CN101692022A - Atmospheric dust sampling method and monitoring method - Google Patents

Atmospheric dust sampling method and monitoring method Download PDF

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Publication number
CN101692022A
CN101692022A CN200910154004A CN200910154004A CN101692022A CN 101692022 A CN101692022 A CN 101692022A CN 200910154004 A CN200910154004 A CN 200910154004A CN 200910154004 A CN200910154004 A CN 200910154004A CN 101692022 A CN101692022 A CN 101692022A
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dust
nozzle
particle diameter
sampling
flow
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CN101692022B (en
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佘检求
李增珍
王健
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FOCUSED PHOTONICS (HANGZHOU) Inc
Hangzhou Juguang Environmental Prot Technology Co ltd
Wuxi Zhongke Photonics Co ltd
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Juguang Sci & Tech (hangzhou) Co Ltd
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Abstract

The invention discloses an atmospheric dust sampling method and a monitoring method applying the sampling method. Through specially designed diameter of a nozzle and distance between a nozzle outlet and a collector, under the condition of not changing the diameter of the nozzle of a cutter, the sampling and monitoring of dust with different cut particle sizes can be realized only by adjusting air flow through the nozzle. The methods have the characteristics of high automation degree, good reliability, convenient operation and use, and the like.

Description

Atmospheric dust sampling and monitoring method
Technical field
The present invention relates to atmospheric dust sampling and monitoring, relate in particular to the method that to sample and to monitor two kinds or above cutting particle diameter dust.
Background technology
Existing Beta particle atmospheric dust detector or trace vibration sedimentation balance method or other similar modes detect atmospheric dust and all can only detect a kind of concentration of cutting the particle diameter dust.
PM 10Detection be to belong to state compulsion to require the project that detects, detection of other cutting particle diameter dust is not then required.But along with the development of society, more and more higher for the detection requirement of atmospheric dust, press for the dust of gathering and detect other cutting particle diameter, as PM 5, PM 2.5, and existing common practice is: directly buy two or many instruments, be respectively applied for sampling and the dust that detects different cutting particle diameters, this way has many deficiencies, has improved the detection cost widely as many instruments, has also improved the difficulty of safeguarding.
Detect deficiencies such as cost is too high, maintenance difficulties is big in the such scheme in order to solve, U.S. Pat 20060000297A1 discloses a solution: as shown in Figure 1, adopt same cutter, but the nozzle of a plurality of different-diameters is provided.When the dust of the different cutting of sampling particle diameters with detection, change the nozzle of different-diameter, as 50a, 50b, 50c and 50d, and keep constant by the gas stream value of nozzle, thus the sampling of the different cutting of realization particle diameter dust and the changes of detection.
Above-mentioned patented method has realized obtaining with a cutter dust of different cutting particle diameters, but also comes with some shortcomings, as:
1, automaticity is low.
The replacing of nozzle need manually be finished, and can't automatically switch, and automaticity is low, and length expends time in.
2, cost height.
If when the dust of difference cutting particle diameter is sampled, need a plurality of cutters or a plurality of nozzle assembly to cooperate and just can finish, the cost height that dust is detected.
3, poor reliability.
Because when the dust of difference cutting particle diameter is sampled, all need to change different nozzles, make the sealing variation between nozzle and the cutter, thereby influence the performance of nozzle and cutter, bring error to sampling, the accuracy of atmospheric dust sampling and detection is reduced.
4, the testing result comparability is poor.
Often change nozzle and can make the duty of dust instrument cutter can not guarantee unanimity completely, there are differences between the feasible detected state to same cutting particle diameter dust, the comparability that detects before and after making is poor.
5, use inconvenience.
When detecting the dust of different cutting particle diameters, need to change the nozzle of different-diameter.And cutter often is arranged on than higher position, and the operation of need manually climbing when changing nozzle is very inconvenient.
6, maintenance cost height.
Often change the bad stability that nozzle can make sampling and detection system, the manual maintenance cost uprises.
Summary of the invention
In order to solve deficiency of the prior art, the invention provides and a kind ofly adopt same cutter, need not to change the method that the cutter nozzle just can be realized two or more cutting particle diameter dust sampling and detection.
In order to realize the foregoing invention purpose, the present invention adopts following technical scheme:
A kind of atmospheric dust sampling method may further comprise the steps:
A, provide dust cutter, sampling pump and flow controlling unit, described dust cutter comprises nozzle and gatherer;
Set up the cutting particle diameter D of dust pWith by the corresponding relation between the gas flow Q of described nozzle;
B, according to the cutting particle diameter D of dust pWith by the corresponding relation between the gas flow Q of described nozzle, at the cutting particle diameter D that intends the sampling dust P1, the gas stream value Q that passes through nozzle of the dust correspondence that obtains intending sampling 1
Flow controlling unit is regulated in c, sampling pump work, and making the gas stream value by described nozzle is Q 1, realize cutting particle diameter D P1The sampling of dust;
When carrying out the sampling of other cutting particle diameter dust, keep the diameter of described nozzle constant, repeating step b～c.
As preferably, in the above-mentioned method of sampling, the diameter D of described dust cutter nozzle, jet expansion are determined by following steps to the distance H of gatherer:
(1) determines a cutting particle diameter D in the sample range P2The corresponding flow value Q that passes through nozzle 2
At this flow value Q 2On the basis, minimum cut particle diameter D in the sample range P (min)The corresponding flow value Q that passes through nozzle MaxIn the load capacity of sampling pump;
(2) according to the flow value Q that determines 2, cutting particle diameter D P2Draw the nozzle diameter D of cutter;
(3) utilize the nozzle diameter D that obtains to draw other cutting particle diameter D in the sample range pThe corresponding gas stream value Q that passes through nozzle;
To the distance H of gatherer and the relation between the nozzle diameter D, determine the distance H of jet expansion according to jet expansion to gatherer;
(4) revise each gas stream value of drawing in step (1), (3), jet expansion distance H to gatherer, feasible to various dust in the sample range cutting particle diameter deviation and arresting efficiency all in setting range, thereby set up the cutting particle diameter D of dust pWith by the corresponding relation between the gas flow Q of nozzle.
A kind of atmospheric dust monitoring method may further comprise the steps:
A, provide sampling unit and detecting unit, sampling unit comprises dust cutter, sampling pump, flow controlling unit, and the dust cutter comprises nozzle and gatherer;
Set up the cutting particle diameter D of dust pWith by the corresponding relation between the gas flow Q of described nozzle;
B, according to the cutting particle diameter D of dust pWith by the corresponding relation between the gas flow Q of described nozzle, at the cutting particle diameter D that intends the sampling dust P1, the gas stream value Q that passes through nozzle of the dust correspondence that obtains intending sampling 1
Flow controlling unit is regulated in c, sampling pump work, and making the gas stream value by described nozzle is Q 1, realize cutting particle diameter D P1The sampling of dust;
D, utilize detecting unit to collect, and measure the quality and the gas volume of dust, thereby draw cutting particle diameter D in the atmosphere through the dust in the gas behind the cutter P1The content of dust;
When carrying out the monitoring of other cutting particle diameter dust, keep the diameter of described nozzle constant, repeating step b～d.
As preferably, in above-mentioned monitoring method, the diameter D of described dust cutter nozzle, jet expansion are determined by following steps to the distance H of gatherer:
(1), draws different cutting particle diameter D in the monitoring range according to the detection limit of detecting unit P[i]The pairing gas flow minimum value Q of dust by nozzle Min[i]
According to above-mentioned different cutting particle diameter D P[i]And corresponding flow minimum value Q Min[i], draw each cutting particle diameter D P[i]The nozzle diameter D of dust correspondence i
Determine nozzle diameter D, it is not less than above-mentioned each diameter D i
Above-mentioned each flow minimum value Q Min[i]Be in the load capacity of sampling pump;
(2) utilize the nozzle diameter D that obtains, draw different cutting particle diameter D in the sample range P[i]The corresponding gas stream value Q that passes through nozzle i
To the distance H of gatherer and the relation between the nozzle diameter D, determine the distance H of jet expansion according to jet expansion to gatherer;
(3) revise each the gas stream value Q that draws in the step (2) i, jet expansion is to the distance H of gatherer, make to the cutting particle diameter deviation of various dust in the sample range and arresting efficiency all in setting range, thereby set up the cutting particle diameter D of dust pWith by the corresponding relation between the gas flow Q of nozzle;
I=1 in the above-mentioned expression formula, 2,3 ... N, N 〉=2.
As preferably, each gas stream value Q, jet expansion to the modification method of the distance H of gatherer are:
Fixing each gas stream value Q by nozzle is constant, regulates described distance H; Fixing described distance H is constant, regulates each the gas stream value by nozzle; By above-mentioned experiment, determine jet expansion to the distance H of gatherer, with the cutting particle diameter D of dust P[i]The corresponding gas flow Q that passes through nozzle i, make to the cutting particle diameter deviation of various dust in the sample range and arresting efficiency all in setting range i=1,2,3 ... N, N 〉=2.
As preferably, in the above-mentioned method of sampling and monitoring method, utilize relational expression D p = C · D 3 Q Obtain nozzle diameter D, the gas stream value Q by nozzle, C is a constant.
As preferably, in the above-mentioned method of sampling and monitoring method, jet expansion to the distance H of gatherer and the pass between the nozzle diameter D is: D＜H＜5D.
In above-mentioned sampling and monitoring method, described flow controlling unit comprises first order regulating device, second level regulating device.
As preferably, in the above-mentioned method of sampling and monitoring method, described first order regulating device is the pressure protect stream or is arranged on frequency converter on the sampling pump.
Compared with prior art, the present invention has following beneficial effect:
1, the automaticity height is easy for operation.
Keep nozzle diameter constant, change sampling and the detection that flow just can realize difference is cut the particle diameter dust by flow controlling unit, change the nozzle of cutter and need not manually to climb, the automaticity height makes sampling and detection system more convenient to operate.
2, cost is low.
The nozzle that does not need a plurality of cutters just can be realized the sampling and the detection of different cutting particle diameter dust by changing flow, has reduced parts, has saved resource, makes dust sampling and detects the cost step-down;
Simultaneously, the present invention regulates flow by frequency converter, makes system when maximum cutting particle diameter dust being sampled and detect, gas flow minimum by nozzle, allow sampling pump to be operated in lowest energy consumption, thereby saved the energy, also make cost step-down dust sampling and detection.
3, good reliability.
In sampling and testing process, the conversion between the different cutting particle diameters need not to change the cutter nozzle, can not bring sealing problem to system, good reliability;
By various cutting particle diameter dust corresponding flow values in the sample range are revised, the deviation that makes the cutting particle diameter has guaranteed the accuracy of cutting particle diameter in target zone;
By to the cutter jet expansion to the correction of collector distance, make the cutting efficiency of various cutting particle diameter dust in the sample range all in target zone, guaranteed the accuracy of sampling.
4, flow regulation is more convenient.
The present invention can realize the two-stage adjusting of flow, that is: coarse adjustment and fine setting.When flow adjustment range is bigger, can regulate frequency converter earlier or the pressure protect stream carries out coarse adjustment to flow, flow value is transferred near the target flow value, regulate flow control valve again, flow value is transferred to accurate target flow value.
Increased frequency converter in sampling apparatus, made sampling pump have a plurality of gears, be aided with flow control valve again and finely tune, both control easily can be saved the energy again.
5, testing result good comparability.
In sampling and testing process, because the conversion between the different cutting particle diameters need not to change the cutter nozzle, only can realize the sampling and the detection of different cutting particle diameter dust by changing flow, make the duty of cutter can keep good consistance, and then make to the difference between the detected state of same cutting particle diameter dust become as far as possible little, the good comparability that detects before and after making.
6, maintenance cost is low.
When difference cutting particle diameter dust being sampled by designing later cutter, flow value is all in a controlled scope, change flow and can not bring extra burden, can keep the stability of system well, make the maintenance cost step-down other devices of sampling and detection system.
7, the long service life of sampling pump.
Because the existence of frequency converter or pressure protect stream, the duty factor during sampling pump work is less, has prolonged the serviceable life of pump.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 installs synoptic diagram in the background technology;
Fig. 2 is an atmospheric dust sampling apparatus structure synoptic diagram among the embodiment 1;
Fig. 3 is an atmospheric dust monitoring device structural representation among the embodiment 1;
Fig. 4 is an atmospheric dust sampling apparatus structure synoptic diagram among the embodiment 2;
Fig. 5 is an atmospheric dust monitoring device structural representation among the embodiment 2;
Fig. 6 is the schematic flow sheet of the method for sampling among the embodiment 1,2;
Fig. 7 is the schematic flow sheet of monitoring method among the embodiment 1,2.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1:
As shown in Figure 2, a kind of atmospheric dust sampling device comprises cutter 11, sampling pump 4 and flow controlling unit.
Described flow controlling unit comprises first order regulating device and second level regulating device; First order regulating device is a frequency converter, is arranged on the sampling pump; Second level regulating device is a flow control valve 3.This flow controlling unit carries out two-stage to the gas flow by cutter to be regulated: coarse adjustment and fine setting.Utilize frequency converter that flow is carried out coarse adjustment earlier, flow value is transferred near the target flow value, utilize flow control valve 3 that flow value is accurately transferred to target flow value again.
Increased frequency converter in flow control, made sampling pump have a plurality of gears, be aided with flow control valve again and finely tune, both control easily can be saved the energy again.
Described cutter comprises nozzle, gatherer.Present embodiment has designed the diameter D of nozzle and the jet expansion distance H to gatherer especially, diameter D that makes at nozzle and jet expansion are under the constant situation of the distance H of gatherer, change the cutting particle diameter of dust in the gas by accurate control by the gas stream value of nozzle, can be applicable to PM 10-PM 2.5Dust sampling and monitoring.
The diameter D of described nozzle and jet expansion are determined as follows to the distance H of gatherer:
(1) the present embodiment sample range is PM 10-PM 2.5, determine PM 10Dust corresponding flow value is Q Min=10L/min;
Relation according to the square root that cuts particle diameter and flow is inversely proportional to draws PM 2.5Dust corresponding flow value is Q Max=160L/min, this flow value is in the load capacity scope of sampling pump;
(2) according to flow Q Min, PM 10Cutting particle diameter, relational expression D p = C · D 3 Q Obtain nozzle diameter D=8.2mm; In relational expression, Q is the gas stream value by nozzle, D pBe the cutting particle diameter, C is constant 1.74e-4;
(3) according to nozzle diameter D=8.2mm, the relational expression of cutter D p = C · D 3 Q Calculate and respectively cut particle diameter corresponding flow value in the sample range, as shown in table 1;
Cutting particle diameter (μ m) ??10 ??5 ??2.5
Flow rate calculation value (L/min) ??10 ??40 ??160
Flow correction value (L/min) ??10.4 ??40.7 ??158
Actual cutting particle diameter (μ m) ??10.2 ??5.1 ??2.51
Table 1
To concerning D＜H＜5D between the distance H of gatherer and the nozzle diameter D, obtaining jet expansion is H=2D=16.4mm to the distance of gatherer according to jet expansion in the cutter;
(4) revise the jet expansion that obtains in the step (3) distance H and the gas flow Q to gatherer, make the cutting particle diameter deviation of various dust in the sample range and arresting efficiency all in target zone, specifically correcting mode is:
The accuracy of flow Q influence cutting particle diameter, jet expansion influences cutting efficiency to the distance H of gatherer.By experiment, fixing each gas stream value Q by nozzle is constant, regulates described distance H, obtains multi-group data; Fixing described distance is constant, regulates each the gas stream value by nozzle, obtains multi-group data; In above-mentioned data, choose jet expansion to the distance H of gatherer, with dust cutting particle diameter corresponding flow value, concrete flow value is as shown in table 1, selected jet expansion is H=11.53mm to gatherer apart from modified value;
At industry protecting standard " PM 10Sampling thief technical requirement and detection method " in, to PM 10The requirement of cutting particle diameter is: D 10-50=10 ± 0.5 μ m is because to PM 5And PM 2.5The cutting particle diameter does not also have respective standard, with reference to PM 10Standard makes the actual PM that records 5And PM 2.5The cutting particle diameter is respectively: D 5-50=5 ± 0.25 μ m, D 2.5-50=2.5 ± 0.125 μ m.In the present embodiment, the actual cutting particle diameter that obtains by air sampling is as shown in table 1.As can be seen from Table 1, the cutter that utilizes process to design only changes flow and carries out the requirement that different samplings of cutting the particle diameter dust can be satisfied standard;
At industry protecting standard " PM 10Sampling thief technical requirement and detection method " in, to PM 10The geometric standard deviation of arresting efficiency requires: σ g=1.5 ± 0.1, because to PM 5And PM 2.5The cutting particle diameter does not also have respective standard, with reference to PM 10Standard makes actual in PM 5And PM 2.5The geometric standard deviation of arresting efficiency also is σ g=1.5 ± 0.1.In the present embodiment, jet expansion is 11.53mm to gatherer apart from modified value, makes PM 10, PM 5, PM 2.5The geometric standard deviation of arresting efficiency is all at σ gWithin=1.5 ± 0.1.
Set up flow correction value and the corresponding relation that cuts particle diameter, as shown in table 1, and storage is advanced in the sampling apparatus.
Present embodiment has also disclosed a kind of atmospheric dust sampling method, and as shown in Figure 6, the method for sampling may further comprise the steps:
A, provide above-mentioned atmospheric dust sampling device, nozzle diameter D and jet expansion are to definite method of the distance H of gatherer, the cutting particle diameter D of dust in the sampling apparatus pAnd the foundation by corresponding relation between the gas flow Q of nozzle; Description referring to above-mentioned part;
The corresponding relation of cutting particle diameter and gas stream value by nozzle obtains PM in b, the sample range that provides according to table 1 10The dust corresponding flow is 10.4L/min;
C, startup sampling pump transfer to PM described in the step b by the two-stage flow regulator with flow 10Dust corresponding flow value 10.4L/min realizes PM 10The sampling of dust, concrete steps are as follows:
Utilize the gas flow of frequency converter coarse adjustment earlier, make flow value about 20L/min, utilize flow control valve 3 fine tunings again, make gas flow be stabilized in 10.4L/min, thereby realize PM in the atmosphere by nozzle by nozzle 10The sampling of dust;
Need carry out PM 5And PM 2.5During the sampling of dust, keep cutter nozzle diameter D=8.2mm constant, repeating step b～c, specific as follows:
To PM 5The sampling of dust: keep cutter nozzle diameter D=8.2mm constant, the corresponding relation of cutting particle diameter and flow obtains PM in the sample range that provides according to table 1 5The dust corresponding flow is 40.7L/min; Start sampling pump, utilize the gas flow of frequency converter coarse adjustment earlier, make flow value about 50L/min, utilize flow control valve 3 fine tunings again, make gas flow be stabilized in 40.7L/min, thereby realize PM in the atmosphere by nozzle by nozzle 5The sampling of dust.
To PM 2.5The sampling of dust: keep cutter nozzle diameter D=8.2mm constant, the corresponding relation of cutting particle diameter and flow obtains PM in the sample range that provides according to table 1 2.5The dust corresponding flow is 158L/min; Start sampling pump, utilize the gas flow of frequency converter coarse adjustment earlier, make flow value about 160L/min, utilize flow control valve 3 fine tunings again, make gas flow be stabilized in 158L/min, thereby realize PM in the atmosphere by nozzle by nozzle 2.5The sampling of dust.
Therefore, by a cutter, and need not to change wherein nozzle, regulate flow and just can realize sampling that two or more are cut the particle diameter dust, have that cost is low, automaticity is high, advantages such as easy operation, maintainability and good reliability.
As shown in Figure 3, a kind of atmospheric dust monitoring device is used for monitoring atmosphere PM 10-PM 2.5The content of dust, described monitoring device comprises sampling unit and detecting unit.Described detecting unit comprises filter paper band 5 and filter paper tape handler 6, signal generating unit 7, detecting signal unit 8, analytic unit 9 etc., described signal generating unit 7 adopts the Beta radiographic source, described detecting signal unit 8 adopts Geiger tube, these all are the common practise of this area, do not repeat them here.
What described sampling unit was different with above-mentioned sampling apparatus is; The diameter D of described dust cutter nozzle, jet expansion are determined by following steps to the distance H of gatherer:
(1), draws different cutting particle diameter D in the monitoring range according to the detection limit of detecting unit P[i]The pairing gas flow minimum value Q of dust by nozzle Min[i]As, PM 10Dust corresponding flow minimum value be Q Min[1], PM 5Dust corresponding flow minimum value be Q Min[2]
According to above-mentioned different cutting particle diameter D P[i]And corresponding flow minimum value Q Min[i], utilize relational expression D p = C · D 3 Q Draw each cutting particle diameter D P[i]Corresponding nozzle diameter D iAs, PM 10Dust corresponding nozzle diameter D 1, PM 5Dust corresponding nozzle diameter D 2
Determine nozzle diameter D=8.2mm, it is greater than above-mentioned each diameter D i
Above-mentioned each flow minimum value Q Min[i]Be in the load capacity of sampling pump;
(2) utilize the nozzle diameter D=8.2mm that obtains, draw different cutting particle diameter D in the sample range P[i]The gas stream value Q that passes through nozzle of dust correspondence i, specifically see also table 1, i=1 in the above-mentioned expression formula, 2,3;
To concerning D＜H＜5D between the distance H of gatherer and the nozzle diameter D, determine the distance H=16.4mm of jet expansion according to jet expansion to gatherer;
(3) revise each the gas stream value Q that draws in the step (2) i, jet expansion is to the distance H of gatherer, makes that to the cutting particle diameter deviation of various dust in the sample range and arresting efficiency concrete correcting mode is all in setting range:
The accuracy of flow Q influence cutting particle diameter, jet expansion influences cutting efficiency to the distance H of gatherer.By experiment, fixing each gas stream value Q by nozzle is constant, regulates described distance H, obtains multi-group data; Fixing described distance is constant, regulates each the gas stream value by nozzle, obtains multi-group data; In above-mentioned data, choose jet expansion to the distance H of gatherer, with dust cutting particle diameter corresponding flow value, concrete flow value is as shown in table 1, selected jet expansion is H=11.53mm to gatherer apart from modified value, thereby has set up the cutting particle diameter D of dust pAnd by the corresponding relation between the gas flow Q of nozzle, and storage is advanced in the described monitoring device.
Present embodiment has also disclosed a kind of atmospheric dust monitoring method, as shown in Figure 7, may further comprise the steps:
A, provide above-mentioned dust monitoring device; Nozzle diameter D and jet expansion are to definite method of the distance H of gatherer, the cutting particle diameter D of dust in the sampling unit pAnd can be referring to the description of above-mentioned part by the foundation of corresponding relation between the gas flow Q of nozzle;
The corresponding relation of cutting particle diameter and flow obtains PM in b, the sample range that provides according to table 1 5The dust corresponding flow is 40.7L/min;
C, startup sampling pump utilize the gas flow of frequency converter coarse adjustment by nozzle earlier, make flow value about 50L/min, utilize flow control valve 3 fine tunings again, make the gas flow by nozzle be stabilized in 40.7L/min; Thereby realize PM in the atmosphere 5The sampling of dust;
D, utilize detecting unit to collect, and measure the quality and the gas volume of dust, thereby draw PM in the atmosphere through the dust in the gas behind the cutter 5The content of dust; Concrete detection method is the knowledge of this area, does not repeat them here;
Need carry out PM 10And PM 2.5During the monitoring of dust, keep cutter nozzle diameter D=8.2mm constant, repeating step b～d, thus realized PM in the atmosphere 10, PM 2.5The monitoring of dust.
Utilize a cutter, keep nozzle diameter constant, by regulating the monitoring that just can realize different cutting particle diameter dust in the atmosphere by the gas flow of nozzle.
Embodiment 2:
As shown in Figure 4, a kind of atmospheric dust sampling device, as different from Example 1:
First order regulating device is the pressure protect stream, and described pressure protect stream is one or more, and solenoid valve or blowdown valve or reverse retaining valve are adopted in each road, and present embodiment is selected No. three blowdown valves for use, is respectively 01 tunnel, 02 tunnel, No. 03 blowdown valve.
This flow controlling unit carries out two-stage to the gas flow by nozzle to be regulated: coarse adjustment and fine setting.When the gas flow of nozzle needs is smaller, blowdown valve is in time opened as rack and rinion adjustment, forms the loop, and sampling pump only extracts a spot of gas from the nozzle stream, gas flow is near desired value, and the variable valve by fine setting transfers to accurate target flow value with flow value then.
The diameter D of the nozzle of dust cutter 12 and jet expansion are determined as follows to the distance H of gatherer:
(1) the present embodiment sample range is PM 10-PM 2.5, determine PM 5Dust corresponding flow value is Q=20L/min;
Relation according to the square root that cuts particle diameter and flow is inversely proportional to draws PM 2.5Dust corresponding flow value is Q Max=80L/min, this flow value is in the load capacity scope of sampling pump.
(2) according to flow value Q=20L/min, PM 5Cutting particle diameter, relational expression D p = C · D 3 Q Obtain nozzle diameter D=6.5mm; In relational expression, Q is the gas stream value by nozzle, D pBe the cutting particle diameter, C is constant 1.74e-4;
(3) according to nozzle diameter D=8.2mm, the relational expression of cutter D p = C · D 3 Q Calculate and respectively cut particle diameter dust corresponding flow value in the sample range, as shown in table 2;
Cutting particle diameter (μ m) ??10 ??5 ??2.5
Flow rate calculation value (L/min) ??5 ??20 ??80
Flow correction value (L/min) ??5.3 ??20.4 ??79.5
Actual cutting particle diameter (μ m) ??10.3 ??5.1 ??2.52
Table 2
To concerning D＜H＜5D between the distance H of gatherer and the nozzle diameter D, obtaining jet expansion is H=2D=13mm to the distance of gatherer according to jet expansion in the cutter;
(4) revise the jet expansion that obtains in the step (3) distance H and the nozzle diameter D to gatherer, make the cutting particle diameter deviation of various particle diameter dust in the sample range and arresting efficiency all in target zone, specifically correcting mode is:
The accuracy of flow Q influence cutting particle diameter, jet expansion influences cutting efficiency to the distance H of gatherer.By experiment, fixing each gas stream value Q by nozzle is constant, regulates described distance H, obtains multi-group data; Fixing described distance is constant, regulates each the gas stream value by nozzle, obtains multi-group data; In above-mentioned data, choose jet expansion to the distance H of gatherer, with dust cutting particle diameter corresponding flow value, concrete flow value is as shown in table 2, selected jet expansion is H=8.83mm to gatherer apart from modified value;
At industry protecting standard " PM 10Sampling thief technical requirement and detection method " in, to PM 10The requirement of cutting particle diameter is: D 10-50=10 ± 0.5 μ m is because to PM 5And PM 2.5The cutting particle diameter does not also have respective standard, with reference to PM 10Standard makes the actual PM that records 5And PM 2.5The cutting particle diameter is respectively: D 5-50=5 ± 0.25 μ m, D 2.5-50=2.5 ± 0.125 μ m.In the present embodiment, the actual cutting particle diameter that obtains by air sampling is as shown in table 2.As can be seen from Table 2, the cutter that utilizes process to design only changes flow and carries out the requirement that different samplings of cutting the particle diameter dust can be satisfied standard;
At industry protecting standard " PM 10Sampling thief technical requirement and detection method " in, to PM 10The geometric standard deviation of arresting efficiency requires: σ g=1.5 ± 0.1, because to PM 5And PM 2.5The cutting particle diameter does not also have respective standard, with reference to PM 10Standard makes actual in PM 5And PM 2.5The geometric standard deviation of arresting efficiency also is σ g=1.5 ± 0.1.In the present embodiment, jet expansion is 8.83mm to gatherer apart from modified value, makes PM 10, PM 5, PM 2.5The geometric standard deviation of arresting efficiency is all at σ gWithin=1.5 ± 0.1.
Set up flow correction value and the corresponding relation that cuts particle diameter, as shown in table 2, and storage is advanced in the sampling apparatus.
Present embodiment has also disclosed a kind of atmospheric dust sampling method, and as shown in Figure 6, the method for sampling may further comprise the steps:
A, provide above-mentioned atmospheric dust sampling device, nozzle diameter D and jet expansion are to definite method of the distance H of gatherer, the cutting particle diameter D of dust in the sampling apparatus pAnd the foundation by corresponding relation between the gas flow Q of nozzle is referring to the description of above-mentioned part;
Cutting particle diameter D in b, the sample range that provides according to table 2 pCorresponding relation with the gas flow Q that passes through nozzle obtains PM 10The dust corresponding flow is 5.3L/min;
C, startup sampling pump transfer to PM described in the step b by the two-stage flow regulator with flow 10Dust corresponding flow value 5.3L/min realizes PM 10The sampling of dust, concrete steps are as follows:
Because the maximum flow of sampling pump surpasses 80L/min, and to PM 10The flow value that needs during sampling is 5.3L/min, and 01 tunnel, 02 tunnel, No. 03 blowdown valve is all opened, and makes flow value by cutter about 7L/min, regulates flow control valve 3 again, makes flow value be controlled at 5.3L/min; Carry out air sampling, thereby realize PM in the atmosphere 10The sampling of dust;
Need carry out PM 5And PM 2.5During the sampling of dust, keep cutter nozzle diameter D=6.5mm constant, repeating step b～c, specific as follows:
To PM 5The sampling of dust: keep cutter nozzle diameter D=6.5mm constant, the corresponding relation of cutting particle diameter and flow obtains PM in the sample range that provides according to table 2 5The dust corresponding flow is 20.4L/min; Start sampling pump, make gas flow be stabilized in 40.7L/min, thereby realize PM in the atmosphere by nozzle by regulating each road blowdown valve and flow control valve 3 5The sampling of dust.
To PM 2.5The sampling of dust: keep cutter nozzle diameter D=6.5mm constant, the corresponding relation of cutting particle diameter and flow obtains PM in the sample range that provides according to table 2 2.5The dust corresponding flow is 79.5L/min; Start sampling pump, make gas flow be stabilized in 79.5L/min, thereby realize PM in the atmosphere by nozzle by regulating each road blowdown valve and flow control valve 3 2.5The sampling of dust.
Therefore, by a cutter, and need not to change wherein nozzle, regulate flow and just can realize sampling that two or more are cut the particle diameter dust, have that cost is low, automaticity is high, advantages such as easy operation, maintainability and good reliability.
As shown in Figure 5, a kind of atmospheric dust monitoring device is used for monitoring atmosphere PM 10-PM 2.5The content of dust, described monitoring device comprises sampling unit and detecting unit.Described detecting unit comprises filter paper band 5 and filter paper tape handler 6, signal generating unit 7, detecting signal unit 8, analytic unit 9 etc., described signal generating unit 7 adopts the Beta radiographic source, described detecting signal unit 8 adopts Geiger tube, these all are the common practise of this area, do not repeat them here.
What described sampling unit was different with above-mentioned sampling apparatus is; The diameter D of described dust cutter 12 nozzles, jet expansion are determined by following steps to the distance H of gatherer:
(1), draws different cutting particle diameter D in the monitoring range according to the detection limit of detecting unit P[i]The pairing gas flow minimum value Q of dust by nozzle Min[i]As, PM 10Dust corresponding flow minimum value be Q Min[1], PM 5Dust corresponding flow minimum value be Q Min[2]
According to above-mentioned different cutting particle diameter D P[i]And corresponding flow minimum value Q Min[i], utilize relational expression D p = C · D 3 Q Draw each cutting particle diameter D P[i]Corresponding nozzle diameter D iAs, PM 10Dust corresponding nozzle diameter D 1, PM 5Dust corresponding nozzle diameter D 2
Determine nozzle diameter D=6.5mm, it is greater than above-mentioned each diameter D i
Above-mentioned each flow minimum value Q Min[i]Be in the load capacity of sampling pump;
(2) utilize the nozzle diameter D=6.5mm that obtains, draw different cutting particle diameter D in the sample range P[i]The gas stream value Q that passes through nozzle of dust correspondence i, specifically see also table 2, i=1 in the above-mentioned expression formula, 2,3;
To concerning D＜H＜5D between the distance H of gatherer and the nozzle diameter D, determine the distance H=13mm of jet expansion according to jet expansion to gatherer;
(3) revise each the gas stream value Q that draws in the step (2) i, jet expansion is to the distance H of gatherer, makes that to the cutting particle diameter deviation of various dust in the sample range and arresting efficiency concrete correcting mode is all in setting range:
The accuracy of flow Q influence cutting particle diameter, jet expansion influences cutting efficiency to the distance H of gatherer.By experiment, fixing each gas stream value Q by nozzle is constant, regulates described distance H, obtains multi-group data; Fixing described distance is constant, regulates each the gas stream value by nozzle, obtains multi-group data; In above-mentioned data, choose jet expansion to the distance H of gatherer, with dust cutting particle diameter corresponding flow value, concrete flow value is as shown in table 2, selected jet expansion is H=8.53mm to gatherer apart from modified value, thereby has set up the cutting particle diameter D of dust pAnd by the corresponding relation between the gas flow Q of nozzle, and storage is advanced in the described monitoring device.
Present embodiment has also disclosed a kind of atmospheric dust monitoring method, as shown in Figure 7, may further comprise the steps:
A, provide above-mentioned dust monitoring device; Nozzle diameter D and jet expansion are to definite method of the distance H of gatherer, the cutting particle diameter D of dust in the sampling unit pAnd can be referring to the description of above-mentioned part by the foundation of corresponding relation between the gas flow Q of nozzle;
Cutting particle diameter D in b, the sample range that provides according to table 2 pCorresponding relation with the gas flow Q that passes through nozzle obtains PM 5The dust corresponding flow is 20.4L/min;
C, because the maximum flow of sampling pump surpasses 80L/min, and to PM 5The flow value that needs during dust sampling is 20.4L/min, and 01 tunnel, No. 02 blowdown valve is all opened, and makes flow value by cutter about 24L/min, regulates flow control valve 3 again, makes flow value be fixed on 20.4L/min, thereby realizes PM in the atmosphere 5The sampling of dust;
D, utilize detecting unit to collect, and measure the quality and the gas volume of dust, thereby draw PM in the atmosphere through the dust in the gas behind the cutter 5The content of dust, concrete detection method is the knowledge of this area, does not repeat them here;
Need carry out PM 10And PM 2.5During the sampling of dust, keep cutter nozzle diameter D=8.2mm constant, repeating step b～d, thus realized PM in the atmosphere 10-PM 2.5The monitoring of dust.
Utilize a cutter, keep the nozzle diameter of cutter constant, by regulating the monitoring that just can realize different cutting particle diameter dust in the atmosphere by the gas flow of nozzle.
Above-mentioned embodiment should not be construed as limiting the scope of the invention.Key of the present invention is: adopt same cutter, keep the nozzle diameter of cutter constant, by changing the sampling and the monitoring that just can realize two or more cutting particle diameter dust by the gas flow of nozzle.Under the situation that does not break away from spirit of the present invention, any type of change that the present invention is made all should fall within protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (9)

1. atmospheric dust sampling method may further comprise the steps:
A, provide dust cutter, sampling pump and flow controlling unit, described dust cutter comprises nozzle and gatherer;
Set up the cutting particle diameter D of dust pWith by the corresponding relation between the gas flow Q of described nozzle;
B, according to the cutting particle diameter D of dust pWith by the corresponding relation between the gas flow Q of described nozzle, at the cutting particle diameter D that intends the sampling dust P1, the gas stream value Q that passes through nozzle of the dust correspondence that obtains intending sampling 1
Flow controlling unit is regulated in c, sampling pump work, and making the gas stream value by described nozzle is Q 1, realize cutting particle diameter D P1The sampling of dust;
When carrying out the sampling of other cutting particle diameter dust, keep the diameter of described nozzle constant, repeating step b～c.
2. method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the diameter D of described dust cutter nozzle, jet expansion are determined by following steps to the distance H of gatherer:
(1) determines a cutting particle diameter D in the sample range P2The corresponding flow value Q that passes through nozzle 2
At this flow value Q 2On the basis, minimum cut particle diameter D in the sample range P (min)The corresponding flow value Q that passes through nozzle MaxIn the load capacity of sampling pump;
(2) according to the flow value Q that determines 2, cutting particle diameter D P2Draw the nozzle diameter D of cutter;
(3) utilize the nozzle diameter D that obtains to draw other cutting particle diameter D in the sample range pThe corresponding gas stream value Q that passes through nozzle;
To the distance H of gatherer and the relation between the nozzle diameter D, determine the distance H of jet expansion according to jet expansion to gatherer;
(4) revise each gas stream value Q of drawing in step (1), (3), jet expansion distance H to gatherer, feasible to various dust in the sample range cutting particle diameter deviation and arresting efficiency all in setting range, thereby set up the cutting particle diameter D of dust pWith by the corresponding relation between the gas flow Q of nozzle.
3. atmospheric dust monitoring method may further comprise the steps:
A, provide sampling unit and detecting unit, sampling unit comprises dust cutter, sampling pump, flow controlling unit, and the dust cutter comprises nozzle and gatherer;
Set up the cutting particle diameter D of dust pWith by the corresponding relation between the gas flow Q of described nozzle;
B, according to the cutting particle diameter D of dust pWith by the corresponding relation between the gas flow Q of described nozzle, at the cutting particle diameter D that intends the sampling dust P1, the gas stream value Q that passes through nozzle of the dust correspondence that obtains intending sampling 1
Flow controlling unit is regulated in c, sampling pump work, and making the gas stream value by described nozzle is Q 1, realize cutting particle diameter D P1The sampling of dust;
D, utilize detecting unit to collect, and measure the quality and the gas volume of dust, thereby draw cutting particle diameter D in the atmosphere through the dust in the gas behind the cutter P1The content of dust;
When carrying out the monitoring of other cutting particle diameter dust, keep the diameter of described nozzle constant, repeating step b～d.
4. method according to claim 3 is characterized in that: the diameter D of described dust cutter nozzle, jet expansion are determined by following steps to the distance H of gatherer:
(1), draws different cutting particle diameter D in the monitoring range according to the detection limit of detecting unit P[i]The pairing gas flow minimum value Q of dust by nozzle Min[i]
According to above-mentioned different cutting particle diameter D P[i]And corresponding flow minimum value Q Min[i], draw each cutting particle diameter D P[i]The nozzle diameter D of dust correspondence i
Determine nozzle diameter D, it is not less than above-mentioned each diameter D i
Above-mentioned each flow minimum value Q Min[i]Be in the load capacity of sampling pump;
(2) utilize the nozzle diameter D that obtains, draw different cutting particle diameter D in the sample range P[i]The corresponding gas stream value Q that passes through nozzle i
To the distance H of gatherer and the relation between the nozzle diameter D, determine the distance H of jet expansion according to jet expansion to gatherer;
(3) revise each the gas stream value Q that draws in the step (2) i, jet expansion is to the distance H of gatherer, make to the cutting particle diameter deviation of various dust in the sample range and arresting efficiency all in setting range, thereby set up the cutting particle diameter D of dust pWith by the corresponding relation between the gas flow Q of nozzle;
I=1 in the above-mentioned expression formula, 2,3 ... N, N 〉=2.
5. according to claim 2 or 4 described methods, it is characterized in that: each gas stream value Q, jet expansion to the modification method of the distance H of gatherer are:
Fixing each gas stream value Q by nozzle is constant, regulates described distance H; Fixing described distance H is constant, regulates each the gas stream value by nozzle; By above-mentioned experiment, determine jet expansion to the distance H of gatherer, with the cutting particle diameter D of dust P[i]The corresponding gas flow Q that passes through nozzle i, make to the cutting particle diameter deviation of various dust in the sample range and arresting efficiency all in setting range i=1,2,3 ... N, N 〉=2.
6. according to claim 2 or 4 described methods, it is characterized in that: utilize relational expression
Figure F2009101540044C0000031
Obtain nozzle diameter D, the gas stream value Q by nozzle, C is a constant.
7. according to claim 2 or 4 described methods, it is characterized in that: jet expansion to the distance H of gatherer and the pass between the nozzle diameter D is: D＜H＜5.D.
8. according to arbitrary described method in the claim 1 to 4, it is characterized in that: described flow controlling unit comprises first order regulating device, second level regulating device.
9. method according to claim 8 is characterized in that: described first order regulating device is the pressure protect stream or is arranged on frequency converter on the sampling pump.
CN2009101540044A 2009-09-30 2009-09-30 Atmospheric dust sampling method and monitoring method Expired - Fee Related CN101692022B (en)

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CN103196708A (en) * 2013-03-14 2013-07-10 深圳国技仪器有限公司 Intelligent comprehensive air sampler
CN103776714A (en) * 2014-01-16 2014-05-07 深圳市华测检测技术股份有限公司 Integrated monitoring system for atmospheric particulates
CN108489876A (en) * 2018-05-07 2018-09-04 上海尚毅测控技术有限公司 A kind of integrated form airborne dust comprehensive detection device and method

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CN85100464B (en) * 1985-04-02 1988-05-04 冶金工业部安全环保研究院 Dust sampler for dual weighing
CN2630826Y (en) * 2003-08-19 2004-08-04 南开大学 Flue-gas diluted mixing multi-channel stepped sampler
CN2709976Y (en) * 2004-07-13 2005-07-13 郑州市光力科技发展有限公司 Integral device for powder sampling and investigating
CN201060152Y (en) * 2007-06-27 2008-05-14 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 On-line testing apparatus for powder dust in high-pressure gas pipeline

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN103196708A (en) * 2013-03-14 2013-07-10 深圳国技仪器有限公司 Intelligent comprehensive air sampler
CN103776714A (en) * 2014-01-16 2014-05-07 深圳市华测检测技术股份有限公司 Integrated monitoring system for atmospheric particulates
CN103776714B (en) * 2014-01-16 2016-03-16 华测检测认证集团股份有限公司 Atmosphere particulates synthetic supervisory system
CN108489876A (en) * 2018-05-07 2018-09-04 上海尚毅测控技术有限公司 A kind of integrated form airborne dust comprehensive detection device and method

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