CN101688662A - Low velocity staged combustion for furnace atmosphere control - Google Patents

Low velocity staged combustion for furnace atmosphere control Download PDF

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Publication number
CN101688662A
CN101688662A CN200880022683A CN200880022683A CN101688662A CN 101688662 A CN101688662 A CN 101688662A CN 200880022683 A CN200880022683 A CN 200880022683A CN 200880022683 A CN200880022683 A CN 200880022683A CN 101688662 A CN101688662 A CN 101688662A
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China
Prior art keywords
oxidation agent
fuel
smelting furnace
furnace
oxygen
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CN200880022683A
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Chinese (zh)
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H·科巴亚施
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Praxair Technology Inc
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Praxair Technology Inc
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C6/00—Combustion apparatus characterised by the combination of two or more combustion chambers or combustion zones, e.g. for staged combustion
    • F23C6/04—Combustion apparatus characterised by the combination of two or more combustion chambers or combustion zones, e.g. for staged combustion in series connection
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
    • C03B5/00—Melting in furnaces; Furnaces so far as specially adapted for glass manufacture
    • C03B5/16—Special features of the melting process; Auxiliary means specially adapted for glass-melting furnaces
    • C03B5/235—Heating the glass
    • C03B5/2353—Heating the glass by combustion with pure oxygen or oxygen-enriched air, e.g. using oxy-fuel burners or oxygen lances
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
    • C21B11/00—Making pig-iron other than in blast furnaces
    • C21B11/08—Making pig-iron other than in blast furnaces in hearth-type furnaces
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
    • C21B13/00—Making spongy iron or liquid steel, by direct processes
    • C21B13/0006—Making spongy iron or liquid steel, by direct processes obtaining iron or steel in a molten state
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B21/00—Obtaining aluminium
    • C22B21/0084—Obtaining aluminium melting and handling molten aluminium
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B9/00—General processes of refining or remelting of metals; Apparatus for electroslag or arc remelting of metals
    • C22B9/006—General processes of refining or remelting of metals; Apparatus for electroslag or arc remelting of metals with use of an inert protective material including the use of an inert gas
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C6/00—Combustion apparatus characterised by the combination of two or more combustion chambers or combustion zones, e.g. for staged combustion
    • F23C6/04—Combustion apparatus characterised by the combination of two or more combustion chambers or combustion zones, e.g. for staged combustion in series connection
    • F23C6/045—Combustion apparatus characterised by the combination of two or more combustion chambers or combustion zones, e.g. for staged combustion in series connection with staged combustion in a single enclosure
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D14/00—Burners for combustion of a gas, e.g. of a gas stored under pressure as a liquid
    • F23D14/32—Burners for combustion of a gas, e.g. of a gas stored under pressure as a liquid using a mixture of gaseous fuel and pure oxygen or oxygen-enriched air
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • F27B3/00—Hearth-type furnaces, e.g. of reverberatory type; Tank furnaces
    • F27B3/10—Details, accessories, or equipment peculiar to hearth-type furnaces
    • F27B3/20—Arrangements of heating devices
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • F27B3/00—Hearth-type furnaces, e.g. of reverberatory type; Tank furnaces
    • F27B3/10—Details, accessories, or equipment peculiar to hearth-type furnaces
    • F27B3/22—Arrangements of air or gas supply devices
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • F27B9/00—Furnaces through which the charge is moved mechanically, e.g. of tunnel type; Similar furnaces in which the charge moves by gravity
    • F27B9/04—Furnaces through which the charge is moved mechanically, e.g. of tunnel type; Similar furnaces in which the charge moves by gravity adapted for treating the charge in vacuum or special atmosphere
    • F27B9/045—Furnaces with controlled atmosphere
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D99/00—Subject matter not provided for in other groups of this subclass
    • F27D99/0001—Heating elements or systems
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
    • C03B2211/00—Heating processes for glass melting in glass melting furnaces
    • C03B2211/30—Heating processes for glass melting in glass melting furnaces introducing oxygen into the glass melting furnace separately from the fuel
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
    • C03B2211/00—Heating processes for glass melting in glass melting furnaces
    • C03B2211/40—Heating processes for glass melting in glass melting furnaces using oxy-fuel burners
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C2900/00—Special features of, or arrangements for combustion apparatus using fluid fuels or solid fuels suspended in air; Combustion processes therefor
    • F23C2900/06041—Staged supply of oxidant
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E20/00—Combustion technologies with mitigation potential
    • Y02E20/34—Indirect CO2mitigation, i.e. by acting on non CO2directly related matters of the process, e.g. pre-heating or heat recovery
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
    • Y02P10/10—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions
    • Y02P10/134—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions by avoiding CO2, e.g. using hydrogen
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
    • Y02P10/32—Technologies related to metal processing using renewable energy sources
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P40/00—Technologies relating to the processing of minerals
    • Y02P40/50—Glass production, e.g. reusing waste heat during processing or shaping
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P40/00—Technologies relating to the processing of minerals
    • Y02P40/50—Glass production, e.g. reusing waste heat during processing or shaping
    • Y02P40/57—Improving the yield, e-g- reduction of reject rates

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Pre-Mixing And Non-Premixing Gas Burner (AREA)
  • Glass Melting And Manufacturing (AREA)
  • Vertical, Hearth, Or Arc Furnaces (AREA)
  • Furnace Details (AREA)

Abstract

An improved staged combustion method useful with oxy-fuel combustion and in a furnace which contains a charge, wherein substoichiometric combustion and low velocity injection of fuel and primary and secondary oxidant are carried out in an orientation which forms a reducing atmosphere proximate the charge surface.

Description

The low speed fractional combustion that is used for furnace atmosphere control
Technical field
The present invention relates to the fractional combustion in the stove by and large, and stove is comprising the furnace charge that will be heated by the heat that burning is generated.
Background technology
In many process industries of utilizing the burning of fuel and oxidant, the product of fuel combustion and furnace charge interact or react, and usually can cause undesired effect.For example, the known combustion of the richness on glass melt property (fuel rich) flame that impacts in glass-melting furnace can cause the glass product color change, and this is owing to be exposed to due to the redox reaction variation of rich combustion property flame glass melt down.In the steel reheating furnace, during heating form oxide-film, this causes metal loss or blemish.Utilizing United States Patent (USP) the 6th, 592, No. 649 and the 6th, 602, disclosed technology is come in the process of direct reducing iron oxides in No. 320, the mixture of iron ore, coal grain and flux material is condensed into ball and places rotary hearth furnace (rotary hearthfurnace), is heated and reduces to produce (iron nugget).Iron oxide is preheated, and by the carbon reduction from coal, and fusing forms.In the fusion zone, the furnace charge through reducing is heated to 1300 to 1500 ℃ to form molten and to separate with slag by gas burner.In the reducing zone, emit CO gas fast from the iron reduction reaction and prevent oxidizing gas (CO the furnace atmosphere 2, H 2O and O 2) furnace charge is carried out oxidation.Form in the district molten, emit a small amount of CO and being easy to through reduction by stove combustion product (CO from furnace charge 2, H 2O and excessive O 2) reoxidize.Prior art has disclosed by the coal particle of packing into extra in the bed of charge material and has prevented that the iron nugget from reoxidizing and partly solved the problem of reoxidizing.After devolatilization (devolatization), form charcoal bed.
There is defective in this way.Even form the iron nugget on the bed of excess coke particle, the top surface of each nugget still is exposed to furnace atmosphere.Fusion process needs big calorimetric, and the burning by natural gas and air provides these heats usually.CO 2And H 2The reaction of O and carbon is the also consumption of calorie of heat absorption and has increased gas consumption.Wish to prevent reoxidizing of iron nugget.
Nitrogen oxide (NOx) is the important pollutant that generates during the burning and wishes to reduce their generation when burning.Knownly can carry out burning as oxidant by the air that uses technical pure oxygen or be rich in oxygen and generate, because this has reduced the amount of the nitrogen that is provided to combustion reaction on the basis of equivalent oxygen to reduce NOx.But, use have than the oxygen concentration of air more the oxidant of high oxygen concentration can cause combustion reaction to carry out and this higher temperature helps NOx and forms on dynamics at higher temperature.
Used fractional combustion to reduce NOx and generated, particularly when oxidant is the fluid of the oxygen concentration oxygen concentration that surpasses air.In fractional combustion, fuel and oxidant are introduced in the combustion zone and burning by certain stoichiometric proportion.Because excess of fuel is used for burning, the oxygen molecule seldom of oxidant and nitrogen reaction form NOx.Provide extra oxygen in second downstream stage, to finish burning to the combustion zone.Since secondary oxygen with at first diluted before unburned fuel mixes by furnace gas, the burning in the second level is not to take place under the high-temperature very much, thereby limits the amount of the NOx that forms.
Use the deeply staged combustion process, can be by the vertical layering of furnace atmosphere being made furnace atmosphere reproducibility stronger (United States Patent (USP) 5,755,818) or oxidisability stronger (United States Patent (USP) 5,924,858) near the burner hearth zone.For iron is directly reduced, need reducing atmosphere near the burner hearth zone.Although this technology is at the commercial glass-melting furnace that is used for, wherein the burner hearth zone controlled is to have the atmosphere that is rich in more oxygen, because this method needs higher relatively momentum, the degree of atmosphere layering is limited.Recently, at United States Patent (USP) the 5th, 609, No. 481, the 5th, 563, No. 903, the 5th, 961, No. 689 and the 6th, 572, described by in the latter half of direct combustion stove, providing inert protective atmosphere (such as nitrogen) to control the technology of furnace atmosphere fully in No. 676.This process application aluminium remelting and reduction scum silica frost of 80% in full-scale stove (foot long * 8,13 feet wide * 23 foot high) form.Although this technology can be applicable in the direct reduction furnace to form reducing atmosphere and form oxidizing atmosphere in the latter half of smelting furnace in the first half of smelting furnace, it is comparatively complicated that a large amount of special-purpose low speed burner of this arts demand makes this technological operation get up.Wish to have a kind of method to be used for direct reduction process, glass-melting furnace and combustion atmosphere is wherein taking place and interactional other industrial smelting furnace of furnace charge with cost benefit and better layering.
For utilize have than the oxygen concentration of air more the oxidant of high oxygen concentration effectively burn, must in stove, provide fuel and/or oxidant so that realize essential momentum with higher relatively speed.Combustion reactant must have certain momentum and so that assurance fuel fully mixes effectively with oxidant burn.High momentum also causes combustion reaction products more effectively to propagate in whole stove to conduct heat to the smelting furnace furnace charge.Momentum is the product of quality and speed.The oxidant that oxygen concentration surpasses the oxygen concentration of air has the quality that is lower than air on the basis of equivalent oxygen molecule.For example, about 70% quality that has the air of the quantity that oxygen concentration be 30% oxidant fluid of (with the mole percent metering) will have the oxidisability equivalence.Therefore, in order to keep essential momentum, the speed of combustion reaction, that is, the fuel of combustion reaction and/or the speed of oxidant must be correspondingly higher.
Therefore, the object of the present invention is to provide a kind of improved staged-combustion method, wherein fuel and oxidant burn in the combustion reaction with essential momentum, and prevent that furnace charge is harmful to combustion reaction products and contact, and still guarantee the good heat transfer from the combustion reaction to the furnace charge simultaneously.
Summary of the invention
An aspect of of the present present invention is to carry out the method for burning, comprising:
(A) be no more than stoichiometry be 70% stoichiometry recently in the smelting furnace that comprises furnace charge (some place above furnace charge) inject fuel and once oxidation agent, described once oxidation agent is to comprise a kind of fluid of mole percent at least 50% oxygen, and described fuel and once oxidation agent are injected in the smelting furnace with 100 feet of per seconds or littler speed;
(B) in smelting furnace combust fuel and once oxidation agent to produce heat and to comprise the combustion reaction products of unburned fuel;
(C) above the decanting point of fuel and once oxidation agent, with 100 feet of per seconds or littler speed the secondary oxidation agent is injected in the stove, described secondary oxidation agent is to comprise a kind of fluid of mole percent at least 50% oxygen;
(D) setting up the gas blanket that is rich in fuel near the furnace charge place, the described gas blanket that is rich in fuel is stronger than secondary oxidation agent to the reproducibility of furnace charge; And
(E) burning secondary oxidation agent and unburned fuel are to provide extra heat and combustion reaction products in smelting furnace.
Another aspect of the present invention is the method that is used to carry out burning, and it comprises:
(A) be no more than stoichiometry be 70% stoichiometry recently in the smelting furnace that comprises furnace charge (some place above furnace charge) inject fuel and once oxidation agent, described once oxidation agent is to comprise a kind of fluid of mole percent at least 50% oxygen, and described fuel and once oxidation agent are injected in the stove with 100 feet of per seconds or littler speed;
(B) in smelting furnace combust fuel and once oxidation agent to produce heat and to comprise the combustion reaction products of unburned fuel;
(C) below the decanting point of fuel and once oxidation agent, in stove, inject the secondary oxidation agent with 100 feet of per seconds or littler speed, described secondary oxidation agent is to comprise a kind of fluid of mole percent at least 50% oxygen;
(D) setting up the gas blanket that is rich in oxygen near the furnace charge place, the described gas blanket that is rich in oxygen is stronger than smelting furnace internal combustion product to the oxidisability of furnace charge; And
(E) burning secondary oxidation agent and unburned fuel are to provide extra heat and combustion reaction products in smelting furnace.
One or more in carbon dioxide and the steam represented in term " completing combustion product " as used herein.
One or more in carbon monoxide, hydrogen, carbon and the partially combusted hydrocarbon represented in term " imperfect combustion product " as used herein.
Term " unburned fuel " expression comprises the product that do not experience burnt fuel, non-complete combustion of fuel and in their mixture one or more as used herein.
As used herein term " stoichiometry " expression be used for combustion purpose oxygen and the ratio of fuel.Represent to exist than the existing fuel requisite oxygen of completing combustion tolerance oxygen still less less than 100% stoichiometric proportion, that is, be rich in the state of fuel.Represent to exist than the more oxygen of clean-burning fuel requisite oxygen tolerance greater than 100% stoichiometric proportion, that is, and the state of excessive oxygen.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the simplification cross section diagram of one embodiment of the present of invention, and wherein the gas blanket above furnace charge is a reproducibility.
Fig. 2 is the simplification cross section diagram of one embodiment of the present of invention, and wherein the gas blanket above furnace charge is an oxidisability.
The specific embodiment
Now describe the present invention in detail referring to accompanying drawing, accompanying drawing illustrates industrial furnace 1, and industrial furnace 1 comprises furnace charge 2.In putting into practice process of the present invention, can use by any industrial furnace of one or more burner heating or one or more district of industrial furnace.The example of this stove comprises that wherein furnace charge is the steel reheating furnace of steel, and wherein furnace charge is the aluminium smelting furnace of aluminium, and wherein furnace charge comprises that glass makes the glass-melting furnace of material, and wherein furnace charge comprises the cement kiln of cement.
Preferred embodiment is the furnace charge that is easy to oxidation or reduction when in the smelting furnace burning taking place under the condition that comes into force.The particularly preferred example that is easy to oxidation is a kind ofly to comprise the iron that is its reduction form or be mixed with furnace charge such as the iron that is its reduction form of the such carbonaceous material of coke or charcoal.Be easy to reduce or particularly preferred example that redox changes is a kind of furnace charge that is comprising through the melten glass of oxidation.
Such as in smelting furnace 1, providing fuel 6 and once oxidation agent 7 at point 3 places above the furnace charge 2 by burner 4.Fuel with the once oxidation agent with the premixed state individually or be injected in the smelting furnace 1.Fuel and once oxidation agent can be provided in the smelting furnace 1 by a plurality of burners.In putting into practice process of the present invention, can adopt any suitable oxy-fuel combustion device.Be used to put into practice a kind of particularly preferred oxy-fuel combustion device of the present invention and be disclosed fuel injection burner in No. the 5th, 411,395, people's such as Kobayashi United States Patent (USP), this patent is attached to herein by reference.
Fuel can be any gas or other fluid that comprises combustible, and it can burn in the combustion zone of stove.In such fuel, can mention natural gas, coke-stove gas, propane, methane and oil.
The once oxidation agent is that oxygen concentration is percent by volume at least 50% oxygen, and preferably percent by volume is the fluid of at least 90% oxygen.It is 99.5% or higher commercial pure oxygen that the once oxidation agent can be oxygen concentration.
In smelting furnace 1, provide fuel and once oxidation agent with specific flow rates, make the stoichiometric proportion of oxygen and fuel less than 70% and preferably in the scope of 5% to 50% stoichiometry percentage.
Fuel and once oxidation agent are injected in the smelting furnace 1 with 100 feet (fps) of per second or littler speed.Preferably, provide fuel with 50 to 100fps speed.Preferably, provide the once oxidation agent with 2 to 50fps speed.Give combustion reactant essential low-momentum with respect to these lower speed of prior art practice.Fuel and once oxidation agent in combustion reaction 5 in smelting furnace 1 internal combustion to produce heat and combustion reaction products.Combustion reaction products can comprise the completing combustion product, but owing to limit stoichiometric oxygen and fuel ratio, then combustion reaction products will comprise unburned fuel.The imperfect combustion of fuel and once oxidation agent makes the burning of fuel and once oxidation agent proceed under a temperature that significantly is lower than the temperature that burning should have, thereby has reduced the tendency that NOx forms.Because not exclusively mix and short residence time during combustion reaction, combustion reaction products also can comprise some remnant oxygen, but concentration of oxygen also might be zero in the combustion reaction products.
In embodiments of the invention shown in Figure 1,, on point 3, provide secondary oxidation agent 8 in the direction smelting furnace 1 by spray gun 10 in order on the furnace charge surface, to set up the reducing gas layer.Preferably, in this embodiment, the secondary oxidation agent is injected in the smelting furnace than 3 a farther some place at distance furnace charge 2 upper surfaces.The secondary oxidation agent can from fuel and once oxidation agent vertically the top point or be provided in the smelting furnace from the point that departs from vertical direction (such as with miter angle at the most).
In embodiments of the invention shown in Figure 2,, in 3 times direction smelting furnaces 1 of point, provide secondary oxidation agent 8 by spray gun 10 in order on the furnace charge surface, to set up into the oxidizing gas layer.Preferably, in this embodiment, the secondary oxidation agent is injected in the smelting furnace at the upper surface of furnace charge 2 and the some place between the point 3.The secondary oxidation agent can from fuel and once oxidation agent vertically the below point or be provided in the smelting furnace from the point that departs from vertical direction (such as with miter angle at the most).
The secondary oxidation agent be oxygen concentration for represent with mole percent at least 50%, be preferably the form of at least 90% fluid.The secondary oxidation agent can be commercial pure oxygen.Secondary oxidation agent 8 is with 100fps or lower speed and be preferably in the speed of 50 to 100fps scopes or even be low to moderate the speed of 20fps to 50fps and be provided in the smelting furnace 1.Put into practice the present invention importantly oxidant have than the remarkable higher oxygen concentration of the oxygen concentration of air.For the fuel consumption of specified rate, the volume of gas of passing smelting furnace is along with the oxygen concentration of oxidant increases and reduces.Thisly put into practice the low volume flux of required speed by smelting furnace with fractional combustion of the present invention and make and to set up gas blanket that described gas blanket has the composition that is different from the inclusion in the smelting furnace remainder near furnace charge.
The oxygen concentration of secondary oxidation agent gas blanket 9 surpasses the oxygen concentration of combustion reaction 5 internal combustion product.Although in practice of the present invention, can use any suitable oxygen lance that the secondary oxidation agent is injected in the stove, preferably use United States Patent (USP) the 5th people such as K0bayashi, 295, gas disclosed in No. 816 injects spray gun the secondary oxidation agent is injected in the smelting furnace, and this patent is integrated into herein by reference.
With certain flow rate the secondary oxidation agent is provided in the smelting furnace, makes when it adds the once oxidation agent to, with fuel formation at least 90% and the stoichiometric proportion in 100 to 110% scopes preferably.When the stoichiometric proportion of once oxidation agent and secondary oxidation agent and fuel less than 100% the time, can provide all the other required oxygen of completing combustion of realizing fuel in the smelting furnace by penetration air (infiltrating air).Preferably, the ratio of momentum of fuel and once oxidation agent stream and secondary oxidation agent stream is about 1.0, but also can accept to be different from 1 the value of dispersing, such as in 0.3 to 3.0 scope or littler ratio of momentum.
The heat radiation that in combustion reaction 5, is generated to furnace charge with the heating furnace charge.By carrying out complicated radiation interaction with furnace gases and wall on every side, and these heat of the reaction of spontaneous combustion in the future 5 directly or indirectly are radiated furnace charge.Heat seldom passes to furnace charge by the convection current in the high-temperature smelting pot from combustion reaction.
In embodiments of the invention shown in Figure 1, because the position of secondary oxidation agent place is provided in smelting furnace, form relative reducibility gas layer, if the reducibility gas layer interacts with mode different with the interaction that will take place and furnace charge 2 relatively under the uniform situation of furnace atmosphere.In embodiments of the invention shown in Figure 2, because the position of secondary oxidation agent place is provided in smelting furnace, form relative oxidizing gas layer, if the oxidizing gas layer interacts with mode different with the interaction that will take place and furnace charge 2 relatively under the uniform situation of furnace atmosphere.
Downstream in combustion reaction 5, the secondary oxidation agent will mix with unburned fuel, in the zone in smelting furnace 1 11, thereby in embodiments of the invention shown in Figure 1, be used for preventing the secondary oxidation agent directly with the oxidizable components of furnace charge interact (reacting), perhaps in embodiments of the invention shown in Figure 2, be used for preventing unburnt product directly with the reducible component of furnace charge directly interact (reacting), in order to finishing fuel combustion, and in order to extra heat and combustion reaction products to be provided in smelting furnace.
Combustion reaction products in the smelting furnace 1 is discharged by the flue port that is arranged in the cool region of smelting furnace substantially so that maximization smelting furnace fuel efficiency.When the present invention was used for having the district of smelting furnace in a plurality of districts, combustion reaction products can be discharged to proximity.The height of flue port also can influence the degree of furnace atmosphere layering.Preferably, never be in some place that the point of fuel and once oxidation agent 3 belows are provided in smelting furnace, such as from flue 12, the combustion reaction products of discharging the described smelting furnace from smelting furnace 1.

Claims (13)

1. method that is used to carry out burning comprises:
(A) inject stoichiometric proportion to be no more than stoichiometry percentage be 70% fuel and once oxidation agent at the some place in the smelting furnace that comprises furnace charge, above furnace charge, described once oxidation agent is to comprise that mole percent is a kind of fluid of at least 50% oxygen, and described fuel and once oxidation agent all are injected in the described smelting furnace with 100 feet of per seconds or littler speed;
(B) in described smelting furnace combust fuel and once oxidation agent to produce heat and to comprise the combustion reaction products of unburned fuel;
(C) with 100 feet of per seconds or littler speed the secondary oxidation agent is injected in the described smelting furnace above the decanting point of fuel and once oxidation agent, described secondary oxidation agent is to comprise that mole percent is a kind of fluid of at least 50% oxygen;
(D) set up the gas blanket that is rich in fuel near described furnace charge, the described gas blanket that is rich in fuel is stronger than secondary oxidation agent to the reproducibility of described furnace charge; And
(E) burning secondary oxidation agent and unburned fuel are to provide extra heat and combustion reaction products in described smelting furnace.
2. method according to claim 1, wherein fuel and once oxidation agent are that stoichiometric proportion in 5% to 50% the scope is injected in the described smelting furnace with stoichiometry percentage.
3. method according to claim 1 is wherein regained combustion reaction products at some place that is not in described smelting furnace below the point that injects fuel and once oxidation agent from described smelting furnace.
4. method according to claim 1, wherein said furnace charge comprises oxidizable material.
5. method according to claim 1, wherein said furnace charge comprise and are the iron that it goes back ortho states fully.
6. method according to claim 5, wherein said furnace charge also comprises coke or charcoal.
7. method according to claim 1 wherein being enough to the providing flow rate of oxygen that the secondary oxidation agent is provided in smelting furnace, thereby making and is injected into once oxidation agent in the described smelting furnace and the stoichiometric proportion of secondary oxidation agent and fuel is at least 90%.
8. method that is used to carry out burning, it comprises:
(A) the some place in the smelting furnace that comprises furnace charge, above described furnace charge, injecting stoichiometric proportion, to be no more than stoichiometry percentage be 70% fuel and once oxidation agent, described once oxidation agent is to comprise a kind of fluid of mole percent at least 50% oxygen, and described fuel and once oxidation agent all are injected in the described smelting furnace with 100 feet of per seconds or littler speed;
(B) in described smelting furnace combust fuel and once oxidation agent to produce heat and to comprise the combustion reaction products of unburned fuel;
(C) with 100 feet of per seconds or littler speed the secondary oxidation agent is injected in the described smelting furnace below fuel and once oxidation agent decanting point, described secondary oxidation agent is to comprise a kind of fluid of mole percent at least 50% oxygen;
(D) set up the gas blanket that is rich in oxygen near described furnace charge, the described gas blanket that is rich in oxygen is stronger than the described combustion reaction products in the described smelting furnace to the oxidisability of described furnace charge; And
(E) burning secondary oxidation agent and unburned fuel are to provide extra heat and combustion reaction products in described smelting furnace.
9. method according to claim 8, wherein fuel and once oxidation agent are that stoichiometric proportion in 5% to 50% scope is injected in the described smelting furnace with stoichiometry percentage.
10. method according to claim 8 wherein be not in described smelting furnace some place below the point that injects fuel and once oxidation agent from described smelting furnace withdrawal combustion reaction products.
11. method according to claim 8, wherein said furnace charge comprises oxidizable material.
12. method according to claim 8, wherein said furnace charge comprises melten glass.
13. method according to claim 8, wherein being enough to the providing flow rate of oxygen that the secondary oxidation agent is provided in described smelting furnace, thereby making and be injected into once oxidation agent in the described smelting furnace and the stoichiometric proportion of secondary oxidation agent and described fuel is at least 90%.
CN200880022683A 2007-06-29 2008-06-19 Low velocity staged combustion for furnace atmosphere control Pending CN101688662A (en)

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CN110093190A (en) * 2019-06-17 2019-08-06 北京迈未科技有限公司 A kind of combined gasifying burner and its application method

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WO2009038849A2 (en) 2009-03-26
US20090004611A1 (en) 2009-01-01
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MX2009013787A (en) 2010-01-26

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