CN101686106A - Self-adaptive forward error correction (FEC) method, device and system - Google Patents
Self-adaptive forward error correction (FEC) method, device and system Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN101686106A CN101686106A CN200810223805A CN200810223805A CN101686106A CN 101686106 A CN101686106 A CN 101686106A CN 200810223805 A CN200810223805 A CN 200810223805A CN 200810223805 A CN200810223805 A CN 200810223805A CN 101686106 A CN101686106 A CN 101686106A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- error correction
- forward error
- network
- transmission
- data
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Images
Landscapes
- Data Exchanges In Wide-Area Networks (AREA)
Abstract
The present invention provides a self-adaptive forward error correction (FEC) method, a device and a system, wherein, the self-adaptive FEC method comprises steps of obtaining data of the quality of acurrent transmission network and determining an FEC strategy according to the data of the quality of the current transmission network, expectant transmission quality data and selected parameters having influences on network transmission content quality. The self-adaptive FEC device comprises an obtaining module for obtaining the data of the quality of the current transmission network; a strategydetermining module for determining an FEC strategy according to the data of the quality of the current transmission network, expectant transmission quality data and selected parameters having influences on network transmission content quality. The present invention also provides a self-adaptive FEC system. According to the invention, because influence of parameters having influences on network transmission content quality is considered in the selecting process of an FEC strategy, the FEC effect can be improved.
Description
Technical field
The embodiment of the invention relates to technical field of data transmission, particularly a kind of methods, devices and systems of adaptive forward error correction.
Background technology
In communication network based on packet, especially Internet protocol (the Internet Protocol that does not have the service quality that is guaranteed, IP) in the network, suffer indefinite quantity data packet loss through regular meeting during transfer of data, the reason of data-bag lost is a lot, for example may be that bit error causes in router or data segment overload, the packet; In the Streaming Media transmission, particularly in the transmission of Ya Suo video data, be subjected to the influence of data-bag lost very big.
In the technical scheme that the implementation data bag recovers, can utilize re-transmission, forward error correction (ForwardError Correction, hereinafter to be referred as FEC) or the method that combines with forward error correction of re-transmission come recovery data packets, but for streaming media service, its requirement to real-time is very high, especially under the situation of live, multicast, fast forwarding and fast rewinding pattern and video calling, adopt the mode that retransmits to solve the packet loss problem and have significant limitation.In the prior art, FEC is the data that comprised in the packet that redundant information recovers to be damaged, to be dropped or lose by sending, this redundant information can be received device and be used for the data of reconstruction of lost, therefore, FEC can provide than retransmitting faster data and recover, and do not need receive channel, FEC is particularly suitable for the Streaming Media transmission.
The FEC technology can be divided into static FEC technology and adaptive forward error correction (Adapted Forward ErrorCorrection is hereinafter to be referred as AFEC) technology.In wireless network, use the FEC technology to become the active research field that wireless video is used, the characteristics of FEC are suitable for multicast exactly, and FEC does not need to carry out alternately with video encoder, and therefore, FEC can be applicable to any video coding technique and program request and live video.But owing to be unmatched between the amount of redundancy that Internet resources and static FEC algorithm are added, and amount of redundancy will consume the finite bandwidth of wireless network, and static FEC algorithm might reduce performance rate.
With respect to static FEC technology, adaptive forward error correction (Adapted Forward ErrorCorrection, hereinafter to be referred as AFEC) technology more helps improving network performance, and all AFEC technology all need to feed back to be estimated the available network bandwidth to feed back and revise amount of redundancy then based on this.Feedback can be explicit, control protocol report in the time of strictly according to the facts, or implicit expression, as use wireless generator bottom newspaper to retransmit.Generally speaking, when the network condition difference, increase the number of redundant packets that will send, when network condition is excellent, only need to send a spot of redundancy packet; More than do not consider the influence of transmission content character to FEC, as the influence to FEC of data packet length, speed bit stream and media coding technology, thereby make for same block length to be the difference transmission content of k, the strategy that FEC adopts is identical.
The inventor finds that there are the following problems at least for prior art in realizing process of the present invention: existing error correction method all is the adaptive FEC algorithm that comes from link layer, briefly is exactly: condition is good, reduces redundant; Condition is bad, increases redundant.But in the length difference of application layer data bag, its packet loss can not be equal to the bit error rate of link layer, especially concerning video, and under different scenes, different bags, different coded systems all has different influences to video quality.In sum, in the prior art in error correction procedure only at the network parameter adjustment, and do not consider concrete transmission content character.
Summary of the invention
The embodiment of the invention is at the shortcoming of only not considering concrete transmission content character in the existing forward error correction process at network parameter, and a kind of methods, devices and systems of adaptive forward error correction are provided.
The one side of the embodiment of the invention provides a kind of method of adaptive forward error correction, comprising:
Obtain current transmission network qualitative data;
Determine the forward error correction strategy according to the transmission quality data of described current transmission network qualitative data, expection and the selected parameter that influences the Network Transmission content quality.
The embodiment of the invention provides a kind of device of adaptive forward error correction on the other hand, comprising:
Acquisition module is used to obtain current transmission network qualitative data;
The strategy determination module is used for determining the forward error correction strategy according to the transmission quality data of described current transmission network qualitative data, expection and the selected parameter that influences the Network Transmission content quality.
The one side again of the embodiment of the invention provides a kind of self-adaptive FEC system, comprising:
The adaptive forward error correction device is used to obtain current transmission network qualitative data, and determines the forward error correction strategy according to the transmission quality data of described current transmission network qualitative data, expection and the selected parameter that influences the Network Transmission content quality;
The adaptive forward error correction encoder is used for according to the forward error correction strategy that described adaptive forward error correction device is determined data being encoded, and generates redundancy packet.
The methods, devices and systems of the adaptive forward error correction that the embodiment of the invention provides, take into account by the factor that when selecting forward error correction, will influence the Network Transmission content quality, make the forward error correction of selecting adapt to the real network situation more, can improve the forward error correction effect.
Description of drawings
In order to be illustrated more clearly in the embodiment of the invention or technical scheme of the prior art, to do to introduce simply to the accompanying drawing of required use in embodiment or the description of the Prior Art below, apparently, accompanying drawing in describing below only is some embodiments of the present invention, for those of ordinary skills, under the prerequisite of not paying creative work, can also obtain other accompanying drawing according to these accompanying drawings.
Fig. 1 is the schematic flow sheet of the method embodiment one of adaptive forward error correction of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the schematic flow sheet of the method embodiment two of adaptive forward error correction of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is the system architecture diagram of a specific embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 4 is the schematic flow sheet of a specific embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 5 is the schematic flow sheet of the method embodiment three of adaptive forward error correction of the present invention;
Fig. 6 is the structural representation of the device embodiment one of adaptive forward error correction of the present invention;
Fig. 7 is the structural representation of the device embodiment two of adaptive forward error correction of the present invention;
Fig. 8 is the structural representation of the device embodiment three of adaptive forward error correction of the present invention;
Fig. 9 is the structural representation of self-adaptive FEC system embodiment of the present invention.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with the accompanying drawing in the embodiment of the invention, the technical scheme in the embodiment of the invention is clearly and completely described, obviously, described embodiment only is the present invention's part embodiment, rather than whole embodiment.Based on the embodiment among the present invention, those of ordinary skills belong to the scope of protection of the invention not making the every other embodiment that is obtained under the creative work prerequisite.
The embodiment of the invention provides a kind of the QoS parameter of transmission network and transmission content has been combined the method that is applied to adaptive forward error correction, Fig. 1 is the schematic flow sheet of the method embodiment one of adaptive forward error correction of the present invention, as shown in Figure 1, comprise the steps:
In the process of selecting the forward error correction strategy, consider to influence the parameter of Network Transmission content quality in the present embodiment, more reasonable, the more realistic Network Transmission situation of forward error correction strategy that makes selection, the effect of forward error correction will be more obvious.
Current transmission network qualitative data in the foregoing description can for the current service quality (Qualityof Service, hereinafter to be referred as QoS) parameter, qos parameter can feed back by the receiving terminal feedback or by network node; The parameter that influences the Network Transmission content quality includes but not limited to that host-host protocol, error diffusion, decoder error are hidden, the packing strategy of packet, picture group are arranged these parameters.
The method of the adaptive forward error correction that the embodiment of the invention provides, when selecting error correction strategies, consider the character of Network Transmission content, parameters such as host-host protocol, packing strategy in estimation, have been considered to transmission quality, can select suitable forward error correction strategy, improve the effect of forward error correction, can be applied in the error correcting technique of network data transmission, especially the transmission technique field of video data stream.
Fig. 2 is the schematic flow sheet of the method embodiment two of adaptive forward error correction of the present invention, and as shown in Figure 2, this method comprises the steps:
In the present embodiment is after getting access to current transmission network qualitative data, by calculating in the selected parameter that influences the Network Transmission content quality, the heterogeneous networks qualitative data, the transmission quality data that adopt different forward error correction strategies to reach, then according to current transmission network qualitative data, the transmission quality data of expection are selected the forward error correction strategy from above-mentioned result of calculation (being the transmission quality data), this selection course can for: when Network Transmission qualitative data one regularly, forward error correction strategy and transmission quality data are to concern one to one, for example adopt A, B, Network Transmission qualitative data during three error correction strategies of C (can be the average frame spoilage) is respectively 3%, 2%, 0.5%, if the transmission quality data of expection are less than 1%, then select error correction strategies C.
In above-mentioned implementation process, also can be the step of calculating earlier, set up the mapping relations of network quality data, forward error correction strategy and transmission quality data in advance, and then obtain current transmission network qualitative data and carry out policy selection.
Fig. 3 is the system architecture diagram of a specific embodiment of the present invention, as shown in Figure 3, system based on IPTV comprises that at transmitting terminal video encoding module 11, data encapsulation module 12, FEC encoder 13 and FEC select adjusting module 14, opposite side in IP network, be receiving terminal, comprise fec decoder device 15, player 16 and network QoS statistical module 17.Wherein 11 pairs of videos of video encoding module are encoded, bit stream data behind 12 pairs of video codings of data encapsulation module encapsulates, transmit as loading on the network of host-host protocol with the form of packet then, IPTV is mainly by two kinds of transmission meanss: TS over IP and Native RTP over IP; FEC selects adjusting module 14 by obtaining the parameter that influences video quality from media video coding module 11 and data encapsulation module 12, calculates under the heterogeneous networks quality, the video quality that adopts different FEC strategies to reach; Then by the next information of receiving terminal feedback, estimate the variation of network quality, adjust the FEC strategy, FEC encoder 13 is exactly to encode according to the strategy that FEC selects adjusting module 14 to provide, be transferred to receiving terminal by IP network, the fec decoder device 15 of receiving terminal can recover the packet lose according to the forward error correction strategy, carry out video playback by player 16 at last, also be provided with network QoS statistical module 17 at receiving terminal, can obtain the qos parameter of transmission network, the network state that particularly can distinguish FEC coding front and back changes, and this module can also be arranged on the network node.
Fig. 4 is the schematic flow sheet of a specific embodiment of the present invention, as shown in Figure 4, comprising:
The wherein above-mentioned parameter that influences video quality has multiple combination, can select according to concrete condition, does not consider error concealing in the present embodiment, selects following parameter:
A, picture group (GOP) are arranged and picture group (GOP) length;
B, error diffusion, when video sequence is arranged according to GOP, each GOP begins with the I frame, comprises several P frames, B frame afterwards continuously.Losing of I frame data bag can be diffused into whole GOP, and losing the mistake of bringing and will exerting an influence to subsequent frame of P frame data bag suppresses at first up to next GOP, and there is not error diffusion in the B frame;
H.264 C, host-host protocol and packing strategy can adopt among coding, Native RTP host-host protocol and the RFC3984 NALU to the mapping ruler (not considering AggregationPackets) of RTP in the present embodiment;
In addition, only consider average packet loss ratio during the network QoS parameter obtained in the present embodiment, Network Transmission largest unit (Maximum Transmission Unit) MTU is 1500B.
Be exactly in the present embodiment, consider in different average packet loss ratio, adopt H.264 coding and Real-time Transport Protocol, under the situation of the referring-to relation of considering I, P, B frame and GOP arrangement, different FEC strategies is to the influence of video quality.How following specific description sets up this mapping relations:
A, cycle tests: the sample_h264_1mbit.mp4 that provides with Darwin is a cycle tests, wherein surveys I frame average length 13333B, P frame average length 4367B, B frame average length 1961B; The RTP mean size is 1046B, RTP number 5964; GOP length 60, its internal arrangement are { I
1, P
1, B
1, P
2, B
2... ... and P
29, B
29, P
30;
B, by average packet loss ratio derivation frame spoilage:
Definition frame spoilage (P at first
f), in the packet of component frame, there is one or more packet to damage: P
f=1-(1-PER)
(packet number of frame), paket number offrame wherein represents average frame length, PER represents packet loss; By the average frame length and the MTU of I frame, P frame, B frame, can obtain P respectively then
I, P
pAnd P
B
C, calculating average frame spoilage:
Define average spoilage and equal total frame and damage desired value divided by GOP length, wherein, total frame damages desired value and equals that the spoilage of every frame and its are influenced frame number and multiply each other; With these desired value additions, just obtain the total frame of whole GOP and damage desired value after obtaining this frame to damage desired value, table 1 is that each frame damages desired value among the GOP;
| Frame | Frame damages desired value | Frame | Frame damages desired value |
| ??I 1 | ??60×P I | ||
| ??P 1 | ??59×(1-P I)P PP | ??B 1 | ??(1-P I)(1-P P)(1-P P)P B |
| ??P 2 | ??58×(1-P I)(1-P P)P P | ??B 2 | ??(1-P I)(1-P P) 3P B |
| ??P 3 | ??56×(1-P I)(1-P P)(1-P P)P P | ??B 3 | ??(1-P I)(1-P P) 4P B |
| ??P i | ??(62-2×i)(1-P I)(1-P P) (i-1)P P | ??B i | ??(1-P I)(1-P P) (i+1)P B |
| ??P 30 | ??2×(1-P I)(1-P P) 29P P | ??B 29 | ??(1-P I)(1-P P) 30P B |
Table 1
D, consider the influence of FEC to the average frame spoilage:
The FEC encoder increases t extra bag to packaged packet in every k the bag, in k+t bag, as long as the packet loss number can both be recovered in t.K all correct probability of bag is all correct probability of each bag, adds the probability of a lucky t packet loss.With probability calculation, the frame spoilage can be with the correct probability calculation of whole group, after again with the bag number of frame divided by k.
E, draw at the heterogeneous networks qualitative data, the video quality (average frame spoilage) that adopts different FEC strategies to reach, table 2 is under the heterogeneous networks state, the video quality that different FEC strategies reach,
Table 3 is under the heterogeneous networks, different FEC strategies and video quality mapping relations.
| ??PER | ??1×10 -1 | ??5×10 -2 | ??3×10 -2 | ??1×10 -2 | ??5×10 -3 | ??3×10 -3 |
| The average frame spoilage | ??98.67％ | ??94.18％ | ??86.69％ | ??56.15％ | ??35.23％ | ??23.36％ |
| ??PER | ??1×10 -3 | ??5×10 -4 | ??3×10 -4 | ??1×10 -4 | ??1×10 -5 | |
| The average frame spoilage | ??8.65％ | ??4.46％ | ??2.70％ | ??0.91％ | ??0.09％ |
Table 2
Table 3
In the present embodiment, obtain the network QoS parameter of transmission network, this parameter comprises carries out the forward and backward different average packet loss ratio of FEC, from above-mentioned result of calculation, determine the forward error correction strategy according to the transmission quality data of current network qos parameter and expection then, concrete is under the situation that average packet loss ratio is determined, selects to satisfy the FEC strategy of the transmission quality data correspondence of expecting.
Step 3041, judge whether receiving terminal reaches the video quality of expection,, forward step 3042 to if reach the expection expectation, otherwise, forward step 3043 to;
Step 3042, basis are carried out the forward and backward packet loss of FEC, judge whether to reduce redundancy, if can, then reduce redundancy, promptly select to have the FEC strategy of less amount of redundancy, otherwise, finish adjustment process;
Step 3043, judge whether transmitting terminal has redundancy bandwidth,, then increase redundantly, promptly select to have the FEC strategy of big amount of redundancy, otherwise forward step 3044 to if having;
Step 3044, judgement are not increasing under the redundant situation, whether can change the source block size of FEC coding, if can, then increase the source block size; Otherwise need take additive method to handle.
Wherein, the additive method of mentioning in the step 3044 is meant the method beyond the FEC, as changing the medium frame number, changes media quality grade etc.
A specific embodiment: the video quality of supposing expection is that packet loss is less than 1 * 10
-4, promptly the average frame spoilage is less than 1%, and corresponding relation sees Table lattice 2; Network QoS parameter by feedback can obtain that packet loss is 3 * 10 before the FEC
-2, packet loss is 6 * 10 behind the FEC
-3, the FEC strategy that adopts is FEC (15,16) at present, wherein (15,16) are illustrated in increases extra packet, i.e. a redundant data packets in per 15 packets; By FEC strategy and video quality mapping relations in the form 3, obtain at packet loss 3 * 10
-2Under the situation, if make the average frame spoilage less than desired value 1%, the FEC strategy that needs is FEC (13,16), has 3 redundant data packets.
In the present embodiment, when selecting the forward error correction strategy, consider current network conditions, this current network condition not only comprises the network QoS parameter of receiving terminal feedback, but also comprise and judge whether to have redundancy bandwidth, consider the characteristic of Network Transmission content simultaneously, can select the forward error correction strategy that is more suitable for, improve the error correction effect.
The network QoS parameter is the average packet loss ratio of selecting in a period of time in the above-described embodiment, and in the practical IP network, sometimes can not reflect the actual packet loss characteristic of network fully with average packet loss ratio, so the number of times (loss period) that adopts the continuous packet loss length (lossdistance) that proposes among the RFC3357 in the present embodiment and lose incident is measured the missing mode of single channel data packets for transmission.
According to gilbert (Gilbert) model, can access
Wherein, π
0Be expressed as average packet loss ratio, π
1Be expressed as average arrival rate, represent the next losing probability that wraps when previous bag has reached with p, and q represent the probability of not losing of next bag when previous bag has reached, p
kThe probability-distribution function that length is k is lost in expression continuously.
In concrete the application, can obtain p, q value according to the network measure data of reality, for example can utilize the method for losing the distribution of lengths statistics.Use m
i(i=1,2 ..., n-1) the continuous packet loss length of expression is the number of times of the incident of losing of i, n-1 is the maximum of continuous packet loss length, uses m
0The bag number that expression is not lost, then p and q are expressed as respectively:
In the present embodiment, be to utilize the statistical method lose distribution of lengths, can be comprehensively for the previous period network measure data, carry out the assessment of network state, receiving terminal not only needs to feed back average packet loss ratio, but also will feed back the length and the number of times of continuous packet loss incident.
In addition, according to p
k=(1-q)
K-1To losing the probability-distribution function that length is k continuously, can assess the number of continuous packet loss in the network and the probability of generation among the q, thereby realize adjustment the FEC strategy.
When under estimating the heterogeneous networks qualitative data, adopting different FEC strategies in the foregoing description to the influencing of video quality, what use is that current average packet loss ratio is calculated the influence of FEC to the average frame spoilage, also can at first estimate the average packet loss ratio π after using different FEC strategies under the current transmission network qualitative data in specific implementation process
v, calculate of the influence of FEC strategy according to this packet loss again to the average frame spoilage.In this case, consider in different average packet loss ratio, adopt H.264 coding and Real-time Transport Protocol, under the situation of the referring-to relation of considering I, P, B frame and GOP arrangement, different FEC strategies can be set up as follows to the mapping relations of the influence of video quality:
A, cycle tests of selection: the sample_h264_1mbit.mp4 that provides with Darwin is a cycle tests, wherein surveys I frame average length 13333B, P frame average length 4367B, B frame average length 1961B; The RTP mean size is 1046B, RTP number 5964; GOP length 60, its internal arrangement are { I
1, P
1, B
1, P
2, B
2... ... and P
29, B
29, P
30;
B, according to Gilbert model, obtain current average packet loss ratio π and average packet loss length alpha by RTCP feedback or some network measure data.Estimate the recovery effects that different FEC strategies reaches on this basis, promptly obtain FEC packet loss π afterwards
v
C, at new packet loss π
vDown, average length and the MTU by I frame, P frame, B frame calculates each frame spoilage;
D, calculate the average frame spoilage of whole GOP, wherein, total frame damages desired value and equals that the spoilage of every frame and its are influenced frame number and multiply each other; After obtaining this frame to damage desired value,, just obtain the total frame of whole GOP and damage desired value these desired value additions;
E, draw under the heterogeneous networks state video quality that different FEC strategies reach (average frame spoilage).
It among the embodiment that above-mentioned steps provides the influence of when calculating packet loss, considering the FEC strategy.
In the above-described embodiment, all estimated out under different network quality data the video quality that adopts different FEC strategies to reach, set up a kind of tabular mapping relations before the FEC strategy is adjusted, adjusting tables look-up according to current network conditions at every turn gets final product.In concrete implementation process, also can not set up this kind relation, but in the needs adjustment by calculating the average packet loss ratio π that uses in the required FEC strategy present embodiment in the foregoing description
v, and set up average frame spoilage and FEC packet loss π afterwards
vFunctional relation P
Gop(k, n)=f (π (k, n)), the method by iteration in certain F EC strategy scope, calculate the average frame spoilage that can arrive both provisioning requests (k, n), (k n) is illustrated in and increases t redundant data packets in k the packet, obtains n the datagram of transmitting.
Fig. 5 is the schematic flow sheet of the method embodiment three of adaptive forward error correction of the present invention, comprises following step as shown in Figure 5:
Then, select the FEC strategy, specifically can be divided into according to the current network qos parameter:
Average packet loss ratio before the FEC of step 405, acquisition receiving terminal feedback according to current FEC strategy, according to a kind of FEC strategy under the redundancy selective sequential from small to large, has judged whether enough redundancy bandwidth, if having, estimates FEC average packet loss ratio π afterwards
v, calculate the average frame spoilage, judge whether to reach the video quality of expection, if produce a desired effect, finish to select this flow process; If do not reach the video quality of expection, then continue to carry out this step, there are not enough redundancy bandwidth if determine, then adopt other method to handle; Additive method is meant the method beyond the FEC, as changing the medium frame number, changes media quality grade etc.
Average packet loss ratio before the FEC of step 406, acquisition receiving terminal feedback according to current FEC strategy, according to a kind of FEC strategy under the redundancy selective sequential from small to large, is estimated FEC average packet loss ratio π afterwards
v, calculate the average frame spoilage, judge whether to reach the video quality of expection, if produce a desired effect, continue to carry out this step, up to the minimal redundancy FEC strategy that satisfies the video quality requirement, finish to adjust.
A specific embodiment: the sample_h264_1mbit.mp4 that adopts Darwin to provide is a cycle tests, supposes Bao Changwei 500B, and the video quality that need reach is 10%, and the packet loss that obtains before the FEC by feedback information is 3 * 10
-2, the current FEC that do not use selects a kind of FEC strategy (15 down, 16), the average frame spoilage that calculates is 78.2%, does not reach requirement, then continue a kind of FEC strategy (14,16) down, judging has redundancy bandwidth, calculating the average frame spoilage is 24.81%, and still backlog demand continues a kind of FEC strategy (13 down, 16), still have redundancy bandwidth, calculating the average frame spoilage is 2.4%, reach required video quality, finish to calculate.
The embodiment of the invention also provides a kind of device of adaptive forward error correction, Fig. 6 is the structural representation of the device embodiment one of adaptive forward error correction of the present invention, as shown in Figure 6, the device of adaptive forward error correction comprises acquisition module 21 and tactful determination module 22, wherein acquisition module 21 is used to obtain current transmission network qualitative data, and these data can be by receiving terminal or network node feedback; Strategy determination module 22 is used for determining the forward error correction strategy according to the transmission quality data of described current transmission network qualitative data, expection and the selected parameter that influences the Network Transmission content quality.
The device of the adaptive forward error correction in the present embodiment is to have considered to influence the parameter factor of Network Transmission content quality in definite error correction strategies, more helps choosing suitable forward error correction strategy.
Above-mentioned current transmission network qualitative data is the current service mass parameter, and the current service mass parameter can be fed back by the receiving terminal feedback or by network node.The selected parameter that influences the Network Transmission content quality comprises following any one or its combination in the foregoing description: host-host protocol, error diffusion, decoder error are hidden, the packing strategy of packet, picture group are arranged.
Considered a series of parameter that influences the Network Transmission content quality in the present embodiment, prejudged under the heterogeneous networks qualitative data, the effect of using different forward error correction strategies to reach.Therefore behind the QoS parameter that has obtained transmission network, be easy to select suitable forward error correction strategy.
Fig. 7 is the structural representation of the device embodiment two of adaptive forward error correction of the present invention, as shown in Figure 7, in the foregoing description, the device of adaptive forward error correction comprises: acquisition module 31 and tactful determination module 32, wherein tactful determination module 32 can be further divided into first computing unit 321, memory cell 322 and the first policy selection unit 323; Acquisition module 31 is used to obtain current transmission network qualitative data, and these data can be by receiving terminal or network node feedback; First computing unit 321 is used under the selected parameter situation that influences the Network Transmission content quality, transmission quality data when calculating a plurality of network quality data and a plurality of forward error correction strategy and making up respectively, memory cell 322 are used for first computing unit 321 is obtained mapping relations between network quality data, forward error correction strategy and the transmission quality data three; The first policy selection unit 323 is used for selecting the forward error correction strategy according to the transmission quality data of current transmission network qualitative data, expection from memory cell 322.
The device of the adaptive forward error correction that provides in the present embodiment, when selecting the forward error correction strategy, not only consider to reflect the network quality data of current network quality, but also the influence that the difference of considering the Network Transmission content is brought, can choose more suitable forward error correction strategy, concrete selection course is: when one timing of Network Transmission qualitative data, forward error correction strategy and transmission quality data are to concern one to one, for example adopt A, B, Network Transmission quality during three error correction strategies of C (can be the average frame spoilage) is respectively 3%, 2%, 0.5%, if user's expection transmission quality is less than 1%, then select error correction strategies C.
In concrete implementation process, can be by calculating the mapping relations that obtain between network quality data, forward error correction strategy and the transmission quality data by computing unit earlier, obtain current transmission network qualitative data again and select the forward error correction strategy, or obtain current transmission network qualitative data earlier and calculate by first computing unit again.
The structural representation of the device embodiment three of Fig. 8 adaptive forward error correction of the present invention, as shown in Figure 8, the device of adaptive forward error correction comprises: acquisition module 41 and tactful determination module 42, wherein acquisition module 31 is used to obtain current transmission network qualitative data, and these data can be by receiving terminal or network node feedback; Policy selection module 42 comprises judging unit 421, second computing unit 422 and the second policy selection unit 423, and judging unit 421 is used to judge whether described current transmission network qualitative data reaches the transmission quality data of expection; 422 1 kinds of situations of second computing unit are when current transmission network qualitative data does not reach the transmission quality data of expection, according to parameter that influences the Network Transmission content quality and current transmission network qualitative data, the descending order of the redundancy that has according to a plurality of forward error correction strategies calculates the transmission quality data that each forward error correction strategy can reach successively, another kind of situation is when current transmission network qualitative data reaches the transmission quality data of expection, according to parameter that influences the Network Transmission content quality and current transmission network qualitative data, the order from small to large of the redundancy that has according to a plurality of forward error correction strategies is calculated the transmission quality data that each forward error correction strategy can reach successively; The forward error correction strategy of correspondence when the second policy selection unit is selected to satisfy the transmission quality data of expecting under first kind of situation; Perhaps under second kind of situation, select to satisfy the transmission quality data of expection and have the forward error correction strategy of minimal redundancy.
With embodiment illustrated in fig. 7 different be, in a last embodiment, be to precompute the transmission quality data of taking different forward error correction strategies to be reached under the diverse network qualitative data, and set up a mapping table, then after the network quality data according to reality, select the forward error correction strategy to get final product according to the transmission quality data that concrete expection reaches, and in the present embodiment, be after obtaining network quality data, calculate the transmission quality that different forward error correction strategies can be realized successively, meet pre-after date up to transmission quality, just determine the forward error correction strategy.
The embodiment of the invention also provides a kind of self-adaptive FEC system, Fig. 9 is the structural representation of self-adaptive FEC system embodiment of the present invention, as shown in Figure 9, self-adaptive FEC system comprises: adaptive forward error correction device 5 and adaptive forward error correction encoder 6, wherein adaptive forward error correction device 5 is used to obtain current transmission network qualitative data, and determines the forward error correction strategy according to the transmission quality data of described current transmission network qualitative data, expection and the selected parameter that influences the Network Transmission content quality; Adaptive forward error correction encoder 6 is used for according to the forward error correction strategy that described adaptive forward error correction device is determined data being encoded, and generates redundancy packet.
Self-adaptive FEC system in the present embodiment can also comprise network quality data statistical module 7, is used to add up current transmission network qualitative data, and wherein, network quality data statistical module 7 is arranged on receiving terminal or the network node.
Self-adaptive FEC system in the present embodiment is to consider to influence the parameter of current network transmission content quality selecting error correction strategies, can select more effectively forward error correction strategy, is fit to the needs of current network state more.
The methods, devices and systems of the adaptive forward error correction that the embodiment of the invention provided, when selecting the forward error correction strategy, not only consider current network conditions, but also the parameter that will influence the Network Transmission content quality takes into account, make the forward error correction strategy of selecting more can adapt to current network state, improve the effect of forward error correction.
One of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that all or part of flow process that realizes in the foregoing description method, be to instruct relevant hardware to finish by computer program, described program can be stored in the computer read/write memory medium, this program can comprise the flow process as the embodiment of above-mentioned each side method when carrying out.Wherein, described storage medium can be magnetic disc, CD, read-only storage memory body (Read-Only Memory, ROM) or at random store memory body (Random Access Memory, RAM) etc.
It should be noted that at last: above embodiment is only in order to technical scheme of the present invention to be described but not limit it, although the present invention is had been described in detail with reference to preferred embodiment, those of ordinary skill in the art is to be understood that: it still can make amendment or be equal to replacement technical scheme of the present invention, and these modifications or be equal to replacement and also can not make amended technical scheme break away from the spirit and scope of technical solution of the present invention.
Claims (16)
1, a kind of method of adaptive forward error correction is characterized in that, comprising:
Obtain current transmission network qualitative data;
Determine the forward error correction strategy according to the transmission quality data of described current transmission network qualitative data, expection and the selected parameter that influences the Network Transmission content quality.
2, the method for adaptive forward error correction according to claim 1 is characterized in that, described current transmission network qualitative data is the current service mass parameter, and wherein, described current service mass parameter is fed back by the receiving terminal feedback or by network node.
3, the method for adaptive forward error correction according to claim 1 is characterized in that, the described selected parameter that influences the Network Transmission content quality comprises following any one or its combination:
Host-host protocol, error diffusion, decoder error are hidden, the packing strategy of packet, picture group are arranged.
4, the method for adaptive forward error correction according to claim 1, it is characterized in that described transmission quality data and the selected parameter that influences the Network Transmission content quality according to current transmission network qualitative data, expection determines that the step of forward error correction strategy comprises:
When described current transmission network qualitative data does not reach the transmission quality data of expection, according to parameter that influences the Network Transmission content quality and current transmission network qualitative data, calculate the transmission quality data that each forward error correction strategy can reach successively according to the redundancy order from small to large that a plurality of forward error correction strategies are had, the forward error correction strategy of correspondence when selecting to satisfy the transmission quality data of expecting; Or
When described current transmission network qualitative data reaches the transmission quality data of expection, according to parameter that influences the Network Transmission content quality and current transmission network qualitative data, the descending order of the redundancy that has according to a plurality of forward error correction strategies calculates the transmission quality data that each forward error correction strategy can reach successively, the forward error correction strategy of selecting to satisfy the transmission quality data of expection and having minimal redundancy.
5, the method for adaptive forward error correction according to claim 1, it is characterized in that described transmission quality data and the selected parameter that influences the Network Transmission content quality according to current transmission network qualitative data, expection determines that the step of forward error correction strategy comprises:
Under the selected parameter situation that influences the Network Transmission content quality, the transmission quality data when calculating a plurality of network quality data and a plurality of forward error correction strategy and making up respectively;
Determine the forward error correction strategy according to the transmission quality data of described current transmission network qualitative data, expection and the transmission quality data of described calculating.
6, the method for adaptive forward error correction according to claim 5 is characterized in that, described a plurality of network quality data are average packet loss ratio or by the length of continuous packet loss incident and the drop probabilities distribution function that calculates of the number of times of packet loss incident continuously.
7, the method for adaptive forward error correction according to claim 5, it is characterized in that, described under the selected parameter situation that influences the Network Transmission content quality, the step of the transmission quality data when calculating the combination of a plurality of network quality data and a plurality of forward error correction strategy comprises:
The frame length value of each frame of transfer sequence, group of pictures length value in the selected network;
Calculate the frame spoilage of each frame according to the frame length value of described each frame, the average packet loss ratio of setting;
Frame spoilage and group of pictures length according to described each frame are calculated the average frame spoilage;
The average frame spoilage of calculating after using the forward error correction strategy of setting;
Select different average packet loss ratio and/or different forward error correction strategies to carry out above-mentioned steps successively.
8, the method for adaptive forward error correction according to claim 5, it is characterized in that, described under the selected parameter situation that influences the Network Transmission content quality, the step of the transmission quality data when calculating the combination of a plurality of network quality data and a plurality of forward error correction strategy further comprises:
The frame length value of each frame of transfer sequence, group of pictures length value in the selected network;
According to the average packet loss ratio of average packet loss ratio calculating after using the forward error correction strategy of setting of setting;
Calculate the frame spoilage of each frame according to the frame length value of each frame, average packet loss ratio after using the forward error correction strategy of setting;
Frame spoilage, group of pictures length according to each frame are calculated the average frame spoilage;
Select different average packet loss ratio and/or different forward error correction strategies to carry out above-mentioned steps successively.
9, according to the method for claim 7 or 8 described adaptive forward error corrections, it is characterized in that, described according to current transmission network qualitative data, expection the transmission quality data and the transmission quality data of described calculating determine the forward error correction strategy step after also comprise:
When the current transmission network qualitative data that obtains reaches the transmission quality data of described expection, select to have the forward error correction strategy of less amount of redundancy;
When the current transmission network qualitative data that obtains does not reach the transmission quality data of described expection, select to have the forward error correction strategy of big amount of redundancy or increase the source block size.
10, a kind of device of adaptive forward error correction is characterized in that, comprising:
Acquisition module is used to obtain current transmission network qualitative data;
The strategy determination module is used for determining the forward error correction strategy according to the transmission quality data of described current transmission network qualitative data, expection and the selected parameter that influences the Network Transmission content quality.
11, the device of adaptive forward error correction according to claim 10 is characterized in that, described current transmission network qualitative data is the current service mass parameter, and wherein, described current service mass parameter is fed back by the receiving terminal feedback or by network node.
12, the device of adaptive forward error correction according to claim 10 is characterized in that, the described selected parameter that influences the Network Transmission content quality comprises following any one or its combination:
Host-host protocol, error diffusion, decoder error are hidden, the packing strategy of packet, picture group are arranged.
According to the device of claim 10,11 or 12 described adaptive forward error corrections, it is characterized in that 13, described policy selection module further comprises:
First computing unit is used under the selected parameter situation that influences the Network Transmission content quality, the transmission quality data when calculating a plurality of network quality data and a plurality of forward error correction strategy and making up respectively;
Memory cell is used for the mapping relations between storage networking qualitative data, forward error correction strategy and the transmission quality data three;
The first policy selection unit is used for selecting the forward error correction strategy according to the transmission quality data of described current transmission network qualitative data, expection from described memory cell.
According to the device of claim 10,11 or 12 described adaptive forward error corrections, it is characterized in that 14, described tactful determination module further comprises:
Judging unit is used to judge whether described current transmission network qualitative data reaches the transmission quality data of expection;
Second computing unit, be used for when described current transmission network qualitative data does not reach the transmission quality data of expection, according to parameter that influences the Network Transmission content quality and described current transmission network qualitative data, calculate the transmission quality data that each forward error correction strategy can reach successively according to the redundancy order from big to small that a plurality of forward error correction strategies are had; Or
When described current transmission network qualitative data reaches the transmission quality data of expection, according to parameter that influences the Network Transmission content quality and described current network qualitative data, the order from small to large of the redundancy that has according to a plurality of forward error correction strategies is calculated the transmission quality data that each forward error correction strategy can reach successively;
The second policy selection unit, the forward error correction strategy of correspondence when being used to select to satisfy the transmission quality data of expecting; Or
The forward error correction strategy of selecting to satisfy the transmission quality data of expection and having minimal redundancy.
15, a kind of self-adaptive FEC system is characterized in that, comprising:
The adaptive forward error correction device is used to obtain current transmission network qualitative data, and determines the forward error correction strategy according to the transmission quality data of described current transmission network qualitative data, expection and the selected parameter that influences the Network Transmission content quality;
The adaptive forward error correction encoder is used for according to the forward error correction strategy that described adaptive forward error correction device is determined data being encoded, and generates redundancy packet.
16, self-adaptive FEC system according to claim 15 is characterized in that, also comprises:
The network quality data statistical module is used to add up current transmission network qualitative data, and wherein, described network quality data statistical module is arranged on receiving terminal or the network node.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 200810223805 CN101686106B (en) | 2008-09-28 | 2008-09-28 | Self-adaptive forward error correction (FEC) method, device and system |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 200810223805 CN101686106B (en) | 2008-09-28 | 2008-09-28 | Self-adaptive forward error correction (FEC) method, device and system |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN101686106A true CN101686106A (en) | 2010-03-31 |
| CN101686106B CN101686106B (en) | 2013-04-17 |
Family
ID=42049096
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 200810223805 Expired - Fee Related CN101686106B (en) | 2008-09-28 | 2008-09-28 | Self-adaptive forward error correction (FEC) method, device and system |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN101686106B (en) |
Cited By (17)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102752184A (en) * | 2011-04-20 | 2012-10-24 | 河海大学 | Data communication system for real-time multicast service and method thereof |
| CN104081703A (en) * | 2011-12-15 | 2014-10-01 | 高通股份有限公司 | Systems and methods for pre-fec metrics and reception reports |
| CN104221317A (en) * | 2012-06-04 | 2014-12-17 | 松下知识产权经营株式会社 | Transmission device, reception device, transmission method, and reception method |
| WO2015154590A1 (en) * | 2014-07-01 | 2015-10-15 | 中兴通讯股份有限公司 | Video conference implementation method and multipoint control unit |
| CN105992023A (en) * | 2015-02-11 | 2016-10-05 | 杭州海康威视数字技术股份有限公司 | Video image data processing method and apparatus thereof |
| CN106209118A (en) * | 2016-06-29 | 2016-12-07 | 联想(北京)有限公司 | A kind of information processing method and electronic equipment |
| WO2017140261A1 (en) * | 2016-02-19 | 2017-08-24 | Mediatek Inc. | Method and system of adaptive application layer fec for mpeg media transport |
| WO2017173880A1 (en) * | 2016-04-06 | 2017-10-12 | 华为技术有限公司 | Method and device for reducing packet loss ratio of transmission |
| WO2018064934A1 (en) * | 2016-10-08 | 2018-04-12 | 华为技术有限公司 | Method and device for evaluating video quality |
| CN108322286A (en) * | 2017-01-17 | 2018-07-24 | 华为技术有限公司 | A kind of method, apparatus obtaining forward error correction FEC parameters |
| WO2018196434A1 (en) * | 2017-04-27 | 2018-11-01 | 华为技术有限公司 | Video quality evaluation method and device |
| CN109428690A (en) * | 2017-09-04 | 2019-03-05 | 瑞昱半导体股份有限公司 | The bus connection method and Ethernet device of Ethernet |
| CN110247736A (en) * | 2019-06-27 | 2019-09-17 | 北京奇艺世纪科技有限公司 | A kind of data transmission method and device |
| CN110299963A (en) * | 2019-06-05 | 2019-10-01 | 西安万像电子科技有限公司 | Data processing method and device |
| CN110602452A (en) * | 2019-09-05 | 2019-12-20 | 杭州米络星科技(集团)有限公司 | Method for guaranteeing remote real-time transmission smoothness of global UDP audio and video stream |
| CN115134307A (en) * | 2022-06-27 | 2022-09-30 | 长沙理工大学 | Load balancing method based on packet loss rate coding in cloud computing |
| WO2024001933A1 (en) * | 2022-06-28 | 2024-01-04 | 中兴通讯股份有限公司 | Forward error correction code type switching method, and device and storage medium |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN115225209A (en) * | 2022-09-20 | 2022-10-21 | 江苏为是科技有限公司 | Data transmission method, data transmission device, data transmission system, and storage medium |
Family Cites Families (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US6772388B2 (en) * | 2000-12-06 | 2004-08-03 | Motorola, Inc | Apparatus and method for providing optimal adaptive forward error correction in data communications |
| CN1845611A (en) * | 2005-04-08 | 2006-10-11 | 华为技术有限公司 | Video transmission protection method based on H.264 |
-
2008
- 2008-09-28 CN CN 200810223805 patent/CN101686106B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (30)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102752184A (en) * | 2011-04-20 | 2012-10-24 | 河海大学 | Data communication system for real-time multicast service and method thereof |
| CN104081703A (en) * | 2011-12-15 | 2014-10-01 | 高通股份有限公司 | Systems and methods for pre-fec metrics and reception reports |
| CN104081703B (en) * | 2011-12-15 | 2020-04-28 | 高通股份有限公司 | System and method for pre-FEC metrics and reception reporting |
| CN104221317A (en) * | 2012-06-04 | 2014-12-17 | 松下知识产权经营株式会社 | Transmission device, reception device, transmission method, and reception method |
| WO2015154590A1 (en) * | 2014-07-01 | 2015-10-15 | 中兴通讯股份有限公司 | Video conference implementation method and multipoint control unit |
| CN105992023B (en) * | 2015-02-11 | 2019-06-04 | 杭州海康威视数字技术股份有限公司 | The processing method and processing device of video image data |
| CN105992023A (en) * | 2015-02-11 | 2016-10-05 | 杭州海康威视数字技术股份有限公司 | Video image data processing method and apparatus thereof |
| CN108702245A (en) * | 2016-02-19 | 2018-10-23 | 联发科技股份有限公司 | The method and system of the adaptive application layer forward error correction of MPEG media transmission |
| WO2017140261A1 (en) * | 2016-02-19 | 2017-08-24 | Mediatek Inc. | Method and system of adaptive application layer fec for mpeg media transport |
| CN108702245B (en) * | 2016-02-19 | 2021-01-15 | 联发科技股份有限公司 | Adaptive application layer forward error correction for MPEG media transport |
| US10404411B2 (en) | 2016-02-19 | 2019-09-03 | Mediatek Inc. | Method and system of adaptive application layer FEC for MPEG media transport |
| WO2017173880A1 (en) * | 2016-04-06 | 2017-10-12 | 华为技术有限公司 | Method and device for reducing packet loss ratio of transmission |
| CN106209118A (en) * | 2016-06-29 | 2016-12-07 | 联想(北京)有限公司 | A kind of information processing method and electronic equipment |
| CN106209118B (en) * | 2016-06-29 | 2019-09-20 | 深圳忆联信息系统有限公司 | A kind of information processing method and electronic equipment |
| WO2018064934A1 (en) * | 2016-10-08 | 2018-04-12 | 华为技术有限公司 | Method and device for evaluating video quality |
| US11265601B2 (en) | 2016-10-08 | 2022-03-01 | Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. | Video quality assessment method and device |
| US10869088B2 (en) | 2016-10-08 | 2020-12-15 | Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. | Video quality assessment method and device |
| CN108322286A (en) * | 2017-01-17 | 2018-07-24 | 华为技术有限公司 | A kind of method, apparatus obtaining forward error correction FEC parameters |
| CN108809893A (en) * | 2017-04-27 | 2018-11-13 | 华为技术有限公司 | A kind of video quality evaluation method and equipment |
| CN108809893B (en) * | 2017-04-27 | 2020-03-27 | 华为技术有限公司 | Video quality evaluation method and device |
| WO2018196434A1 (en) * | 2017-04-27 | 2018-11-01 | 华为技术有限公司 | Video quality evaluation method and device |
| US11374681B2 (en) | 2017-04-27 | 2022-06-28 | Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. | Video quality assessment method and device |
| CN109428690A (en) * | 2017-09-04 | 2019-03-05 | 瑞昱半导体股份有限公司 | The bus connection method and Ethernet device of Ethernet |
| CN110299963A (en) * | 2019-06-05 | 2019-10-01 | 西安万像电子科技有限公司 | Data processing method and device |
| CN110247736A (en) * | 2019-06-27 | 2019-09-17 | 北京奇艺世纪科技有限公司 | A kind of data transmission method and device |
| CN110247736B (en) * | 2019-06-27 | 2022-04-22 | 北京奇艺世纪科技有限公司 | Data transmission method and device |
| CN110602452A (en) * | 2019-09-05 | 2019-12-20 | 杭州米络星科技(集团)有限公司 | Method for guaranteeing remote real-time transmission smoothness of global UDP audio and video stream |
| CN115134307A (en) * | 2022-06-27 | 2022-09-30 | 长沙理工大学 | Load balancing method based on packet loss rate coding in cloud computing |
| CN115134307B (en) * | 2022-06-27 | 2024-01-26 | 长沙理工大学 | Load balancing method based on packet loss rate coding in cloud computing |
| WO2024001933A1 (en) * | 2022-06-28 | 2024-01-04 | 中兴通讯股份有限公司 | Forward error correction code type switching method, and device and storage medium |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN101686106B (en) | 2013-04-17 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN101686106B (en) | Self-adaptive forward error correction (FEC) method, device and system | |
| CN100592670C (en) | System and method for controlling self-adaptive forward error dynamically in IPTV network | |
| Rubenstein | Real-time reliable multicast using proactive forward error correction | |
| US8091011B2 (en) | Method and system for dynamically adjusting forward error correction (FEC) rate to adapt for time varying network impairments in video streaming applications over IP networks | |
| CN101061659B (en) | Adaptive forward error correction method and device | |
| CN101383679B (en) | Fec transmission processing apparatus and method and program recording medium | |
| CN106341738A (en) | Streaming media network transmission bandwidth calculation method, server and system | |
| CN101505202A (en) | Adaptive error correction method for stream media transmission | |
| CN102017491A (en) | A method and system for adapting forward error correction in multicast over wireless networks | |
| CN102239658B (en) | Error control on-demand | |
| CN101826937B (en) | Link layer error control system suitable for next generation mobile Internet and method thereof | |
| Chieochan et al. | Wireless fountain coding with IEEE 802.11 e block ACK for media streaming in wireline-cum-WiFi networks: a performance study | |
| Yavatkar et al. | Optimistic strategies for large-scale dissemination of multimedia information | |
| CN102752184A (en) | Data communication system for real-time multicast service and method thereof | |
| CN103607255A (en) | Wireless channel video communication packet loss rate control method | |
| CN115037416A (en) | Data forward error correction processing method, device, electronic equipment and storage medium | |
| JP5592235B2 (en) | Multicast pre-delivery method, system, and apparatus | |
| Ding et al. | Packet permutation: a robust transmission technique for continuous media streaming over the Internet | |
| Jin et al. | Performance evaluation of a hybrid FEC/ARQ for wireless media streaming | |
| Tsai et al. | Burst-aware adaptive forward error correction in video streaming over wireless networks | |
| Yu et al. | Adaptive Anti-packet Loss Strategy for Real-Time Video Streaming | |
| Pasin et al. | Error resilient real-time multimedia streaming over vehicular networks | |
| Villela et al. | Improving scalability on reliable multicast communications | |
| Matsuzono | Robust High-Performance Real-Time Streaming Control | |
| Yavatkar et al. | End-to-end approach to large-scale multimedia dissemination |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| C06 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| C10 | Entry into substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| C14 | Grant of patent or utility model | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| CF01 | Termination of patent right due to non-payment of annual fee |
Granted publication date: 20130417 Termination date: 20150928 |
|
| EXPY | Termination of patent right or utility model |