CN101685492B - RFID traffic model air interface parameter testing method - Google Patents
RFID traffic model air interface parameter testing method Download PDFInfo
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- CN101685492B CN101685492B CN200810198912.9A CN200810198912A CN101685492B CN 101685492 B CN101685492 B CN 101685492B CN 200810198912 A CN200810198912 A CN 200810198912A CN 101685492 B CN101685492 B CN 101685492B
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Abstract
RFID traffic model air interface parameter testing method of the present invention relates to RF identification (RFID), existing radar mockup air interface parameters definition and method of testing. It mainly pays close attention to the parameters such as waveform, time, radar cross section. And the radio frequency parameter of government's spectrum management demand. The present invention proposes RFID and writes and read two kinds of traffic models (reading model is as figure), attention location system capacity of equipment relevant parameter. Comprise that label writes and read sensitivity, transmitting power, transmitting-receiving gain, read write line transmitting power, receiving sensitivity, parameter-definition and the method for testings such as up-downgoing channel symmetry. The present invention proposes to quote auxiliary electron label. By parameter testing, through calculating the method for determining tested electronic tag and read write line parameter. The present invention is applicable to the RFID air interface of far zone field (radiation field) work. Comprise UHF, the each frequency range product quality examination of MW, design improvement, application project design.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to automatic identification field, be in particular UHF and high band RF identification (RFID) air interface moreMouthful research, design, production in, the quality examination of product air interface parameters is used as to detect and check.
Background technology
RF identification (RFID) technology is gone through decades and is fermented, its working frequency range by low frequency to high frequency, then to superelevationFrequency and microwave. In recent years, low frequency has become ripe to high frequency. Start to welcome extensive extensive use. UHF andMore high band is in the technology growth phase, no matter is equipment designing technique, system applies technology, and even metric systemEstablish a capital also among development.
RF identification (RFID) will form a large industry. UHF and more high band RFID are because it is doneBy the feature of distance, the application of RFID will be expanded greatly.
The air interface communication parameter and standard ISO/IEC of existing UHF RF identification (RFID) system in the world18000-b etc., and had corresponding conformance test method standard ISO/IEC18047-b etc. ButThe parameter-definition of these standards and method of testing are to be all derived from radar mockup. In radar mockup, think electronics markSigning is only an object that is detected that radio signal is played to reflection (or claiming back scattering) effect. This is to havingRealize radio signal reception, demodulation, calling data is modulated and the electronic tag of emission function again, and bothCarry out wireless writing, carry out again the rfid system groundwork mechanism of reading out data and misfit. ThereforeIts application is limited to. For example, in ISO18000-6, clearly specify, this standard is only applicable to passive electronic markSign, read write line is first said situation. In fact, also fail to comprise for the write operation function of passive electronic label.
Because existing UHFRFID air interface communication parameter and standard comes from radar mockup, the parameter that it is paid close attention toFor waveform parameter, modulating characteristic parameter, signal time of return and RCS etc. Complete and general thunderReach to survey and match.
It is considered herein that by physical Concept Analysis, UHF and more high band RFID air interface should be used communication mouldType is set up communication test parameter. Can be conducive to like this evaluate label and read-write equipment quality, improve product technology and establishMeter, helps engineering application. The system that these are important and device parameter, comprise electronic tag reading read write lineSignal receiving sensitivity, write signal receiving sensitivity, transmitting power, rf gain, read write line receives sensitiveDegree, forward and reverse junction device ability symmetry etc. Defined these of the present invention come from the parameter of traffic modelAnd method of testing, be applicable to all kinds of electronic tags (or being called for short label), all kinds of read write lines, read write line is first said, markSign the various situations such as first say; The rfid system that is applicable to far zone field environmental work, comprises VHF, UHF,The each frequency range of MW.
The present invention has provided the definition of RF identification (RFID) traffic model air interface parameters and method of testing.
Summary of the invention
Application demand of the present invention come from UHF and more high band RF identification (RFID) air interface system, establishDetection and inspection to its parameter in standby research, design, production.
1. the present invention has provided RF identification (RFID) traffic model air interface test parameter: the present invention providesRF identification (RFID) electronic tag (abbreviation label) and the definition of read write line relevant parameters.
2. the present invention proposes a kind of method of testing, introduce special auxiliary electron label, by backward channelLoss test, and contact the systematic parameters such as system loss, through calculating, determine tested electronic tagRadio frequency parameter relevant to read write line.
The present invention provided for RFID traffic model air interface parameters test auxiliary electron label used andThe main technical requirements of test read write line.
4. the present invention has provided and has tested RFID used and read for RF identification (RFID) traffic model air interface parametersWrite the main technical requirements of device.
Traffic model and corresponding air interface parameters, evaluate RFID air interface equipment performance, and technology changesEnter with the value of engineering application as follows:
1) be convenient to evaluate read write line and electronic tag level. When there being read write line receiving sensitivity, electronic tag is writeEnter and read receiving sensitivity and electronic tag transmitting power, after the symmetry index of up-downgoing path, just can districtDivide and evaluate the technology status of links in air interface system.
2) be convenient to improve electronic tag design. Have after the parameter system that traffic model sets up, be convenient to designerAnalytical electron label technique situation, finds the direction of technological improvement.
3) be convenient to predict air interface applies effect. Have after the parameter system that traffic model sets up, based onRFID air interface is operated in the situation of far zone field, according to system equipment ability, and just can be more convenientResult of use under ground prediction actual service conditions. While use for scene, adapting to the design of change request adjustment System carriesFor technical thought.
4) the defined parameter of RFID traffic model of the present invention has universality for RFID air interface, instituteWith applied widely. Comprise all kinds electronic tag, comprise passively, active, half is passive, synchronous, asynchronous,Combination, intelligent label and other type electronic tag, all kinds read write line comprises portable, fixed, carCarry formula, integral type and split type read write line. The different modes of first saying, comprises that the read write line label of first making peace first says.
5) because relevant RFID traffic model proposed by the invention is based on far zone field concept, so thisBright given parameter-definition, method of testing is applicable to VHF (very high frequency(VHF)), and UHF (hyperfrequency) and MW are (micro-Ripple).
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram of the traffic model of the wireless write operation of RFID of the present invention;
The ablation process that the figure shows RFID is to send write command by read write line, arrives electronics by wireless channelTab end. Electronic tag is received after instruction, automatically completes write operation. Be one and realize the logical of unidirectional control functionLetter process.
Fig. 2 is the schematic diagram of the traffic model of RFID read operation of the present invention.
This figure has provided RFID read data functions and has realized. This is the communication process of a bidirectional data transfers.Be the forward communication of read write line inquiry electronic tag, and electronic tag is replied two sub-mistakes of reverse link communication of read write lineJourney. Electronic tag has reception modulated signal, demodulation, and recognition instruction, extracts data, modulation and transmission modulation letterNumber complete transceiver func-tions. The realization of once reading, what complete is the overall process of two-way communication.
Fig. 3 is RFID air interface parameters test macro block diagram of the present invention.
In system, comprise tested label, auxiliary electron label, test read write line, and be used for measured signal levelSpectrum analyzer (or being called for short frequency spectrograph).
Detailed description of the invention
1. traffic model basic conception
The RFID air interface that is applicable to far zone field environment has two kinds of working methods, wireless writing mode andReading manner. Therefore, exist two kinds of traffic models. RFID is wireless to be write model (as Fig. 1) RFID and readsModel (as Fig. 2).
In traffic model, no matter be write operation, or read operation, be not electronic tag is considered as pureBackscatterer, so do not re-use the concept of RCS. For write operation, think electronic tagIt is a terminal node on communication link. It is a transceiver equipment completely. Therefore, it should have receptionSensitivity, transmitting power. For read operation, we are considered as a repeated link inquiring and replying overall process,Electronic tag can be regarded as again a forwarding node, and the transmitting power of label should be looked the ratio of receiving sensitivityFor a link one label rf gain of system transmission gain (or loss). This is worth in active label situationMay, for just, in passive label situation, may be to bear or be approximately zero dB.
According to Communication System Design concept, it has been generally acknowledged that forward link and reverse link should be symmetric channel, transmissionLoss should equate, therefore, in system, should ensure that forward and reverse link system equipment ability equates. SoSystematic parameter based on traffic model should comprise that forward and reverse junction device ability symmetry detects.
2. parameter-definition
The present invention has provided the parameter-definition based on radio frequency discrimination RFID traffic model air interface:
1) read write line receiving sensitivity: can correctly identify electronic tag return data when read write line is realized read operationThe minimum received power level of information.
2) electronic tag write signal receiving sensitivity: label is correctly carried out read write line and write instruction and complete and write behaviourThe minimum received power level of doing.
3) electronic tag read signal receiving sensitivity: label is correctly carried out read write line reading command and completed and read behaviourThe minimum received power level of doing.
4) reflection power of label receiving sensitivity operating point: in the minimum reception of the read signal that read write line is sentIn signal power level situation, the transmitting power of label.
5) label rf gain: the i.e. ratio of label transmitting power to its received power level.
6) forward path capacity of equipment: by read write line to the available increasing of all devices on label signal transfer pathThe summation of benefit (comprising the loss as negative gain).
7) reverse path capacity of equipment: by label to the available increasing of all devices on read write line signal transmission pathThe summation of benefit (comprising the loss as negative gain).
8) forward and reverse junction device ability symmetry: by read write line to label and by label to read write line two pathsThe ratio of total capacity of equipment.
The unit of the above power level is dBm, the above gain (comprising the loss as negative gain)All by dB. As use other unit, in calculating, should do corresponding conversion. The above transmitting power (EIRP)All comprise its antenna gain used with receiving sensitivity, as used transmitter power (ERP) and receiver sensitivityDefinition, does not comprise its antenna gain used.
3. test macro signal flow
The present invention proposes RFID traffic model air interface parameter testing method, and its basic ideas are that introducing is specialAuxiliary electron label, the loss test by channel, and contacting after tested label connecting system, isSystem relevant parameter is determined defined every air interface parameters value.
RFID traffic model air interface parameters test macro basic functional principle frame is as Fig. 3. Air interface baseThis parameter is pressed signal flow and is arranged as follows:
PIT(PITMIN)→LS→PSR(PTR)→HS(HT)→PST(PTT)→LS→PIR(PIRMIN)
PIT: read write line transmitting power
PST: assisted tag transmitting power
PIR: read write line received power level
PSR: assisted tag received power level
PIRMIN: read write line receiving sensitivity
PSTMIN: the assisted tag transmitting power of corresponding read write line receiving sensitivity operating point
PTT: tested label transmitting power
PTR: the received power level of tested label
PTRMIN: tested label write signal receiving sensitivity
P’TT: tested label is in receiving sensitivity operating point transmitting power
LS: air interface one way path loss
HS: assisted tag rf gain
HS=assisted tag transmitting power PSTMIN-assisted tag received power level PTRMIN
HT: tested label rf gain
HT＝Tested label transmitting power PST-tested label receiving sensitivity PTRMIN
GA: forward (or claiming descending) radio equipment ability
Gain that read write line provides to all devices on tag path (if loss, by negative gain) sum.Represent the maximum transmitted ability of forward channel.
GB: oppositely (or deserving to be called row) radio equipment ability
Gain that label provides to all devices on read write line path (if loss, by negative gain) sum.Represent the maximum transmitted ability of backward channel.
△ G: forward and reverse radio equipment ability symmetry
Forward channel capacity of equipment GAWith backward channel capacity of equipment GBPoor,
△G＝GA-GB。
4. test macro primary condition
1) precondition
Read write line receiver sensitivity is far above the receiving sensitivity of electronic tag;
Read write line is equal to or greater than 10 times of wavelength to the distance of label, or presses the specified index of system;
Test macro is in without multipath with under without fade condition;
Transmitting power, during incoming level detects, should be in numerical value be processed to antenna gain and the feeder loss factorTake in by actual conditions.
All antenna polarizations are in full accord.
2) requirement of test macro to assisted tag
There is self-powered ability, to ensure that assisted tag may provide the transmitting power larger than tested label,Higher receiving sensitivity.
Assisted tag antenna is external, can test transmitting-receiving level at antenna feed point;
Assisted tag is identical with the modulation parameter of tested label;
Assisted tag is used Standard Symmetric Multivariate dipole antenna or other antenna. Should count antenna gain by situation.
3) requirement of test macro to read write line
Test read write line power output is adjustable, or can between read write line transceiver and its antenna, add decayIt is adjustable that device is realized power output.
Distributing point place at transceiver and antenna can survey sending and receiving power level, or in external detection meritRate level.
5. detection method for example
1) label write signal receiving sensitivity:
With progressively reducing or progressively increasing read write line transmitting power, repeat to write and read process, until search outRead write line can correctly be distinguished the minimum emissive power P of institute's data writingIT；
Read write line is with power PITTransmitting, detects by being placed in tested label tester identical or suitable positionLabel incoming level value P 'TRWMIN, be tested label write signal receiving sensitivity.
2) forward path propagation loss
Read write line transmission power level PIT, and the write signal receiving sensitivity P ' of tested electronic tagTRWMIN，Can calculate forward path propagation loss.
3) read write line receiving sensitivity
Utilize auxiliary electron label adjustable transmission power ability, find the normal lowest power level receiving of read write lineValue. By the spectrum analyzer of access reading and writing device antenna distributing point, read read write line received power level value now,Be the receiving sensitivity P of read write lineIRMIN。
4) reverse path loss by one path
By sending out of the assisted tag of the read write line receiving sensitivity detecting and read write line receiving sensitivity operating pointPenetrate power and can calculate reverse path propagation loss.
5) the read signal receiving sensitivity of tested electronic tag
A. passive label
The reception of passive label is directly connected on the switching device of antenna port with transmitting, switching device
Insertion loss approaches 0dB. So can think tested electronic tag read signal receiving sensitivity justEqual the transmitted power level of tested electronic tag.
After use assisted tag completes read write line sensitivity test, put tested label in place in assisted tag institutePut or suitable position, read write line sends read signal, because assisted tag sensitivity is usually above tested label,Ordinary circumstance, read write line can not correctly be distinguished, and now progressively increases read write line transmitting power PTT, until read-writeDevice is correctly distinguished label return data, if read write line transmitting power is now PTT. Keep same transmitting meritRate transmitting, in identical with tested electronic tag or suitable position, detects incoming level PIRBe tested electronics markThe minimum received power level of signing is P 'IRMIN。
B. active label
The reception of active label is all made up of active device with transmitting. Receiving sensitivity is high, and transmitting power alsoGreatly. And can detect, in fact active label can be equal to the assisted tag in this test macro. Therefore,Test equally simple with the detection of common radio transceiver.
Allow active label with larger power emission, guarantee under the condition of backward channel transmitting, detect byRead write line sends, and returns to the read signal of read write line receiving terminal through tested label, finds read write line correctly to knowRead the read write line lowest transmit power of return data. Label incoming level is now reading of tested electronic tagGet signal receiving sensitivity.
6) the read signal receiving sensitivity operating point transmitting power of tested electronic tag
Passive label can think that the read signal receiving sensitivity operating point transmitting power of tested electronic tag equalsThe minimum received power level of label is P 'IRMIN。
Active label should be controllable parameter. Its ability to work scope of available General Instrument direct-detection.
7) label rf gain
More than utilizing according to definition, record relevant data and can calculate acquisition.
8) forward and reverse junction device ability symmetry
More than utilizing according to definition, record relevant data and can calculate acquisition.
Above-described embodiment of the present invention, does not form limiting the scope of the present invention. Any at thisThe amendment done within the spirit of invention and principle, be equal to and replace and improvement etc., all should be included in power of the present inventionWithin the claimed scope of profit.
Claims (6)
1. a RFID traffic model air interface parameter testing method, adopts assisted tag test read write lineWith the air interface parameters of tested label, read write line and tested label composition system, read write line and be placed inTested label assisted tag identical or suitable position forms system, and two systems include traffic model, instituteStating assisted tag is electronic tag, and described assisted tag power is adjustable, described assisted tag antenna external andCan test transmitting-receiving level at antenna feed point, tester detects the power of assisted tag, read write lineLevel value, obtains air interface parameters, and air interface parameters is according to the power level of assisted tag, read write lineValue directly or indirectly calculates, and described air interface parameters comprises that the write signal of tested label receives sensitiveThe read signal receiving sensitivity of degree, tested label, the receiving sensitivity of read write line, forward path are propagated and are damagedConsumption, and reverse path propagation loss;
The write signal receiving sensitivity of described tested label is that tested label is carried out read write line and write instruction and completeThe minimum received power level of write operation; The read signal receiving sensitivity of described tested label is by markSign the minimum received power level that execution read write line reading command completes read operation; The reception of described read write lineSensitivity is the minimum reception that read write line can correctly be identified electronic tag return data information while realizing read operationPower level; Described forward path propagation loss is negative to the conduct on label signal transfer path by read write lineThe loss of gain; Described reverse path propagation loss is to the conduct on read write line signal transmission path by labelThe loss of negative gain;
Described assisted tag:
Have self-powered ability, assisted tag can provide the transmitting power larger than tested label; And,
Assisted tag is identical with the modulation parameter of tested label; And,
Assisted tag is used Standard Symmetric Multivariate dipole antenna.
2. method of testing according to claim 1, is characterized in that,
Described method comprises the write signal receiving sensitivity of test label in the following way:
Form system by read write line and tested label, read write line sends data writing signal, gradually reduce or byStep increases read write line transmitting power, repeats to write and read process, can correctly distinguish until search out read write lineThe minimum read write line transmitting power P of institute's data writingIT, wherein said PITFor read write line transmitting power;
Form system by read write line with the assisted tag that is placed in or suitable position identical with tested label, read-writeDevice is with power PITTransmitting, tester detects assisted tag incoming level value and receives as the write signal of labelSensitivity PTRMIN, wherein PTRMINFor tested label write signal receiving sensitivity, tested label is correctly carried outRead write line writes instruction completes the minimum received power level of write operation, wherein the above power levelUnit is dBm.
3. method of testing according to claim 2, is characterized in that,
Described method also comprises that obtaining in the following way forward path propagation loss calculates:
By read write line transmitting power PIT, and the write signal receiving sensitivity P of tested labelTRMIN, calculateForward path propagation loss LS＝PIT-PTRMIN, wherein LSFor the loss of air interface one way distance.
4. method of testing according to claim 3, is characterized in that,
Described method also comprises adopts the receiving sensitivity of testing with the following method read write line:
Form system by read write line and assisted tag, send read signal by read write line, assisted tag receivesAfter signal, send inverse signal, gradually reduce or progressively increase assisted tag transmitting power, repeat to read process,Until the received power of read write line is when searching out read write line and can correctly distinguishing the inverse signal that assisted tag sendsLow value PIRMIN, and the transmitting power P of assisted tagSTMIN, the received power minimum of read write line is read-writeDevice receiving sensitivity, and PIRMIN＝PSTMIN-LS，PIRMINFor read write line receiving sensitivity, read write line is realized and being readWhen operation, can correctly identify the minimum received power level of electronic tag return data information, wherein said PSTMINFor the assisted tag transmitting power of corresponding read write line receiving sensitivity operating point.
5. method of testing according to claim 4, is characterized in that, described method also comprise adopt asLower method obtains reverse path propagation loss LS＝PSTMIN-PIRMIN。
6. method of testing according to claim 1, is characterized in that,
Described method also comprises adopts the read signal receiving sensitivity of test label with the following method:
If tested label is passive label, adopt with the following method:
After use assisted tag completes read write line sensitivity test, put tested label in assisted tag placePosition or quite position, read write line sends read signal, and progressively increases read write line transmitting power, until readWrite device and correctly distinguish label return data, record read write line transmitting power is now P'TT, it is same that read write line keepsThe transmitting power of sample, is received by the tester tags detected that is placed in or suitable position identical with tested labelLevel value is as the read signal receiving sensitivity of label, wherein P'TTFor tested label is in receiving sensitivity workPoint transmitting power;
If tested label is active label, adopt with the following method:
Tested label, to guarantee the power emission of backward channel transmitting, detects and is sent by read write line, and warpTested label returns to the read signal of read write line receiving terminal, determines that read write line can correctly distinguish reading of return dataWrite device lowest transmit power, connect as the read signal of label using the incoming level that now active label place recordsReceive sensitivity,
Wherein the unit of the above power level is dBm.
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| CN101794370B (en) * | 2010-04-09 | 2012-01-11 | 深圳市远望谷信息技术股份有限公司 | Method and device for remotely testing receiver sensitivity of radio frequency identification reader |
| CN101980254A (en) * | 2010-10-27 | 2011-02-23 | 北京邮电大学 | Method for testing sensitivity and read-write distance of ultra-high frequency radio frequency identification (UHF RFID) label by using giaga-hertz transverse electromagnetic (GTEM) cell |
| CN102880884B (en) * | 2011-07-14 | 2015-12-09 | 航天信息股份有限公司 | A kind of test macro of passive label and method of testing |
| CN106295430A (en) * | 2016-07-22 | 2017-01-04 | 工业和信息化部电子工业标准化研究院 | Radio-frequency identification reader/writer receiving sensitivity measures system, method and test equipment |
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| CN101271534A (en) * | 2008-03-25 | 2008-09-24 | 华南理工大学 | RFID label and reading device thereof, reading system and safety authentication method |
| WO2008114175A2 (en) * | 2007-03-22 | 2008-09-25 | Nxp B.V. | Rfid device, rfid system and equalization process in rfid systems |
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| WO2008114175A2 (en) * | 2007-03-22 | 2008-09-25 | Nxp B.V. | Rfid device, rfid system and equalization process in rfid systems |
| CN101271534A (en) * | 2008-03-25 | 2008-09-24 | 华南理工大学 | RFID label and reading device thereof, reading system and safety authentication method |
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