CN101685465B - Integrated three-dimensional data modeling method for comprehensive pipe network geographic information system - Google Patents
Integrated three-dimensional data modeling method for comprehensive pipe network geographic information system Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to an integrated three-dimensional data modeling method for a comprehensive pipe network geographic information system, which comprises the following steps: (1) abstracting urban comprehensive pipe network elements; (2) constructing change events of an urban comprehensive pipe network; (3) constructing an urban comprehensive pipe network element topologic relation; (4) constructing a semantic relation model for the urban comprehensive pipe network elements according to the essential characteristics and rules of the urban comprehensive pipe network; and (5) constructing aphysical data model for the urban comprehensive pipe network, and realizing the association between a geometric data model and attribute data and relation according to the physical organization of urban comprehensive pipe network data. The three-dimensional data modeling method achieves the uniformity on a model system of the urban comprehensive pipe network data, meets the requirement on expression of dynamic information of the urban comprehensive pipe network, and is worth popularizing and applying.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to Computerized three-dimensional visualization technique field, relate in particular to a kind of three-dimensional data modeling method that is used for city integrated pipe network.
Background technology
All kinds of underground pipe networks in city are important component parts of urban infrastructure, and it is day and night undertaking the work of transmission information and conveying capacity just as nerve in the human body and blood vessel, is the material base of depending on for existence and development in the city, is called as the lifeline in city.
China's urban construction has had develop rapidly over nearly more than 20 years, the original underground pipe network in city does not satisfy the needs of modernization development far away, the design and construction of the planning of the renewal of old pipe network, new pipe network, new pipe network all need accurately to grasp the present situation of underground pipe network, and mainly there is the problem of following two aspects in the management of underground pipe network: on the one hand, because that most of pipeline is in is underground, bury darker, widely distributed, of a great variety, complex structure underground, the data volume of various data is big, the file maintenance phase is long, and this brings a huge difficult problem for the design and the management of pipe network; On the other hand, current, all in all the management of China's Urban Buried Pipeline Network and research work still quite fall behind, existing underground professional pipe network data all is with form recorded and stored such as drawing, charts, the design and the management of pipe network are still carried out in most of area with manual mode, inefficiency, and can not provide comprehensive accurately pipeline information, can't satisfy the requirement of urban construction, planning and city management department to pipe network information, having restricted development and national economy to a certain extent, is huge owing to the underground pipe network management technical means falls behind the loss that causes.Therefore, study and set up the underground pipe network Geographic Information System, adopt the hi-tech means to come the centralized planning underground pipe network, make its planning, construction, management, maintenance progressively move towards quantification, scientific, robotization, the needs that satisfy decision-making section and unit in charge of construction have become the task of top priority.Realize that the digitizing of pipe network information, scientific and modern management are the important and pressing task of pendulum before China's city management workplace.
Data model is the data description to objective things and contact thereof, and the GIS data model is soul and the key of GIS, has reflected the understanding of people to the objective world.GIS is to be goal in research with the real world as a kind of infosystem, with the binary digit world of computer-internal as memory carrier.It is stored in the understanding of people for the objective world in the computing machine through becoming digital form after a series of processing.Real world is extremely complicated, and people wish that GIS comprises sufficient data on the one hand, and expectation therefrom can be selected needed related data easily and bypass other useless data again on the other hand.Therefore, the data model of reasonably developing city integrated pipe network is the basis of realizing the three-dimensional visualization pipe network system, and the application just is being based on the problems referred to above and the research carried out.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is exactly that propose in order to solve the deficiencies in the prior art a kind of can better solve the particularly three-dimensional data modeling method of city integrated pipe network integrated management problem of urban infrastructure.
In order to reach the foregoing invention purpose, the technical solution used in the present invention is: a kind of integrated three-dimensional data modeling method that is used for comprehensive pipe network geographic information system, it comprises the steps:
(1), the city integrated pipe network key element is carried out abstract, the key element of described city integrated pipe network comprises geographical network chain, geographical network node, center, stands, turning and obstacle, and its corresponding attribute is set;
(2), make up the change events of city integrated pipe network, the change events of described city integrated pipe network comprises the attribute of city integrated pipe network, physical characteristics and occurs in fortuitous phenomena, accident on the network;
(3), make up city integrated pipe network key element topological relation, described topological relation comprises association, the syntople between the city integrated pipe network key element;
(4), set up city integrated pipe network key element semantic relation model according to city integrated pipe network essential characteristic and rule;
(5), set up the city integrated pipe network Physical data model, by the physical organization of city integrated pipe network data, realize the related of above-mentioned geometric data model and attribute data, relation.
Further, in the step (1), described city integrated pipe network key element is abstract to be primary graphic element and network element, and described fundamental figure key element comprises point, line; Described network element is to increase the attribute of describing geographical network in the reality on element figure.
Described some element comprises node (node) and point (dot), and line element comprises segmental arc (arc), broken line (poly line) and section (route).
Described network element comprises elementary factor, compound key element, and elementary factor is vertex type or line type, and comprises the path key element under the dynamic segmentation; Described compound key element is made of elementary factor or other compound key element.
In the step (2), described incident spatially is divided into an incident and line incident, and the method for linear reference is adopted in the start-stop position of the particular location of described some incident or line incident, and promptly known location point+linear deflection scale shows.
In the step (5), further comprise:
For the point-like geographic entity, store this point-like geographic entity anchor point X, Y, Z, each numerical value is stored by 32 integer;
For the wire geographic entity, this field store is formed the sum of the point of this feature, the number of segmental arc, the number of segmental arc corresponding point and the coordinate figure of each point, and wherein each numerical value is stored by 32 integer;
For the planar geographic entity in the pipe network data, this field store is formed the polygonal number of this feature, polygonal counting and its corresponding point coordinate, and wherein each numerical value is stored by 32 integer.
The present invention has following advantage: three-dimensional data model modeling method provided by the present invention, reached the unitarity in city integrated pipe network data model system, and satisfy the exposition need of city integrated pipe network to multidate information, be worthy of popularization.
Description of drawings
Accompanying drawing 1 is the general structure synoptic diagram of city integrated pipe network integrated three-dimensional data model of the present invention;
Accompanying drawing 2 is city integrated pipe network key element abstract schematic of the present invention;
Accompanying drawing 3 is functional schematics of city integrated pipe network incident of the present invention;
Accompanying drawing 4 is city integrated pipe network key element topological relation synoptic diagram of the present invention;
Accompanying drawing 5 is city integrated pipe network key element semantic relation synoptic diagram of the present invention;
Accompanying drawing 6 is city integrated pipe network Physical data model synoptic diagram of the present invention.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing the specific embodiment of the present invention is described in further detail:
The present invention is used for the integrated three-dimensional data modeling method of comprehensive pipe network geographic information system, and it mainly comprises the steps:
(1), the city integrated pipe network key element is carried out abstract, the key element of described city integrated pipe network comprises geographical network chain, geographical network node, center, stands, turning and obstacle, and its corresponding attribute is set;
(2), make up the change events of city integrated pipe network, the change events of described city integrated pipe network comprises the attribute of city integrated pipe network, physical characteristics and occurs in fortuitous phenomena, accident on the network;
(3), make up city integrated pipe network key element topological relation, described topological relation comprises association, the syntople between the city integrated pipe network key element;
(4), set up city integrated pipe network key element semantic relation model according to city integrated pipe network essential characteristic and rule;
(5), set up the city integrated pipe network Physical data model, by the physical organization of city integrated pipe network data, realize the related of above-mentioned geometric data model and attribute data, relation.
By above-mentioned steps, can build the general structure of city integrated pipe network integrated three-dimensional data model as shown in Figure 1, will be described in detail the concrete environmental factor of each step below in conjunction with city integrated pipe network:
One, according to entity the effect in city integrated pipe network to carry out key element abstract, with the key element of city integrated pipe network be divided into geographical network chain, geographical node, center, stand, turning and obstacle, and each class key element all has corresponding attribute.Wherein,
The geographical network chain is abstract to various line feature in the real world, is the flow route of exchange of resources in network, can represent motor-driven route, navigation channel, power transmission line, water supply line etc.Lattice chain can be represented with various wire elements (segmental arc, section or path), and not only be confined to segmental arc.The attribute information of lattice chain has two kinds: a kind of is the obstruction intensity of lattice chain, as motor-driven time of road, cost, danger etc.; Another kind is the resources requirement of lattice chain, as feed pipe flow, Gas Pipe tolerance etc.
Tie point between lattice chain and the lattice chain is exactly a network node, and it is positioned at the lattice chain two ends, and many lattice chains are set up contact by network node.Node can be represented crossing, drainage pipeline joint of pipeline etc.Because lattice chain is not only a segmental arc, thereby the node of network can be consistent with the node of segmental arc, also can be inconsistent.The network node attribute information comprises the impedance of network flow at the node place, if the node of network participates in resources allocation, the node of network also must have a resources requirement.According to actual needs, the some of them node is set to key elements such as central point, website, corner point and obstacle.
The center is to have certain capacity in the network, can obtain resource or disperse the position at the node place of resource from chain.For example: gas-holder has certain capacity, can hold a certain amount of combustion gas, and these combustion gas are gone out along different pipeline transportation again, so gas-holder is exactly a center of gas ductwork; The center is as the collecting and distributing position of resource on the geographical network, and its attribute comprises the demand or the supply at this center at least.
The station is the site position of picking up or unload resource in the network, all will be with the attribute that arrives at a station in optimum route analysis and resources allocation.For example: the harbour in the transportation of water route, the emergency guarantee point in the emergency management and rescue network.The attribute of standing mainly contains two kinds, and a kind of is the obstruction intensity at station, and its representative and relevant expense or the obstruction of standing are for example in the used time of stevedoring goods etc.; Another kind of attribute is the resources requirement at station, the quantity that its expression resource increases or reduces on the station.When the demand of standing is positive number, is illustrated on this station and picks up resource, otherwise, be illustrated on this station and unload resource.
The turning refers to may turning to of all resource flows on the network node in the network.After resource flows to relevant node along a certain chain, both can be former to returning, also can flow to any other chain that links to each other with this node.Different with other element of network, the relation between the lattice chain is represented at the turning, rather than real world entities is abstract.Yet in real network, there is very big influence at the turning to resource mobile, for example forbids that vehicle is turned left at the parting of the ways etc.The main attribute at turning is the obstruction intensity at turning, and it is illustrated in a node place resource and flows to a certain time or the expense that chain is required.When the obstruction intensity level was negative, the expression resource forbade flowing to this segmental arc.
Obstacle refers to the intransitable network node of Internet resources, has hindered resource and has flowed between coupled any two chains.Obstacle is not with any attribute, but directly forbids the running status of lattice chain.Because geographical network different application and in the variation of each time period has quite a few attribute to need the dynamic tracking management.Management to attribute should be satisfied following requirement: the variation of an attribute data does not influence other any attribute data; Can increase and delete an attribute easily; Only handle interested attribute in the application, reduce data processing amount and memory space; Can combine with reference to the location with the linearity of practical application.
Specific implementation is divided into two steps, at first sets up basic graphic element: point (point), line (line).The point element comprises node (node) and point (dot), and line element comprises segmental arc (arc), broken line (poly line) and section (route), and the element in this level has comprised geometry relevant with key element and topology information, and does not comprise the intension of reality.Explicit expression topological relation not between point and the broken line, their topological relation can obtain by coordinate computation; The whole explicitlies of topological relation between node and segmental arc are described out, but figure not necessarily produces node through the plane reinforcement between the crossing segmental arc; Section is by obtaining from basic line element mapping.
Define grid key element then increases the attribute of describing geographical network in the reality on element figure, promptly to the description of the characteristic beyond the space characteristics of geographical entity.Network element comprises elementary factor, compound key element.Elementary factor may be vertex type or line type, and comprises the path key element under the dynamic segmentation, and elementary factor may be described topological relation or non-topological relation.Compound key element is made of elementary factor or other compound key element, can define topological relation (as the connection topology of compound key element), and the elementary factor that does not have topology can not aggregate into compound key element.
Under topological mode, a topology point key element represents by a node that normally represent at the most by the segmental arc or the section of bar by one for a topological limit key element.Under non-topological mode, key element defines by fundamental element point and broken line, and a non-topology point key element represents that by a point a non-topological line feature defines by a broken line, does not define any topological relation between the fundamental element.
Section itself does not comprise the intension of real network entity, and the path of being made up of set of segments has then increased network attribute, can represent the linear feature of geographical network.The connection topological relation between the section has been reflected in the path, and two paths intersection does not produce node, does not promptly strengthen through the plane.There are two aspect effects in the path, represents on the one hand the linear key element of city integrated pipe network, and that the path can be expressed is continuous, discontinuous, the linear key element of band branch; Define linear basis of reference on the other hand, be used for the location of city integrated pipe network incident.
As shown in Figure 2, the basic factors layer is made up of culture point that has definite position in the real world and line segment, only upgrades geometric data at this one deck, and this layer is based on the geographical space reference system, the basic factors layer is the basis of network model, and other layer all shared the geometric data of this one deck.Use the network element in the key element layer definition reality, comprise elementary factor (road element, supply lines) and complicated key element (road, viaduct, integrated pipe canal), the renewal of this one deck realizes by the mapping with bottom.
Linear reference layer and incident layer all are based on linear reference system, linear reference layer has defined linear in network and linear reference method, for the incident layer provides positioning reference, the path is a main body of describing linear reference method, in the incident layer location of incident by along the measurement in path apart from realization.
Two, set up the change events of city integrated pipe network, incident comprises attribute, the physical characteristics of city integrated pipe network and occurs in fortuitous phenomena on the network, accident etc.
Described incident is with respect to the variation of the geographical network element in basis on room and time, also belong to the city integrated pipe network key element, be expression to the city integrated pipe network multidate information, its equally with geographical network chain, geographical network node, center, stand, the form of turning and obstacle acts on the city integrated pipe network system.The attribute information of city integrated pipe network incident comprises the effective object of incident, thematic information variation, space characteristics and the temporal characteristics that causes.
The effective object of incident and the thematic information that causes change relevant with the city integrated pipe network application, information that it needs when representing city integrated pipe network to use and the influence that brings.Effective object is represented the relation of incident and basic network key element, and it then is the attribute of incident at certain application that the thematic information that causes changes.For example, the explosive area in population evacuation's network, build-up area and people's air defense shelter works are handled as the some incident that depends on road network in the urban air defense population evacuation model.For another example, the current limit for height in overpass and tunnel etc. can be used as an incident to army along the motor-driven influence degree of road and expresses in the urban road network, and the highway section of impaired highway section or driving wide variety can be used as the line incident to the influence of passage rate and handles.
The position that the space characteristics presentation of events of city integrated pipe network incident takes place along the linear key element locating events of network, therefore, can be divided into incident an incident and line incident from the space.Describe the particular location of an incident or the start-stop position of line incident with case point, adopt the method for linear reference, promptly known location point+linear deflection scale shows.As shown in Figure 3, each bar record can be used as an incident in the table of standing, and each bar record can be used as the line incident in the pipe network quality table.
Three, set up the topological relation of city integrated pipe network key element, city integrated pipe network key element topological relation is to set up relations such as association between above-mentioned network structure key element (node, segmental arc), adjacency, i.e. connective or adjacent relation between the key element.Association is meant the relation between the dissimilar key elements, in abutting connection with the relation that is meant between the phase homeomorphism key element of describing by means of dissimilar key elements.
City integrated pipe network will have two kinds of expression waies.First kind of mode be do not consider spatial relationship between network entity with entity itself as management, storage and the object handled, for example road does not consider that the situation that circuit intersects preserves road as entity, this way has kept the integrality of geographical network entity, data structure is simple, but can't carry out network analysis, and the common node geometric position between the entity may be inconsistent.Another kind of mode is that complete geographical network entity is further dispersed, come recording geographical position, expression geographical phenomenon with point, these two kinds of fundamental element types of line, under this mode, the discrete storage of geometric data makes whole line target be separated into segmental arc, destroyed the globality of entity itself, therefore to find out the relation between key element, intactly express the geographical network phenomenon.
Adopt discrete point, line to represent city integrated pipe network, need to express the topological relation between the key element, be illustrated in figure 4 as six kinds of topological relations between point, the line.The spatial logic meaning of topological relation overweights its geometric meaning, and the topological relation of describing network has following advantage:
(a) topological relation has reflected the logical organization relation between the key element, and this topology information has bigger stability than the geometric position.Do not need to utilize coordinate or distance, can determine the spatial relation of a kind of key element with respect to another key element.
(b) utilize topological relation to be convenient to connectivity relationship between query elements point, the line.
(c) utilize topological relation to be convenient to the carrying out of network analysis.
Four, city integrated pipe network key element semantic relation is set up in the expression of city integrated pipe network essential characteristic and rule, traditional data models mainly stresses to express the geometric properties of geographic element, its semantic relation and internal relations are often out in the cold, the ignorance of semantic relation is actually the ignorance to the geographical phenomenon rule, in city integrated pipe network, ignore semantic relation and can cause when being used for complicated, profound network analysis, seeming passive based on the data model of this understanding.In city integrated pipe network, semantic relation can guarantee the quality of data better, for simcity comprehensive pipe network phenomenon provides constraint criterion, thus the spatial entities that can describe by the computing machine city integrated pipe network of simulating reality truly.
As shown in Figure 5, the semantic relation modeling of city integrated pipe network key element of the present invention is the process that the city integrated pipe network domain knowledge is represented, be the abstract of each component units of domain knowledge, semantic relation comprises knowledge and rule, knowledge is the rule that can serializing stores in the tables of data, and rule is the mode of knowledge affect.By research to the city integrated pipe network application, the geographical network entity attribute that extracts in the urban development planning to be concerned about and to the rule of urban development planning, and in conjunction with the domain-planning of city integrated pipe network self-operating, form knowledge base, retrain the behavior of city integrated pipe network key element with the form of rule.
Knowledge in the semantic relation model is converted into rule, shine upon by model, be converted into the inspection rule of check application model, all kinds of abstraction relation in the semantic relation model just can be mapped in the application model like this, semantic relation in the application model has been violated the abstraction relation of domain knowledge, can be examined out and give correct prompting.
Rule is used for the constraint behavior on the knowledge definition basis, the present invention is divided into following several types with rule:
(a) Lian Tongxing constraint rule refers to the connection rule between lattice chain and the network node, and node is crossroad, overhead, grade separation or tunnel when judging that intersect in two road in the road net;
(b) uncorrelated constraint rule refers to the impossible relation that exists between the network element, cannot the coordination low coverage bury underground as line of electric force and gas piping; Water supply pipe cannot intersect with oil pipeline to be buried underground;
(c) based on the constraint rule of condition, refer to if condition satisfies and could trigger certain incident or things certain restriction is all arranged as the elevation of burying underground of sewer line, sewage just can't discharge when being lower than a certain value;
(d) constraint rule of Ji Suaning refers to provide the computation attribute value, not only determines the columns of vehicle ' as lane width, and has influence on the speed of advancing.The road speed average velocity that column advances on the road in different pavings that different widths of roadway allow.
Five, set up city integrated pipe network Physical data model (physical data model),, finish the related of geometric data model and attribute data, relation by the physical organization of city integrated pipe network data.As shown in Figure 6, Physical data model is the data model of reflection data store organisation, is the specific implementation of logic data model on computer-readable storage medium.Physical data model is not only relevant with data base management system (DBMS), but also relevant with operating system and hardware, by the physical organization of city integrated pipe network data, finishes the related of geometric data model and attribute data, relation.
Graphic data base structrual description in the pipe network database:
For the point-like geographic entity, store this point-like geographic entity anchor point X, Y, Z as Fig. 6 (a), each numerical value is stored by 32 integer.
For the wire geographic entity, this field store is formed the sum of the point of this feature, the number of segmental arc, the number of segmental arc corresponding point and the coordinate figure of each point as Fig. 6 (b), and wherein each numerical value is stored by 32 integer.
For the planar geographic entity in the pipe network data, this field store is formed the polygonal number of this feature, polygonal counting and its corresponding point coordinate as Fig. 6 (c), and wherein each numerical value is stored by 32 integer.
The data set model of pipe network data adopts layer management (VectorLayer), object set (RenderObjectSet), object structures such as (RenderObject) to describe.Wherein, " object " refers to comprehensive key element, and it is the base class of object in all pipe network in three-dimensional scenes.The object that derives from from this base class comprises that mainly grid, landform, pipeline key element, complex object, other regular objects describe.Object set is the encapsulation of elements combination in the system, each pipe network data object is abstract to be key element (MeshFeature), various key elements are polymerized to factor data collection (RenderObjectSet) unification and are managed its UML structural drawing such as Fig. 6 (d) by layer management device (VectorLayer).
Claims (2)
1. an integrated three-dimensional data modeling method that is used for comprehensive pipe network geographic information system is characterized in that it comprises the steps:
(1), carry out abstract to the city integrated pipe network key element, the key element of described city integrated pipe network comprises geographical network chain, geographical network node, center, stands, turning and obstacle, and the corresponding attribute of each class key element set, described city integrated pipe network key element is abstract to be primary graphic element and network element, and described primary graphic element comprises an element, line element; Described network element is to increase the attribute of describing geographical network in the reality on element figure, and described some element comprises node and point, and line element comprises segmental arc, broken line and section;
(2), make up the change events of city integrated pipe network, the change events of described city integrated pipe network comprises attribute, the physical characteristics of city integrated pipe network and occurs in fortuitous phenomena, accident on the network, the change events of city integrated pipe network spatially is divided into an incident and line incident, the method of linear reference is adopted in the start-stop position of the particular location of described some incident or line incident, and promptly known location point+linear deflection scale shows;
(3), make up city integrated pipe network key element topological relation, described topological relation comprises association, the syntople between the city integrated pipe network key element;
(4), set up city integrated pipe network key element semantic relation model according to city integrated pipe network essential characteristic and rule;
(5), set up the city integrated pipe network Physical data model, by the physical organization of city integrated pipe network data, realize the related of relevant geometric data model and attribute data, relation.
2. the integrated three-dimensional data modeling method that is used for comprehensive pipe network geographic information system according to claim 1 is characterized in that, in the step (5), further comprises:
For the point-like geographic entity, store this point-like geographic entity anchor point X, Y, Z, each numerical value is stored by 32 integer;
For the wire geographic entity, sum, the number of segmental arc, the number of segmental arc corresponding point and the coordinate figure of each point of the point of this feature formed in storage in field, and wherein each numerical value is stored by 32 integer;
For the planar geographic entity in the pipe network data, polygonal number, polygonal the counting and its corresponding point coordinate of this feature formed in storage in field, and wherein each numerical value is stored by 32 integer.
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| US10380272B2 (en) | 2015-04-30 | 2019-08-13 | International Business Machines Corporation | Update computer-implemented method, computer program product and computer system for generating or updating topology model of pressure pipe network |
| CN105069231A (en) * | 2015-08-11 | 2015-11-18 | 珠海格力电器股份有限公司 | Intensive heat-supply pipe network layout method and system |
| CN105335478B (en) * | 2015-10-10 | 2018-01-16 | 深圳市数字城市工程研究中心 | The method and apparatus for building urban land space multistory survey data semantic association |
| CN109256028B (en) * | 2018-08-28 | 2020-08-11 | 江苏久高电子科技有限公司 | Method for automatically generating unmanned high-precision road network |
| CN110020799B (en) * | 2019-03-28 | 2022-02-25 | 哈尔滨航天恒星数据系统科技有限公司 | Urban management grid resource allocation based on space-time reference |
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| CN1595455A (en) * | 2004-06-30 | 2005-03-16 | 南京大学 | Real-time three-dimensional geology modeling method based on GIS and virtual reality |
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