CN101685368A - Method for displaying and browsing layered information - Google Patents

Method for displaying and browsing layered information Download PDF

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CN101685368A
CN101685368A CN200810156846A CN200810156846A CN101685368A CN 101685368 A CN101685368 A CN 101685368A CN 200810156846 A CN200810156846 A CN 200810156846A CN 200810156846 A CN200810156846 A CN 200810156846A CN 101685368 A CN101685368 A CN 101685368A
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node
hierarchical information
demonstration
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polygonal region
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张康
郝杰
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Abstract

The invention discloses a method for displaying and browsing layered information, which can realize the browsing and the selection of the layered information by displaying the layered information witha tree structure on a display screen and selecting a corresponding display region. The method comprises the following steps: confirming the weight and the type of each node in the tree structure; dividing the display region into polygonal regions which are not overlapped mutually according to the weight and the type of each node, and arranging the polygonal regions in a layered way; displaying all layered information options in the polygonal regions which are not overlapped mutually in the display region according to a layered way, and directly selecting a corresponding region of informationrequired by a user so as to realize the selection. The invention can utilize a screen space to the limit and has distinct layered structure; and the user can rapidly search an interested node, therefore, the clicking time is reduced, the selection speed is remarkably improved, the applicability is strong, and the application flexibility is high.

Description

A kind of demonstration of hierarchical information and browsing method
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of demonstration and browsing method of user interface, be specifically related to a kind of demonstration of hierarchical information and method of browsing of on the small screen, carrying out.
Background technology
In recent years, the user that has a mobile device of microprocessor chip such as mobile phone, PDA(Personal Digital Assistant), portable audio ﹠ video equipment becomes explosive increase trend.Increasing people obtains the important means of information to mobile device as controlling oneself, so the utilization of information visualization method is paid close attention to by the scholar on small screen devices such as mobile phone gradually.Though the hardware performance of mobile device has a raising greatly, it is inconvenient that the operation of demonstration and browsing information in the above remains.Because the restriction of display screen size, cause to adopt the menu that uses on the existing giant-screen to show and browsing mode can't satisfy user's demand.
It is ripe that method for visualizing on giant-screens such as computer has been tending towards, and along with the information explosion of nearly more than ten years, all kinds of charts (pie chart, histogram etc.) are used to help people's problem identificatioin in magnanimity information, seeks the trend and the trend of information.Nowadays, the processing speed of computer, graphic plotting ability and play up ability all in growth at full speed is so complicated more perfect visual instrument is used in fields such as financial analysis, remote monitoring, gene studies more and more.
Extensive application message structure in the modern society is all level, i.e. tree structure, and such as the product classification table, network documentation, computer file system, company's occurrences in human life structure etc.Not only make the user more clearly be familiar with relation between message structure and the information object, management data better so can clearly show tree-like information.Thus, how by the visual station-keeping ability that improves in tree-like information, homing capability becomes an important subject under discussion.
So far how existing a lot of method researchs show tree-like information.They roughly can be divided into two classes: connecting-type (Connection) and filled-type (Space-filling).
Common fillibility algorithm adopts rectangle to come representation node, in the viewing area, represents the zone of child node to be placed within the zone of representing parent node.For example Tree Maps is exactly a kind of typical filled-type view, in Tree Maps, tree structure has been shown as one group of rectangle that comprises mutually, and each information object is a rectangle, and the rectangle of all expression child nodes is contained in the rectangle of representing their parent node.The filled-type view can obtain better viewing area space availability ratio, but clear inadequately to the expression of hierarchical relationship.
Tree-like information visualization method on the mobile device such as most of mobile phones is based on the tree-like information visualization method on the computer of being applied to now.Because be good at the tree structure of clear display, the most normal being used of connecting-type method.B.Karstens, M.Kreuseler and H.Schumann are in the Visualization of ComplexStructures on Mobile Handhelds that delivers on " 1993InternationalWorkshop on Mobile Computing procceedings " (labyrinth on cell phone a visual) literary composition, disclose Magic Eye view and Rectangular View view, accompanying drawing 1 is to adopt Magic Eye view to show the example of hierarchy on mobile device; Accompanying drawing 2 is the examples that adopt Rectangular View view to show.Said method can show a plurality of nodes of sandwich construction, and still, as seen from the figure, these methods all can't be utilized screen space fully; Bigger problem is, show that said method is applied in the mobile device of the small screen owing to need carry out the classification split screen, when carrying out the choosing of node to hierarchical information, need carry out repeatedly click or push-botton operation, prolong the time that the user seeks its interested node thus.
And adopt existing filled-type structure, and be subjected to the restriction of screen size, be difficult to the clear hierarchical relationship of expressing more, can influence user's search speed equally.
Thereby, how on the small screen, to show tree structure effectively, just the emphasis of the present invention's research.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention provides a kind of method that hierarchical information shows and browses that realizes on the small screen, click number of times to improve the utilization factor of on-screen display (osd) area, to reduce, and makes the user can find its interested nodal information quickly.
The present invention is used for show levels tree structure on two-dimensional space, can be referred to as Radial EdgelessTree (RELT).
For achieving the above object, the technical solution used in the present invention is: a kind of demonstration of hierarchical information and browsing method, described hierarchical information is the tree structure that comprises at least one parent node and at least one child node, by on display screen, showing hierarchical information, and corresponding display region chosen realize browsing and selecting of hierarchical information, comprise the following steps:
(1) determine the weight and the type of each node in the tree structure, described weight is based on certain feature of the child node of this node, and described type is determined based on the relation of other node in this node and the tree structure;
(2) polygonal region that the viewing area is divided into non-overlapping copies according to the weight and the type of node, described polygonal region is arranged with layered mode, promptly except that root node, the polygonal region of a corresponding node and the adjacent layout of polygonal region to parent node that should node;
To show by described layered mode in the polygonal region of each hierarchical information option non-overlapping copies in described viewing area that (3) user directly chooses the corresponding region of information needed to realize selection.
Above, each polygonal region tiles adjacency mutually and not overlapping, and the adjacent edge of polygonal region can be a straight-line segment, also can be arc.
In the technique scheme, in the described step (2), in the viewing area, the position of the polygonal region of at first given corresponding root node, the node of the next stage of tree structure is in the setting that stretches out of the periphery of the polygonal region of even higher level of node correspondence, and polygonal shape selects to make the set of polygonal region of described non-overlapping copies to cover whole viewing area.
Wherein, the polygonal region of described corresponding root node is arranged in a bight of viewing area, limit, central authorities or by a place of the some position of user's appointment.
Further technical scheme after described step (2) is set polygonal region, also comprises setting regions is optimized set-up procedure, and the polygonal region that makes setting matches with hierarchical information to be shown.
In the technique scheme, described viewing area is the display screen on the device of a kind of or its combination in mobile phone, personal digital assistant, portable audio player, portable video player, stock handset, the palm PC.
In the technique scheme, definite method of the weight of node and type comprises in the described tree structure,
Determine weight, node place layer, parent node and the child node of each node;
When a node is unique child node of its parent node, setting type is 1, when a node is in a plurality of child nodes of its parent node first, setting type is 2, when a node is in a plurality of child nodes of its parent node last, setting type is 3, when in a plurality of child nodes of a node at its parent node neither first neither last the time, setting type is 4.
Wherein, the employing of the weight of described each node and type travels through realization (depth-first and range excellent all can) to tree structure.
A kind of or its array mode that adopts in touch-screen touch, button, roller, the phonetic order of choosing of described viewing area realizes.
Because the technique scheme utilization, the present invention compared with prior art has following advantage:
The present invention adopt in abutting connection with and nonoverlapping polygon is divided on-screen display (osd) area, can maximally utilise screen space;
2. owing to adopt weight and type to divide to parent node and child node, be placed into respectively in the different polygonal regions, thereby hierarchy is clear, the user can arrive its interested node by fast searching;
3. compare with existing classification display method, user of the present invention clicks number of times and greatly reduces, and the speed that clicks is fast, when particularly using in mobile phone and stock handset, can obviously improve selection speed;
4. according to different application, the present invention can define the diverse location of root node and final display structure, thereby applicability is strong, the application flexibility height.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the demonstration example of available technology adopting Magic Eye view on mobile device;
Fig. 2 is the demonstration example of available technology adopting Rectangular View view on mobile device;
Fig. 3 is the synoptic diagram of university's structure of institutes and departments among the embodiment one;
Fig. 4, Fig. 5, Fig. 6 are confirmed as the upper left corner, the lower left corner and middle the time when the position of root node among the embodiment one, the department's structure that shows with the RELT method;
Fig. 7 is the demonstration synoptic diagram when the comp node is set to new root node among the embodiment one;
Fig. 8 is stock market's display structure synoptic diagram that root node is positioned at central authorities among the embodiment two;
Fig. 9 is the stock market's display structure synoptic diagram when root node is positioned at the upper left corner among the embodiment two;
Figure 10 is the simulation demonstration synoptic diagram that RELT is applied to Sprint pcs handset system among the embodiment three;
Figure 11 is the displayed map of Sprint PCS real machine;
Figure 12 is the 2nd kind of simulation display structure synoptic diagram among the embodiment three;
Figure 13 is the 3rd kind of simulation display structure synoptic diagram among the embodiment three;
Figure 14 is the average number of times comparison diagram that touches among the embodiment three;
Figure 15 is an average used time comparison diagram among the embodiment three.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples the present invention is further described, the present invention can be applied to multiple different mobile device, and the following example only is used to assist the understanding to technical solution of the present invention, does not limit protection scope of the present invention.
Embodiment one: a kind of demonstration of hierarchical information and browsing method (RELT), described hierarchical information is the tree structure that comprises at least one parent node and at least one child node, by on display screen, showing hierarchical information, and corresponding display region chosen realize browsing and selecting of hierarchical information, comprise the following steps:
(1) determine the weight and the type of each node in the tree structure, described weight is based on certain feature of the child node of this node, and described type is determined based on the relation of other node in this node and the tree structure;
(2) polygonal region that the viewing area is divided into non-overlapping copies according to the weight and the type of node, described polygonal region is arranged with layered mode, promptly except that root node, the polygonal region of a corresponding node and the adjacent layout of polygonal region to parent node that should node;
To show by described layered mode in the polygonal region of each hierarchical information option non-overlapping copies in described viewing area that (3) user directly chooses the corresponding region of information needed to realize selection.
RELT belongs to and disperses the filled-type method in classification.The design original intention of the method is to draw the advantage of connecting-type and filled-type, both can clear display structure, can efficiently utilize screen space again.Be explained as follows with a kind of method intuitively: for a given tree-like message structure and given display screen,
(1) represents (is the divergence form tree such as Radial-) with connecting-type.
(2) and fix the position of each node.
(3) each node is imagined as balloon, in balloon, inflates, make all balloon expansions until being full of whole screen.
Like this, because the stationkeeping of node, so structure clearly when having kept connecting-type.Simultaneously, because all nodes have been full of whole screen, the space has been utilized efficiently.
A kind of implementation algorithm:
Before the implementation algorithm of describing RELT, we at first are presented in needed term and symbol in the description.
T=(V, E, r) rooted tree of expression.Wherein V is the set of tree node, and E is for connecting the set on seeds node limit, and r is a root node.
The set of leaf node during L represents to set.
(v) (v ∈ V) expression is the tree of root node with v to T.According to the difference of v, T (v) has following three kinds of situations
If v is root node (v=r), T (v) represents whole tree.
If v is leaf node (v ∈ L), T (v) includes only the v node.
If v neither is a root node, when also being not leaf node, T (v) represents with v to be the subtree of root node.
(v) represent the set of all child nodes of v, (v) i represents i the child of v to CV to CV.
Use the RELT algorithm, screen is divided into the adjacent changeable shape zone that does not overlap.Each region representation is a node in the tree.In arthmetic statement, three kinds of zones are arranged:
WA (v) represents the zone that node v subordinate is all.
OA (v) represents the zone that node v oneself is occupied.
DA (represents that v) node v is allocated to the zone of its all child nodes.
A RELT shows should meet following three criterions:
(1) (polygon v) must be drawn in WA (v) to each expression T.(size v) is that the parent node by v is determined to zone WA.
(2) if v is a non-child node, then v (v) is allocated to its all child node to OA.
(3) the polygonal size of expression node can be relevant with certain attribute of node, such as the weight of node.
Specific algorithm is represented by following false code:
Algorithm RELT
Input: set V, root node r
Begin
Determine that root node position // by user oneself is according to the demand setting
DFS // degree of depth traverse tree (equally also can range traversal)
If node v does not have processed then
If v is non-child node
OA(v)=createOA(v,LT);
The needed zone of // computing node v self
Child's number of if v is greater than 1
DA(v)=WA(v)-OA(v)
DF(DA(v))->WA(CV)
// node v (v) is allocated to its child node to DA
Else //v has only a child
DA(v)=WA(v)
//DA (v) belongs to unique child node
Else // node v is a leaf node
WA(v)=OA(v)=DA(v)
end
Present embodiment is applied to university's structure of institutes and departments information demonstration and browses: shown in accompanying drawing 3, suppose that this president wants to show with mobile phone the structure of institutes and departments of own university in certain meeting.He only needed for two steps came to show that with RELT the universities and colleges of oneself are provided with.
(1) determines the position of root node.
(2) determine to represent that with what kind of node adjacency position contact between the node, the situation of assumed by default are, if be that " mothers and sons " concern that then two nodes face mutually, and root node is on the direction of two node lines between two nodes.
Fig. 4, Fig. 5, Fig. 6 are confirmed as the upper left corner, the lower left corner and middle the time when the position of root node among the embodiment one, the department's structure that shows with the RELT method.
The user can pass through to wait directionkeys browsing information node easily up and down on the mobile device (as mobile phone).Directionkeys and corresponding operation are as follows in this example:
Last key: recalling the parent node of browsing node now, is root node as browsing node now, does not then have operation;
Following key: transferring to first child who browses node now, is leaf node as browsing node now, does not then have operation;
Left button: transfer to a last brother who browses node now,, then do not have operation as browsing first child that node is its parent node now;
Right button: transfer to a back brother who browses node now,, then do not have operation as browsing the last child that node is its parent node now.
Just can be with a kind of highlighted demonstration (as using red or flicker), as " comp " node that shows among Fig. 4 to Fig. 6 at viewed information node.Any selected node can be set to new root node, and what Fig. 7 showed is when the selected situation of doing new root node of " comp " node.
Embodiment two: a kind of demonstration of hierarchical information and browsing method (RELT) are used for stock market's real time data processing.
Ever-increasing arithmetic capability of mobile phone and graphic capability make mobile phone more and more become a real time data processing instrument.The visual application in stock market on the mobile phone is one of them.The stock market can be divided into different plates, and each plate can be refined into several fields, and every field comprises different listed companies again, and clearly this is a message structure that has tree-like feature.Tree-like information visualization method on the use mobile phone is monitored the stock market and is navigated and can save time greatly.
The instrument that much utilizes the tree structure method for visualizing to show the stock market is arranged now.Wherein Tree Map is by wide range of commercialization, such as " the Portfolio Map " on the www.smartmoney.com.Portfolio Map adopts traditional color mark on color, green expression is risen, and red expression descends, and black is represented no change, and grey colour specification user does not have share-holding.The size of rectangle and corresponding corporate share capital stock are proportional.
Use Tree Map method that the stock market is carried out visually can utilizing screen efficiently.But its shortcoming is obvious too:
The hierarchical structure (promptly tree-like) of stock market that (1) can't clear display.
(2) each time only to show the one deck in the tree structure.
More than 2 extremely important for stock market's monitoring tools.Clearly, show that intuitively stock market's structure is an important task of stock market's visualization tool.In addition, the problem that stock market's visualization tool often need be answered the user is: how is the stock market that today, I was concerned about? this problem difficulty both comprise big aspect, comprise little aspect again.Be similar to " today, fell the stock market " and " so-and-so stock market is pretty good " all is underproof answer.Picture " stock market's integral body has bounce-back, but the high-tech stock severity of software industry drop especially, astonishing is that it is fine that software thigh SNPS rises " stratified like this answer is only satisfactory answer.Like this, the 2nd of Tree Map the shortcoming causes providing the answer that comprises multi-level information.
Fig. 8, Fig. 9 are the RELT display mode synoptic diagram of stock market.We can see that as a tree structure visualization method, RELT can accomplish:
(1) tree-like hierarchical structure is described clear and intuitively.
(2) efficiently utilize screen space.
(3) shown the character of the stock market that monitors from several levels.
Embodiment three: the demonstration of hierarchical information and browsing method (RELT) are used for the navigation menu of mobile phone.
For the validity of correct assessment RELT in information navigation, the mobile phone that we use RELT to simulate Sprint PCS model on simulator, and compare with traditional mobile phone navigate mode.As shown in figure 10, in order not cause too big obscuring on display structure, we place root node the center of screen when using the RELT simulation.The current real figure of SpringPCS Vision mobile phone that is just using that Figure 11 will simulate for us in the U.S..
The Spring mobile phone interface:
Cell phone system comprises different service functions, and each service function can be refined as further sub-services.Like this, the service function of cell phone system can be dispensed in the tree-like hierarchical structure.As shown in figure 11, the Sprint pcs handset provides 9 big class service functions.This 9 big class service function can be refined as 43 sub-service functions, and each sub-services function can further be refined as 0 to 6 thinner function service.Spring pcs handset system comprises 5 levels altogether, about 220 nodes.The user is according to individual human needs, and certain node that reaches in this service function tree uses function corresponding.Sprint PCS takes traditional based on the touch navigation mode, the user only need select relevant COS by touching, if selected COS is a leaf node in the service tree, then open related service, watch all sub-services otherwise enter its service type the inside.
As shown in figure 10, we use RELT to come the analogue mobile phone system on SUN mobile phone simulator.What the SUN simulator read in is an XML file that has Sprint pcs handset service tree.Root node " Menu " is selected as the start node of acquiescence.Any selected node can be highlighted demonstration.The user can be provided with the number of plies that shows on each screen, and in this example, we are provided with the number of plies that at every turn is shown is three layers.For with traditional information navigation mode correspondence, has also taked based on the mode that touches at the RELT interface.
On each polygon of mark, utilize irregular polygonal space for bigger as far as possible, and prevent that character string and polygonal limit from overlapping, we have designed special algorithm, are expressed as follows:
(1) calculates polygonal center.
(2) calculate the center of the character string that will mark.
(3) calculate the longest limit of polygon.
(4) center of mark and polygonal center are overlapped.
(5) the reference character string is parallel with polygon.
As Figure 12 and shown in Figure 13, by this algorithm, we also can mark different polygons more attractive in appearancely.
Performance compares:
As shown in Table 1, we have designed the task of group selection service, and select one group of 18 student to use RELT interface and Sprint PCS interface to finish these tasks.
Form 1 task list
??Action Task
??1 ??Find?if?you?called?Mike?on?March?23 Check that whether you once phoned Mike March 23
??2 ??Find?whether?David?has?called?you?on?March?10 Check whether David rang to you March 10
??3 ??Find?the?Settings?of?the?Receiver?Volume?of?the?Speaker Find the service that the microphone volume is set
??4 ??Go?to?Stopwatch?Lap2 Find the stopwatch in the mobile phone
??5 ??Find?the?Settings?of?the?Power-off?Tone Find the service that the shutdown sound is set
??6 ??Launch?Tetris?gram Enter the Tetris recreation
??7 ??View?the?Picture?Album Find and Album for glancing over pictures
??8 ??Find?the?Settings?of?the?Messaging?Signature Find the service that note signature is set
??9 ??Find?the?Directory?Services Find the service that file is set
Figure 14 has represented the average touch number of times of student under the different tasks.From figure, for all tasks, required touch time number average required touch number of times when using traditional Sprint information navigation when the student uses RELT.
Figure 15 has represented that for different task the student finishes the work needed averaging time.From figure, only in three tasks (1,6,9), the student uses the required time ratio of RELT to use the required time of traditional approach short.Compared with the traditional type information navigation mode of accepting extensively, the student needs the time to go to understand and use the RELT mode, is understandable so touch interlude twice when using RELT than using traditional approach length.

Claims (8)

1. the demonstration of a hierarchical information and browsing method, described hierarchical information is the tree structure that comprises at least one parent node and at least one child node, by on display screen, showing hierarchical information, and corresponding display region chosen realize browsing and selecting of hierarchical information, it is characterized in that, comprise the following steps:
(1) determine the weight and the type of each node in the tree structure, described weight is based on certain feature of the child node of this node, and described type is determined based on the relation of other node in this node and the tree structure;
(2) polygonal region that the viewing area is divided into non-overlapping copies according to the weight and the type of node, described polygonal region is arranged with layered mode, promptly except that root node, the polygonal region of a corresponding node and the adjacent layout of polygonal region to parent node that should node;
To show by described layered mode in the polygonal region of each hierarchical information option non-overlapping copies in described viewing area that (3) user directly chooses the corresponding region of information needed to realize selection.
2. the demonstration of hierarchical information according to claim 1 and browsing method, it is characterized in that: in the described step (2), in the viewing area, the position of the polygonal region of at first given corresponding root node, the node of the next stage of tree structure is in the setting that stretches out of the periphery of the polygonal region of even higher level of node correspondence, and polygonal shape selects to make the set of polygonal region of described non-overlapping copies to cover whole viewing area.
3. the demonstration of hierarchical information according to claim 2 and browsing method is characterized in that: the polygonal region of described corresponding root node is arranged in a bight of viewing area, limit, central authorities or by a place of the some position of user's appointment.
4. the demonstration of hierarchical information according to claim 1 and browsing method, it is characterized in that: after described step (2) is set polygonal region, comprise also setting regions is optimized set-up procedure that the polygonal region that makes setting matches with hierarchical information to be shown.
5. the demonstration of hierarchical information according to claim 1 and browsing method is characterized in that: described viewing area is the display screen on the device of a kind of or its combination in mobile phone, personal digital assistant, portable audio player, portable video player, stock handset, the palm PC.
6. the demonstration of hierarchical information according to claim 1 and browsing method, it is characterized in that: definite method of the weight of node and type comprises in the described tree structure,
Determine weight, node place layer, parent node and the child node of each node;
When a node is unique child node of its parent node, setting type is 1, when a node is in a plurality of child nodes of its parent node first, setting type is 2, when a node is in a plurality of child nodes of its parent node last, setting type is 3, when in a plurality of child nodes of a node at its parent node neither first neither last the time, setting type is 4.
7. the demonstration of hierarchical information according to claim 6 and browsing method is characterized in that: the determining by tree structure is traveled through realization of the weight of described each node and type.
8. the demonstration of hierarchical information according to claim 1 and browsing method is characterized in that: a kind of or its array mode that adopts in touch-screen touch, button, roller, the phonetic order of choosing of described viewing area realizes.
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CN103268334A (en) * 2013-05-10 2013-08-28 上海摩软通讯技术有限公司 Screen display method of mobile terminal
CN103885711A (en) * 2014-03-21 2014-06-25 深圳市东方拓宇科技有限公司 Method and system for controlling screen splitting of electronic device
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