CN101683613B - Catalytic agent for air electrode and novel air electrode manufactured by catalytic agent and manufacturing method of air electrode - Google Patents
Catalytic agent for air electrode and novel air electrode manufactured by catalytic agent and manufacturing method of air electrode Download PDFInfo
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- CN101683613B CN101683613B CN200810222690.XA CN200810222690A CN101683613B CN 101683613 B CN101683613 B CN 101683613B CN 200810222690 A CN200810222690 A CN 200810222690A CN 101683613 B CN101683613 B CN 101683613B
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- air electrode
- catalyst
- catalytic agent
- catalytic
- membrane
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
Abstract
The invention discloses a catalytic agent for an air electrode and a novel air electrode manufactured by the catalytic agent and a manufacturing method of the air electrode; the catalytic agent for the air electrode is formed by compounding a main catalytic agent and at least one auxiliary catalytic agent; the main catalytic agent is metal salts containing manganese, and the auxiliary catalytic agent is rare earth compound or rare metal compound; the weight of the main catalytic agent accounts for 60-85 percent of total weight of the catalytic agent, and the remaining is the auxiliary catalytic agent. The novel air electrode is formed by pressing a catalytic membrane, a current collector and a water-proofing breathable film sequentially. In order to manufacture the novel air electrode, the catalytic membrane and the water-proofing breathable film are firstly manufactured, and then are pressed together or pressed together with a meshed current collector, and then the air electrode is prepared after removing organic solvents.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of air electrode catalyst and novel air electrode and preparation method with its making.
Background technology
Zinc-air battery has that capacity is large, specific energy is high, stable operating voltage, use are safe, cheap, advantages of environment protection, receives the concern of domestic and international research unit and enterprise always.Along with the development of Modern Manufacturing Technology, its potentiality show gradually, its application and gradually expand, not only continue extensive use in the traditional field such as portable communicator, medical device, rivers navigation light, electronic watch, calculator, and just developing the power supply that is applicable to the multiple advanced portable type electronic product such as mobile phone, notebook computer at present, and for developing electric vehicle electrical source of power.
Oxygen electrode is a kind of gas-diffusion electrode, is widely used in fuel cell and metal-air battery.The one side of oxygen electrode contacts with electrolyte, and another side contacts with oxygen.In battery discharge procedure, oxygen electrode is as negative electrode, and oxygen diffuses into electrode interior along electrode surface, issues raw reduction reaction in the effect of catalyst.For chargeable battery, oxygen electrode in charging process as anode, at electrode surface generation oxygen evolution reaction.If the oxygen in the direct consumed cabin air of battery, corresponding electrode is just called air electrode, and its basic operation principle is identical with oxygen electrode.
The development of fuel cell and metal-air battery mainly comes from the continuous renewal of oxygen electrode catalyst, and therefore the research of catalyst material receives much concern always.Find cheap, efficient catalyst and become the key that improves oxygen electrode performance.The progress of this technology will promote the development of metal-air battery and fuel cell.
For a long time, the research of catalyst mainly launches round following several series: platinum and platinum alloy, silver, metallo-chelate, metal oxide (as Mn oxide, spinel oxides, Pyrochlore oxides, perovskite-type oxides) etc.As shown in Figure 1.
Noble metal platinum and platinum alloy are good catalyst, have very high catalytic activity and stability, but because of its expensive and very difficult commercialization.Electrolysis MnO
2there is cheap advantage but its catalytic activity is lower.Rare-earth transition metal perovskite composite oxide (ABO
3type) hydrogen reduction is had to good catalytic activity, have the focus that becomes research compared with high stability concurrently.But current the experimental results shows that it is optimized, the best catalytic performance of screening is also at 100～180mA/cm
2left and right, does not reach the needs of current zinc air and fuel cell development, therefore needs Development of Novel, efficient, cheap catalyst material.
The power output capacity of metal-air battery depends mainly on the performance of air electrode.Preparing high activity, thin layer air electrode is the key that improves zinc-air battery performance, comprising gas-diffusion electrode and the current collection mode etc. of highly active oxygen reduction catalyst, stability and high efficiency.
Summary of the invention
The object of this invention is to provide a kind of air electrode catalyst, this catalyst hydrogen reduction activity is high, can be in order to prepare high performance air (oxygen) electrode.
Another object of the present invention is to provide the novel air electrode that the above-mentioned catalyst of a kind of use is made, and the catalytic performance of air (oxygen) electrode that this catalyst is made is extremely superior and have a chemical property of stability and high efficiency.
A further object of the present invention is to provide a kind of preparation method of above-mentioned novel air electrode.
For achieving the above object, the present invention takes following design:
A kind of air electrode catalyst, it adds at least one auxiliary catalyst by major event catalyst and is composited; Described major event catalyst is for containing manganese metallic salt; Auxiliary described catalyst is rare earth compound and scarce metallic compound.
Described major event catalyst accounts for the 60-85% of total catalyst weight, and all the other are an auxiliary catalyst.
Described major event catalyst can be MnSO
4or Mn (NO
3)
2, KMnO
4; Scarce metallic compound in described auxiliary catalyst can be lanthana La
2o
3, cerium oxide Ce
2o
3, praseodymium oxide Pr
2o
3, neodymia Nd
2o
3, titanium dioxide TiO
2, brown lead oxide PdO
2, manganese dioxide MnO
2.
A kind of novel air electrode, it is at least arranged compacting by catalytic membrane, collector and waterproof ventilated membrane order and synthesizes; Described catalytic membrane is pressed into after sheet and is shaped and form by aforesaid catalyst and material with carbon element, ptfe emulsion mixing mill, and wherein the percentage that accounts for gross weight of ptfe emulsion is: 10～25%; The percentage that material with carbon element accounts for gross weight is: 45～75%, and the percentage that catalyst accounts for gross weight is 5～35%.Described waterproof ventilated membrane is with acetylene black and pore creating material (sodium sulphate Na2SO4, or carbonic hydroammonium NH4HCO3), the film of preparing after roll-in taking polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) as bonding agent, wherein: polytetrafluoroethylene content 20～55%; Acetylene black 40～65%; Sodium sulphate Na2SO4, or bicarbonate NH4HCO3:0～20%.Described collector adopts nickel screen or copper mesh.
A preparation method for novel air electrode, method step is as follows:
1. take in the ratio of the described each component of catalytic membrane the material of making catalytic membrane;
2. the above-mentioned material stirring taking is mixed;
3. after manganese sulfate being used to deionized water dissolving, make material water, add in said mixture, the addition of material water is 5 times of said mixture weight, and ultrasonic wave stirs and within 40 minutes, becomes muddy mixture;
4. said mixture is placed to water bath with thermostatic control, 60
~at 90 DEG C of temperature, stir and concentrate, divide and evaporate into water content lower than 5%.
5. in above-mentioned powder, add absolute ethyl alcohol, constantly stir and add ptfe emulsion.
6. above-mentioned material folding rolling after 10-20 time on roller film machine, is pressed into desired thickness 0.5-1.5mm; For catalytic membrane stand-by;
7. prepare again by following proportioning the material of producing waterproof ventilated membrane:
Acetylene black: 30～75%; Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) (Gu material) 25～70%
Repeat 5. above-mentioned～6. step, prepare waterproof ventilated membrane.
8. two kinds of films of above-mentioned catalytic membrane and waterproof ventilated membrane are at 40～80 DEG C of temperature, at 1-20kg/cm
2compressed together by setting arrangement mode under pressure, be then dried and remove organic solvent, be air electrode.
Air electrode after described synthesizing should be again through heat-treating for 0-3 hour within the scope of 230-450 DEG C.
Described step 8. in catalytic membrane and waterproof ventilated membrane compressed together by setting arrangement mode with reticulated collectors, that is: the arrangement mode of catalytic membrane+collector+waterproof ventilated membrane or the arrangement mode of catalytic membrane+waterproof ventilated membrane+collector+waterproof ventilated membrane.
The catalytic performance of the novel air electrode of being made by catalyst of the present invention is greater than 260mA/cm
2, can be applied to the fields such as hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell, metallic hydrogen air-fuel battery, metal-air battery (comprising the electrochmical power source forming such as all metals such as zinc, aluminium, magnesium and air (oxygen)) electro-chemistry oxygen-producing.
Advantage of the present invention is:
1, all catalysis materials that air electrode of the present invention uses with catalyst, be cheap metallic salt, rare earth compound scarce metallic compound, and do not use such as noble metal catalysts such as platinum, silver, cobalts, reduce the cost of making air electrode.
2, adopt air electrode catalyst of the present invention, there is very strong catalytic capability, make the discharge current density of the air electrode of making can reach 260mA/cm
2, performance is unsurpassed in excellence.
3, the outstanding advantages having in the preparation method of air electrode of the present invention is, in the time of the preparation of other carbon supported catalyst, as carbon-supported metal Pt or Ag, the dispersion of metal distributes, and avoid the reunion of metal, and reduce the links such as noble metal dosage, be the key link of more difficult breakthrough; The present invention disperses difficult problem owing to adopting first this water-soluble metal salt to tire out catalyst, making this link obtain breaking through to have solved completely.Therefore the electrode performance of preparing is superior.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is air electrode catalytic performance resolution chart prepared by the present invention
Fig. 2 is the classification schematic diagram of prior art development catalyst
Below in conjunction with drawings and the specific embodiments, the present invention is described in further details:
Detailed description of the invention
Air electrode of the present invention is selected exactly containing manganese metallic salt and is made major event catalyst with catalyst, additional at least one auxiliary catalyst adds a small amount of rare earth compound or scarce metallic compound is modified, and develops the compound catalyze material of the metal air fuel cell of novel high-performance.
Selection and requirement for major event catalyst: that in preferred embodiment of the present invention, adopt is MnSO
4, KMnO
4or Mn (NO
3)
2, purity is greater than 99.9%.
Selection and requirement for an auxiliary catalyst: can select cerium oxide Ce
2o
3, praseodymium oxide Pr
2o
3, neodymia Nd
2o
3, and titanium dioxide TiO
2, brown lead oxide PdO
2, manganese dioxide MnO
2, select the lanthana La of white powder
2o
3better.
Novel air electrode of the present invention can be by waterproof ventilated membrane (claim not only hydrophobic breathable layer), collector (claim not only afflux conductive mesh) and catalytic membrane (but also claiming porous catalytic layer) (1～20kg/cm under certain pressure condition
2) and nickel screen formation compressed together.
The concrete preparation method of novel air electrode of the present invention is:
1, first make catalytic membrane: the compound of percentage by weight configuration catalyst of the present invention in accordance with regulations: wherein ptfe emulsion PTFE:10～25%; Material with carbon element (as acetylene black, carbon black): 45～75%, MnSO
4or Mn (NO
3)
2: 8～28%; Rare earth oxide is as La
2o
3, Nd
2o
3): 4～25%.After compound is mixed, add absolute ethyl alcohol, under agitation add ptfe emulsion, use tablet press machine roll-in fibrillatable to desired thickness (0.05-1.5mm).
2, make waterproof ventilated membrane: described waterproof ventilated membrane can be to use ultrasonic wave mix and blend after several materials of the following percentage of employing add absolute ethyl alcohol, add 60% ptfe emulsion of certain mass, through repeatedly rolling, make it abundant fibrillatable, be finally pressed into appointed thickness 0.05～1.5mm stand-by; Wherein: polytetrafluoroethylene content 20～55%; Acetylene black 40～80%; Na2SO4, or NH4HCO3:0～20%.
3, by catalytic membrane, waterproof ventilated membrane, collector according to needed pattern: adopt the arrangement mode of Catalytic Layer+collector+waterproof ventilative layer or the arrangement mode of Catalytic Layer+waterproof ventilative layer+collector+waterproof ventilative layer to make air electrode, process conditions are: at 40～80 DEG C of temperature, and pressure 1-20kg/cm
2, final drying is gone out organic solvent, and obtains air electrode.
Above-mentioned material with carbon element can be active carbon, graphite, acetylene black etc.; In general, the specific area of carbon base body is larger, and the electrode performance of making is better; Therefore do the matrix material of air electrode with carbon black better, because carbon black has higher specific area and has good hydrophobic performance.For example: carbon black product Vulcan XC-72R, the XC-500 of Cabot company, average specific surface area is ﹥ 200m2/g.
Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) has hydrophobicity, heat resistance and the corrosion resistance to highly basic of height, is the more satisfactory binding material of the each air electrode of system.The PTFE aqueous dispersions of employing 60% is good as binding agent.
By the air electrode that adopts the inventive method to prepare, be placed in the hole of regulation area, as auxiliary electrode, carry out electro-chemical test with Zn battery, the voltage of test air electrode under certain current density, result is as shown in Figure 1.Show that air electrode of the present invention has the performance being unsurpassed in excellence, discharge current density can reach 260mA/cm
2.
Novel air electrode of the present invention can adopt the arrangement mode of Catalytic Layer+collector+waterproof ventilative layer or the arrangement mode of Catalytic Layer+waterproof ventilative layer+collector+waterproof ventilative layer to make air electrode.Also can not select collector, directly adopt Catalytic Layer+waterproof ventilative layer; Waterproof ventilated membrane, the waterproof ventilative material that can adopt low-pressure polyethylene material or polytetrafluoroethylmaterial material to make.
In such scheme, air electrode of the present invention can nickel screen as the collector of air electrode; Also can be that copper mesh is as collector.
The present invention, according to " gas-diffusion electrode " theory, designs efficient gas electrode.Must satisfied condition while preparing efficient gas electrode be in electrode, to exist a large amount of gas easily to arrive and the thin liquid film that can better be communicated with overall solution.Electrode must form good three phase boundary, not only had enough " pore " that gas is easily delivered in electrode everywhere in electrode interior: but have cover in a large number catalyst table and on thin liquid film: these thin liquid films also must, by " liquid hole " and unobstructed being communicated with of solution phase outside electrode, be beneficial to the migration of liquid phase reactor and product particle.
Hydrophobic breathable layer claims again waterproof ventilative layer, general porous Teflon or the polyethylene with very strong hydrophobicity used makes, wherein be formed with a large amount of pores, in the time that it contacts with electrolyte solution, due to hydrophobicity, liquid level in pore is falcate, produces thus the additional pressure of a directional liquid inside, and this pressure has ensured the hydrophobic and permeability of electrode.If the material of selecting is certain, if the diameter of pore is too large, the hydrophobicity of electrode will decline, and can cause electrode to be submerged or leakage, if the diameter of pore is too little, can affect the diffusion velocity of gas, thereby affects the discharge performance of electrode; In hydrophobic breathable layer, form loose structure by polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), allow gas to enter into electrode interior and stop electrolyte to leak out from hydrophobic breathable layer.
Catalytic membrane of the present invention is the Catalytic Layer of porous, formed by carbon and polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) and catalyst, carbon wherein and catalyst are hydrophilic substances, and hydrophobic polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) bonds them together, and make to form a large amount of thin liquid film layer and three phase boundary in the micropore of porous catalytic layer.In porous catalytic layer, mainly comprised the region of two kinds of structures, one is " dry district ", has the pore of hydrophobic substance and structure thereof to form, and one is " wet district ", is made up of electrolyte and wetted catalyst granule and carbon micropore.What these micropores had is full of by liquid, and what have is wetted, and the micropore in Zhe Liang district is staggered to form the network of interconnection each other, and the reduction reaction of oxygen is to carry out on the micro-pore wall that is coated with thin liquid film.
It is as follows that the present invention prepares the specific embodiment of air electrode:
Embodiment 1
1. take material in following ratio;
Acetylene black: activated carbon: polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) (Gu material): manganese sulfate: lanthana: neodymia
6：56：19：11：5：3
2. acetylene black, activated carbon, lanthana, neodymia are fully uniformly mixed;
3. manganese sulfate is used after deionized water dissolving, add in said mixture, add 5 times of above-mentioned material waters, ultrasonic wave stirs and within 40 minutes, becomes muddy mixture.
4. said mixture is placed to water bath with thermostatic control, 80 DEG C are stirred concentrated moisture and evaporate into moisture lower than 5%.
5. in above-mentioned powder, add absolute ethyl alcohol, constantly stir and add ptfe emulsion.
6. above-mentioned material folding rolling after 10-20 time on roller film machine, is pressed into desired thickness 0.5-1.5mm.For catalytic membrane stand-by.
7. by following proportioning preparation material:
Acetylene black: 30～75%; Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) (Gu material) 25～70%
Repeat 5. above-mentioned～6. step, prepare waterproof ventilated membrane.
8. above-mentioned two kinds of films are at 40～80 DEG C of temperature, at 1～20kg/cm
2compressed together with nickel screen under pressure, be then dried and remove organic solvent, be air electrode.
9. in order to strengthen its intensity and resistance to corrosion, the air electrode process after synthetic is heat-treated for 0-3 hour within the scope of 230-450 DEG C.
The various embodiments described above can some variations in addition under not departing from the scope of the present invention, thus above explanation comprises and accompanying drawing shown in structure should be considered as exemplary, but not in order to limit claim of the present invention.
Claims (1)
1. an air electrode, it is at least arranged compacting by catalytic membrane, collector and waterproof ventilated membrane order and synthesizes; It is characterized in that:
Described catalytic membrane is pressed into after sheet and is shaped and form by catalyst, material with carbon element and ptfe emulsion mixing mill, and described catalyst adds at least one auxiliary catalyst by major event catalyst and is composited; Major event catalyst is for containing manganese metallic salt; An auxiliary catalyst is rare earth compound and scarce metallic compound; Described major event catalyst accounts for the 60-85% of total catalyst weight, and all the other are an auxiliary catalyst; Wherein ptfe emulsion accounts for the percentage of gross weight and is: 10～25%; The percentage that material with carbon element accounts for gross weight is: 45～75%; The percentage that catalyst accounts for gross weight is MnSO
4or Mn (NO
3)
2: 8～28%, rare earth oxide is La
2o
3: 4～25%;
This catalytic membrane is the film being prepared by special preparation method, this special preparation method is: after the aforementioned material stirring taking is mixed, add containing manganese metallic salt and use the material water making after deionized water dissolving, the addition of material water is 5 times of said mixture weight, and ultrasonic wave stirs and within 40 minutes, becomes muddy mixture; Again said mixture is placed to water bath with thermostatic control, at 60～90 DEG C of temperature, stir and concentrate, evaporate into moisture lower than 5%; In above-mentioned powder, add absolute ethyl alcohol, constantly stir and add polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) breast; On roller film machine, folding rolling after 10～20 times, is pressed into desired thickness 0.05～1.5mm; Described waterproof ventilated membrane is taking material with carbon element as major ingredient, and ptfe emulsion is bonding agent, wherein: polytetrafluoroethylene content 25～55%; Acetylene black 35-75% added absolute ethyl alcohol before this in above-mentioned powder, constantly stirred and added polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) breast; By above-mentioned material folding rolling after 10～20 times on roller film machine, be pressed into desired thickness 0.05～1.5mm again; Prepare waterproof ventilated membrane;
Described material with carbon element is acetylene black or carbon black; Described collector adopts nickel screen or copper mesh; Described ptfe emulsion is the aqueous dispersions of concentration 60%;
Two kinds of films of above-mentioned catalytic membrane and waterproof ventilated membrane are at 40～80 DEG C of temperature, at 1～20kg/cm
2arrangement mode by catalytic membrane+waterproof ventilated membrane+collector+waterproof ventilated membrane under pressure is compressed together, is then dried and removes organic solvent, makes final air electrode.
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|---|---|---|---|
| CN200810222690.XA CN101683613B (en) | 2008-09-22 | 2008-09-22 | Catalytic agent for air electrode and novel air electrode manufactured by catalytic agent and manufacturing method of air electrode |
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| CN200810222690.XA CN101683613B (en) | 2008-09-22 | 2008-09-22 | Catalytic agent for air electrode and novel air electrode manufactured by catalytic agent and manufacturing method of air electrode |
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| CN101683613B true CN101683613B (en) | 2014-07-30 |
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| CN102157742A (en) * | 2011-03-18 | 2011-08-17 | 北京中航长力能源科技有限公司 | Catalyst for preparing air electrode and preparation method thereof as well as air electrode and preparation method thereof |
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| CN108258256B (en) * | 2018-01-09 | 2020-08-07 | 广州鹏辉能源科技股份有限公司 | Zinc-air battery anode, anode powder drying preparation process thereof and zinc-air battery |
| CN110098374B (en) * | 2019-04-26 | 2021-05-07 | 中国航发北京航空材料研究院 | Flexible electrode film and preparation method and application thereof |
| CN110911671B (en) * | 2019-12-09 | 2021-05-18 | 王新跃 | Aluminum air battery aluminum pole plate material, aluminum air battery aluminum pole plate and preparation method |
| CN111370706B (en) * | 2020-02-12 | 2022-01-25 | 金华高等研究院 | Positive electrode material of metal-air battery and preparation method thereof |
| CN111933954A (en) * | 2020-08-07 | 2020-11-13 | 中科院过程工程研究所南京绿色制造产业创新研究院 | Air electrode, preparation method thereof and air battery |
| CN111905739B (en) * | 2020-08-31 | 2023-02-10 | 安徽熵卡科技有限公司 | Preparation method of catalyst applied to oxygen generator |
| CN114388825A (en) * | 2021-01-14 | 2022-04-22 | 安徽朔代科技有限公司 | Metal-air battery catalyst, catalyst layer and air electrode |
| CN113299930B (en) * | 2021-04-28 | 2022-11-01 | 湖南源达新材料有限公司 | Air electrode containing bismuth oxide catalyst and preparation method thereof |
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