CN101674520B - Method and device for analyzing and testing parameter of vibration type pickup - Google Patents
Method and device for analyzing and testing parameter of vibration type pickup Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a device for analyzing and testing the parameter of a vibration type pickup, which mainly comprises an interface device, a test module and an electromagnetic vibration platform provided with a standard accelerometer; only the frequency-magnitude curve parameter of a curve which is output by the electromagnetic vibration platform needs to be tested by the standard accelerometer and can be used as a relative reference standard, and the curve parameter of a pickup which is tested each time and the relative reference standard are compared and calculated to obtain the frequency-magnitude property and the sensitivity parameter of the tested pickup; and the frequency analysis degree of the invention is only restricted by the processing capacity and the memory capacity of the test module, a basic test condition can be achieved without combining a plurality of special test instruments, and the invention has low cost, simple debugging process and high test efficiency and can meet the requirement of mass production.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of parameter of vibration type pickup analysis test method and device.
Background technology
Vibration type pickup is a kind of vibration audio frequency sensing element that utilizes the acceleration transducer test philosophy to design, and is mainly used in the usefulness of carrying out the antinoise communication under military battlefield, fire-fighting scene and all strong noise particular surroundingss.In development, production and the testing process of vibration type pickup, because the detection principle according to accelerometer, necessarily require to possess a kind of vibrating device that in measured scope, can keep the constant acceleration parameter, utilize the permanent character of this system to test the key parameter of sensitivity and the frequency response of device under test.
Vibration audition device before adopts the analog vibration detection system substantially, this system testing principle as shown in Figure 1, mainly formed by shaking table A, the vibration measurement instrument B, registering instrument C and the prime amplifier D that are provided with monitoring accelerometer and tested vibro-pickup, under this test pattern, because electromagnetic vibration generator system A is inductive load, by as can be known its output impedance of following formula:
R
0＝ωL
Along with its input impedance meeting of increase of driving signal frequency progressively strengthens, its output power can be successively decreased gradually with the increase of driving signal frequency in the situation of constant drive voltage, is difficult to keep the desired constant acceleration output of test.In order to address this problem, when adopting above-mentioned test macro, all in system, increase real-time feedback control system (being also referred to as compressibility), the monitoring accelerometer of installing by shaking table A table top forms the compressed feedback closed loop with the compression amplifier E of feedback control system, the output voltage of meeting Self-adjustment compression amplifier E when the monitoring accelerometer senses the table vibration acceleration and reduces and keep the constant acceleration of table top.Can be seen that by Fig. 1 this test macro needs can reach the basic test condition after many special test equipment combinations, cost is high, and testing and measuring technology is complicated, and testing efficiency is low, is difficult to satisfy the demand of batch production.
In recent years, along with computer science and technology develops rapidly, a kind of new analytical technology occurred, be called " FFT spectrum analysis technique ", this kind analytical approach is thousands of parallel filters of simulation and carry out complicated mathematical operation.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to use the FFT spectrum analysis technique, a kind of quick test that can finish vibration pickup is provided, and satisfy method of testing and the device of a large amount of Production requirements.
A kind of parameter of vibration type pickup analysis test apparatus mainly comprises the electromagnetic vibration generator system of interface arrangement, test module and installing standard accelerometer;
Described interface arrangement comprise prime amplifier, this A/D converter to tested acoustic pickup output through the direct sample of prime amplifier amplifying signal, send this signal to test module by the audio digital signals processing module; This test module output noise signal is converted to simulating signal by audio digital signals processing module and D/A converter, is carried in the input end of electromagnetic vibration generator system through power amplifier;
Described test module mainly comprises FFT spectrum analysis module, energy calculator, parameter memory module, the level and smooth module of numerical value, noise generator module, coordinate generation module and Output Display Unit;
Described accelerometer comprises acceleration transducer and acceleration analysis module;
Described acceleration transducer is fixed in the electromagnetic vibration generator system table top, output access acceleration analysis module, this acceleration analysis module AC signal exports the FFT spectrum analysis module of test module to, the white noise spectrum signal of straight frequency characteristic arranged to encourage tested acoustic pickup to the input of the input end of electromagnetic vibration generator system at the logarithmic coordinate cording by the noise generator module, the frequency width of cloth supplemental characteristic that this acceleration analysis module testing goes out deposits parameter memory module in, the reference curve during as test;
The described tested acoustic pickup that is fixed in the electromagnetic vibration generator system table top outputs signal to interface arrangement, the FFT spectrum analysis module of transporting to test module behind the interface arrangement Hyblid Buffer Amplifier compares computing with the reference curve that deposits parameter memory module in, and its difference is passed through the frequency characteristic that energy calculator is converted to voltage frequency width of cloth signal and draws out the product of surveying at Output Display Unit after the level and smooth module of numerical value and the calibration of coordinate generation module.
A kind of parameter of vibration type pickup analysis test method mainly comprises calibration electromagnetic vibration generator system and two steps of tested acoustic pickup parameter testing:
Calibrate first electromagnetic vibration generator system before step 1, the test
At first, degree of will speed up sensor is fixed in the electromagnetic vibration generator system table top, with its output access acceleration analysis module, again this acceleration analysis module AC signal output terminal directly is connected to the FFT spectrum analysis module; The white noise spectrum signal that straight frequency characteristic is arranged at the logarithmic coordinate cording to the input end input of electromagnetic vibration generator system by the noise generator module, this acceleration transducer collection signal is sent to the acceleration analysis module, by acceleration analysis module output AC signal to the FFT spectrum analysis module, until electromagnetic vibration generator system is adjusted to default acceleration value; Reference curve when the frequency width of cloth curve signal data that degree of will speed up measurement module tests out deposit parameter memory module as from now on tested acoustic pickup parameter analysis in; Then, will be fixed in the electromagnetic vibration generator system table top by acceleration transducer, with its output access acceleration analysis module, and the AC signal output terminal of degree of will speed up measurement module is connected to interface arrangement and carries out Hyblid Buffer Amplifier, after exporting the analysis of FFT spectrum analysis module to, compare with the frequency width of cloth curve signal data that pre-deposit the electromagnetic vibration generator system of parameter memory module again, with the virtual frequency width of cloth family curve of its difference as electromagnetic vibration generator system; If the parameter of curve that tests out for twice is basically identical, then its difference can be considered electromagnetic vibration generator system corresponding virtual frequency width of cloth curve when this default acceleration, and this virtual frequency width of cloth curve has satisfactory falt characteristic in the particular job frequency range, and so far electromagnetic vibration generator system calibration is finished;
After the correction of standard accelerometer to electromagnetic vibration generator system, remove acceleration transducer from electromagnetic vibration generator system, tested acoustic pickup is fixed in the table top of electromagnetic vibration generator system, with its output access interface device, the FFT spectrum analysis module that exports test module behind the interface arrangement Hyblid Buffer Amplifier to compares computing with the reference curve that pre-deposits parameter memory module, its difference is passed through the frequency characteristic that energy calculator is converted to voltage frequency width of cloth signal and draws out the product of surveying at Output Display Unit after the level and smooth module of numerical value and the calibration of coordinate generation module, just can test out frequency response curve and the sensitivity of tested acoustic pickup.
Above-mentioned default acceleration is 1g.
The present invention's frequency resolution degree only is subject to processing power and the memory capacity of test module, does not need many special test equipment combinations just can reach the basic test condition, and cost is low, and testing and measuring technology is simple, and testing efficiency is high, can satisfy the demand of batch production.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is for practising the test philosophy synoptic diagram of the analog vibration detection system that has;
Fig. 2 is system of the present invention connection diagram;
Fig. 3 is test philosophy synoptic diagram of the present invention;
Fig. 4 is the principle schematic of interface arrangement among the present invention;
Fig. 5 is interface arrangement integrated circuit board connection layout among the present invention;
Fig. 6 is the block scheme that the FFT spectrum analysis module is carried out spectrum analysis among the present invention to simulating signal;
Fig. 7 obtains frequency spectrum profile among the present invention after FFT processes;
The invention will be further described below in conjunction with drawings and Examples.
Embodiment
To shown in Figure 5, the present invention mainly comprises the electromagnetic vibration generator system 3 of interface arrangement 1, test module 2 and installing standard accelerometer 5 such as Fig. 2.
Described accelerometer 5 comprises acceleration transducer 51 and acceleration analysis module 52.
The function that the input conversion of described interface arrangement 1 burden test signal and electromagnetic vibration generator system 3 pumping signals are amplified output, comprise 12 pairs of tested acoustic pickups 4 outputs of prime amplifier 11, this A/D converter through prime amplifier 11 amplifying signal direct samples, send this signal to test module 2 by audio digital signals processing module 13; These test module 2 output noise signals are converted to simulating signal by audio digital signals processing module 13 and D/A converter 14, are carried in the input end of electromagnetic vibration generator system 3 through power amplifier 15.
Described test module 2 mainly comprises FFT spectrum analysis module 21, energy calculator 22, parameter memory module 23, the level and smooth module 24 of numerical value, noise generator module 25, coordinate generation module 26 and Output Display Unit 27.In the test, tested acoustic pickup 4 is fixed in the table top of electromagnetic vibration generator system 3, the FFT spectrum analysis module 21 of transporting to test module 2 behind its output access interface device 1 Hyblid Buffer Amplifier is compared computing with the reference curve that deposits parameter memory module 23 in, its difference is passed through the frequency characteristic that energy calculator 22 is converted to voltage frequency width of cloth signal and draws out the product of surveying at Output Display Unit 27 after the level and smooth module 24 of numerical value and coordinate generation module 26 are calibrated, just can test out frequency response curve and the sensitivity of tested acoustic pickup 4.
Described acceleration transducer 51 usefulness bolts are fixed in electromagnetic vibration generator system 3 table tops, with its output access acceleration analysis module 52, these acceleration analysis module 52 AC signal output terminals directly are connected to FFT spectrum analysis module 21, the white noise spectrum signal of straight frequency characteristic arranged to encourage tested acoustic pickup 4 to the input of the input end of electromagnetic vibration generator system 3 at the logarithmic coordinate cording by noise generator module 25, the frequency width of cloth supplemental characteristic that this acceleration analysis module testing goes out deposits parameter memory module in, the reference curve during as test.
Parameter of vibration type pickup analysis test method of the present invention mainly comprises calibration electromagnetic vibration generator system 3 and two steps of tested acoustic pickup 4 parameter testings:
Calibrate first electromagnetic vibration generator system 3 before step 1, the test
At first, degree of will speed up sensor 51 usefulness bolts are fixed in electromagnetic vibration generator system 3 table tops, with its output access acceleration analysis module 52, again these acceleration analysis module 52 AC signal output terminals directly are connected to FFT spectrum analysis module 21; The white noise spectrum signal that straight frequency characteristic is arranged at the logarithmic coordinate cording to the input end input of electromagnetic vibration generator system 3 by noise generator module 25, these acceleration transducer 51 collection signals are sent to acceleration analysis module 52, by acceleration analysis module 52 output AC signals to FFT spectrum analysis module 21, until electromagnetic vibration generator system 3 is adjusted to the acceleration value of 1g; Because this standard accelerometer 5 has more accurate falt characteristic in working frequency range, the frequency width of cloth signal that acceleration analysis this moment module 52 tests out just can represent the frequency response of electromagnetic vibration generator system 3, deposit this frequency width of cloth supplemental characteristic in parameter memory module 23 simultaneously, the reference curve during as from now on tested acoustic pickup 4 parameters analysis; Then, will be fixed in electromagnetic vibration generator system 3 table tops by acceleration transducer 51 usefulness bolts, with its output access acceleration analysis module 52, and the AC signal output terminal of degree of will speed up measurement module 52 is connected to interface arrangement 1 and carries out Hyblid Buffer Amplifier, compare with the frequency width of cloth parameter of curve that deposits the electromagnetic vibration generator system 3 of parameter memory module 23 in after FFT spectrum analysis module 21 is analyzed through exporting to again, with the virtual frequency width of cloth family curve of its difference as electromagnetic vibration generator system 3; If the parameter of curve that tests out for twice is basically identical, then its difference can be considered electromagnetic vibration generator system 3 corresponding virtual frequency width of cloth curve when the 1g acceleration, and this virtual frequency width of cloth curve has satisfactory falt characteristic in the particular job frequency range, and so far electromagnetic vibration generator system 3 calibrations are finished;
After the correction through 5 pairs of electromagnetic vibration generator systems 3 of standard accelerometer, remove acceleration transducer 51 from electromagnetic vibration generator system 3, tested acoustic pickup 4 is fixed in the table top of electromagnetic vibration generator system 3, with its output access interface device 1, the FFT spectrum analysis module 21 that exports test module 2 behind interface arrangement 1 Hyblid Buffer Amplifier to compares computing with the reference curve that deposits parameter memory module 23 in, its difference is passed through the frequency characteristic that energy calculator 22 is converted to voltage frequency width of cloth signal and draws out the product of surveying at Output Display Unit 27 after the level and smooth module 24 of numerical value and coordinate generation module 26 are calibrated, just can test out frequency response curve and the sensitivity of tested acoustic pickup 4.
The test of frequency response of the present invention and parallel filtering analyser are similar, are input and the output signal component of estimating tested object equally.In theory, if use [periodic noise signal], as long as might measure [output spectrum], get final product the calculated rate response, the frequency response value of this value and 5 outputs of electromagnetic vibration generator system 3 Plays accelerometers is compared computing, can obtain sensitivity and the frequency response curve of tested vibration pickup 4.
The present invention's frequency resolution degree only is subject to processing power and the memory capacity of test module 2.
Below use the ultimate principle that Fourier transform (FFT) carries out spectrum analysis among summary the present invention.
1, the ultimate principle of Fourier transform (FFT)
Length is that the discrete Fourier transform (DFT) X (k) of the sequence x (n) of N is:
Wherein, the DFT that N is ordered can be decomposed into the DFT that two N/2 are ordered, and the DFT that each N/2 is ordered can be decomposed into the DFT that two N/4 are ordered again.The rest may be inferred, (N=2 when N is 2 integral number power
M), because every decomposition once reduces the single order power, so pass through M time decomposition, all become at last a series of 2 DFT computings.
It more than is exactly fast fourier transform (FFT) algorithm of decimation in time.When the length of carrying out the sequence of conversion when needs is not 2 integer power, in order to use take 2 FFT as base, can with the method for end zero padding, make its length extend to 2 integer power.
The difference of above-mentioned inverse discrete fourier transform and direct transform is W
NBecome W
N -1, and many computings of a 1/N.Because W
NAnd W
N -1Fast fourier transformation algorithm for the derivation decimation in time there is no essential distinction, therefore FFT and inverse fast fourier transform (IFFT) algorithm can be incorporated in the same program.
2. utilize FFT spectrum analysis module 21 to carry out spectrum analysis
If signal itself is time-limited sequence, the frequency spectrum of the sequence of calculation is exactly directly sequence to be carried out the FFT computing to try to achieve X (k), and X (k) has just represented the spectrum value of sequence between [0,2 π].
Amplitude spectrum
Phase spectrum
If signal is simulating signal, when carrying out spectrum analysis with FFT spectrum analysis module 21, at first must sample to this signal, make it to become discrete signal, then just can come continuous signal is carried out spectrum analysis with FFT spectrum analysis module 21 according to the method for front.By sampling thheorem, sample frequency f
sShould greater than the highest frequency of 2 times of signals, in order to satisfy sampling thheorem, generally before sampling, an anti-aliasing low-pass filter to be set.The block scheme that carries out spectrum analysis with 21 pairs of simulating signals of FFT spectrum analysis module as shown in Figure 6.
Based on the first-harmonic of specifying waveform, by discreteness Fourier transform (DiscreteFourier Transform-DFT) is applied to the periodic waveform that transient analysis produces, Fourier analysis calculates signal spectrum.
Described FFT spectrum analysis module 21 resolves into discrete frequency component by Fourier's computing with measured signal exactly, reaches the effect same with traditional spectrum analyzer.
This FFT spectrum analysis module 21 is directly taken a sample to the input signal of tested vibration type pickup 4 by A/D converter 12, obtains frequency spectrum profile (seeing Fig. 7) again after FFT processes.
Can regard this discrete Fourier transform (DFT) X (k) the equidistant sampled value of z conversion on unit circle as, same, X (k) also can regard the sampling of sequence Fourier transform X (ej ω) as, and sampling interval is ω N=2 π/N.Therefore, discrete Fourier transform (DFT) is in fact the discrete frequency domain sampling of its frequency spectrum, and frequency is had selectivity (ω k=2 π k/N), has reflected the frequency spectrum of signal at these aspects.
According to the sampling law, the signal of a band limiting can carry out time-domain sampling and not lose any information it, and the FFT conversion then illustrates also can carry out frequency domain sample to time-limited signal (finite length sequence), and does not lose any information.So as long as time series long enough, sampling are enough close, frequency domain sample is the frequency spectrum trend of reflected signal preferably just, so FFT can be in order to carry out signal Spectrum Analysis.
The present invention is for obtaining the good linearity and high resolving power, when signal is carried out data acquisition, the minimum twice that equals the input signal highest frequency of the sampling rate of A/D converter 12, that is upper frequency limit is that the real-time spectrum analyzer of 100MHz needs A/D converter 12 that the sampling rate of 200mS/S is arranged.
The performance of this FFT spectrum analysis module 21 characterizes with number of sampling and sampling rate, for example with the sampling rate of 100kS/S to input signal 1024 points of taking a sample, then the highest incoming frequency is 50kHz, resolution is 50Hz.If number of sampling is 2048 points, then resolution is brought up to 25Hz.Hence one can see that, and the highest incoming frequency depends on sampling rate, and resolution depends on number of sampling.This FFT spectrum analysis module becomes logarithmic relationship with number of sampling 21 operation times.When the present invention needs high-frequency, high resolving power and high-speed computation, must select FFT spectrum analysis module 21 at a high speed, perhaps corresponding digital signal processing module 13 (DSP) chip.
The used signal source of the present invention adopts the random white noise signal, and white noise refers to power spectrum density equally distributed noise in whole frequency domain.That is to say that white noise has the equal-wattage energy in all frequencies.Utilize this characteristic of white noise to have good sound source performance in the acoustical testing field.This random white noise signal is after FFT spectrum analysis module 21 is extracted spectrum component, and it has desirable straight frequency characteristic to its frequency domain distribution in the frequency range of required measurement.
When the present invention is carried in the input end of electromagnetic vibration generator system 3 with above-mentioned random white noise signal through power amplifier 15, because the inductance characteristic of electromagnetic vibration generator system 3, the signal of its vibration acceleration and input can be nonlinear relation between the width of cloth characteristic frequently, the analog vibration acoustic pickup test macro that habit has is to solve input one outlet chamber nonlinear relationship by real-time compression system, the present invention then only needs to measure with a standard accelerometer 5 the frequency width of cloth parameter of curve of electromagnetic vibration generator system 3 curves of output, and with this frequently width of cloth parameter of curve to deposit the parameter memory module 23 of test module 2 in interior as the relative reference standard, parameter of curve and the relative reference standard of each tested acoustic pickup 4 are compared calculating, can draw frequency width of cloth characteristic and the sensitivity parameter of tested acoustic pickup 4.Because standard accelerometer 5 has straight response in required frequency range, so can be used as the calibration reference curve of electromagnetic vibration generator system 4.Therefore, after the calibration through 5 pairs of electromagnetic vibration generator systems 3 of standard accelerometer, remove acceleration transducer 51 from electromagnetic vibration generator system 3, tested acoustic pickup 4 is fixed in the table top of electromagnetic vibration generator system 3, the FFT spectrum analysis module 21 of transporting to test module 2 behind its output access interface device 1 Hyblid Buffer Amplifier is compared computing with the reference curve that deposits parameter memory module 23 in, its difference is passed through the frequency characteristic that energy calculator 22 is converted to voltage frequency width of cloth signal and draws out the product of surveying at Output Display Unit 27 after the level and smooth module 24 of numerical value and coordinate generation module 26 are calibrated, just can test out frequency response curve and the sensitivity of tested acoustic pickup 4.
Claims (3)
1. a parameter of vibration type pickup analysis test apparatus is characterized in that: the electromagnetic vibration generator system that comprises interface arrangement, test module and installing standard accelerometer;
Described interface arrangement comprises prime amplifier, A/D converter, audio digital signals processing module, D/A converter and power amplifier; This A/D converter to the output of tested acoustic pickup through the direct sample of prime amplifier amplifying signal, send this signal to test module by the audio digital signals processing module; This test module output noise signal is converted to simulating signal by audio digital signals processing module and D/A converter, is carried in the input end of electromagnetic vibration generator system through power amplifier;
Described test module comprises FFT spectrum analysis module, energy calculator, parameter memory module, the level and smooth module of numerical value, noise generator module, coordinate generation module and Output Display Unit;
Described accelerometer comprises acceleration transducer and acceleration analysis module;
Described acceleration transducer is fixed in the electromagnetic vibration generator system table top, output access acceleration analysis module, this acceleration analysis module AC signal exports the FFT spectrum analysis module of test module to, the white noise spectrum signal of straight frequency characteristic arranged to encourage tested acoustic pickup to the input of the input end of electromagnetic vibration generator system at the logarithmic coordinate cording by the noise generator module, the frequency width of cloth supplemental characteristic that this acceleration analysis module testing goes out deposits parameter memory module in, the reference curve during as test;
The tested acoustic pickup that is fixed in the electromagnetic vibration generator system table top outputs signal to interface arrangement, the FFT spectrum analysis module of transporting to test module behind the interface arrangement Hyblid Buffer Amplifier compares computing with the reference curve that deposits parameter memory module in, and its difference is passed through the frequency characteristic that energy calculator is converted to voltage frequency width of cloth signal and draws out the product of surveying at Output Display Unit after the level and smooth module of numerical value and the calibration of coordinate generation module.
2. be applicable to the method for testing of a kind of parameter of vibration type pickup analysis test apparatus claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: comprise calibration electromagnetic vibration generator system and two steps of tested acoustic pickup parameter testing:
Calibrate first electromagnetic vibration generator system before step 1, the test
At first, degree of will speed up sensor is fixed in the electromagnetic vibration generator system table top, with its output access acceleration analysis module, again this acceleration analysis module AC signal output terminal directly is connected to the FFT spectrum analysis module; The white noise spectrum signal that straight frequency characteristic is arranged at the logarithmic coordinate cording to the input end input of electromagnetic vibration generator system by the noise generator module, this acceleration transducer collection signal is sent to the acceleration analysis module, by acceleration analysis module output AC signal to the FFT spectrum analysis module, until electromagnetic vibration generator system is adjusted to default acceleration value; Reference curve when the frequency width of cloth curve signal data that degree of will speed up measurement module tests out deposit parameter memory module as from now on tested acoustic pickup parameter analysis in; Then, will be fixed in the electromagnetic vibration generator system table top by acceleration transducer, with its output access acceleration analysis module, and the AC signal output terminal of degree of will speed up measurement module is connected to interface arrangement and carries out Hyblid Buffer Amplifier, after exporting the analysis of FFT spectrum analysis module to, compare with the frequency width of cloth curve signal data that pre-deposit the electromagnetic vibration generator system of parameter memory module again, with the virtual frequency width of cloth family curve of its difference as electromagnetic vibration generator system; If the parameter of curve that tests out for twice is basically identical, then its difference is considered as electromagnetic vibration generator system corresponding virtual frequency width of cloth curve when this default acceleration, and this virtual frequency width of cloth curve has satisfactory falt characteristic in the particular job frequency range, and so far electromagnetic vibration generator system calibration is finished;
Step 2, tested acoustic pickup is carried out parameter testing
After the correction of standard accelerometer to electromagnetic vibration generator system, remove acceleration transducer from electromagnetic vibration generator system, tested acoustic pickup is fixed in the table top of electromagnetic vibration generator system, with its output access interface device, the FFT spectrum analysis module that exports test module behind the interface arrangement Hyblid Buffer Amplifier to compares computing with the reference curve that pre-deposits parameter memory module, its difference is passed through the frequency characteristic that energy calculator is converted to voltage frequency width of cloth signal and draws out the product of surveying at Output Display Unit after the level and smooth module of numerical value and the calibration of coordinate generation module, just can test out frequency response curve and the sensitivity of tested acoustic pickup.
3. a kind of parameter of vibration type pickup analysis test method according to claim 2, it is characterized in that: described default acceleration is 1g.
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