CN101672162B - 防斜pdc钻头 - Google Patents

防斜pdc钻头 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN101672162B
CN101672162B CN2008101397910A CN200810139791A CN101672162B CN 101672162 B CN101672162 B CN 101672162B CN 2008101397910 A CN2008101397910 A CN 2008101397910A CN 200810139791 A CN200810139791 A CN 200810139791A CN 101672162 B CN101672162 B CN 101672162B
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drill bit
inclination
pdc
resisting
drilling
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CN101672162A (zh
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王福修
邱巍
田京燕
于建宾
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Sinopec Oilfield Service Corp
Drilling Technology Research Institute of Sinopec Shengli Petroleum Engineering Corp
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Drilling Technology Research Institute of Sinopec Shengli Petroleum Administration Bureau
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种防斜PDC钻头，主要由钻头基体、刀翼、PDC切削齿、喷嘴、流道和排屑槽组成，PDC切削齿布置在刀翼上，刀翼的外端达不到钻头直径尺寸。在钻头冠部端面上，位于大约半个圆区域的所有刀翼上最外一颗PDC切削齿都达到钻头直径尺寸，而位于另一个大约半圆区域的所有刀翼上最外一颗PDC切削齿都只达到刀翼的外端。本发明防斜PDC钻头在容易导致井斜的地层中钻进时，采用常规钻压也能够保持井眼近似垂直，从而能够提高机械钻速，而与采用旋转导向钻井工具的钻进方法相比较，可以节省钻井成本。

Description

防斜PDC钻头
技术领域
本发明涉及一种石油天然气钻井钻头，尤其是一种防斜PDC钻头。
背景技术
常规PDC钻头在裂隙地层、断裂地层或大倾角地层中钻进的时候，容易钻出倾斜的井眼，因此，为了防止井斜，钻出一个近似垂直的井眼，常常采用降低钻压的钻进方法，但这样会使机械钻速显著降低。既能够防止井斜又不降低机械钻速的一种有效方法是采用旋转导向钻井工具，但成本太高。
发明内容
本发明要解决的技术问题是提供一种能够采用常规钻压钻进的防斜PDC钻头。
为解决上述技术问题，本发明防斜PDC钻头主要由钻头基体、刀翼、PDC切削齿、喷嘴、流道和排屑槽组成，喷嘴镶装在钻头基体上，刀翼固定在钻头基体上，PDC切削齿布置在刀翼上，刀翼的外端达不到钻头直径尺寸；在钻头冠部端面上，位于大约半个圆区域的所有刀翼上最外一颗PDC切削齿都达到钻头直径尺寸，而位于另一个大约半圆区域的所有刀翼上最外一颗PDC切削齿都只达到刀翼的外端。
采用这样的结构后，最外一颗PDC切削齿达到钻头直径尺寸的所有刀翼位于的大约半个圆组成了主动切削区，而最外一颗PDC切削齿只达到刀翼外端的所有刀翼位于的那大约半个圆组成了被动切削区，主动切削区具有切削井壁的作用，而被动切削区则没有切削井壁的作用，所以钻出的井眼直径大小取决于主动切削区。在本发明防斜PDC钻头在容易导致井斜的地层中钻进而且井眼已经处于轻微倾斜状态的情况下，当主动切削区旋转到井眼低边的时候，由于重力的作用，被动切削区不接触高边井壁，主动切削区向井斜减小的方向切削出新的低边井壁；而当主动切削区旋转到井眼高边的时候，由于重力的作用，被动切削区接触低边井壁，主动切削区仍然是向井斜减小的方向切削出新的高边井壁，因此随着旋转钻进的不断进行，井眼的倾斜程度越来越小，就是说，本发明具有自动降斜的优点。这个降斜的过程与钻压的大小没有直接的关系，因此，本发明防斜PDC钻头在容易导致井斜的地层中钻进时，采用常规钻压也能够保持井眼近似垂直，从而能够提高机械钻速，而与采用旋转导向钻井工具的钻进方法相比较，可以节省钻井成本。
附图说明
下面结合附图和具体实施方式对本发明作进一步详细的说明。
图1是本发明防斜PDC钻头一种实施方式的钻头冠部端面示意图。
具体实施方式
参照图1的防斜PDC钻头主要由钻头基体1、刀翼2、PDC切削齿3、喷嘴4、流道5和排屑槽6组成，喷嘴4镶装在钻头基体1上，刀翼2固定在钻头基体1上，PDC切削齿3布置在刀翼2上，刀翼2的外端达不到钻头直径尺寸；在钻头冠部端面上，位于水平中心线上面的大约半个圆区域的每一个刀翼2上最外一颗PDC切削齿3都达到了钻头直径尺寸，组成了具有切削井壁作用的主动切削区，而位于水平中心线下面的大约半个圆区域的每一个刀翼2上最外一颗PDC切削齿3都只达到刀翼2的外端，组成了没有切削井壁作用的被动切削区。
在容易导致井斜的地层中钻进时，首先把图1所示的防斜PDC钻头与常规旋转钻具连接起来，一同下入井底，然后开泵循环钻井液并加压旋转钻进。在钻进过程中，假若由于某种原因使井眼发生了轻微的倾斜，在这种情况下，当主动切削区旋转到井眼低边的时候，由于重力的作用，被动切削区不接触高边井壁，主动切削区向井斜减小的方向切削出新的低边井壁；而当主动切削区旋转到井眼高边的时候，由于重力的作用，被动切削区接触低边井壁，主动切削区仍然是向井斜减小的方向切削出新的高边井壁，因此随着旋转钻进的不断进行，井眼的倾斜程度越来越小，也就是说，本发明具有自动降斜钻进的优点。因为降斜的过程与钻压的大小没有直接的关系，因此，使用本发明钻进的时候，为了保持井眼近似垂直不必降低钻压，从而可以提高机械钻速。由于没有使用价格昂贵的旋转导向钻井工具，所以本发明可以节省钻井成本。

Claims (1)

1.一种防斜PDC钻头，主要由钻头基体(1)、刀翼(2)、PDC切削齿(3)、喷嘴(4)、流道(5)和排屑槽(6)组成，喷嘴(4)镶装在钻头基体(1)上，刀翼(2)固定在钻头基体(1)上，PDC切削齿(3)布置在刀翼(2)上，刀翼(2)的外端达不到钻头直径尺寸，其特征是在钻头冠部端面上，位于大约半个圆区域的所有刀翼(2)上最外一颗PDC切削齿(3)都达到钻头直径尺寸，而位于另一个大约半圆区域的所有刀翼(2)上最外一颗PDC切削齿(3)都只达到刀翼(2)的外端。
CN2008101397910A 2008-09-09 2008-09-09 防斜pdc钻头 Active CN101672162B (zh)

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US8327957B2 (en) * 2010-06-24 2012-12-11 Baker Hughes Incorporated Downhole cutting tool having center beveled mill blade
CN103015903B (zh) * 2012-12-03 2015-03-04 中国地质大学（武汉） 添加氧化铝空心球的热压金刚石钻头的制造方法
CA2928921C (en) 2013-12-18 2018-07-03 Seth Garrett Anderle Cutting structure design with secondary cutter methodology

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