CN1016644B - 用校正环带测定物质层容积 - Google Patents
用校正环带测定物质层容积Info
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Abstract
用一只离心管盛装一种多组份的混合物,管中含有一圆筒状浮栓。离心后,浮栓沉降至待测组份所占的区域内,组份层将沉降至管腔与浮栓外侧间的环状间隙,并因环隙的限制而作轴向延伸,将已知容量的对照物放入离心管,使之在离心过程中沉入环形间隙而处于组份层区域之外,离心后,测量对照物环带的长度并与一已知长度,即当环状间隙为预定容量时的长度相比较,即可得到一个校正因攻以用于所有其它被测的组份层。
Description
本发明涉及一种测量复杂的混合物中一种或多种组份层的方法,特指一种在离心过程中对样品进行容积测量的仪器和方法。测量中采用校正因数以校正仪器中盛装样品的部分的尺寸变化。
一种将复杂的混合物放在一个带有浮栓的管子中离心分离,以测量其组份层的技术已被发展成功。浮栓最好是圆筒状的,并且具有一种比重可使它沉入被离心的混合物中一定程度,以便在管子中形成一个自由环形容积,待测的各组份层都将沉入其中。待测的组份层由此而被伸长以便更容易和准确地测量。此技术在下列美国专利中已有说明:4,027,660,1977年6月7日颁发;4,082,085,1978年4月4日颁发;4,156,570,1979年5月29日颁发;及其它。
本技术,像先有技术中说明的那样,取决于制造者严格控制微管内径和浮栓外径的公差的能力。当本技术用于商业形式时,被伸长的组份层的放大因数约为10.5。这意味着在使用浮栓时伸长了的组份层将比不使用浮栓时长10.5倍。为了获得这种程度的伸长,管子内径应维持在0.06606英寸,浮栓外径应维持在0.06285英寸。这样,环隙只有16/10,000英寸厚。必须注意管子内径或浮栓外径的微小变化,特别是二者相加,将导致环隙厚度的变化而使读数不准确。例如,管子内径稍大于0.00016英寸,加上外径稍小于0.00011英寸的浮栓,将使观察到的环带长度缩
短8%。
所以,本发明的一个目的是提供一种改进的测量离心分离后物质组份层的方法和装置。其中采用的方法能确认因装置中盛装样品的部件尺寸变化引起的误差。
它的进一步的目的是提供具有前述特性的改进的方法和仪器。它的盛有待测样品的管子中可以形成一个校正环带。此校正环带是由预定容量的树脂颗粒,即人工微珠所形成。它沉入管子的测量区,但处于待测组份层之外。校正环带随测量区尺寸的变化而伸长或缩小,从而对测得的组份层的长度进行适当校正。
本发明是关于一种仪器和测试方法,经过离心作用,在管子的环隙中形成一个内部标准校正带。此校正环带与待测物各组份层是分离的。例如,在血液样品中,校正环带是浮在各组份中最轻的,即血小板,的上面,从而在紧挨血小板处形成一个附加的可见环带,该环带具有其测量长度。校正环带可由在离心分离前向管中放入一定容积的人造微珠(或其它流动性物质,例如某种不混于血液或其它待测物的液体或胶体)而形成。微珠的大小应该一致,或具有统计学上可以重复的不均一性。并且可以具有可鉴别的颜色,最好是光性的,以便容易和管中待测物的着色的组份层所形成的有色环带区分。制作微珠的原料应具有适当比重,使它可以浮在一种组份层之上而与待测层分开,以便不致干扰组份层的测量。如前所指,在血液样品中,微珠应做得可以浮在血小板层之上。加入管子中的微珠量应为常数,当试管内径ID和浮栓外径OD按规格制成时,形成的校正环带应具有已知长度,管子与浮栓的任何改变,将使环状间隙加大或缩小,并反映在校正环带的长度上。测量和校正可用下列美国专利中说明的仪器进行:4,156,570或4,558,947。二者都已在本文中引为参考。
通过下述对本发明的具体推荐实施例的详细说明,将使这些及其它目的和优点更加明显。说明书附有放大的纵剖面图表明本发明中带有校正环带的管子与浮栓组合。
图中,管子2为一玻璃细管,标称内径ID或孔径为0.066050吋。管子内径由虚线4标明。当血液样品吸入管子2后,管子2的底盖子6封闭。浮栓8由塑料制成,塑料的比重使它可以在离心作用时浮在红血球层中它的标称外径OD为0.06285吋。离心分离后,白血球层或棕黄色层,将在红血球层10上面分成三个分离的带,棕黄色层12将分成颗粒细胞层14,淋巴细胞/单核细胞层16,和血小板层18。棕黄色层的这些组份层14、16、18,将因离心分离前加入光染料而被分别着色。棕黄色层各组份的上面是血浆层20,它基本上是水。校正环带由数字22标明,它是由预定容积的塑料微珠构成,其平均比重约为1.035。只要包含的微珠足够产生环带22的长度变化以反映管子2和浮栓8之间的环形间隙厚度因细管与浮栓尺寸的变化而产生的变化,管子2中微珠的实际容积相对来说并不重要。当管子与浮栓都具有标称半径时,校正环带长度应在微处理机软件中定为100。因此,如果环形间隙的厚度小于标称值校正环带将比100所代表的值长。例如,假如测得的环带长度为110,微处理机就知道应将测得的其它环带的长度除以测得的校正环带的相对长度1.10,以算出它们的真正带长。微处理机应预先编程序以对所有测得的组份层进行校正计算。这种采用校正环带以反映环形间隙偏离标称值,从而获得组份层的准确而真实的测值的方法应得到高度评价。
下面是本发明的操作实例:一个血液样品在一个具有细管和浮栓
的组合物中进行测量。细管和浮栓都具有标称尺寸以形成标准厚度的环形间隙。测得的血球容积比为47.0;颗粒细胞数4.0;淋巴细胞/单核细胞数2.0;血小板数350;对照带长100。当同样的样品在另一仪器中测量时,如其细管内径比标称值大0.00016吋,浮筒外径比标称值小0.00011吋,就会得到如下的测值。血球容积比将为46.9;颗粒细胞数将为3.68;淋巴细胞/单核细胞数将为1.84;血小板数将为322;对照带长92。每次读数时,微处理机都把测得的对照带长与100相比较,此时即将92与100相比较,计算出相应的校正因数,并将它用于其它带长的测量以确定并显示白血球总数及各组份数值以及血小板数。应注意由于红血球环带的厚度和浮栓并不明显沉入红血球内,所以血球容积比并未因环隙尺寸的误差而有明显的改变。
显然,本发明的技术使得在制造时可以放宽细管内径ID和浮栓外径OD的容许度。自调节对照带的采用,使使用者确信显示的血球计数的准确性和统计学可信性。校正环带由微球形成。微球具有适当的比重可以保证它在细管内在被测组份环带以外与之联接。例如,在一个血液样品中,红血球的平均比重约为1.0793;颗粒细胞的比重约为1.0747;淋巴细胞/单核细胞层的比重约为1.0632;血小板的比重约为1.0490;微珠或其它可作为对照物的比重应为1.0350;血浆的比重约为1.0280。
由于在使用中可对本发明的实施例作出许多改变而不离开它的基本概念,所以本发明不只限于所附权利要求提出的要求。
Claims (8)
1、在被离心分离的混合物中测定其各组份层容积的装置,该混合物至少有第一和第二邻近的不同比重的物质层,装置包括一个内径恒定的透明细管,管中有一个细长的浮栓,该浮栓的恒定横截面小于管腔的横截面,该浮栓与管腔之间形成一个自由的环隙,此环隙可以接受至少一种组份层并使其伸长,其特征在于管中还包括一种校准物,一种容积为V的可浮动物质,
其中V=(π/4)·(ID2-OD2)·L
ID为管的标称内径
OD为浮栓的标称外径
L为可浮动物所得参考带的标称长度
该可浮动物质的比重小于被测各组份层中的最轻组份的比重。
2、按权利要求1中的装置,其中的校准物由树脂颗粒制成。
3、按权利要求2中的,其中的树脂颗粒为微球。
4、按权利要求4中的,其中所述树脂颗粒具有可鉴别的颜色。
5、用于在离心分离的血样中测量血液组份容积的装置,包括一个有管腔的透明细管,管腔的内径基本恒定管中有一个细长的浮栓,该浮栓具有基本恒定的横截面小于管腔的横截面,该浮栓与该管腔组合形成一个自由环隙,此环隙可以接受至少一种组份层并使其伸长,其特征在于管中还包括一种校准物,一种容积为V的可浮动物质其中,V=(π/4)·(ID2-OD2)·L
ID为管的标称内径
OD为浮栓的标称外径
L为可浮动物所得参考带的标称长度
该可浮动物质的比重小于血液样品中血浆比重。
6、按权利要求5中的装置,其中校准物材料的比重大于血样中血浆的比重。
7、在离心的混合物中测量各组份层的容积的方法,其特征在于包含下列步骤:
将混合物放入带有细长浮栓的透明细管中,浮栓与细管间形成一个环隙;
细管与浮栓的尺寸保证其间的环隙具有一个预定的理论截面,此截面由浮栓的标称外径和管腔的标称内径限定;
将上述细管离心;
测量在上述环隙中形成的各组份层的长度;
其特征在于进一步进行下列步骤:
离心前准备已知容量的一种物质,以便在细管中形成一个参考带,该物质的比重使它可以在环隙中聚结以形成参考带,该参考带具有预定的理论横截面,测量上述环隙中参考带的长度。
将测得的参考带长度与预定的标准长度进行比较以确定该环隙的厚度是否偏离预定的理论厚度,然后将获得的校正因数用于测得的各组份层的长度以确定它们的真实长度。
8、按权利要求7的方法,其中形成参考带的物质的比重比待测物任何组份层的比重都小。
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US07/068,572 US4774965A (en) | 1987-07-01 | 1987-07-01 | Material layer volume determination with correction band |
US068,572 | 1987-07-01 |
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CN1033695A CN1033695A (zh) | 1989-07-05 |
CN1016644B true CN1016644B (zh) | 1992-05-13 |
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CN88104006A Expired CN1016644B (zh) | 1987-07-01 | 1988-06-30 | 用校正环带测定物质层容积 |
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US (1) | US4774965A (zh) |
EP (1) | EP0297237A3 (zh) |
JP (1) | JPS6429766A (zh) |
CN (1) | CN1016644B (zh) |
BR (1) | BR8803213A (zh) |
CA (1) | CA1311624C (zh) |
DK (1) | DK361088A (zh) |
FI (1) | FI882663A (zh) |
NO (1) | NO881074L (zh) |
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Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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US3741011A (en) * | 1971-05-28 | 1973-06-26 | Evertz E | Method and apparatus for measuring the internal volume of moulds and similar cavity members |
US3920557A (en) * | 1974-02-27 | 1975-11-18 | Becton Dickinson Co | Serum/plasma separator--beads-plus-adhesive type |
US4027660A (en) * | 1976-04-02 | 1977-06-07 | Wardlaw Stephen C | Material layer volume determination |
US4141654A (en) * | 1977-05-23 | 1979-02-27 | James V. Massey, III | Standard for calibrating and/or verifying instrument accuracy |
US4567754A (en) * | 1985-03-29 | 1986-02-04 | Wardlaw Stephen C | Measurement of small heavy constituent layer in stratified mixture |
-
1987
- 1987-07-01 US US07/068,572 patent/US4774965A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1988
- 1988-03-10 NO NO88881074A patent/NO881074L/no unknown
- 1988-04-25 EP EP88106605A patent/EP0297237A3/en not_active Ceased
- 1988-05-09 JP JP63110619A patent/JPS6429766A/ja active Pending
- 1988-06-06 FI FI882663A patent/FI882663A/fi not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1988-06-29 BR BR8803213A patent/BR8803213A/pt not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1988-06-30 DK DK361088A patent/DK361088A/da not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1988-06-30 CN CN88104006A patent/CN1016644B/zh not_active Expired
- 1988-06-30 CA CA000570818A patent/CA1311624C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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DK361088A (da) | 1989-01-02 |
FI882663A0 (fi) | 1988-06-06 |
DK361088D0 (da) | 1988-06-30 |
BR8803213A (pt) | 1989-01-17 |
FI882663A (fi) | 1989-01-02 |
EP0297237A2 (en) | 1989-01-04 |
NO881074L (no) | 1989-01-02 |
US4774965A (en) | 1988-10-04 |
JPS6429766A (en) | 1989-01-31 |
EP0297237A3 (en) | 1990-06-27 |
CN1033695A (zh) | 1989-07-05 |
CA1311624C (en) | 1992-12-22 |
NO881074D0 (no) | 1988-03-10 |
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