CN101661520A - Synergetic design method for mechanical and electrical products - Google Patents
Synergetic design method for mechanical and electrical products Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a synergetic design method for mechanical and electrical products. The method comprises the following steps: (1) determining a design task, and determining a design activity; (2) carrying out modeling on the design process; (3) deciding the design activity; creating a decision template, transferring a knowledge unit and making a decision; (4) controlling the design process,and solving an execution sequence via an algorithm; and (5) outputting results: outputting the execution sequence to complete the design of the mechanical and electrical products. The invention carries out modeling on the synergetic design process and describes the synergetic design activity and a synergetic relationship between the activities in a formalization mode so that the synergetic relationship associated with the design task carried by the design body can be clearly discovered by the design body; in addition, the invention creates a decision process model based on knowledge so that the synergetic decision of synergetic designers is established based on the reliable knowledge and normative flows, thereby improving reliability and the efficiency of decision, optimizing the a synergetic design process model, and improving synergetic efficiency of the design.
Description
Technical field:
The invention belongs to mechanical design field, relate to a kind of collaborative design method towards electronic product.
Background technology:
Collaborative design is by two or more design agentses, by certain message exchange and mutual synergistic mechanism, finishes the method for designing of a certain design object respectively jointly with different design contents.Collaborative design can reduce time of product development, saves cost of development; Yet owing in the collaborative design process, will constantly carry out message exchange between the design agents, so collaborative design has increased the complicacy of product development process.Effectively the collaborative design process is carried out modeling and to the collaborative design process of design activity make a strategic decision, can realize optimal control, thereby improve the efficient of collaborative design collaborative design.Existing collaborative design modeling method comprises:
(1) project evaluation and review technique (PERT), critical path method (CPM) and IDEF method.These three kinds of methods can not describe design process repeatedly and the coupled relation between the design activity, therefore must be simplified and could be suitable for design process.
(2) project organization matrix (Design Structure Matrix, DSM) method.DSM describes relation between the design activity by the form of matrix, by cut apart, the cluster scheduling algorithm, can realize the optimization of design process, but the choice relation in the DSM design process beyond expression of words, and the resource requirement of design activity beyond expression of words.
(3) Petri network method.The Petri net can be used to describe the workflow of design process, but its information flow beyond expression of words, so the weight that concerns between the very difficult description of the Petri net design objective, and the Petri net must be set before design process is carried out in advance.
Existing collaborative design process decision-making technique mainly comprises production rule, frame-type, RBR (RBR), based on the reasoning methods such as (CBR) of the fact.These methods can be expressed needed knowledge in the decision process, but all have certain limitation, can not adapt to the demand of multiple knowledge in the reality.What existing decision process was more is the open loop process of no strict flow process, and expression, distribution that the information that decision-making back obtains can not standard cause decision process random big, and operability is not strong, recalls difficulty after producing mistake.
Summary of the invention:
The objective of the invention is:
(1) the collaborative design process is carried out modeling, the conspiracy relation between formalized description collaborative design activity and activity and the activity makes design agents can clearly find the conspiracy relation relevant with its design objective of bearing.
(2) set up decision process model, collaborative design personnel's Coordination Decision is based upon on the flow process of reliable Knowledge Base and standard, improved the confidence level and the efficient of decision-making based on knowledge.
(3) the collaborative design process model is optimized, improves the collaborative efficient of design.
The objective of the invention is to solve by the following technical programs:
A kind of collaborative design method towards electronic product is characterized in that:
(1) Process Modeling:
(wherein V represents design activity for V, E) expression collaborative design process, and E represents the ordinal relation between the design activity wherein to scheme G=; N represents the title of design activity, and D is the details of design activity, and C represents the feature of design activity, and Vs, Vc, Vx represent solution node, combined joint respectively and select node; E={0,1}, i and j are design activities, if having incidence relation between two design activity i and the j, E then
Ij=1, otherwise E
Ij=0;
(2) design activity decision-making: set up the decision-making template, call blocks of knowledge, make decisions;
(3) Process Control: solve the execution sequence by algorithm;
(4) result's output: will carry out sequence output to finish the design of electronic product.
Described step (1) is: the collaborative design process model is made of the relation between design activity and the activity, and (wherein V represents design activity for V, E) expression collaborative design process, and E represents the ordinal relation between the design activity with figure G=; At first formalization is carried out in each design activity and expressed, realize the standardization that design activity is expressed;
V＝(N，D，C，Ev) (1)
Here N represents the title of design activity, and D is the details of design activity, and C represents the feature of design activity, mainly comprises finishing required time of this design activity, cost and resource requirement, and Ev is to the evaluation of performance after design activity is finished;
In the collaborative design process, there is polytype in design activity, therefore the node of expression design activity in the model is expanded, with " zero " expression solution node, with " " expression combined joint, select node with " ◇ " expression, wherein solution node represents that this design activity can not segment, combined joint represents that this design activity can be subdivided into the more activity of small grain size, selects node to represent to have only a selected execution of energy in its a plurality of subsequent node;
Therefore the expansion activity diagram model of collaborative design process can be expressed as:
V wherein
s, V
c, V
xRepresent solution node, combined joint respectively and select node.E={0,1}, if having incidence relation between two design activity i and the j, E then
Ij=1, otherwise E
Ij=0.Correspondingly there are four kinds of basic structures in design process, is respectively serial structure, parallel organization, choice structure and coupled structure;
According to the design activity of its segmentation and the relation between the design activity, make up the expansion activity diagram model of its collaborative design.
Described step (2) is carried out according to following process,
1. at first adopt decision process masterplate regulate expression Coordination Decision process: the flow process masterplate has strict control of authority requirement, according to authority application flow process masterplate, flow process masterplate essential part comprises problem title, promoter, participant, process control and result and other parameter of needs decision-making, carries out the flow process masterplate from blocks of knowledge library call blocks of knowledge then and finds the solution;
2. adopt blocks of knowledge that design activity is made a strategic decision, blocks of knowledge has the input and output interface, the organizational form of its inner knowledge is comparatively free, adopt production rule, frame-type rule, CBR rule or RBR rule, as required, blocks of knowledge is organized to satisfy the decision-making of particular problem;
3. the 3rd adopt the decision information masterplate to collect all relevant informations that produce in the decision process, and after decision-making finishes, be distributed to the personnel of all participative decision makings, so that the personnel of each side fully understand decision process; The content options of decision information masterplate is made amendment according to the design needs, but in case after determining, decision-making each side must strictly observe definite form.
Described step (3) is according to following process,
1. at first according to designing requirement, adopt decision-making technique, the subsequent node of making a strategic decision out and meeting design requirement based on knowledge; 2. select to satisfy the node of resources supplIes then according to resource constraint; 3. based on depth-first traversal, calculate scheduled time and cost that all nodes are carried out sequence, select to satisfy design time requirement and the minimum node execution sequence of cost, realize optimal control the collaborative design process.
Described electronic product is a turbine rotor.
The present invention carries out modeling to the collaborative design process, and the conspiracy relation between formalized description collaborative design activity and activity and the activity makes design agents can clearly find the conspiracy relation relevant with its design objective of bearing; Set up decision process model, collaborative design personnel's Coordination Decision is based upon on the flow process of reliable Knowledge Base and standard, improved the confidence level and the efficient of decision-making based on knowledge; The collaborative design process model is optimized, improves the collaborative efficient of design.
Description of drawings:
Fig. 1 is " whole realization flow figure " of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the present invention's " classification of collaborative design node and expression thereof " figure;
Fig. 3 is " collaborative design expander graphs model basic structure " of the present invention figure.
Fig. 4 is " based on the decision process of knowledge " of the present invention figure.
Fig. 5 is " algorithm of flow template control decision process " of the present invention figure.
Fig. 6 is the present invention's " four kinds of basic structures of expansion activity diagram are converted into the rule of and/or tree " figure.
Fig. 7 is the present invention's " the expansion activity diagram converts the realization flow of and/or tree to " figure.
Fig. 8 be the present invention " control the algorithm of collaborative design process in real time " figure.
Fig. 9 is the present invention's " decision process of node is selected in collaborative design " figure.
Figure 10 is the present invention's " turbine blade collaborative design model " figure.
Accompanying drawing 11 is the present invention's " turbine blade collaborative design tree structure model " figure
Wherein the node content among Figure 10 and 11 is: 1. design requirement analysis; 2. select the blade pattern; 3. selection type of blade root; 4. blade of variable cross-section structural design; 5. uniformly shaped blade structural design; 6. computation of geometric property; 7. tension is calculated; 8 steam bending Stress calculation; 9. eccentric bending Stress calculation; 10. lacing wire and shroud Stress calculation; 11. blade strength is joined; 12. inverted T shape blade root design; 13. outsourcing inverted T shape blade root design; 14. the double inverted T-shaped blade root design of outsourcing; 15. fork type blade root design; 16. blade root criterion design review; 17. exciting force and chatter analysis; 18. blade calculation on Natural Frequency; 19. vane group frequency computation part; 20. connecting blade vibration, calculates shroud; 21. blade frequencies correction analysis; 22. temperature correction; 23. blade root rigidity correction; 24. centrifugal force is to blade frequencies influence correction; 25. impeller is to vibration frequency of blade influence correction; 26. shroud connects blade frequency modulation; 27. blade vibration Stress calculation; 28. connecting the vane group vibration stress, calculates shroud; 29. vibration stress calculates examination; 30. the design documentation of finishing.
Embodiment:
The specific embodiment of the present invention is described in collaborative design below in conjunction with turbine blade.
Step (1) makes up turbine blade collaborative design model
The collaborative design process model is made of the relation between design activity and the activity, and (wherein V represents design activity for V, E) expression collaborative design process, and E represents the ordinal relation between the design activity with figure G=.At first formalization is carried out in each design activity and expressed (formula 1), realize the standardization that design activity is expressed.
V＝(N，D，C，Ev) (1)
Here N represents the title of design activity, and D is the details of design activity, and C represents the feature of design activity, mainly comprises finishing required time of this design activity, cost and resource requirement, and Ev is to the evaluation of performance after design activity is finished.
Because in the collaborative design process, there is polytype in design activity, therefore the node of expression design activity in the model is expanded, with " zero " expression solution node, with " " expression combined joint, select node with " ◇ " expression, wherein solution node represents that this design activity can not segment, combined joint represents that this design activity can be subdivided into the more activity of small grain size, selects node to represent to have only a selected execution of energy in its a plurality of subsequent node.
Therefore the expansion activity diagram model of collaborative design process can be expressed as:
V wherein
s, V
c, V
xRepresent solution node, combined joint respectively and select node.E={0,1}, if having incidence relation between two design activity i and the j, E then
Ij=1, otherwise E
Ij=0.Correspondingly there are four kinds of basic structures in design process, is respectively serial structure, parallel organization, choice structure and coupled structure.
According to above-mentioned method, be example with the turbine blade, according to the design activity of its segmentation and the relation between the design activity, can make up the expansion activity diagram model (as shown in Figure 10) of its collaborative design.
Step (2) realizes the collaborative design activity decision-making based on knowledge
By above-mentioned collaborative design process model as can be known, comprise the selection node in this model, its subsequent node has only a selected execution, therefore at first will be from the angle of designing requirement, the subsequent node of selecting node is made a strategic decision, determine to satisfy the node set of technical requirement on design.The present invention proposes the method for employing based on knowledge, realize the decision-making to node, its flow process is as follows:
1. at first adopt decision process masterplate regulate expression Coordination Decision process.The flow process masterplate has strict control of authority requirement, different personnel can only apply for the flow process masterplate of different rights, flow process masterplate such as designer's application can only be done decision-making to concrete technical matters, and the flow process masterplate of chief designer's application then can be changed the general structure of product.Flow process masterplate essential part comprises problem title, promoter, participant, process control and the result etc. of needs decision-making.Consider that the problem that runs in the practice decision process has diversity, so the algorithm design of flow process masterplate lays particular emphasis on the decomposition to problem, find the solution from the suitable blocks of knowledge of blocks of knowledge library call then.
2. adopt blocks of knowledge that design activity is made a strategic decision, blocks of knowledge is a kind of from formal unified knowledge representation mode.Knowledge is segmented, and under certain granularity, the knowledge collection that can solve a particular problem just can be regarded a blocks of knowledge as.Blocks of knowledge has the input and output interface, and the organizational form of its inner knowledge is comparatively free, can adopt production rule, frame-type, CBR, RBR etc.Can as required the blocks of knowledge of random scale be organized to solve the problem of random scale.
Blocks of knowledge can form be expressed as:
KC＝(ID，Name，Input，Output，Interface，Connector，Judgment)
Wherein:
ID: be used for discerning and the retrieval knowledge unit.
Input: represent computing machine by internal calculation, the information of input blocks of knowledge.
Output: the output result who represents blocks of knowledge.
Interface: for the blocks of knowledge that user and computing machine carry out mutual, the interactive information that provides the user to provide.
Connector: describe the call relation between the blocks of knowledge.
Judgment: judge whether the result who obtains adheres to specification.And be used to trigger next blocks of knowledge, the blocks of knowledge that is triggered may be that the postorder blocks of knowledge also may be the blocks of knowledge that turns back to the front.
All blocks of knowledge are stored in the blocks of knowledge storehouse, call during for decision-making.
3. the 3rd adopt the decision information masterplate to collect all relevant informations that produce in the decision process, and after decision-making finishes, be distributed to the personnel of all participative decision makings, so that the personnel of each side fully understand decision process.The content options of decision information masterplate is to make amendment according to the design needs, but in case after determining, decision-making each side must strictly observe definite form, with the unitarity of guarantee information.
Decision-making with the node 3 " selection type of blade root " in the above-mentioned turbine blade collaborative design model is an example, describes the design activity decision-making technique based on knowledge.At first make up the decision-making template, the template that the responsible official of blade root design applies for " type of blade root decision-making " by name, and invite the collaborative participative decision making process of blade designer; Call " steam turbine blade root type selecting blocks of knowledge " then,, make a strategic decision and select suitable type of blade root according to the air pressure that the turbine rotor blade bears; Obtain the result of decision-making at last, and its decision information masterplate with standard is expressed, this decision information template comprises the description to problem, make a strategic decision promoter, participant, decision process, the result of decision etc.
Step (3) realizes the collaborative design process optimization
In order to realize optimal control to the collaborative design process model, consider to have multiple structure in this model, therefore become and/or tree shape structure to be beneficial to algorithm operating collaborative design expander graphs model conversion.The conversion of at first collaborative design being expanded four basic structures in the activity diagram is converted to basic and/or tree shape structure, and its transformation rule as shown in Figure 6.What pay special attention to is the disposal route of coupled structure, is with repeatedly limit deletion in the coupling, and in the starting point on this limit jump term is set, and when the condition of redirect satisfies, then design process will be repeatedly.
Based on the transformation rule of above-mentioned four kinds of basic structures, the present invention proposes a kind of algorithm flow collaborative design activity diagram model conversion is become and/or tree based on depth-first search.The principle of this algorithm flow is: after 1. beginning, and identification limit repeatedly, and delete them, do the redirect mark in the starting point on feedback limit; 2. discern all parallel and choice structures, and replace them, form the service activity stream of a full serial like this with combined joint; 3. realize conversion with the serial transformation rule; 4. choose a replaced parallel or choice structure; 5. discern its start node, and remove to substitute corresponding combined joint in the and/or tree with it; 6. after, will be left its branched structure, go to replace each branch with combined joint; 7. use the transformation rule of parallel or choice structure to go conversion then; 8. choose a branch that is replaced; Be 9. whether selected all nodes in the branch all converted? be then to change next step over to, otherwise change step over to 2.; Be 10. whether selected all nodes in the parallel or choice structure all converted? be then to proceed, otherwise change step over to 8.;
Are all nodes of expanding in the activity diagram all converted? be termination routine then, otherwise change step over to 4., continue executive routine.
With above-mentioned turbine blade collaborative design model is example, and the and/or tree structure that it converts to as shown in Figure 11.
And/or tree based on the collaborative design process is expressed, and can realize its optimal control by algorithm.The present invention adopts a kind of algorithm based on depth-first search in order to realize the real-time control of collaborative design process, this algorithm is according to the node in the rule traversal and/or tree of depth-first search, and judge the character of this node, if node has the redirect sign or for selecting the starting point of node, then call decision-making module, determine whether redirect or select follow-up XM, if node is the starting point of parallel organization, its subsequent node executed in parallel then.
Whether redirect and to select the decision-making of the child node of node be the key of collaborative design process control of node, the decision-making of redirect (repeatedly) mainly depends on technical requirement on design (adopting the method for aforesaid blocks of knowledge based on the decision-making of technical requirement on design), and the decision-making of the child node of selection node also will be considered aspects such as resource, time and cost except considering the technical requirement on design.
With the node 3 " selection type of blade root " in the above-mentioned turbine blade collaborative design model and the optimal control of subsequent node thereof is example, 1. at first according to designing requirement, employing is based on the decision-making technique of knowledge, the subsequent node (step 2 is to have provided the result of decision-making) of making a strategic decision out and meeting design requirement, there are three nodes (the outsourcing blade root of falling T, two blade roots of falling T of outsourcing and fork type blade root) to adhere to specification; 2. select to satisfy the node of resources supplIes then according to resource constraint, still be chosen as example with above-mentioned type of blade root, because existing designer lacks the experience of " fork type blade root design ", therefore the constraint of this human resources (or intellectual resources) can only be chosen subsequent node from " the outsourcing blade root of falling T " and " the two blade roots of falling T of outsourcing "; 3. based on depth-first traversal, calculating with " the outsourcing blade root of falling T " or " the two blade roots of falling T of outsourcing " is the scheduled time and the cost of all nodes execution sequences of start node, the design time requirement is satisfied in selection and the minimum node of cost is carried out sequence, realizes the optimal control to the collaborative design process.
Above content is to further describing that the present invention did in conjunction with concrete preferred implementation; can not assert that the specific embodiment of the present invention only limits to this; for the general technical staff of the technical field of the invention; without departing from the inventive concept of the premise; can also make some simple deduction or replace, all should be considered as belonging to the present invention and determine scope of patent protection by claims of being submitted to.
Claims (5)
1, a kind of collaborative design method towards electronic product is characterized in that:
(1) Process Modeling:
(wherein V represents design activity for V, E) expression collaborative design process, and E represents the ordinal relation between the design activity wherein to scheme G=; N represents the title of design activity, and D is the details of design activity, and C represents the feature of design activity, and Vs, Vc, Vx represent solution node, combined joint respectively and select node; E={0,1}, i and j are design activities, if having incidence relation between two design activity i and the j, E then
Ij=1, otherwise E
Ij=0;
(2) design activity decision-making: set up the decision-making template, call blocks of knowledge, make decisions;
(3) Process Control: solve the execution sequence by algorithm;
(4) result's output: will carry out sequence output to finish the design of electronic product.
2, a kind of according to claim 1 collaborative design method towards electronic product, it is characterized in that, described step (1) is: the collaborative design process model is made of the relation between design activity and the activity, with figure G=(V, E) expression collaborative design process, wherein V represents design activity, and E represents the ordinal relation between the design activity; At first formalization is carried out in each design activity and expressed, realize the standardization that design activity is expressed;
V＝(N，D，C，Ev) (1)
Here N represents the title of design activity, and D is the details of design activity, and C represents the feature of design activity, mainly comprises finishing required time of this design activity, cost and resource requirement, and Ev is to the evaluation of performance after design activity is finished;
In the collaborative design process, there is polytype in design activity, therefore the node of expression design activity in the model is expanded, with " zero " expression solution node, with " " expression combined joint, select node with " ◇ " expression, wherein solution node represents that this design activity can not segment, combined joint represents that this design activity can be subdivided into the more activity of small grain size, selects node to represent to have only a selected execution of energy in its a plurality of subsequent node;
Therefore the expansion activity diagram model of collaborative design process can be expressed as:
V wherein
s, V
c, V
xRepresent solution node, combined joint respectively and select node.E={0,1}, if having incidence relation between two design activity i and the j, E then
Ij=1, otherwise E
Ij=0.Correspondingly there are four kinds of basic structures in design process, is respectively serial structure, parallel organization, choice structure and coupled structure;
According to the design activity of its segmentation and the relation between the design activity, make up the expansion activity diagram model of its collaborative design.
3, a kind of according to claim 1 collaborative design method towards electronic product is characterized in that: described step (2) is according to following process,
1. at first adopt decision process masterplate regulate expression Coordination Decision process: the flow process masterplate has strict control of authority requirement, according to authority application flow process masterplate, flow process masterplate essential part comprises problem title, promoter, participant, process control and result and other parameter of needs decision-making, carries out the flow process masterplate from blocks of knowledge library call blocks of knowledge then and finds the solution;
2. adopt blocks of knowledge that design activity is made a strategic decision, blocks of knowledge has the input and output interface, the organizational form of its inner knowledge is comparatively free, adopt production rule, frame-type rule, CBR rule or RBR rule, as required, blocks of knowledge is organized to satisfy the decision-making of particular problem;
3. the 3rd adopt the decision information masterplate to collect all relevant informations that produce in the decision process, and after decision-making finishes, be distributed to the personnel of all participative decision makings, so that the personnel of each side fully understand decision process; The content options of decision information masterplate is made amendment according to the design needs, but in case after determining, decision-making each side must strictly observe definite form.
4, a kind of according to claim 1 collaborative design method towards electronic product is characterized in that: described step (3) is according to following process,
1. at first according to designing requirement, adopt decision-making technique, the subsequent node of making a strategic decision out and meeting design requirement based on knowledge; 2. select to satisfy the node of resources supplIes then according to resource constraint; 3. based on depth-first traversal, calculate scheduled time and cost that all possible node is carried out sequence, select to satisfy design time requirement and the minimum node execution sequence of cost, realize optimal control the collaborative design process.
5, a kind of according to claim 1 collaborative design method towards electronic product, it is characterized in that: described electronic product is a turbine rotor.
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