CN101646841B - 流道内分支进口处的偏心倒角 - Google Patents

流道内分支进口处的偏心倒角 Download PDF

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CN101646841B
CN101646841B CN2008800102968A CN200880010296A CN101646841B CN 101646841 B CN101646841 B CN 101646841B CN 2008800102968 A CN2008800102968 A CN 2008800102968A CN 200880010296 A CN200880010296 A CN 200880010296A CN 101646841 B CN101646841 B CN 101646841B
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J·D·马尔特森
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Abstract

一种流道,其具有垂直于主通道(7,15,20)的分支通道(5,16,21),该流道包括限定分支通道的进口的边缘,其特征在于,该进口的上游边缘(10)处存在倒角(13),该进口的下游边缘是垂直于主通道(7,15,20)的直边缘(11)。

Description

流道内分支进口处的偏心倒角
技术领域
本发明涉及一种带有分支通道的流道,用于有效地使用横流来抑制湍流。
背景技术
在众多工业应用中,必须通过流道来运输诸如液体或气体的流体。流道通常包括分支,其流向大致垂直于主流道的流向,用于使用横流之处的分流。在这样的分支处,湍流通常在进口的边缘处形成并引起不必要的压力损失。一种减少这种湍流的方法是对进口边缘处倒角。
EP 0365195 A2示出了用于收缩扩张薄膜冷却孔的多种构造,其带有与其最窄部分相连的截头圆锥体部分,并公开了实现该构造必需的钻孔方法。
EP 1686240 A1示出了冷却孔,其中尖角边缘的区域沿周边破开,因此在该区域得到平整部分。
热气通道组件为横流的一种应用。这些组件暴露于高温下并必须被冷却。特别是燃气涡轮机的热气组件,例如涡轮叶片或导叶,经常要持续被冷却,其中薄膜和冲击冷却扮演了重要角色。对于薄膜冷却,组件必须为中空且孔将组件的内部与外部连接。这使得从内部来的冷却流进入孔并在叶片外部也产生薄冷却膜。此处使用的穿过孔的横流受制于已提到的不必要的压力损失,其会降低薄膜冷却的效果。对冲击冷却而言也同样,其中,流体穿过流道壁中的孔而出,以冲击需要被冷却的壁的背面。
发明内容
因此,本发明的目的在于提供一种带有分支通道的流道,分支通道的流向大致垂直于主流道的流向,该流道克服了现有技术中存在的上述缺点。本发明进一步的目的在于提供一种有利的涡轮机组件。
这些目的通过如权利要求1所要求保护的流道以及权利要求4所要求保护的涡轮机组件来实现。从属权利要求限定了本发明的进一步发展。
一种创造性的流道包括限定分支通道的进口的边缘,其特征在于进口的上游边缘处的倒角以及进口下游边缘处的直角。在分支通道中,流向通常垂直于或者大致垂直于主流道的流向。本发明基于以下观点:
湍流通常在进口的上游边缘发展。进口的上游边缘为进口一侧上的边缘,横流来自该处。该流绕非常急的转角流动,从该转角分离并产生湍流。现有技术中,通过在进口边缘处提供倒角来减少湍流。但是,被倒角的下游边缘减少了经过分支的有效横流,这也是不希望得到的结果。进口上游边缘被倒角或者弯曲并且下游边缘为尖角,在维持横流效果的同时仍可减少不必要的湍流。这就得到了优化的穿过分支的横流。由于孔中减少的分流和切变导致喷流强度增加,优化横流可导致例如增加冲击冷却的效率。
该创造性的进口可分别通过偏心或者中心倒角而实现。进口通常可具有任何截面,例如圆形、椭圆形、半圆形、正方形或者矩形的截面。
一种创造性的涡轮机组件,可为燃气涡轮机组件,包括内部流道,该内部流道带有限定分支通道进口的边缘,其特征在于进口上游边缘处的倒角以及进口下游直角边缘。
该分支通道可为穿过燃气轮机组件壁的穿孔。该穿孔可为例如在涡轮转子中的薄膜冷却孔、冲击冷却孔或者流接收孔。此外,包括该创造性内部流道的涡轮机组件可应用为燃气涡轮机叶片、壁或者叶导叶。
此外,该创造性孔可用作冲击冷却孔,用于例如展翼或端壁中的喷嘴导叶冷却或者转子叶片冷却。孔可通常用于燃烧室传递管或内部传导管组件中的燃气涡轮机壁的冷却。冲击孔可制作在冲击管中或冲击板中,并装配到喷嘴导叶或者转子叶片以形成组合件。
通常,该创造性倒角可通过放电加工、电化学加工或者铸件制造。
该创造性流道和创造性涡轮机组件的优点在于通过抑制湍流来防止流道中压力损失,特别是对于横流的应用。此外,孔中减少的分流和切变导致喷射强度增加,增大了热传导系数。
附图说明
本发明的进一步的特征、特性和优点将从下述实施例并结合附图而得以明确,其中:
图1示意性地显示流道的转子叶片的透视图。
图2显示现有技术的转子叶片的薄膜冷却孔的顶视图。
图3显示图2的薄膜冷却孔沿冷却孔纵向轴的剖视图。
图4显示了作为该创造性流道第一实施例的转子叶片的薄膜冷却孔的俯视图,该冷却孔在进口处带有处于进口上游边缘处的倒角和下游直角边缘。
图5显示图4的薄膜冷却孔沿冷却孔纵轴线的剖视图。
图6显示从管道到分立分支的创造性进口的俯视图。
图7显示图6的从管道到分立分支的进口的沿进口纵轴线的剖视图。
图8显示冲击冷却孔的进口沿进口纵轴线的剖视图。
具体实施方式
图1显示了沿涡轮机转子叶片的中心线1的透视图。涡轮机可以为飞行器或者发电站的燃气涡轮机、蒸汽涡轮机或者压缩机。转子叶片由作为固定组件的基座2、叶片平台3和展翼4组成。此处描述的实施例中,考虑燃气涡轮机叶片。这种叶片在燃气涡轮机工作期间暴露于热燃烧气体中。因此,叶片为中空以便冷却。薄膜冷却孔6位于前缘5处,允许冷却空气排出叶片并在叶片表面形成空气薄膜,阻止燃烧气体和表面的直接接触。该冷却孔代表冷却空气用的内部流道的分支通道。
此外,叶片也配有内部冷却空气管和延伸穿过冷却管壁的冲击孔。内部冷却管未显示在图中。冷却空气通过冲击孔吹入内部冷却空气管和叶片外壁的内侧之间的空间,以冲击外壁的内侧。冲击之后,空气可流过冷却空气管和外壁之间的空间至薄膜冷却孔,冷却空气经此被排出。带有冲击孔的冷却空气管以及冷却空气管和带薄膜冷却孔的外壁之间的空间均可作为带有分支通道的创造性流道。
图2分别显示了来自中空燃气涡轮机转子叶片或冷却空气管的内侧的现有技术的薄膜冷却或冲击孔6的俯视图,以下简称孔6。在图3中,可见沿着穿过孔6所在处的叶片壁8的孔6的纵轴线的剖视图。孔6中的流向垂直于主流道7的流向。箭头9表示冷却流体流动的方向。到来的横流在尖角上游边缘10处进入孔,湍流12在该尖角边缘后面产生。附图标记11表示下游边缘。
湍流可通过流道的设计来避免,特别是冷却孔进口的设计,即,通过在进口上游边缘处具有偏心倒角的创造性进口。偏心倒角由简化的放电加工制造。图4显示作为本发明第一实施例的从中空燃气涡轮机转子叶片内部看来的偏心倒角薄膜冷却孔6的俯视图。图5显示图4的薄膜冷却孔6沿冷却孔6的纵轴线的剖视图。相应于图2和图3中元件的元件将以相同附图标记标识而不再赘述。上游边缘处的偏心倒角13引起没有湍流和不必要压力损失的层流或流线形流动。进口的下游边缘11保持直角以有效利用横流。
现参照图3、6和7描述创造性进口的第二实施例。此处对图3的描述参考对第一实施例的描述。图6和图7中相应于图2和图3元件的元件将标识为相同附图标记而不再赘述。
燃气涡轮机燃烧室中使用的液体燃料可在带有垂直于主分支20的分立支路21的管线中输送。图3中描绘了不带从主分支20到分立分支21的创造性进口时,湍流发生在上游边缘之后并引起压力损失。这种效应可通过图6和图7所示的倒角上游边缘13而得以抑制。图6显示从主分支20到分立分支21的创造性进口的俯视图。进口具有半圆形截面并且在直线边缘14处为倒角13。图7显示从管线到图6的分立分支的进口的沿进口纵轴线的剖视图。
现参照图4和图8描述创造性进口的第三实施例,其代表冲击孔。此处对图4的描述参考对第一实施例的描述。图8中相应于图5元件的元件将以相同附图标记标识而不再赘述。
图8显示燃气涡轮机组件的冲击冷却孔16的进口沿进口纵轴线的剖视图。图中也可见冷却流体管15的壁18以及涡轮机组件外壁15的内部,所述冷却流体管15在本实施例中为冷却空气管。冷却空气管15的壁18和涡轮机组件外壁19的内部之间形成空间17,冷却流体,在本实施例中即冷却空气,可在其冲击涡轮机组件外壁19的内侧之后通过该空间17被引导离开冲击孔16。该空间可引导空气至延伸穿过外壁19的薄膜冷却孔,如在第一实施例中所示及所述。
第三实施例的孔6中,偏心倒角13由于孔中减少的分流和切变还增加了喷射强度。因此热传导系数得以增加。图8的冲击冷却孔的俯视图具有与图4所示相同的结构。偏心倒角13可由放电加工、电化学加工或铸造而制造。
冲击冷却孔可用于冷却例如展翼或端壁中的喷嘴导叶或转子叶片。此外,也可用于燃烧室传递管或内部传导组件中的燃气涡轮机壁冷却。冲击孔可在冲击管或冲击板中制造并装配到喷嘴导叶或转子叶片,以便形成组合件。
尽管本发明一方面描述了薄膜冷却孔和冲击孔的不同几何形状,而另一方面描述了分立分支进口的不同几何形状,但是几何形状通常是可互换的。

Claims (8)

1.一种流道,其具有主通道(7,15,20)、分支通道(5,16,21)和该分支通道(5,16,21)的进口,所述分支通道(5,16,21)中的流向垂直于主通道(7,15,20)的流向,所述进口存在于所述主通道(7,15,20)的壁中,并由包括上游边缘和下游边缘的边缘限定,其特征在于:
在所述进口的上游边缘(10)处存在倒角(13),以及
所述进口的下游边缘(11)是由所述分支通道(5,16,21)的壁和所述主通道(7,15,20)的壁之间的直角形成的尖角边缘(11)。
2.根据权利要求1所述的流道,其特征在于,所述上游边缘(10)处的所述倒角(13)具有相对于所述分支通道的纵轴线偏心的形状。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的流道,其特征在于,所述进口具有圆形、椭圆形、半圆形、方形或者矩形截面。
4.一种涡轮机组件,其具有如前述任一权利要求所述的流道。
5.根据权利要求4所述的涡轮机组件,其特征在于,所述涡轮机组件是燃气涡轮机组件。
6.根据权利要求5所述的涡轮机组件,其特征在于,分支通道(6,16)为穿过所述燃气涡轮机组件的壁(8,18)的穿孔。
7.根据权利要求6所述的涡轮机组件,其特征在于,所述穿孔为薄膜冷却孔(6)、冲击冷却孔(16)或者流接收孔。
8.根据权利要求4至7任一项所述的涡轮机组件,其中,所述涡轮机组件用作燃气涡轮机叶片或导叶,或者作为燃烧室组件。
CN2008800102968A 2007-03-28 2008-03-27 流道内分支进口处的偏心倒角 Expired - Fee Related CN101646841B (zh)

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