CN101646749A - Methods of recovering hydrocarbons from hydrocarbonaceous material using a constructed infrastructure and associated systems - Google Patents

Methods of recovering hydrocarbons from hydrocarbonaceous material using a constructed infrastructure and associated systems Download PDF

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Publication number
CN101646749A
CN101646749A CN200880010448A CN200880010448A CN101646749A CN 101646749 A CN101646749 A CN 101646749A CN 200880010448 A CN200880010448 A CN 200880010448A CN 200880010448 A CN200880010448 A CN 200880010448A CN 101646749 A CN101646749 A CN 101646749A
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infrastructure
permeable body
hydrocarbon
described method
hydrocarbonaceous material
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CN101646749B (en
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T·达纳
J·W·柏藤
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Red Leaf Resources Inc
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Red Leaf Resources Inc
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Priority to CN201310693589.3A priority Critical patent/CN103666510B/en
Priority claimed from PCT/US2008/053434 external-priority patent/WO2008098177A1/en
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    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A30/00—Adapting or protecting infrastructure or their operation
    • Y02A30/30—Adapting or protecting infrastructure or their operation in transportation, e.g. on roads, waterways or railways

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Abstract

A method of recovering hydrocarbons from hydro carbonaceous materials can include forming a constructed permeability control infrastructure (100). This constructed infrastructure defines a substantially encapsulated volume. A comminuted hydro carbonaceous material can be introduced into the control infrastructure to form a permeable body (120) of hydro carbonaceous material. The permeable body (120) can be heated sufficient to remove hydrocarbons therefrom such as by using heating conduits (118,126). During heating the hydro carbonaceous material is substantially stationary as the constructedinfrastructure (100) is a fixed structure. Removed hydrocarbons can be collected as liquid products (136) and gaseous products (140) for further processing, use in the process, and/or use as recovered.

Description

Utilize constructed infrastructure and relevant system from hydrocarbonaceous material, to reclaim the method for hydrocarbon
Related application
[01] the application requires in the U.S. Provisional Application 60/900 of submission on February 9th, 2007,505, the U.S. Provisional Application of submitting on March 12nd, 2,007 60/906,634 and the U.S. Provisional Application 60/930 submitted on May 17th, 2007,711 rights and interests, this paper incorporated by reference in their each pieces of writing.
Background technology
[02] although price increases and other economic and geographical political factor, to the whole world and the domestic needs sustainable growth of fossil oil.Along with this type of demand sustainable growth, to finding the research that other economically viable fossil oil is originated and investigating corresponding increase.In history, a lot of people have recognized the big energy that for example is stored in resinous shale, coal and the tar sand mineral deposit.Yet these sources are a difficult challenge with regard to the white war recovery always.Canada's tar sand shows that these trials can be fruitful, although a lot of challenge still exists, comprises environmental influence, quality product and process time and other.
[03] global oil shale reserves is estimated to arrive in the scope of about 7,000,000,000,000 barrels of oil 2,000,000,000,000, and this depends on the source of estimation.In any case these reserves are being represented huge capacity and still are being untapped substantially resources.A large amount of companies and investor constantly study and test the method for refiltered oil from these reserves.In oil shale industry, extracting method comprises the underground rubble flue that produced by nuclear explosion, in-situ method is such as original position conversion process (ICP) method (Shell Oil) and burn in the gas retort that steel is made.Other method comprises in-situ radio-frequency method (microwave) and " improvement " in-situ method---wherein underground mining, explosion and destructive distillation are combined making rubble from the stratum, thereby allow better to burn and add hot permeability.Perviousness expects that normally reason is pyrolysis---it can be realized with higher quality and bigger output under lower energy input for extracting the method for hydrocarbon.
[04] in typical resinous shale technology, all technology all faces the balance of economy and environmental factors.There is not independent technology to satisfy economy, environment and technological challenge at present.In addition, the problem of Global warming causes the solution carbonic acid gas (CO relevant with this type of technology 2) the other measure that discharges.Need to realize that yet environmental management still provides the method for high yield energy fuel output.
[05] appearance of underground original position notion is avoided mining cost simultaneously based on the ability of their output high yields.Although can realize avoiding the cost savings of digging up mine, because the extremely low perviousness of shale, in-situ method needs long period heating stratum, depends on its character, this method need slowly and long destructive distillation time with fracture and transform hydrocarbon in the stratum.By utilizing in-situ method, can obtain results aspect capacity and the mining cost saving, but in-situ method meets with permeability problems, this needs stratum breaking and gentle to produce oil than the long time.For any in-situ method, may the most great challenge be that long-term potential water uncertain and that may descend fresh water aquifer to occur concomitantly pollutes.In the situation of the ICP of Shell method, " freeze wall " is used as barrier, so that keep the isolation between waterbearing stratum and the subsurface treatment area in theory.Although this is possible, there is not secular analysis to confirm to guarantee for a long time to prevent to pollute.In the shortage assurance and even under situation about still less remedying, if the freeze wall failure expects that then other method solves this type of environmental risk.
[06] for this reason and other reason, still there are needs in the method and system that can provide improved hydrocarbon to reclaim from suitable hydrocarbonaceous material, described method and system has acceptable economics and has avoided above-mentioned defective.
Summary of the invention
[07] according to the present invention, the method that reclaims hydrocarbon from hydrocarbonaceous material can comprise that forming the structurizing perviousness controls infrastructure.This constructed infrastructure defines basic sealed volume.The hydrocarbonaceous material of extraction can be introduced into the permeable body that forms hydrocarbonaceous material in this control infrastructure.Permeable body can fully be heated so that therefrom shift out hydrocarbon.Hydrocarbonaceous material can be an immobilized basically in heat-processed.The hydrocarbon that is shifted out can be collected with further processing, fuel or additive use as a supplement in technology, and/or need not further to handle and directly use.The control infrastructure can comprise impermeable wall or impermeable sidewall and the impervious substantially bottom and the lid of complete lining.
[08] the present invention can make the problem of difficulty be resolved, described problem with from the surface or the hydrocarbonaceous mineral deposit of underground mining and relevant with biomass extraction hydrocarbon liquid with gas from biomass such as the resinous shale, tar sand, brown coal, coal of results.The present invention helps to reduce cost, increase volume output, reduces the air discharging, limits water consumption, prevents the underground reservoir pollution, transforms surface disturbance, reduces materials handling cost, removes dirty particulate and improves the hydrocarbon liquid of recovery or the composition of gas, or the like.The present invention also with safer, more predictable, through engineering approaches, observable, recoverable, can revise and preventible water conservation structure, solved water pollution problems.
[09] the present invention is relevant " on the ground " method of mining, yet it is not limited to or is bound by conventional ground (not in position) method for destructive distillation.The present invention is improved the benefit of surperficial gas retort, comprises technological control temperature, pressure, injection rate, fluid and gas composition better, quality product and owing to the better perviousness of handling and the rubble of heating extraction produces.According to the present invention, these advantages are available, have also solved volume, processing and scalable property problem simultaneously, and this surperficial gas retort that is great majority have been made can not provide.
[10] can be relevant with environment protection from other improvement that the present invention obtains.By extraction and by after the surperficial gas retort, conventional surperficial gas retort has the problem of spent shale in spent shale.The spent shale that has been heated change needs special processing so that reclaim with underground reservoir from drainage basin, the face of land and separate.Purpose of the present invention has solved recovery and destructive distillation with unique integrated processes.About also being the air discharging of the existing representational subject matter of surperficial dry distillation, the present invention is because its huge volume capacity and hypertonicity can adapt to the longer heating residence time and so lower temperature.In extraction process, a cryogenic benefit is that the carbon dioxide generating from carbonate decomposition in the resinous shale ore in sand form can be limited basically, thereby reduces CO significantly 2Discharge and atmospheric polluting material.The present invention provides not only a problem but the solution of many problems uniquely, and carries out with incorporate method.Thereby the interests important to the public can realize aspect energy generation, economic opportunity, environmental management and the energy output.
[11] according to the following detailed description of setting forth feature of the present invention for example, further feature of the present invention and advantage will be tangible.
Description of drawings
[12] Fig. 1 is the lateral parts cross-sectional schematic according to the structurizing perviousness control infrastructure of one embodiment of the present invention.
[13] Fig. 2 is top view and the orthographic plan according to a plurality of perviousness control impoundment dedicated of one embodiment of the present invention.
[14] Fig. 3 is the side sectional view according to the perviousness control impoundment dedicated of one embodiment of the present invention.
[15] Fig. 4 is the synoptic diagram according to the part of the constructed infrastructure of embodiment of the present invention.
[16] Fig. 5 is the synoptic diagram that conducts heat between two perviousness control impoundment dedicated that show according to another embodiment of the present invention.
[17] should be noted that described accompanying drawing only is illustration several embodiments of the present invention and therefore is not intended to limit scope of the present invention.In addition, the general not drawn on scale of described accompanying drawing, but for drawing up for the purpose of convenient when the diagram each side of the present invention and clear.
Embodiment
[18], and will use specific language to describe described illustrative embodiments at this referring now to illustrative embodiments.Yet should be appreciated that at this and be not intended to limit scope of the present invention.The change of feature of the present invention as herein described and further revise and the principle of the invention as described herein other application---it is that association area and the technician who has had the disclosure content will expect, is considered within the scope of the invention.In addition, before specific implementations of the present invention is disclosed and describes, should be appreciated that to the invention is not restricted to concrete grammar disclosed herein and material, because these can change to a certain extent.It is also understood that term used herein only is used to describe the purpose of specific implementations, and to be not intended to be determinate, because scope of the present invention is only limited by appended claim and Equivalent thereof.
Definition
[19] describing and claimed when of the present invention, will use following term.
[20] singulative " (a) ", " one (an) " and " being somebody's turn to do (the) " comprise that plural number refers to, unless context is clearly stipulated in addition.Therefore, for example, referring to of " wall (a wall) " comprised that referring to that one or more these class formations, " permeable body (a permeable body) " comprise refers to one or more these type of materials, and " heating steps (heating step) " refers to one or more these type of steps.
[21] as used herein, " reference level following (below grade) " and " ground (subgrade) " are meant and support soil or argillous basis below structured configurations.Therefore, when rock, soil or other material when a position is removed or is excavated, surface grade level is followed the profile of this excavation.Term " original position ", " in the stratum " and " underground " therefore are meant activity or the position below reference level.
[22] as used herein, " conduit (conduit) " is meant any path along distance to a declared goal, and it can be used for transporting material and/or heat from the three unities to another place.Although conduit can be circular pipe usually, other non-circular conduit also can be useful.Conduit can be advantageously used in insert the liquid in the permeable body or from this permeable body extracting liq, conduct heat and/or carry radio-frequency unit, fuel cell mechanism, resistance heater or other device.
[23] as used herein, " constructed infrastructure (constructed infrastructure) " is meant it all is the synthetical structure basically, and it is opposite with the freeze wall, sulphur wall or other barrier that form by the hole of revising or filling existing geo-logical terrain.
[24] structurizing perviousness control infrastructure preferably is substantially free of the original state geo-logical terrain, although this infrastructure can be close to or directly be contacted virgin zone and form.This kind control infrastructure can be independently or by being connected to virgin zone of mechanical means, chemical process or these class methods, for example utilizes anchor, is that material or other suitable equipment unit bolt are connected in this stratum.
[25] as used herein, " pulverizing " is meant stratum or bigger agglomerate is broken into fragment.The agglomerate of pulverizing can be broken or otherwise be broken into fragment.
[26] as used herein, " hydrocarbonaceous material " is meant any material that contains hydrocarbon that therefrom can extract or obtain hydrocarbon products.For example, hydrocarbon can be directly as liquid extraction, shift out via solvent extraction, direct evaporation or otherwise from this material, shift out.Yet many hydrocarbonaceous material contain kerogen or the pitch that is converted into hydrocarbon by heating and pyrolysis.Hydrocarbonaceous material can include but not limited to that resinous shale, tar sand, coal, brown coal, pitch, mud coal and other are rich in the organism rock.
[27] as used herein, " impoundment dedicated (impoundment) " is meant to design and holds or keep liquid and/or solid-state mobile specie cumulative structure.Impoundment dedicated comes from least one most of ground and usually from the support structure of terre-matiere.Therefore, control wall of the present invention does not always have and irrelevant independent intensity or the structural integrity of terre-matiere that forms them and/or stratum.
[28] as used herein, " permeable body " is meant the piece of the hydrocarbonaceous material of any pulverizing with relative hypertonicity, and described high relatively perviousness surpasses the perviousness of the solid-state virgin zone of same composition.Other scope is suitable for permeable body of the present invention and can has greater than about 10% void volume and have about void volume of 20% to 40% usually, although can be suitable.Allow hypertonicity to promote to the heating of permeable body, also to greatly reduce be crushed to fine size relevant cost simultaneously as main heat transfer, for example be lower than about 1 and arrive about 0.5 inch by convection current.
[29] as used herein, " wall " be meant have the perviousness control action kou with material is limited in to small part by any structure feature in the sealed volume that limits of control wall.Wall is can be by any way directed, such as vertical, also can be " wall " as used herein although define top, the end and other profile of this sealed volume.
[30] as used herein, " extraction " is meant from initial stratography position or geologic position moves on to or the material of disturbance to the second and different positions.Usually, the extraction material can shift out material by fragmentation, crushing, blast initiation or other modes and produces from geo-logical terrain.
[31] as used herein, " basic immobilized " be meant when hydrocarbon when hydrocarbonaceous material shifts out, almost motionless material location, owing to popcorn effect, it has to a certain degree sinking, expansion space, and/or sedimentation.On the contrary, any circulation of hydrocarbonaceous material and/or mobile such as what find, comprises that the highly significant of hydrocarbonaceous material moves and handles in fluidized-bed or rotation gas retort.
[32] as used herein, " basic " is meant the amount that is enough to provide the effect that this material or feature provided by intention when being used in reference to amount of substance or quantity or its concrete feature.The admissible accurate degree of deviation can be depending on concrete context in some cases.Similarly, " be substantially free of " etc. and be meant element or the material that in composition, lacks indication.Especially, be accredited as the element of " not containing substantially " or be not present in fully in the composition, perhaps only with enough little so that this composition is not had the amount that can measure influence comprised.
[33] as used herein, " approximately " is meant the degree of deviation based on the experimental error of representing the indication special properties.The scope that term " approximately " provides will depend on concrete context and specific character and be that those skilled in the art can distinguish easily.Term " approximately " is not intended to enlarge or limit the degree that can be endowed the Equivalent of particular value in addition.In addition, except as otherwise noted, term " approximately " will comprise " accurately " clearly, and will be consistent with following discussion about scope and numeric data.
[34] concentration, size, quantity and other numeric datas can present with range format at this.Be to be understood that, such range format is only for convenient and use for purpose of brevity, and the numerical value of clearly narrating as this range limit should be interpreted as neatly not only comprising, and comprise whole single numerical value or the inferior scope that is included in this scope, enunciated as each numerical value and inferior scope.For example, about 1 to about 200 scope should be interpreted as not only comprising clearly 1 and about 200 boundaries of narration, and comprises single size, such as 2,3,4 and inferior scope such as 10 to 50,20 to 100 etc.
[35] as used herein, for simplicity, a plurality of items, constituent, component and/or material can present in common list.Yet these tabulations are appreciated that each member as this tabulation is confirmed as independent and unique member respectively.Therefore, under the situation that does not have the phase antirepresentation, the single member of this type of tabulation should only not be presented on the actual Equivalent that is interpreted as any other member of same tabulation in the mutual group based on them.
Embodiments of the present invention
[36] according to the present invention, the method that reclaims hydrocarbon from hydrocarbonaceous material can comprise that forming the structurizing perviousness controls infrastructure.This constructed infrastructure defines basic sealed volume.Hydrocarbonaceous material extraction or results can be introduced into the permeable body that forms hydrocarbonaceous material in this control infrastructure.Permeable body can fully be heated so that therefrom shift out hydrocarbon.Hydrocarbonaceous material can be an immobilized basically in heat-processed, because constructed infrastructure is the fixed structure.The hydrocarbon that is shifted out can be collected and use with further processing, in technology and/or as use when reclaiming.
[37] each aspect of these aspects of the present invention is described below in further detail.Structurizing perviousness control infrastructure can utilize existing reference level to form as the bottom support of this constructed infrastructure and/or as side wall support.For example, the control infrastructure can be used as stand-alone configuration and forms, and promptly only utilizes existing reference level as the bottom, and wherein sidewall is a synthetical.Alternatively, the control infrastructure can form in the hole of excavating.In any case control infrastructure of the present invention always forms more than reference level.
[38] structurizing perviousness control infrastructure of the present invention can comprise perviousness control impoundment dedicated, and it defines basic sealed volume.Perviousness control impoundment dedicated of the present invention is substantially free of the original state geo-logical terrain.Particularly, the perviousness control aspect of impoundment dedicated can by complete latticeization and artificial be independent isolation mechanism, move in the sealed volume or move out sealed volume in order to prevent that material is uncontrolled.
[39] in an embodiment of the invention, perviousness control impoundment dedicated can form along the wall in the hydrocarbonaceous material mineral deposit of excavating.For example, resinous shale, tar sand or coal can be from the mineral deposit extraction to form approximately depression corresponding to the impoundment dedicated sealed volume of expectation.The depression that is excavated then can be as the shape and the support of setting up perviousness control impoundment dedicated.
[40] of the present invention one optional aspect, at least one other excavation hydrocarbonaceous material mineral deposit can form, so that can operate a plurality of impoundment dedicated.In addition, such structure can promote the shipment distance of extraction material to reduce.Particularly, being used for the extraction hydrocarbonaceous material of any particular encapsulated volume can be from the adjacent mineral deposit extraction of excavation hydrocarbonaceous material.In this way, grid that can the construction structure structure is so that the material of extraction can be loaded in the adjacent impoundment dedicated immediately and directly.
[41] mining in hydrocarbonaceous mineral deposit and/or excavation can utilize any suitable technique to finish.Conventional surface mining can be used, the material of institute's extraction needn't be required to carry although also can utilize optional excavator.In a concrete embodiment, the hydrocarbonaceous mineral deposit can utilize the excavator of crane-suspended to excavate.An example of suitable excavator can comprise rectilinear tunnel boring machine.Such machine can be configured to excavate rock and the material below excavator.Along with material is removed, excavator is lowered to guarantee and stratum Continuous Contact basically.The material that is removed can utilize conveyor or elevator to send out excavation regions.Alternatively, excavate and under the aqueous slurry condition, carry out, to reduce dirt problems and to serve as lubricant/coolant.Slurry material can be pumped out excavation place, with in subsider or other similar solid-liquid separator, carry out solids constituent from, solid is directly precipitated in impoundment dedicated.This method can be easily and combining based on the metal of solution and the recovery of other materials of carrying out simultaneously or sequentially, and is as described in more detail below.
[42] in addition, the excavation of perviousness control impoundment dedicated and formation can be finished simultaneously.For example, excavator can be configured to shift out the sidewall that hydrocarbonaceous material forms impoundment dedicated simultaneously.Material can only be removed below sidewall edge, so that this wall can import downwards, thereby allows above other wall section is stacked in.This method can allow to increase the degree of depth and avoid before the supportive impoundment walls forms simultaneously or reduce the danger of caving in.
[43] impoundment dedicated can be formed by any suitable material, and this material makes by the material transfer of impoundment walls is isolated.By this way, between control infrastructure operational period, the integrity of wall is held to be enough to stop basically the uncontrolled outside that moves to the control infrastructure of fluid.The non-limiting example of suitable material that is used to form the impoundment dedicated of structurizing perviousness control infrastructure can comprise geotechnological cloth bag, fluoropolymer resin, grease-proof PVC lining or its combination of clay, wilkinite (for example comprising the bentonitic clay of at least a portion), compacting weighting material, refractory cements, cement, synthetic geo-grid, glass fibre, reinforcing bar, nano-sized carbon soccerballene (fullerene) additive, filling.Cement composite (ECC) (fiber cement composite material, the engineered cementitious composite) material of transforming, fibre-reinforced matrix material etc. can be firm especially and can be by perviousness and the temperature tolerance requirement of transformation to satisfy specific device easily.As general policy, the material that has low-permeability and high mechanical integrity under the service temperature of infrastructure is preferred, but optional.For example, fusing point can be used between heating and payback period and keeps leakproof (containment) afterwards at the material more than the infrastructure maximum operating temp.Yet,, also can use the material of lesser temps if non-heated buffer zone is maintained between the hot spots of wall and permeable body.This type of buffer zone can be in 6 inches to 50 feet scope, and this depends on the certain material that is used for impoundment dedicated and the composition of permeable body.In another aspect of the present invention, the wall of impoundment dedicated can be acidproof, water-fast and/or resistant to saline solution, for example be enough to tolerate be exposed to solvent recuperation and/or with the rinsing of acidity or salt brine solution, and steam or water.For along the stratum or other solid support and the impoundment walls that forms, this impoundment walls can be formed such as the fire-resistant class g cement slurry that can spray by spraying grout, spray coating liquor precursor emulsion or other blasting materials, and the described fire-resistant class g cement slurry that sprays forms sealing at the stratum and produces perviousness control impoundment walls of the present invention.The sealed volume that moves into impoundment dedicated in a large number or shift out impoundment walls can be a successive basically, is enough to stop fluid except that import and outlet so that impoundment dedicated forms---for example as this paper discussion via conduit etc.---from impoundment dedicated.In this way, impoundment dedicated of the present invention can easily satisfy government's fluid migration regulations.Alternatively, or combine with the barrier of making, the part impoundment walls can be original state geo-logical terrain and/or compacted soil.In the case, structurizing perviousness control infrastructure is permeable and the combination of impermeable wall, as is described in greater detail below.
[44] aspect a detailed description of the present invention, a part of hydrocarbonaceous material, before handling or after handling, can be used as at the bottom of cement stabilization and/or the cement based, it is in position poured into then, to form the part or all of wall of control infrastructure.These materials can in position form or can be pre-formed, and assemble at the scene then and form whole impoundment dedicated buildings.For example, impoundment dedicated can be by cast form as a whole in position, extrude, preliminary shaping or prefabricated component piles up, the concrete plate that connects by grout (cement, ECC or other suitable material), expanded form etc. are built.These forms can be built up or can be independent structures according to landing surface.Form can be built by any suitable material, such as, but not limited to steel, timber, glass fibre, polymkeric substance etc.Form can in position be assembled maybe can utilize lifting machine or other suitable mechanism's orientation.Alternatively, structurizing perviousness control infrastructure can be by forming with the basket and/or the geotechnological synthetic textiles of tight pack material by layer assembling.Can add optional tackiness agent, to strengthen the compactness of perviousness control wall.Aspect another detailed description of the present invention, the control infrastructure can comprise or mainly by sealing agent, grout, reinforcing bar, synthesis of clay, wilkinite, clay lining cutting, refractory cements, high temperature geomembrane, water shoot, alloy slice or combinations thereof.
[45] in one embodiment, the structure of impoundment walls and bottom can comprise that the carbon of the low-quality shale of inherent or manipulation and sand, cement, fiber, vegetable fibre, nano-sized carbon, glass cullet, enhancing steel, transformation strengthens a plurality of compacted lifts of any combination of grid, calcium etc.Except that this type of composite walls, can adopt by other pressuretightness engineering and prevent the design that secular fluid and gas move, it includes but not limited to lining, geomembrane, compacted soil, input sand, gravel or rock and gravity drainage profile, so that fluid and gas move to outlet away from watertight layer.Impoundment dedicated bottom and wall construction can but needn't comprise slope or steps rank or time rank dig up mine because the situation of mining process can stipulate to follow best grade of ore.Any such on rank or down in the application on rank, bottom level and leakproof wall construction can be discharged or tilt usually to a side or specific central gathering area (or a plurality of gathering area), to help to remove fluid by gravity drainage.
[46] randomly, encloses container wall and substructure can comprise isolator, and it prevents that heat from outwards transmitting or inside encloses container or conduit in the main structure capsule containment outwards transmits from constructed infrastructure.Isolator can comprise material, cement or various other material of having made, and it is littler than the thermal conductivity that object on every side gets final product permeable mass, stratum, adjacent infrastructure etc.Adiabatic barrier also can be in permeable body, form along impoundment walls, top and/or bottom.A detailed description aspect of the present invention comprises and utilizes biodegradable megohmite, for example soy insulation etc.This is consistent with the such embodiment of the present invention, and wherein impoundment dedicated is single application system, so that isolator, pipe and/or other parts can have low relatively work-ing life, for example less than 1-2.This can reduce equipment cost and reduce secular environmental influence.
[47] structure of the present invention and method can almost used under any scale.The impoundment dedicated number of bigger sealed volume and increase can easily be produced hydrocarbon products and the performance that is comparable to or surpasses less constructed infrastructure.As an illustration, the size of single impoundment dedicated can be from tens of rice to tens of acres.Optimum impoundment dedicated size can become according to hydrocarbonaceous material and operating parameters, yet, expect suitable areal extent can in the top plan surface-area from about 1/2nd acres to five acres.
[48] method of the present invention and infrastructure can be used for reclaiming hydrocarbon from multiple hydrocarbonaceous material.A special advantage of the present invention is the wide degree of freedom aspect control is introduced into granular size, condition and the composition of the permeable body in the sealed volume.The non-limiting example of the hydrocarbonaceous material of extraction that can be processed comprises resinous shale, tar sand, coal, brown coal, pitch, mud coal or its combination.In some cases, the hydrocarbonaceous material that provides single type that can expect is so that permeable body mainly is made up of one of above-mentioned substance.Yet permeable body can comprise the mixture of these materials, so that grade, oleaginousness, hydrogen content, perviousness etc. can be conditioned to reach the result of expectation.In addition, different hydrocarbon materials can be in a plurality of layers or be in the blended mode such as combination coal, resinous shale, tar sand, biomass and/or mud coal.
[49] in one embodiment, based on the reason of optimizing, hydrocarbonaceous material can be subdivided in each inner encloses container in the main structure infrastructure.For example, when oil shale formation was dug up mine, the layer and the degree of depth of the oil shale formation of being dug up mine may more enrichments in the productive zone of some degree of depth.In case explode, dig up mine, scoop up and be dragged in the encloses container so that place, more the oil-containing ore of enrichment can be classified or mixes by enrichment, to realize optimum yield, to reclaim faster, perhaps is implemented on average best in each impoundment dedicated.In addition, provide the different layers of forming to have the benefit of increase.For example, the lower floor of tar sand can be directed below the upper strata of resinous shale.Usually, this levels can be in direct contact with one another, although this is dispensable.The upper strata can comprise embedding heating tube wherein, as more detailed description below.Heating tube can heated oil shale, with enough release kerogen oil---and comprise the short chain liquid hydrocarbon, it can serve as removes the bituminous solvent from tar sand.By this way, originate as situ solvent in the upper strata, is used for strengthening shifting out pitch from lower floor.Heating tube in lower floor is chosen wantonly, and this lower floor can not contain heating tube or can comprise heating tube like this, and this depends on the amount of the heat of transmitting via downward transmit fluid from upper strata and any other thermal source.The feature of selective control permeable body and the ability of composition are in the degree of freedom that has increased significant quantity aspect optimizing oil yield and the quality.
[50] in addition, in many embodiments of the present invention, gaseous state that is discharged and liquid product serve as the solvent of produced in situ, its strengthen that kerogen shifts out and/or from hydrocarbonaceous material other hydrocarbon shift out.
[51] aspect another detailed description of the present invention, permeable body can further comprise additive or biomass.Additive can comprise any composition, and its effect is the quality that increases the hydrocarbon shifted out, and for example API increases, viscosity reduces, flow characteristics is improved, remain the wetting reduction, sulphur minimizing, hydrogenant agent minimizing of shale etc.The non-limiting example of suitable additive can comprise the combination of pitch, kerogen, propane, Sweet natural gas, natural gas condensate, crude oil, refining bottom material, bituminous matter, common solvent, other thinner and these materials.In a concrete embodiment, additive can comprise flow activator and/or hydrogen donor agent.Some materials can serve as two kinds or any reagent and flow or as hydrogen donor to improve.The non-limiting example of examples of such additives can comprise methane, natural gas condensate, common solvent such as acetone, toluene, benzene etc., and above-named other additives.Additive can be used for increasing any hydrocarbon products hydrogen-carbon ratio, and serves as flow enhancing agent.For example, all kinds of SOLVENTS and other additives can produce physical mixture, and it has the viscosity of reduction and/or the affinity of reduction for solid particulate, rock etc.In addition, some additives can react and/or allow the liquid-flow of hydrocarbon products with hydrocarbonylation.Employed any additives can become the part of final recovery product or can be moved out of and utilize or handle in addition.
[52] similarly, the biological hydroxylation of hydrocarbonaceous material can utilize known additives and method to finish to form synthetic gas or other light-end products.Also can use other enzymes or biological catalyst in a similar fashion.In addition, manmade materials also can be used as additive, such as, but not limited to tire, polymeric refuse or other hydrocarbonaceous material.
[53] although but method widespread use of the present invention, as general policy, permeable body can comprise from about 1/8 inch to about 6 feet particle, and in some cases less than 1 foot, and in other cases less than about 6 inches.Yet as practical situation, about 2 inches can provide excellent results to about 2 feet size, and particularly about 1 ft diam can be used for resinous shale.Void space can be an important factor of the best particle diameter of decision.As general situation, can use the void space of any function; Yet about 15% to about 40% and about in some cases 30% provides the effectively excellent balance between the utilization of perviousness and available volume usually.By changing other parameter such as heating duct position, additive etc., void volume can change a little.The mechanical separation of the hydrocarbonaceous material of extraction makes it possible to produce the particle of fine mesh, hypertonicity, can improve rate of heat dissipation in case it is placed in the encloses container in the impoundment dedicated.The perviousness that increases allows more rational low temperature, and it also helps avoid high temperature, and this high temperature causes more CO 2Generation is from carbonate decomposition, and correspondingly discharges trace heavy metal, volatile organic matter and can produce poisonous effluent and/or not expect other compound of material, these poisonous effluents and/or do not expect that material must monitored and control.
[54] in one embodiment, computer assisted mining, mining design, haul, blast, analysis, loading, transportation, arrangement and dust prevention can be used to satisfy and optimizing extraction material moves to speed in the airtight leakage-proof structure of structurizing.Of the present invention one optional aspect, impoundment dedicated of the present invention can form in the excavation volume of hydrocarbon containing formation, while away from control infrastructure other position also can be useful.For example, some hydrocarbon containing formations have the hydrocarbon enriched layer of relative thin, for example less than about 300 feet.Therefore, steep mining and boring often are not that cost is effective.In the case, level mining can be used to reclaim hydrocarbonaceous material, forms permeable body.Although level mining is a kind of challenging trial always, many technology are developed, and continue in exploitation, and it can be used in combination with the present invention.In the case, at least a portion of impoundment dedicated can be crossed over horizontal layer and be formed, and the other parts of this impoundment dedicated can along and/or contiguous non-hydrocarbon containing formation form.Other mining methods can provide the source of the effective hydrocarbonaceous material with inferior limit waste such as, but not limited to house column type mining, and/or the recovery that can be transported to impoundment dedicated and handle according to the present invention.
[55] as described herein, about designing the also character and the feature of optimized permeable body at specific device, the present invention allows to control largely.Impoundment dedicated, individually and cross over a plurality of impoundment dedicated, the product that can form, want based on the difference of material etc. and easily repair and classify.For example, several impoundment dedicated can be used to produce heavy crude, and light-end products and/or synthetic gas are produced in can being arranged to of other.The non-limiting example of potential classification and factor can comprise catalyst activity, the enzymatic reaction at specific product, aromatic substance, hydrogen content, microorganism strains or purpose, upgrading processing, target the finished product, pressure (realization quality product and type), temperature, expansion character, hydro-thermal reaction, hydrogen donor agent, hot additional processing (superdisposition), rubbish impoundment dedicated, sewage impoundment dedicated, reusable pipeline and other.Typically, a plurality of in these factors are used in given engineering district and make up impoundment dedicated based on different products and purpose.
[56] hydrocarbonaceous material of Fen Suiing can be filled in the control infrastructure in any suitable manner to form permeable body.Usually, the hydrocarbonaceous material of pulverizing can by dump, travelling belt or other appropriate means be transported in the control infrastructure.As the front narration, permeable body can have suitably high void volume.Not having dumping of selecting can cause over-drastic compacting and void volume to reduce.Therefore, permeable body can form by the low compacting of hydrocarbonaceous material is transported in the infrastructure.For example, along with permeable body is formed, the travelling belt of withdrawal can be used for substance delivery near the end face of this permeable body.In this way, hydrocarbonaceous material can keep void volume big between the particle, and not significant further crushing or compacting, although the little compaction that when permeable body is formed, exists some often to cause by lithostatic pressure.
[57] in case the permeable body of expectation forms, then can introduce the heat that is enough to begin to shift out hydrocarbon within the control infrastructure, for example pass through pyrolysis.Suitable thermal source is relevant with permeable body heat.Optimum operating temperature within permeable body can depend on that the product of forming and expecting changes.Yet as general policy, service temperature can be from about 200 °F to about 750 °F.The temperature variation of whole sealed volume can change and some zones can reach up to 900 °F or more than.In one embodiment, service temperature can be relatively low temperature, promoting the production of liquid product, such as from about 200 °F to about 650 °F.This heating steps can be the roasting operation, and it causes the ore dressing to the crushed ore of permeable body.Further, an embodiment of the invention comprise controlled temperature, pressure and dependent variable thereof, and it is enough to mainly produce product liquid and only produces liquid product in some cases basically.Usually, product can comprise liquid state and gaseous product, and liquid product can require procedure of processing such as washing machine still less etc.The perviousness that permeable body is high relatively allows the production liquid hydrocarbon product and minimizes gaseous product, and this depends on specific starting material and operational condition to a certain extent.In one embodiment, the recovery of hydrocarbon products can lack under the fissured situation in permeable body basically and carries out.
[58] in one aspect of the invention, heat can be passed to permeable body by convection current.The gas of heating can be injected in the control infrastructure, and this permeable body mainly is heated by convection current when running through permeable body with convenient heated air.Heated air can produce by the burning in Sweet natural gas, hydrocarbon product or any other suitable source.Heated air can reclaim from the external source input or from technology of the present invention.
[59] alternatively, or combine with convective heating, highly configurable method can comprise a plurality of conduits are embedded in the permeable body.Conduit can be configured as heating tube, cooling tube, heat-transfer pipe, water shoot or flue.Further, in infrastructure operating period, conduit can be used for simple function or can be used for multiple function, promptly conducts heat and draining.Depend on expectation function, conduit can be formed by any suitable material.The non-limiting example of suitable material can comprise vitrified pipe, refractory cements pipe, infusibility ECC pipe, cast in situs pipe, metal tube such as cast iron, stainless steel etc., polymkeric substance such as PVC and analogue.In a specific implementations, all or at least a portion embeds conduit can comprise degradable material.For example, non-zinc-plated 6 " cast iron pipe can be used for the single-use embodiment effectively, and its in the valid period of impoundment dedicated, move good, usually less than about 2 years.Further, the different of a plurality of conduits partly can be formed by different materials.The cast in situs pipe can be used in particular for very large sealed volume, and wherein caliber is above several feet.Such pipe can utilize with annular shape and keep the soft outer cover of viscous fluid to form.For example, pvc pipe can be used as the part of this form together with soft outer cover, and wherein concrete or other viscous fluid are pumped in the annular space between PVC and the soft outer cover.Depend on expectation function, can in conduit, make perforation or other hole and between conduit and permeable body, flow to allow fluid.Typical service temperature surpasses the fusing point of conventional polymer and pitch tube.In some embodiments, conduit can be placed and be directed, so that conduit had a mind to melt or otherwise degraded in the operating period of infrastructure.
[60] no matter a plurality of conduits can be substantially horizontal, vertical, that tilt, branched or other form with any structure by easily directed.Before embedding conduit in the permeable body, at least a portion of conduit can be along predetermined passage orientation.Pre-routing can be designed to improve heat transfer, gas-liquid-solid contact, maximizes fluid in sealed volume from the output of specific region or shift out etc.Further, catheter segment can be used to heat permeable body at least.These heating ducts can be bored a hole by selectivity, to allow heated air or other fluid convection heating permeable body and to mix in whole permeable body.Perforation can be positioned and adjust size with the even and/or controlled heating of optimization in whole permeable body.Alternatively, heating duct can form closed circuit, so that heated air or fluid and permeable body are isolated.Therefore, " closed circuit " not necessarily needs recirculation, but needs heating fluid and permeable body to isolate.By this way, heating can mainly or basically only be finished by entering the permeable body by catheter wall from heating fluid thermal conduction.Heating allows to prevent the mass transfer between heating fluid and permeable body in closed circuit, and can reduce the formation and/or the extraction of gaseous hydrocarbons product.
[61] during the heating or baking burning of permeable body, the local heating zone that surpasses the parent rock decomposition temperature---through being everlasting on about 900 °F, can reduce productive rate and form carbonic acid gas and can cause containing heavy metal, dissolved organic matter etc. the pouring fluid do not expect pollution compound.Heating duct of the present invention can allow to eliminate basically this type of localization heating position, simultaneously most of permeable body is maintained within the desired temperatures scope.The degree of uniformity of temperature can be the balance of cost (for example, other heating duct) to productive rate.Yet about at least 85% permeable body can easily maintain within the target temperature range of about 5-10%, and does not heat the position basically, promptly surpasses the decomposition temperature of hydrocarbonaceous material such as about 800 °F and about under many circumstances 900 °F.Therefore, operation as described herein, system of the present invention can allow to reclaim hydrocarbon and eliminate or avoid basically producing undesirable pouring fluid simultaneously.Although depend on starting material, product can change significantly, and high quality liquid and gaseous product are possible.According to an embodiment of the invention, the oil shale material of crushing can produce the liquid product with API of from about 30 to about 45, and wherein about 33 to about 38 is typical now, and it does not directly have additional processing from resinous shale.Enjoyably, practice of the present invention causes such understanding: for the hydrocarbon quality that is reclaimed, pressure is seemingly than temperature and the much smaller factor of influence heat-up time.Although depend on composition, quality of void space, permeable body etc., can change significantly heat-up time, as general policy, the time can from several days (being 3-4 days) in about 1 year scope.In a specific examples, can arrive in about 4 months scope heat-up time in about 2 weeks.In the short residence time, promptly several minutes was by several hours, and underheated resinous shale can cause leachable and/or volatile a little hydrocarbon to form.Therefore, the present invention allows at the downward long residence time of moderate temperature, so that the organism that is present in the resinous shale can volatilized and/or carbonization, stays a spot of leachable organism.In addition, following shale does not decompose usually or changes, and this reduces the formation of soluble salt.
[62] in addition, conduit can be directed among a plurality of impoundment dedicated and/or control infrastructure, with transfering fluid and/or heat between described structure.Conduit can utilize conventional welding to wait and be welded to one another.In addition, conduit can comprise that permission material in permeable body expands and sedimentation period between the juncture of rotation and/or small motion.In addition, conduit can comprise support system, its before the filling sealed volume and during and be used for the supporting tube assembly during operation.For example, between fluidic heating flow periods, heating etc. can cause expansions (pressure break or popcorn effect) or sinking, and it is enough to produce potential destructive stress and strain on conduit and the juncture that links to each other.Girders support system or other similar stationary member can be used to reduce the infringement to conduit.Stationary member can comprise cement brick, I-girder, reinforcing bar, post etc., and it can link with the wall of impoundment dedicated, comprises sidewall, bottom and top.
[63] alternatively, before introducing any material to be mined in the sealed volume, conduit can be constructed fully and be assembled.Want the careful professional etiquette of going forward side by side to draw in the pre-routing of design conduit and when filling the method for this volume, to prevent when conduit is embedded in this conduit of destruction in filling process.Therefore, press general rule, be used for conduit of the present invention and promptly be directed from the outset or before embedding permeable body, so that they are not holed.Therefore, can when not carrying out large-scale core drilling and/or the complicated machinery relevant, finish the structure and the layout thereof of conduit with pit shaft or horizontal drilling.On the contrary, the level of conduit or any other direction can be by before filling infrastructure with the hydrocarbonaceous material of extraction or the pre-routing of assembling expectation meanwhile and easily finishing.Can be furnished with the tie point that valve is controlled with the non-boring of various geometric scheme orientations, the conduit that hand placement/lifting machine is placed, it produces accurately in airtight impoundment dedicated and the heating of monitoring nearly.Place comprise with the ability of layered arrangement conduit be connected, branch road and flow valve and directly inject and exit point its permission precise temp and heating rate, accurate pressure and supercharging rate and accurate fluid and gas inlet, outlet and composition mixture.For example, when using bacterium, enzyme or other biomaterial, can easily keep optimum temps everywhere in permeable body, with performance, reaction and the reliability that increases this type of biomaterial.
[64] conduit the wall at different some places usually by constructed infrastructure.Because the temperature difference and tolerance limit, the insulating material that comprises at the interface between wall and conduit can be useful.The size at this interface can be minimized, and also allows the space of thermal dilation difference simultaneously in infrastructure startup, steady-state operation, fluctuation operational condition and downtime.This interface can also comprise insulating material and tightness system, and it prevents hydrocarbon or the uncontrolled release from the control infrastructure of other material.Suitably the non-limiting example of material can comprise that high temperature gasket, metal alloy, pottery, clay or mineral liners, matrix material or other have the material of the fusing point that is higher than the typical operation temperature, and it serves as the prolongation of the perviousness control that the wall by the control infrastructure provides.
[65] in addition, the wall of constructed infrastructure can be configured to minimal thermal losses.In one aspect, this wall can be configured has basic homogeneous thickness, and this thickness is optimized so that enough physical strengths to be provided, also minimize simultaneously conduit the volume of wall material of process.Particularly, too thick wall can reduce the amount of being transmitted the heat that enters permeable body by absorbing heat via conduction.Otherwise this wall can also serve as thermodynamic barrier so that isolated to a certain extent during operation permeable body and maintenance heat wherein.
[66] in one embodiment, for example can utilize inducing pressure or changing into the extraction product of expectation from the sedimentary rock lithostatic pressure of piling up rubble at permeable intravital fluid and gaseous compound by gas.Therefore, some degree promote to a higher rank and/or modification can be finished with removal process of the present invention.In addition, some hydrocarbonaceous material can utilize specific thinner or other material to handle.For example, according to well-known mechanism, the processing of tar sand can be injected or solvent injection separates and easily finishes from sand grains to promote pitch by steam.
[67] keep foregoing description firmly in mind, Fig. 1 has described the side-view of one embodiment of the present invention, and it has shown the airtight leakproof of building and extracted impoundment dedicated 100 that wherein existing reference level 108 mainly is used as the support of pressuretightness bottom 112.Exterior capsule impoundment side walls 102 provides leakproof and can still needn't have been segmented by inwall 104.Segmentation can produce independent containment capsules 122 in the bigger capsule containment of impoundment dedicated 100, it can be any geometrical shape, size or segmentation part.In addition, segmentation can be level or vertical stacking.By producing independent containment capsules 122 or chamber, the classification with the sectional processing rudimentary material, all gases, various liquid, various processing stage, various enzyme or microbiology type or other expectation can easily be held.Be constructed to be designed, form and the heat transfer with processing, temperature, gas and fluid that segmentation and order are provided than the encloses container that separates of the silo in the macrostructure encloses container.The encloses container that separates like this can provide other environmental monitoring and can be protected platform (tailing berm) by the afterbody of in-line arrangement that is similar to main outer wall and processing and build.In one embodiment, the separate section in impoundment dedicated 100 is used under the situation that lacks indirect heating and places material isolator, and perhaps intention restriction or control burning or solvent are used.Material with hydrocarbon of lower aq can be as incendiary material or as filling or the retaining wall construction material.Not satisfying various materials by the level threshold value can also be isolated, and need not the impoundment dedicated of being devoted to this kind purpose is changed.In this type of embodiment, such zone can be isolated fully or heat, solvent, gas, liquid etc. detour by it.Optional watching device and/or equipment can be for good and all or temporarily are placed in the impoundment dedicated or the periphery of impoundment dedicated, for confirmation by isolated substance by leakproof.
[68] wall 102 and 104 and cover 116 and impermeable bed 112 can be by basket 146 and/or padding and compacting and the geo-grid 148 of layered arrangement is built and reinforced.Alternatively, these walls 102,104,116 and 112---it constitutes perviousness control impoundment dedicated and defines sealed volume together---can be formed by foregoing other suitable material arbitrarily.In this embodiment, impoundment dedicated 100 comprises sidewall 102 and 104, and they are from supporting type.In one embodiment, afterbody protect platform (tailing berms), wall and bottom can be based on structure and perviousness and be compacted and build.Before the perviousness key-course or with perviousness key-course---it can comprise heat-resistant insulator of sand, clay, wilkinite, gravel, cement, grout, reinforced concrete, refractory cements, isolator, geomembrane, water shoot, through heating pipe etc.---, combine, can comprise that geo-grid and other deadman structure of using compacting protect Tai Hedi in order to support.
[69] in an optional embodiment, perviousness control impoundment dedicated can be included as the sidewall of compacted soil and/or original state geo-logical terrain, and lid and bottom portion is impermeable.Particularly, in such embodiment, the pressuretightness lid can be used for preventing volatile matter and gas from the uncontrolled effusion of impoundment dedicated, so that can use suitable collection and confinement of gases outlet.Similarly, the pressuretightness bottom can be used for holding and guides collected liquid to suitable outlet such as blowdown system 133, shifts out liquid product with the lower region from impoundment dedicated.Although the pressuretightness sidewall can be expected in some embodiments, this type of pressuretightness sidewall does not always need.In some cases, sidewall can be the undisturbed soil of exposure or weighting material or soil or other permeable material of compacting.Have permeable side walls and can allow some little gases and/or liquid exit from impoundment dedicated.
[70] on the structurizing capsule containment, below, on every side and near, the environmental hydrology measuring apparatus can be built so that between operational period surface water is guided again away from closed wall, bottom, lid etc.In addition, auxiliary water shoot of gravity and mechanism can be used to assemble and guide fluid, liquid or solvent in the sealed volume to arrive central authorities' gathering pipe, pumping line, prolong, heating tube, segmentation and delivery pipe, silo, groove and/or well as required.In a similar fashion, can recirculation have a mind to steam and/or the water introduced, for example be used for tar sands bitumen treatment.
[71] in case wall construction 102 and 104 be configured on---it starts from ground surface 106---at structurizing and pressuretightness bottom 112, the rubble 120 of extraction (its can according to size or the crushed or classification of hydrocarbon enrichment) can layering be placed on the tubulose heating tube 118 arranged, fluid delivery pipe 124 and or gas accumulation or syringe 126 on (or being close to them).These pipes can be directed and design with any best flow pattern, angle, length, size, volume, intersection, grid, wall size, alloy structure, perforation design, injection rate and extraction yield.In some cases, pipe such as those pipes that are used to conduct heat can be connected to thermal source 134, recirculation obtains heat by thermal source 134 or from thermal source 134.Alternatively or in combination, the gas of recovery can be condensed by condensing tower 140.The heat that reclaims by this condensing tower can randomly be used to the supplementary heating of permeable body or be used for other handle needs.
[72] thermal source 134 can obtain, strengthen, assemble, produce, in conjunction with, separate, transmit or comprise the heat that is derived from any suitable thermal source, described suitable thermal source includes but not limited to combustion chamber or its any combination of fuel cell, Solid Oxide Fuel Cell, solar energy source, wind regime, liquid hydrocarbon or gaseous combustion well heater, geothermal heat source, Nuclear power plants, coal-burning power plant, radio frequency heating, wave energy, Flameless combuster, NATURAL DISTRIBUTION.In some cases, can use resistance heater or other well heater, although Solid Oxide Fuel Cell and be at present preferred based on the incendiary well heater.In some places, GEOTHERMAL WATER can be recycled to the surface with enough amounts to heat permeable body and to be introduced in the infrastructure.
[73] in another embodiment, electro-conductive material can distribute spread all over permeable body and electric current can be through electro-conductive material with enough heatings.Electro-conductive material can include but not limited to tinsel or pearl, electroconductive cement, metallizing particle, ceramic-metal composite, conduction semi-metal carbide, calcined petroleum coke, lay the combination of wire, these materials etc.Electro-conductive material can be pre-mixed, and having various mesh sizes or described material can be introduced in the permeable body after permeable body forms.
[74] liquid or gas can be from thermal source 134 transfers heat, or in another embodiment, under the situation of hydrocarbon liquid or gaseous combustion, radio frequency generators (microwave), fuel cell or Solid Oxide Fuel Cell can but in fact needn't within airtight impoundment dedicated zone 114 or 122, produce heat.In one embodiment, the heating of permeable body can be by finishing from hydrocarbon incendiary convective heating.Interested especially is the hydrocarbon burning of the fuel that carries out under stoichiometric condition and oxygen.Stoichiometric condition can allow to increase significantly the heated air temperature.Stoichiometric(al) combustion can be used pure oxygen source but not need pure oxygen source usually, and pure oxygen source can include but not limited to that oxygen concentrator, film, electrolysis etc. provide by known technology.In some embodiments, oxygen can have the oxygen of stoichiometric and the gas of hydrogen provides certainly.Combustion exhaust can be introduced into ultra high temperature heat exchanger, for example pottery or service temperature other suitable material on about 2500.From surrounding environment, obtain or can be heated through this ultra high temperature heat exchanger, be sent to impoundment dedicated then and be used to heat permeable body from the air of other technology recirculation.Combustion exhaust can be isolated then, and need not further separation, that is to say, this is because this waste gas mainly is carbonic acid gas and water.
[75] for minimal thermal losses, the distance between combustion chamber, interchanger and impoundment dedicated can be minimized.Therefore, in a concrete embodiment that describes in detail, portable combustion chamber can be attached to independent heating duct or less conduit segmentation.It is about 100 that portable combustion chamber or burner can provide independently, and 000Btu is to about 1,000,000Btu, and wherein every pipe is about 600, and 000Btu is normally enough.
[76] alternatively, the encloses container internal combustion can be in the inner beginning of the encloses container of the separation in the airtight leakage-proof structure of main structurizing.This procedure division burning hydrocarbonaceous material is to provide heat and intrinsic pyrolysis.Deleterious air discharge 144 is in case from capsule containment 114,122 or derivation and pit shaft 142 conveyings by having bored from thermal source 134, then can be captured and be isolated in the stratum 108.Thermal source 134 can also produce electricity and transmit, changes or power supply through electric transmission line 150.Near liquid that extract from airtight impoundment dedicated treatment zone 114 or 122 or gas can be stored in the receiving tank 136 or be stored in capsule containment 114 or 122.For example, pressuretightness bottom 112 can comprise tilting zone 110, and its guiding liquids moves towards blowdown system 133, and liquid is imported into receiving tank there.
[77] when rubble material 120 is placed with pipeline 118,124,126 and 128, expect that various metering facilitys or transmitter 130 can be within the airtight leakproof impoundment dedicated 100 that monitoring during the leaching process is built, around it or in its lower section temperature, pressure, fluid, gas, composition, heating rate, density and all other process attribute.This type of watch-dog and transmitter 130 can be distributed in Anywhere---within the pipeline 118,124,126 and 128 arranged, around it, its part, coupled or on its top, perhaps at the top of rubble material 120 or pressuretightness Resistance 112, by its covering or imbed in it.
[78] along with the rubble material of being placed 120 is filled closed processes zone 114 or 122,120 have become the top braces that the pressuretightness of building is covered Resistance 138 and wall barrier structure 170, it can comprise any combination of fluid and the gas shield or the structurizing closed structure of pressuretightness and construction, described structure comprise can form 112 those, it includes but not limited to clay 162, compacting weighting material or introduces material 164, comprises material 166, geotechnique synthetic film, lining or the isolator 168 of cement or refractory cements.On 138, compaction material 116 is placed, to produce lithostatic pressure on closed processes zone 114 or 122.Cover permeable body with enough compacting weighting materials and can help further to increase the hydrocarbon product quality in permeable body, to produce the lithostatic pressure that increases.Compacting weighting material top can cover permeable body basically, and permeable body is returned and can be supported this compacting weighting material top basically.Compacting weighting material top can be sufficiently impervious to the hydrocarbon that shifts out further, perhaps can increase other perviousness control material layer in the mode that is similar to sidewall and/or diapire.In case be extracted, processing or recirculation---situation can be that by increasing any gas or fluid, additional pressure can be introduced into to be extracted in the closed processes zone 114 or 122 through pipeline 118,124,126 or 128 arbitrarily.With respect to heating, extraction in the airtight impoundment dedicated 100, stablize, isolate, accumulate, promote to a higher rank, refining or structural analysis technology, all relevant measurement, optimization rate, injection rate, extraction rate, temperature, heating rate, flow velocity, pressure ratio, Volume Indicator, chemical constitution or other data, expected that by being connected to calculating device 132 described calculating device 132 operational computations machine softwares are to manage, to calculate and to optimize whole technology.In addition, core drilling, geologic reserve analysis and stratum the trial model before blast, exploitation and the transportation (perhaps before these tasks, afterwards or during any time) can serve as data inputs and enter in the computer-controlled mechanism, its function software is to identify best placement, size, to be calibrated and cross reference is injected composition, thermal capacity, perviousness, porosity, chemical constitution and mineral composition, compacting, density with volume and design, pressure, temperature, heat input rate, gas weight percentage ratio, the gas that reaches expectation productivity.This alanysis and mensuration can comprise other factors as the weather data factor, such as the temperature and the atmospheric moisture amount of the overall performance that influences constructed infrastructure.Other data such as ore moisture content, hydrocarbon enrichment, weight, mesh size and mineral composition and geology are formed can be used as input, comprise produce that cash flow from project is logical, the time value of money data set of debt service and internal rate of return.
[79] Fig. 2 A has shown the set of impoundment dedicated, comprises unlapped or opens the airtight impoundment dedicated 100 of lid, and it contains the airtight impoundment dedicated 122 of separating of 200 inside in the stope, and stope 200 has the step type mining of various height.Fig. 2 B only for clarity sake illustrates no associated catheter and otherwise single impoundment dedicated 122.This impoundment dedicated can be similar in Fig. 1 diagrammatic impoundment dedicated or any other structure.In some embodiments, the rubble of expection exploitation can be transferred to the airtight impoundment dedicated 100 in stope and 122 along chute 230 or through conveyor 232, and does not need any mining haulage truck.
[80] Fig. 3 has shown the penetration barrier layer 112 of the construction below airtight impoundment dedicated 100, and its middle cover covering material or weighting material 302 cover and utilize the new face of land 300 with final (according to technology) on the side and top of airtight impoundment dedicated 100.The native country plant that may temporarily remove from this area can be cultivated again such as tree 306.Constructed infrastructure of the present invention can be the structure of special purpose usually, and it can easily and safely be closed under minimal additional remediation.This can reduce and mobile mass consumption material cost related significantly.Yet in some cases, constructed infrastructure can be excavated and be utilized.Some device such as radio frequency (RF) mechanism, tubing, equipment and projectors can reclaim in constructed impoundment after the hydrocarbon recovery is finished.
[81] Fig. 4 has shown PC Tools 130, and it is connected to the conduit 118,126 of thermal source 134 or 128 various character input and output during being controlled at process in the segmentation impoundment dedicated 122 in the set impoundment dedicated 100, with the heating of control permeable body.Heat can randomly be closed circuit, and gas returns thermal source or is directed away from impoundment dedicated in addition through return line 135 like this.Similarly, liquid and the steam of collecting from impoundment dedicated can be collected in monitored and respectively groove 136 and the condensing tower 140.For example, liquid product can be collected and be stored in the receiving tank 136 via the blowdown system (not shown).Condensing tower be collected and be directed to steam product from each impoundment dedicated can via suitable gas gathering system.Condensable product is high quality hydrocarbons typically, for example kerosene, rocket engine fuel or other super-fuel, and can be stored in separately in the condensable groove 141.Similarly, condensation portion can not be directed to the other parts of this technology or be stored in the groove 143.As previously described, liquid and steam product can in conjunction with, perhaps more frequent, stay as isolating product, this depends on condensable property, target product etc.Part steam product can be condensed and make up with liquid product in groove 136.Yet many steam products will be C4 and the more lighter-than-air gas that can burn, sell or use in this technology.For example, hydrogen can utilize conventional gas to separate and reclaim, and can be used for according to the routine for example hydrotreatment product liquid such as catalysis process of method of promoting to a higher rank, perhaps non-condensation gas attitude product can be burned to produce heat, is used to heat permeable body, near the adjacent or impoundment dedicated of heating, heating service or office worker zone or satisfies other Process heat needs.Constructed infrastructure can comprise that thermopair, pressure warning unit, under meter, fluid disperse transmitter, enrichment transmitter and spread all over any other common process operating device that this constructed infrastructure distributes.Each can operate these equipment with computer and link to each other, so that can monitor or change heating rate, product flow velocity and pressure between the heating period of permeable body.Randomly, the stirring of appropriate location for example can utilize that ultrasonic generator carries out, and described ultrasonic generator links to each other with permeable body.Such stirring can promote hydrocarbon separating and pyrolysis with their bonded solid materials below being arranged in.In addition, enough stirrings can reduce at permeable body and conduit obstruction and caking everywhere.
[82] Fig. 5 has shown how any catheter can be used to heat gas, liquid or heat is in any form transferred to the airtight impoundment dedicated that another separates via means of delivery 510 from any airtight impoundment dedicated of separating.Then, the refrigerative fluid can be transported to heat production encloses container 500 via heat transfer instrument 512, and perhaps hotter heat production source 134 is to obtain from encloses container 500, and be recycled to target encloses container 522 once more.Therefore, various conduits can be used for heat is transferred to another impoundment dedicated from an impoundment dedicated, so that the utilization of recirculation heat and management energy is with minimum energy losses.
[83] of the present invention aspect another, hydrogen donor agent can be introduced in the permeable body during heating steps.Hydrogen donor agent can be any composition, and it can hydrogenate hydrocarbon and can randomly be reductive agent.The non-limiting example of suitable hydrogen donor agent can comprise the substitution compound of synthetic gas, propane, methane, hydrogen, Sweet natural gas, natural gas condensate, industrial solvent such as acetone, toluene, benzene, dimethylbenzene, cumene, pentamethylene, hexanaphthene, low-carbon alkene (C4-C10), terpenes, these solvents etc.The hydrocarbon of Hui Shouing can experience hydrotreatment in permeable body or after collecting in addition.Advantageously, the hydrogen that reclaims from gaseous product can be introduced again and be used to the product liquid promote to a higher rank.In any case hydrotreatment or hydrodesulfurization process can be very useful to nitrogen and the sulphur content that reduces in the final hydrocarbon products.Randomly, catalyzer can be introduced into to promote this type of reaction.In addition, light hydrocarbon is introduced in the permeable body can cause reforming reaction, and it reduces molecular weight, increases hydrogen-carbon ratio simultaneously.This is to being used for particularly advantageous of the present invention, and partly cause is the hypertonicity of permeable body at least, is about 30% void volume often for example, although void volume usually can be about 15% to about 40% void volume.The light hydrocarbon that can be injected into can be any hydrocarbon that the hydrocarbon that reclaims is provided reformation.The non-limiting example of suitable light hydrocarbon comprises that Sweet natural gas, natural gas condensate, industrial solvent, hydrogen donor agent and other have ten or carbon and often have five or the hydrocarbon of carbon still less still less.At present, Sweet natural gas be a kind of effectively, easily and abundant light hydrocarbon.As previously described, all kinds of SOLVENTS or other additive also can be added into, and extract hydrocarbon products and often can also increase flowability from resinous shale with help.
[84] by light hydrocarbon being carried through having the delivery conduit of the opening end that is communicated with than the lower part fluid with permeable body, so that this light hydrocarbon (it is gas under normal operating state) upwards sees through this permeable body, light hydrocarbon can be introduced in the permeable body.Alternatively, this identical method can be used at first be fed to the recovery hydrocarbon of empty impoundment dedicated.In this way, impoundment dedicated can be served as the receiving tank near the direct products of impoundment dedicated, and serves as reformer or the device of promoting to a higher rank.In this embodiment, impoundment dedicated can be filled product liquid to small part, and the gaseous light hydrocarbon is process therein, and it is contacted under the temperature that is enough to according to well-known method to realize reform and condition with liquid hydrocarbon product.Also can comprise optional reforming catalyst in the product liquid in impoundment dedicated, it comprises the metal of metal such as Pd, Ni or other suitable catalytic activity.The interpolation of catalyzer can be used for reducing at the particular fluid product and/or regulating reforming temperature and/or pressure.In addition, impoundment dedicated of the present invention can easily almost form under any degree of depth.Therefore, because the amount of liquid in the impoundment dedicated and the height of impoundment dedicated, best reformation pressure (maybe when utilize the impoundment dedicated degree of depth as the pressure recovery of pressure-controlling measure when reclaiming from permeable body) can design based on hydrostatic pressure, i.e. P=ρ gh.In addition, can significantly change, be enough to provide a plurality of reformer section and adaptability pressure in the height internal pressure of impoundment dedicated.Usually, permeable intravital pressure can be enough to realize unique substantially liquid extraction, although depend on the specific composition of permeable body, can produce some more a spot of steam.As general policy, pressure can be at about 5atm in the scope of about 50atm, although approximately 6atm can be useful especially to the pressure of about 20atm.Yet, can use any greater than about atmospheric pressure.
[85] in one embodiment, the rough thing of extraction is settled out particulate in subdivided capsules.The fluid and the gas that extract can be processed to remove particulate and dust granule.Particulate separates from shale oil can be by finishing such as, but not limited to the technology of hot gas filtration, precipitation and heavy oil recirculation.
[86] hydrocarbon products that reclaims from permeable body can further processed (for example refining) or as is used when producing.Any condensable gaseous state product can carry out condensation by cooling and collection, and non-condensable gas can be collected, act as a fuel burning, reinject or use in addition or processing.Randomly, mobile equipment can be used for collecting gas.These devices can be close to the control infrastructure and by easily directed, and gaseous product is introduced to wherein via the upper zone of suitable conduit from the control infrastructure.
[87] in another optional embodiment, can after therefrom reclaiming hydrocarbon materials for the first time, be recovered in permeable intravital heat.For example, a large amount of heat are retained in the permeable body.In an optional embodiment, permeable body can be filled heat-transfer fluid such as water to form the fluid of heating, for example Jia Re water and/or steam.Simultaneously, this technology can promote shifting out of some residual hydrocarbon products via the physics rinsing of spent shale solid.In some cases, the existence of the introducing of water and steam can cause the formation of water gas shift reaction and synthetic gas.The steam that reclaims from this technology can be used for driving generator, be imported near the infrastructure another or be utilized in addition.Hydrocarbon and/or synthetic gas can separate with steam or heating fluid by ordinary method.
[88] although method of the present invention and infrastructure allow the perviousness of improvement and the control of operational condition, the materials of the quite a large amount of hydrocarbon, precious metal, mineral substance, sodium bicarbonate or other commercially valuable that do not reclaim are stayed in the permeable body often.Therefore, selective solvent can be injected into or be introduced in this permeable body.Typically, this can carry out after collecting hydrocarbon, although some selective solvent advantageously uses before can and/or collecting in heating.This can utilize one or more existing conduits or finish through permeable body by direct injection and infiltration.Selective solvent or leacgate can selected solvent as one or more target substances, for example mineral substance, precious metal, heavy metal, hydrocarbon or sodium bicarbonates.In an embodiment, steam or carbonic acid gas can be used as the purificant of permeable body to remove any remaining hydrocarbon of at least a portion.This can be useful shifting out in may valuable secondary products not only, and at the residue waste material of cleaning trace heavy metal or inorganics to being lower than detection level, to satisfy regulatory standards or to prevent that the careless leaching aspect of material also is useful in the future.
[89] more specifically, can use various recycling steps in heating before or after the permeable body, to reclaim heavy metal, precious metal, trace-metal or other material---itself or economically valuable or during the heating permeable body, may cause the problem of not expecting.Usually, the recovery of this type of material can be finished before the permeable body heat treated.But recycling step can comprise and never is limited to solution mining, leaching, solvent recuperation, precipitation, acid (for example hydrochloric acid, acid halogenide etc.), flotation, ion exchange resin exchange, plating etc.For example, heavy metal, bauxite or aluminium and mercury can also be removed by ion exchange resin (for example grain, film etc.) the resulting leacgate of recirculation of suitably design by making permeable body fill with appropriate solvent.
[90] similarly, can carry out biological extraction, bioleaching, biological recovery or the bioremediation of hydrocarbon materials, waste material or precious metal, remedy, extract precious metals and waste material is returned to environmentally acceptable standard with further improvement.In such biological extraction situation, conduit can be used for injecting catalytic gas as precursor, and it helps to encourage biological respinse and growth.This quasi-microorganism and enzyme can be before the ore solvent extraction via bio-oxidation biochemical oxidation ore body or material or cellulosic or other biomass.For example, perforated pipe or other mechanism light hydrocarbon (for example methane, ethane, propane or butane) that can be used for being enough to stimulate local bacterial growth and effect injects permeable body.Bacterium can be local or that introduce and can grow under aerobic or anaerobic condition.Such bacterium can discharge metal from permeable body, and it then can be through reclaiming with appropriate solvent flushing or other suitable recovery method.The metal that reclaims can utilize then that ordinary method is precipitated comes out.
[91] synthetic gas also can reclaim from permeable body during heating steps.Can handle each stage of gas generation by technology, service temperature that described technology improves or the reduction sealed volume is interior and adjustment enter other input of impoundment dedicated with the generation synthetic gas, and it includes but not limited to carbon monoxide, hydrogen, hydrogen sulfide, hydrocarbon, ammonia, water, nitrogen or its various combinations.In one embodiment, when extracting synthetic gas, can control permeable intravital temperature and pressure to reduce CO 2Discharging.
[92] the most common can being further processed of hydrocarbon products of reclaiming from constructed infrastructure of the present invention, for example by promote to a higher rank, concise etc.Coming autocorrelation to promote to a higher rank can separate in than the various structurizing sulphur encloses containers in the macrostructure impoundment dedicated encloses container with the sulphur of concise processing.Structurizing sulphur encloses container can be that exhausted constructed infrastructure or be exclusively used in after desulfurization is stored and separated purpose.
[93] similarly, remaining useless hydrocarbonaceous material can be used in cement and assemble in the production of product in constructed infrastructure, with structure that is used for infrastructure itself or the constructed infrastructure of stablizing or be used to form other places.Utilize this type of cement products of spent shale manufacturing can include but not limited to mixture with following compound: portland cement, calcium, volcanic ash, perlite, synthesis of nano carbon, sand, glass fibre, glass cullet, pitch, tar, adhesive resin, Mierocrystalline cellulose vegetable fibre etc.
[94] still in another embodiment of the present invention, injection, monitoring and produce with conduit or extract during outlet can be merged in any pattern in the constructed infrastructure or arrange.Below the structurizing capsule containment or the geotechnological rete of the monitoring well of outside and structure can be used to monitor that unwanted fluid and moisture move outside leakproof border and the constructed infrastructure.
[95] although the constructed infrastructure of filling and preparation can be heated usually immediately to reclaim hydrocarbon, this is optional.For example, the constructed infrastructure of having been built and be filled the hydrocarbonaceous material of extraction can be left on suitable position as proven reserve.This class formation does not allow to be subject to suffer because the blast that causes of terrorist's activity or destruction and the strategic reserves of undressed petroleum products can be provided, described petroleum products has classification and known characteristic, so that Economics Evaluation can be increased and be more measurable.Secular oil reserve often faces the quality problem of variation in time.Therefore, the present invention can choose wantonly and be used to long-term quality-guarantee and storage, decomposes and the misgivings of degraded aspect are reduced about hydrocarbon products.
[96] still in another aspect of this invention, high-quality product liquid can with more low-quality (for example lower API) hydrocarbon products fusion of viscosity.For example, the kerogen oil of producing from impoundment dedicated can form blended oil with the pitch fusion.Pitch can not and can have the API that is significantly higher than the kerogen oil viscosity and significantly is lower than kerogen oil by long pipe-line transportation usually under routine and piping standards that accept.The amount of fusion can noticeable change, and this depends on the concrete quality of pitch and kerogen oil.Yet as general principle, blended oil can be 5% to 95% kerogen oil, is about 10% to about 40% in some cases, is about 50% to 80% in other cases, and wherein the remainder of blended oil comprises pitch substantially.By fusion kerogen oil and pitch, blended oil can be become can be carried, and need not to use other thinner or other viscosity or API improving agent.The result is that blended oil can be pumped through piping does not need extra processing to remove thinner or to return these thinners by second pipeline.Routinely, pitch and thinner such as natural gas condensate or other lower molecular weight liquid mixing are to allow to be pumped to remote position.Thinner is removed and is got back to the pitch source by second pipeline by return.The present invention allows to eliminate and returns thinner and simultaneously pitch is promoted to a higher rank.
[97] should be appreciated that top mentioned layout is based on principle of the present invention and sets forth the application.Therefore, although the present invention is described in conjunction with illustrative embodiments of the present invention in the above, but it will be readily apparent to one skilled in the art that and to carry out numerous modifications and optional the layout, and do not deviate from as claimed in claim principle of the present invention and notion.

Claims (71)

1. method that reclaims hydrocarbon from hydrocarbonaceous material comprises:
A) form structurizing perviousness control infrastructure, it defines basic sealed volume;
B) hydrocarbonaceous material of pulverizing is introduced the permeable body that forms hydrocarbonaceous material in the described control infrastructure;
C) fully heat described permeable body therefrom to shift out hydrocarbon, make that in hydrocarbonaceous material described in the heat-processed be immobilized substantially; With
D) collect the hydrocarbon that is shifted out.
2. the described method of claim 1, wherein said structurizing perviousness control infrastructure is combined to form by the geotechnological cloth bag of clay, wilkinite, compacting weighting material, refractory cements, cement, synthetic geo-grid, glass fibre, reinforcing bar, nano-sized carbon, filling, fluoropolymer resin or its.
3. the described method of claim 1, wherein said control infrastructure directly contacts and forms with the wall that excavates the hydrocarbonaceous material mineral deposit.
4. the described method of claim 1, wherein said structurizing perviousness control infrastructure has permeable side walls, impervious substantially bottom and impervious substantially lid.
5. the described method of claim 1, wherein said structurizing perviousness control infrastructure has impervious substantially sidewall, impervious substantially bottom and impervious substantially lid.
6. the described method of claim 5, it further comprises at least one other excavation hydrocarbonaceous material mineral deposit, and the hydrocarbonaceous material of wherein said pulverizing is from the adjacent mineral deposit extraction of excavation hydrocarbonaceous material.
7. the described method of claim 5 wherein forms the step of controlling infrastructure and comprises that the excavator that utilizes lifting machine-suspension excavates the hydrocarbonaceous mineral deposit.
8. the described method of claim 1, wherein said control infrastructure is from supporting type.
9. the described method of claim 1, the hydrocarbonaceous material of wherein said extraction comprises resinous shale, tar sand, coal, brown coal, pitch, mud coal or its combination.
10. the described method of claim 9, the hydrocarbonaceous material of wherein said extraction comprises tar sand lower floor and resinous shale upper strata.
11. being moisture hydrocarbonaceous material and heating steps, the described method of claim 1, the hydrocarbonaceous material of wherein said extraction comprise:
A) fully heat described permeable body therefrom to remove water with the water vapour form;
B) from described sealed volume, remove described water vapour via steam outlet;
C) closing steam outlet at certain hour therefrom shifts out to prevent a large amount of hydrocarbon steam; With
D) fully heat described permeable body to shift out hydrocarbon.
12. the described method of claim 11, the wherein said time is to surpass the about 5% time of whole steams of removing via described steam outlet by volume when C6 or above hydrocarbon content.
13. comprising at least one, the described method of claim 11, wherein said steam outlet embed described permeable intravital perforated conduit.
14. the described method of claim 11, its further comprise from described water vapour, regain heat to provide at least a portion heat to be used to heat described permeable body.
15. the described method of claim 11, wherein said moisture hydrocarbonaceous material comprises tar sand.
16. the described method of claim 1, wherein said permeable body further comprises additive or biomass.
17. mainly being about 6 inches by mean size, the described method of claim 1, wherein said permeable body form to about 2 feet broken hydrocarbonaceous material.
18. the described method of claim 1, it further comprises with superincumbent stratum fully cover the lithostatic pressure of described permeable body produce to increase in described permeable body.
19. the described method of claim 1, the void space of wherein said permeable body be described permeable body cumulative volume about 10% to about 40%.
20. the described method of claim 1 further comprises from the step of the described hydrocarbonaceous material of remote location extraction that is different from described control infrastructure.
21. the described method of claim 1, wherein said heating steps comprise heated air is injected described control infrastructure, during by described permeable body, described permeable body mainly is heated by convection current with box lunch heated air.
22. the described method of claim 1, wherein said permeable body further comprise the conduit in the described permeable body of a plurality of embeddings, at least some described conduits are configured to heating duct.
23. the described method of claim 22, at least a portion in wherein a plurality of conduits is by the basic horizontal orientation.
Before 24. the described method of claim 22, the step of wherein said formation constructed infrastructure are included in and embed described conduit in the described permeable body, along the described conduit of the directed at least a portion of predetermined passage.
25. the described method of claim 22, wherein said heating duct is connected with heat source fluid, and further be included in the closed circuit circulation heating fluid through described heating duct, to be enough to prevent a large amount of mass transfers between described heating fluid and described permeable body.
26. the described method of claim 1, wherein said heating steps heats described permeable body full and uniformly in being enough to the temperature range of avoiding carbonic acid gas or nonhydrocarbon leaching product to form basically.
27. the described method of claim 26, wherein said temperature range are about 200 °F to about 900 °F.
28. the described method of claim 26 wherein reaches the required time of described temperature range and is about 2 thoughtful about 4 months.
29. the described method of claim 1, wherein said heating steps take place in time and in the temperature range that is enough to original position generation solvent, described solvent enhancing is shifted out hydrocarbon from described permeable body.
30. the described method of claim 1 is wherein introduced the hydrocarbonaceous material of described pulverizing in the described control infrastructure and is finished by the low compacting of described hydrocarbonaceous material is transported in the described infrastructure.
31. the described method of claim 1, wherein said heating is finished by resistive heating, fuel cell, Solid Oxide Fuel Cell, solar energy source, wind regime, wave source, hydrocarbon burning, underground heat, nuclear energy or its combination.
32. the described method of claim 31, wherein said heating are to finish by the hydrocarbon burning of fuel and oxygen under stoichiometric condition.
33. the described method of claim 31, wherein said heating is finished by a plurality of portable burners, and each portable burner is attached to and embeds described permeable intravital heating duct.
34. the described method of claim 1, it is introduced hydrogen donor agent in the described permeable body during further being included in described heating steps, and described hydrogen donor agent can the described hydrocarbon of hydrogenation.
35. the described method of claim 34, wherein said hydrogen donor agent is a Sweet natural gas, and the pressure and temperature condition is enough to cause the hydrocarbon product that the reformation of described hydrocarbon is promoted to a higher rank with generation.
36. the described method of claim 1 further is included in and collects the described hydrocarbon that shifts out in the second structurizing perviousness control infrastructure with formation liquid hydrocarbon body, and hydrogen donor agent is introduced in the described liquid hydrocarbon body, described hydrogen donor agent can be promoted to a higher rank to described hydrocarbon.
37. comprising from the lower region collection product liquid of described control infrastructure and from the upper area of described control infrastructure, the described method of claim 1, the step of the described hydrocarbon that shifts out of wherein said collection collect gaseous product.
38. the described method of claim 37 is wherein collected gaseous product and is further comprised in the gas collector that moves of described gaseous product importing near described control infrastructure.
39. the described method of claim 37, the meat that further comprises the described gaseous product that burns is to produce heat.
40. the described method of claim 37, wherein said product liquid is a kerogen oil, and further comprise the blended oil that described kerogen oil of fusion and the pitch that can not carry can be carried with formation, described blended oil does not contain extra thinner or viscosity modifier substantially.
41. the described method of claim 1 further is included in the described hydrocarbon of collection and afterwards selective solvent is injected described permeable body, described selective solvent is the solvent of one or more target substances.
42. the described method of claim 41, wherein said target substance comprises mineral substance, precious metal, hydrocarbon or sodium bicarbonate.
43. the described method of claim 1 further comprises from described permeable body recovery heat and with described heat and passing on to second permeable body.
44. the described method of claim 1 further is included in described heating and afterwards heat-transfer fluid is cycled through described permeable body to reclaim heat from described permeable body at least in part.
45. the described method of claim 44, wherein said heat-transfer fluid mainly is made up of water.
46. the described method of claim 1, the hydrocarbonaceous material of wherein said pulverizing are broken resinous shale, and described heating is carried out under time that is enough to form the liquid hydrocarbon product with API of about 30 to about 45 and temperature condition.
47. the described method of claim 1, what comprise further that gaseous state in the soil of monitoring around the described basic sealed volume or liquid substance enter this surrounding soil does not expect the step that exports.
48. structurizing perviousness control infrastructure, it comprises:
A) perviousness control impoundment dedicated, it defines basic sealed volume, and wherein said perviousness control impoundment dedicated is substantially free of the original state geo-logical terrain; With
B) be positioned at the hydrocarbonaceous material of the pulverizing of described sealed volume, the hydrocarbonaceous material of described pulverizing forms the permeable body of hydrocarbonaceous material.
49. the described infrastructure of claim 48, wherein said perviousness control impoundment dedicated comprises the sidewall of basic infiltration, impervious substantially lid and impervious substantially bottom.
50. the described infrastructure of claim 48, wherein said perviousness control impoundment dedicated comprises impervious substantially sidewall, impervious substantially lid and impervious substantially bottom.
51. claim 49 or 50 described infrastructure, wherein said impervious lid are the basic compacting weighting material tops that covers described permeable body, described compacting weighting material top is supported by described permeable body.
52. the described infrastructure of claim 48, wherein said perviousness control impoundment dedicated is combined to form by the geotechnological cloth bag of clay, wilkinite, compacting weighting material, refractory cements, cement, synthetic geo-grid, glass fibre, reinforcing bar, nano-sized carbon, filling, fluoropolymer resin or its.
53. the described infrastructure of claim 48, wherein said control infrastructure directly contacts and forms with the wall that excavates the hydrocarbonaceous material mineral deposit.
54. the described infrastructure of claim 48 further comprise at least one other excavation hydrocarbonaceous material mineral deposit, and the hydrocarbonaceous material of wherein said pulverizing is from adjacent hydrocarbonaceous material mineral deposit extraction.
55. the described infrastructure of claim 48, wherein said control infrastructure is from supporting type.
56. the described infrastructure of claim 48 further is included at least one inwall that segments described sealed volume in the described control infrastructure.
57. the described infrastructure of claim 48, compacting weighting material top covers described permeable body substantially, and described compacting weighting material top is supported by described permeable body substantially.
58. the described infrastructure of claim 48, the hydrocarbonaceous material of wherein said pulverizing comprise resinous shale, tar sand, coal, brown coal, pitch, mud coal or its combination.
59. the described infrastructure of claim 58, the hydrocarbonaceous material of wherein said pulverizing comprise tar sand lower floor and resinous shale upper strata.
60. the described infrastructure of claim 48, the hydrocarbonaceous material of wherein said pulverizing are moisture hydrocarbonaceous material, and described impoundment dedicated comprises the steam outlet that is used for removing from described sealed volume water vapour.
61. the described infrastructure of claim 60, wherein said steam outlet comprises steam release valve or perforated conduit.
62. the described infrastructure of claim 48, wherein said permeable body further comprises additive or biomass.
63. the described infrastructure of claim 48, the void space of wherein said permeable body be described permeable body cumulative volume 10% to about 40%.
64. the described infrastructure of claim 48 further comprises with described perviousness control impoundment dedicated can being operatively connected and being configured to heated air is led described permeable body with the gaseous state thermal source to its convective heating.
65. the described infrastructure of claim 48, it further comprises the described permeable intravital a plurality of conduits of embedding, and at least some in described a plurality of conduits are heating ducts.
66. the described infrastructure of claim 65, at least a portion in wherein said a plurality of conduits are essentially horizontally directed.
67. the described infrastructure of claim 48, it further comprises the thermal source that links to each other with described permeable body heat.
68. the described infrastructure of claim 67, wherein said thermal source comprise resistance heater, fuel cell, Solid Oxide Fuel Cell, solar heater, aerogenerator, hydrocarbon burning, underground heat or nuclear.
69. the described infrastructure of claim 67, wherein heating duct and described thermal source hot tie-in and be embedded in the described permeable body is to be formed on the closed heating system of not having mass transfer between the heating fluid in described permeable body and the described heating duct substantially.
70. the described infrastructure of claim 48, it further comprises and can be operatively connected to collect the mobile gas collection device of gaseous product from the upper area of described control infrastructure.
71. the described infrastructure of claim 48, it further comprises and can be operatively connected to collect the blowdown system of liquid hydrocarbon product from the lower region of described control infrastructure.
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CN104364350A (en) * 2012-06-13 2015-02-18 红叶资源公司 Access system for a pressure controlled environment
CN105492095A (en) * 2013-08-26 2016-04-13 红叶资源公司 Gas transport composite barrier
US10563130B2 (en) 2014-07-17 2020-02-18 Sabic Global Technologies B.V. Upgrading hydrogen deficient streams using hydrogen donor streams in a hydropyrolysis process

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US3617471A (en) * 1968-12-26 1971-11-02 Texaco Inc Hydrotorting of shale to produce shale oil
US4294563A (en) * 1979-04-09 1981-10-13 Occidental Oil Shale, Inc. Thermally insulated bulkhead for in situ oil shale retort
US4502920A (en) * 1983-01-14 1985-03-05 Edwards Engineering Corporation Apparatus for aboveground separation, vaporization and recovery of oil from oil shale

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN104364350A (en) * 2012-06-13 2015-02-18 红叶资源公司 Access system for a pressure controlled environment
CN105492095A (en) * 2013-08-26 2016-04-13 红叶资源公司 Gas transport composite barrier
CN105492095B (en) * 2013-08-26 2017-08-15 红叶资源公司 Gas transport compound barrier
US10036513B2 (en) 2013-08-26 2018-07-31 Red Leaf Resources, Inc. Gas transport composite barrier
US10563130B2 (en) 2014-07-17 2020-02-18 Sabic Global Technologies B.V. Upgrading hydrogen deficient streams using hydrogen donor streams in a hydropyrolysis process

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