Quick ideal condition quasi-synchronization paralleling method of hydro-generator
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of method of hydraulic generator quick ideal condition quasi-synchronization paralleling, belong to the technology of transmission of electricity field of sending out.
Background technology
Generator synchronous operation plays important effect to power plant and power system safety and stability side by side, and the condition of generator quasi-synchronization paralleling has three: 1. generator voltage frequency f
FWith the power system voltage frequency f
XDifference Δ f=f
F-f
X=0; 2. generator voltage amplitude V
FWith power system voltage amplitude V
XDifference Δ V=V
F-V
X=0; 3. generator voltage phase angle δ
FWith power system voltage phase angle δ
XDifference Δ δ=δ
F-δ
X=0.If can be at Δ f, Δ V, Δ δ three incorporate generator into electric power system under zero the situation, neither can impact to power equipments such as generator and transformers, can not impact to electric power system yet, and be safest.Therefore, Δ f, Δ V, Δ δ three are the zero ideal conditions that is called as the generator quasi-synchronization paralleling simultaneously.
Traditional automatic sub-synchronous device is made up of homogeneous control section, Pressure and Control part and combined floodgate control section, and automatic sub-synchronous device and speed regulator are two devices that separate.A speed regulator regulator generator electric voltage frequency f
FMake it and the power system voltage frequency f
XDifference Δ f=0, do not regulate generator voltage phase angle δ
FThis mode of operation is in case the generator voltage frequency f occurs
FWith the power system voltage frequency f
XDifference Δ f=0, and generator voltage phase angle δ
FWith power system voltage phase angle δ
XThe non-vanishing situation of difference Δ δ, just can not be arranged side by side.In order to make generator o'clock incorporate electric power system in Δ δ=0, traditional automatic presynchronization mode arranged side by side, can not make Δ f is zero.For this reason, in traditional automatic sub-synchronous device, when Δ f near zero the time, send out a speedup pulse automatically, make the generator speedup, so that Δ f is non-vanishing.
In traditional automatic sub-synchronous device, be to incorporate electric power system at 0 o'clock in order to make the generating function at phase angle difference Δ δ, used " constant echizen time quasi-synchronization paralleling pattern ".The principle of this pattern is such: at first, think that automatic sub-synchronous device sends after the order of closing a floodgate, the rotating speed of generator is constant; Secondly, think the closing time t of generator circuit breaker
hIt also is a constant constant; Under the prerequisite of these two " constant ", be provided with one " constant echizen time link " in the automatic sub-synchronous device, this link generates a time constant, preceding more Δ δ=0, is referred to as " constant echizen time ", uses t
YqExpression.
In traditional automatic presynchronization dress, allow constant echizen time t
YqThe closing time t of=generator circuit breaker
hNot hard to imagine, if above two " constant " are set up, will be made generator o'clock incorporate electric power system in Δ δ=0.But, more than be a kind of imagination.In fact, because the relation of the performance of speed regulator is sent after the order of closing a floodgate, the rotating speed of generator is vicissitudinous; Since the relation of breaker closing performance, the closing time t of circuit breaker when at every turn closing a floodgate
hNeither be constant; That is to say, do not accomplish in Δ δ=0 o'clock to make generator incorporate electric power system at all.
That is to say, traditional automatic presynchronization mode arranged side by side, can not guarantee that generator incorporates electric power system into when Δ f=0, can not guarantee that generator o'clock incorporates electric power system in Δ δ=0, can not guarantee that more generator incorporates electric power system into when Δ f and Δ δ are zero simultaneously.
Traditional automatic sub-synchronous device adopts so-called " constant echizen time automatic presynchronization constellation " arranged side by side, and its control principle is: 1. generator voltage amplitude V is partly controlled in Pressure and Control
FWith power system voltage amplitude V
XDifference Δ V=0; The frequency f of homogeneous control section control generator voltage
FFrequency f near power system voltage
X, but can not make f
F=f
X, allow both keep certain difference; 2. at f
F≈ f
XThe time, automatic sub-synchronous device shifts to an earlier date Δ δ=0 one a preceding more time t
YqSend the order of closing a floodgate to generator circuit breaker, and will allow t
YqEqual the closing time t of generator circuit breaker
hThat is to say, traditional automatic presynchronization paralleling method can only guarantee that generator voltage equates with the amplitude of power system voltage, frequency is close, and phase angle difference Δ δ can not regulate, and Δ δ=0th is by speed regulator regulator generator rotating speed and by the automatic sub-synchronous device preceding more time t that adjusts
Yq, make t
Yq=t
hRealize.This paralleling method can not guarantee that generator incorporates electric power system on the operation principle when Δ f=0, can not guarantee that generator o'clock incorporates electric power system in Δ δ=0, can not guarantee that more generator incorporates electric power system into when Δ f and Δ δ are zero simultaneously.
In a word, traditional automatic presynchronization paralleling method just can not make generator incorporate electric power system under the condition the accurate same period in ideal on principle.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of quick ideal condition quasi-synchronization paralleling method of hydro-generator.
The alleged problem of the present invention realizes with following technical proposals:
A kind of quick ideal condition quasi-synchronization paralleling method of hydro-generator, it comes the amplitude V of regulator generator voltage by the exciting current of regulator generator
F, make it amplitude V with power system voltage
XEquate; Frequency f by generating set speed regulator regulator generator voltage
F, make it frequency f with power system voltage
XEquate; Then according to the size of the phase angle difference Δ δ between generator voltage and the power system voltage, on the signal of the frequency difference PID control output in the generating set speed regulator, the speedup angle-modulated signal or the deceleration angle-modulated signal of stack respective strengths, adjust the phase angle extent, until making it is zero, last closed generator circuit breaker makes generator incorporate electric power system into apace under desirable quasi-synchronization paralleling condition.
Above-mentioned quick ideal condition quasi-synchronization paralleling method of hydro-generator, it may further comprise the steps:
A, send out the field regulator that generator is given in the pressure regulation order, the exciting current of regulator generator makes the amplitude V of generator voltage
FAmplitude V with power system voltage
XEquate; The frequency f of regulator generator voltage
F, make it frequency f with power system voltage
XEquate.
Phase angle difference between b, elimination generator voltage and the power system voltage:
Measure the phase angle difference Δ δ of generator voltage and power system voltage, the span of Δ δ be [0,2 π); If Δ δ is positioned at (π, 2 π) interval is sent out a speedup angle-modulated signal and is acted on speed regulator, add the speedup angle-modulated signal intensity be k| Δ δ-2 π |, duration is a sampling period (50ms), and be 5 sampling periods (250ms) blanking time between two adjacent speedup angle-modulated signals.If Δ δ is positioned at (0, π] interval, then to send out the deceleration angle-modulated signal and act on speed regulator, the intensity of institute's acceleration and deceleration angle-modulated signal is k Δ δ, duration is a sampling period (50ms), and be 5 sampling periods (250ms) blanking time between two adjacent deceleration angle-modulated signals.The size of above k depends on the governor control characteristics of hydraulic generator unit.The setting method of k is: the initial value of k is chosen as 0.1; In the adjustment process of Δ δ,, reduce the k value near zero point if Δ δ vibrates; If Δ δ away from the interval of Δ δ=0 (

Or
) time of stopping is longer, surpasses 2 seconds, increases the k value; The initial value of k and correction thereof, relevant with the generating set governor control characteristics away from the angle of Δ δ=0 are adjusted according to the generating set governor control characteristics.
Repeating said process, is zero until the phase angle difference Δ δ of generator voltage and power system voltage;
C, closed generator circuit breaker make generator incorporate electric power system into.
Above-mentioned quick ideal condition quasi-synchronization paralleling method of hydro-generator, the described method of generating set speed regulator regulator generator electric voltage frequency of utilizing is:
Measure the difference on the frequency Δ f and the hydraulic turbine servomotor displacement signal y of generator voltage and power system voltage.To measure gained Δ f input frequency difference PID control, generate new servomotor displacement signal by frequency difference PID control then:
Wherein, k
p, k
i, k
dBe constant, τ express time (k
p, k
i, k
dSetting method a lot, the various engineering setting methods in the process control all can use common span: 0.1<k at this
p<5,0.01<k
i<1,0<k
d<0.5), this signal subtracts each other the back with the servomotor displacement signal y that measures gained and forms servomotor displacement increment signal delta y, passes through k again
1Δ y converts Δ y to the drive signal (k of stepping motor
1Size depend on the characteristic of stepping motor and driver thereof, Δ y is gone to zero with fast speeds, and do not cause vibration), control step motor and Hydrawlic Slave System thereof, adjusting enters the discharge of the hydraulic turbine, and then the frequency of change generator voltage, make it to equate with the frequency of power system voltage.
Above-mentioned quick ideal condition quasi-synchronization paralleling method of hydro-generator, the frequency of described generator voltage equate with the power system voltage frequency to be meant that the difference on the frequency Δ f of generator voltage and power system voltage is less than its zero setting value Δ f
Zd, and the difference on the frequency rate of change
Less than its zero setting value
Wherein, Δ f
ZdWith
Size determine according to the governor control characteristics of hydraulic generator unit.
The present invention not only can arrive with amplitude and the frequency of power system voltage consistent with frequency adjustment the amplitude of generator voltage, and can be by importing batch (-type) speedup angle-modulated signal or deceleration angle-modulated signal to the generating set speed regulator, arrive the phase adjusted of generator voltage consistent with the phase place of power system voltage, make difference in magnitude, difference on the frequency and phase angle difference between generator voltage and the power system voltage be zero and remain unchanged, guarantee that generator incorporates electric power system under the condition in ideal apace the accurate same period.Because this synchronization paralleling method adopts speedup and the two kinds of angle-modulated signals that slow down are regulated phase angle difference, makes each phase angle regulated quantity all be less than or equal to π, reduced phase angle and adjusted the required time.Compare with traditional constant echizen time automatic presynchronization paralleling method, the present invention can be fast, incorporate generator into electric power system safely and reliably, neither can impact to power equipments such as generator and transformers, can not impact yet, significant role be arranged guaranteeing the operation of generator and power system safety and stability to electric power system.
Description of drawings
The invention will be further described below in conjunction with accompanying drawing.
Fig. 1 is a theory diagram of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is a PLC internal algorithm block diagram among Fig. 1.
Each symbol is in the literary composition: f
F-generator voltage frequency, f
X-power system voltage frequency, the difference on the frequency of Δ f-generator and power system voltage, V
F-generator voltage amplitude, V
X-power system voltage amplitude, the difference in magnitude of Δ V-generator voltage and power system voltage, δ
F-generator voltage phase angle, δ
X-power system voltage phase angle, the phase angle difference of Δ δ-generator voltage and power system voltage, t
Yq-preceding more the time, t
h-breaker closing the time, Δ f
Zd-zero-frequency rate variance setting value,
-zero-frequency rate variance rate of change setting value, y-hydraulic turbine servomotor displacement signal, Δ y-servomotor displacement increment signal.
Embodiment
In implementation process of the present invention, phase angle difference Δ δ, difference on the frequency Δ f, difference in magnitude Δ V are measured by special measurement device.This has been a mature technique, and China Patent No.: ZL95201221.9 discloses a kind of full digital generating set speed regulator, has just used these measurement mechanisms in this speed regulator.These measurement mechanisms (appliance applications, 2005 the 24th the 9th phases of volume) in " development of the automatic presynchronization grid-connecting apparatus of two microcomputer collaborative works " of Guo Moufa, Yang Gengjie also have narration.
Referring to Fig. 1, Fig. 2, the same with traditional automatic presynchronization method, the present invention sends out the field regulator that the pressure regulation signal is given generator, the exciting current of regulator generator, and then the amplitude V of regulator generator voltage
F, make it amplitude V with power system voltage
XEquate, even Δ V=0.Simultaneously, the present invention utilizes the speed regulator of generating set to regulate the displacement of hydraulic turbine servomotor, regulates the discharge that enters the hydraulic turbine, and then regulates the rotating speed of the hydraulic turbine and the frequency of generator voltage.The present invention's alleged " quick ideal condition quasi-synchronization paralleling method of hydro-generator " is and the speed regulator common hardware its theory diagram such as Fig. 1.The target of different with traditional automatic presynchronization method is regulator generator electric voltage frequency of the present invention is that the generator voltage frequency is equated with the power system voltage frequency.
Difference on the frequency Δ f, difference in magnitude Δ V, phase angle difference Δ δ and the hydraulic turbine servomotor displacement signal y of difference on the frequency, difference in magnitude, phase angle difference measurement mechanism and displacement transducer output are sent into programmable logic controller (PLC) (PLC).In PLC, generate the servomotor displacement control signal according to difference on the frequency Δ f
The servomotor displacement signal y of this signal and displacement sensing output subtracts each other the back and forms servomotor displacement increment signal delta y, passes through k again
1Δ y converts Δ y the drive signal of stepping motor to, and control step motor and Hydrawlic Slave System thereof are regulated the discharge that enters the hydraulic turbine, and then changes the frequency of generator speed and generator voltage, makes it to equate with the frequency of power system voltage.In order to make FREQUENCY CONTROL accurate more, sensitive, stable, the present invention adopts " digital electric hydraulic water wheels speed regulator " control device as rotating speed and phase angle.
Consider numerically controlled characteristics, when Δ f less than Δ f
ZdThe time think that the frequency of generator voltage equates with the frequency of power system voltage, the difference on the frequency rate of change less than
The time, think that promptly the fluctuating range of difference on the frequency is zero substantially, promptly the frequency of generator voltage equates with the frequency of power system voltage and no longer changes.Generate speedup angle-modulated signal/deceleration angle-modulated signal by PLC this moment, and behind the signal plus with this signal and frequency difference PID control output, control step motor and Hydrawlic Slave System thereof are regulated the discharge that enters the hydraulic turbine, change the rotating speed of generating set, make phase angle difference Δ δ=0.
The duration of speedup angle-modulated signal is a sampling period (50ms); Adjacent two speedup angle-modulated signals be spaced apart 5 sampling periods.The duration of deceleration angle-modulated signal also is a sampling period (50ms); Adjacent two deceleration angle-modulated signals be spaced apart 5 sampling periods.At speedup (deceleration) angle-modulated signal in the duration, the frequency height (low) of generator voltage is in the frequency of power system voltage, phase angle difference Δ δ is dwindled, and after speedup (deceleration) angle-modulated signal finished, the frequency of the generator voltage frequency with power system voltage again was consistent.If after adjusting through a speedup (deceleration) angle-modulated signal, phase angle difference Δ δ is not 0 still, once adjust again after being spaced apart 5 sampling periods, be 0 until phase angle difference.
When difference on the frequency Δ f, difference in magnitude Δ V, phase angle difference Δ δ were zero, PLC sent reclosing command, makes the generator circuit breaker closure, incorporates generator into electric power system.
Need to prove, when the phase angle difference Δ δ of generator voltage that measurement mechanism is measured and power system voltage not [0~2 π) in the scope time, then need adjust (n is a natural number) by adding or deduct 2n π, make it to be in [0~2 π) in the interval.