CN101645607B - Quick ideal condition quasi-synchronization paralleling method of hydro-generator - Google Patents

Quick ideal condition quasi-synchronization paralleling method of hydro-generator Download PDF

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CN101645607B
CN101645607B CN2009100753857A CN200910075385A CN101645607B CN 101645607 B CN101645607 B CN 101645607B CN 2009100753857 A CN2009100753857 A CN 2009100753857A CN 200910075385 A CN200910075385 A CN 200910075385A CN 101645607 B CN101645607 B CN 101645607B
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generator
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frequency
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CN101645607A (en
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王印松
刘观起
商国才
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North China Electric Power University
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Abstract

一种水轮发电机快速理想条件准同期并列方法,用于解决发电机并网速度与安全问题。其技术方案是:它通过调节发电机的励磁电流来调节发电机电压的幅值,使之与电力系统电压的幅值相等,利用发电机组调速器调节发电机电压的频率,使之与电力系统电压的频率相等,然后根据发电机电压与电力系统电压之间的相角差的大小,在发电机组调速器中频差PID控制输出的信号上,叠加相应强度的增速调角信号或减速调角信号,调整相角差的大小,直至使相角差Δδ为零,最后闭合发电机断路器,使发电机快速地在理想并列条件下并入电力系统。本发明能快速、安全地将发电机并入电力系统,且不会对发电机和电力设备、电力系统造成冲击。

Figure 200910075385

A method for quasi-synchronous paralleling of hydro-generators under rapid ideal conditions is used to solve the problems of speed and safety of generators connected to the grid. Its technical solution is: it adjusts the amplitude of the generator voltage by adjusting the excitation current of the generator to make it equal to the amplitude of the power system voltage, and uses the generator set governor to adjust the frequency of the generator voltage to make it equal to the power system voltage. The frequency of the system voltage is equal, and then according to the magnitude of the phase angle difference between the generator voltage and the power system voltage, on the signal output by the frequency difference PID control of the generator set governor, superimpose the corresponding intensity of the speed-up angle adjustment signal or deceleration Adjust the angle signal to adjust the size of the phase angle difference until the phase angle difference Δδ is zero, and finally close the generator circuit breaker, so that the generator can be quickly integrated into the power system under ideal parallel conditions. The invention can quickly and safely integrate the generator into the power system without impacting the generator, power equipment and power system.

Figure 200910075385

Description

Quick ideal condition quasi-synchronization paralleling method of hydro-generator
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of method of hydraulic generator quick ideal condition quasi-synchronization paralleling, belong to the technology of transmission of electricity field of sending out.
Background technology
Generator synchronous operation plays important effect to power plant and power system safety and stability side by side, and the condition of generator quasi-synchronization paralleling has three: 1. generator voltage frequency f FWith the power system voltage frequency f XDifference Δ f=f F-f X=0; 2. generator voltage amplitude V FWith power system voltage amplitude V XDifference Δ V=V F-V X=0; 3. generator voltage phase angle δ FWith power system voltage phase angle δ XDifference Δ δ=δ FX=0.If can be at Δ f, Δ V, Δ δ three incorporate generator into electric power system under zero the situation, neither can impact to power equipments such as generator and transformers, can not impact to electric power system yet, and be safest.Therefore, Δ f, Δ V, Δ δ three are the zero ideal conditions that is called as the generator quasi-synchronization paralleling simultaneously.
Traditional automatic sub-synchronous device is made up of homogeneous control section, Pressure and Control part and combined floodgate control section, and automatic sub-synchronous device and speed regulator are two devices that separate.A speed regulator regulator generator electric voltage frequency f FMake it and the power system voltage frequency f XDifference Δ f=0, do not regulate generator voltage phase angle δ FThis mode of operation is in case the generator voltage frequency f occurs FWith the power system voltage frequency f XDifference Δ f=0, and generator voltage phase angle δ FWith power system voltage phase angle δ XThe non-vanishing situation of difference Δ δ, just can not be arranged side by side.In order to make generator o'clock incorporate electric power system in Δ δ=0, traditional automatic presynchronization mode arranged side by side, can not make Δ f is zero.For this reason, in traditional automatic sub-synchronous device, when Δ f near zero the time, send out a speedup pulse automatically, make the generator speedup, so that Δ f is non-vanishing.
In traditional automatic sub-synchronous device, be to incorporate electric power system at 0 o'clock in order to make the generating function at phase angle difference Δ δ, used " constant echizen time quasi-synchronization paralleling pattern ".The principle of this pattern is such: at first, think that automatic sub-synchronous device sends after the order of closing a floodgate, the rotating speed of generator is constant; Secondly, think the closing time t of generator circuit breaker hIt also is a constant constant; Under the prerequisite of these two " constant ", be provided with one " constant echizen time link " in the automatic sub-synchronous device, this link generates a time constant, preceding more Δ δ=0, is referred to as " constant echizen time ", uses t YqExpression.
In traditional automatic presynchronization dress, allow constant echizen time t YqThe closing time t of=generator circuit breaker hNot hard to imagine, if above two " constant " are set up, will be made generator o'clock incorporate electric power system in Δ δ=0.But, more than be a kind of imagination.In fact, because the relation of the performance of speed regulator is sent after the order of closing a floodgate, the rotating speed of generator is vicissitudinous; Since the relation of breaker closing performance, the closing time t of circuit breaker when at every turn closing a floodgate hNeither be constant; That is to say, do not accomplish in Δ δ=0 o'clock to make generator incorporate electric power system at all.
That is to say, traditional automatic presynchronization mode arranged side by side, can not guarantee that generator incorporates electric power system into when Δ f=0, can not guarantee that generator o'clock incorporates electric power system in Δ δ=0, can not guarantee that more generator incorporates electric power system into when Δ f and Δ δ are zero simultaneously.
Traditional automatic sub-synchronous device adopts so-called " constant echizen time automatic presynchronization constellation " arranged side by side, and its control principle is: 1. generator voltage amplitude V is partly controlled in Pressure and Control FWith power system voltage amplitude V XDifference Δ V=0; The frequency f of homogeneous control section control generator voltage FFrequency f near power system voltage X, but can not make f F=f X, allow both keep certain difference; 2. at f F≈ f XThe time, automatic sub-synchronous device shifts to an earlier date Δ δ=0 one a preceding more time t YqSend the order of closing a floodgate to generator circuit breaker, and will allow t YqEqual the closing time t of generator circuit breaker hThat is to say, traditional automatic presynchronization paralleling method can only guarantee that generator voltage equates with the amplitude of power system voltage, frequency is close, and phase angle difference Δ δ can not regulate, and Δ δ=0th is by speed regulator regulator generator rotating speed and by the automatic sub-synchronous device preceding more time t that adjusts Yq, make t Yq=t hRealize.This paralleling method can not guarantee that generator incorporates electric power system on the operation principle when Δ f=0, can not guarantee that generator o'clock incorporates electric power system in Δ δ=0, can not guarantee that more generator incorporates electric power system into when Δ f and Δ δ are zero simultaneously.
In a word, traditional automatic presynchronization paralleling method just can not make generator incorporate electric power system under the condition the accurate same period in ideal on principle.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of quick ideal condition quasi-synchronization paralleling method of hydro-generator.
The alleged problem of the present invention realizes with following technical proposals:
A kind of quick ideal condition quasi-synchronization paralleling method of hydro-generator, it comes the amplitude V of regulator generator voltage by the exciting current of regulator generator F, make it amplitude V with power system voltage XEquate; Frequency f by generating set speed regulator regulator generator voltage F, make it frequency f with power system voltage XEquate; Then according to the size of the phase angle difference Δ δ between generator voltage and the power system voltage, on the signal of the frequency difference PID control output in the generating set speed regulator, the speedup angle-modulated signal or the deceleration angle-modulated signal of stack respective strengths, adjust the phase angle extent, until making it is zero, last closed generator circuit breaker makes generator incorporate electric power system into apace under desirable quasi-synchronization paralleling condition.
Above-mentioned quick ideal condition quasi-synchronization paralleling method of hydro-generator, it may further comprise the steps:
A, send out the field regulator that generator is given in the pressure regulation order, the exciting current of regulator generator makes the amplitude V of generator voltage FAmplitude V with power system voltage XEquate; The frequency f of regulator generator voltage F, make it frequency f with power system voltage XEquate.
Phase angle difference between b, elimination generator voltage and the power system voltage:
Measure the phase angle difference Δ δ of generator voltage and power system voltage, the span of Δ δ be [0,2 π); If Δ δ is positioned at (π, 2 π) interval is sent out a speedup angle-modulated signal and is acted on speed regulator, add the speedup angle-modulated signal intensity be k| Δ δ-2 π |, duration is a sampling period (50ms), and be 5 sampling periods (250ms) blanking time between two adjacent speedup angle-modulated signals.If Δ δ is positioned at (0, π] interval, then to send out the deceleration angle-modulated signal and act on speed regulator, the intensity of institute's acceleration and deceleration angle-modulated signal is k Δ δ, duration is a sampling period (50ms), and be 5 sampling periods (250ms) blanking time between two adjacent deceleration angle-modulated signals.The size of above k depends on the governor control characteristics of hydraulic generator unit.The setting method of k is: the initial value of k is chosen as 0.1; In the adjustment process of Δ δ,, reduce the k value near zero point if Δ δ vibrates; If Δ δ away from the interval of Δ δ=0 (
Figure DEST_PATH_GSB00000567772700011
Or ) time of stopping is longer, surpasses 2 seconds, increases the k value; The initial value of k and correction thereof, relevant with the generating set governor control characteristics away from the angle of Δ δ=0 are adjusted according to the generating set governor control characteristics.
Repeating said process, is zero until the phase angle difference Δ δ of generator voltage and power system voltage;
C, closed generator circuit breaker make generator incorporate electric power system into.
Above-mentioned quick ideal condition quasi-synchronization paralleling method of hydro-generator, the described method of generating set speed regulator regulator generator electric voltage frequency of utilizing is:
Measure the difference on the frequency Δ f and the hydraulic turbine servomotor displacement signal y of generator voltage and power system voltage.To measure gained Δ f input frequency difference PID control, generate new servomotor displacement signal by frequency difference PID control then:
Figure DEST_PATH_GSB00000567772700013
Wherein, k p, k i, k dBe constant, τ express time (k p, k i, k dSetting method a lot, the various engineering setting methods in the process control all can use common span: 0.1<k at this p<5,0.01<k i<1,0<k d<0.5), this signal subtracts each other the back with the servomotor displacement signal y that measures gained and forms servomotor displacement increment signal delta y, passes through k again 1Δ y converts Δ y to the drive signal (k of stepping motor 1Size depend on the characteristic of stepping motor and driver thereof, Δ y is gone to zero with fast speeds, and do not cause vibration), control step motor and Hydrawlic Slave System thereof, adjusting enters the discharge of the hydraulic turbine, and then the frequency of change generator voltage, make it to equate with the frequency of power system voltage.
Above-mentioned quick ideal condition quasi-synchronization paralleling method of hydro-generator, the frequency of described generator voltage equate with the power system voltage frequency to be meant that the difference on the frequency Δ f of generator voltage and power system voltage is less than its zero setting value Δ f Zd, and the difference on the frequency rate of change
Figure G2009100753857D00041
Less than its zero setting value
Figure G2009100753857D00042
Wherein, Δ f ZdWith
Figure G2009100753857D00043
Size determine according to the governor control characteristics of hydraulic generator unit.
The present invention not only can arrive with amplitude and the frequency of power system voltage consistent with frequency adjustment the amplitude of generator voltage, and can be by importing batch (-type) speedup angle-modulated signal or deceleration angle-modulated signal to the generating set speed regulator, arrive the phase adjusted of generator voltage consistent with the phase place of power system voltage, make difference in magnitude, difference on the frequency and phase angle difference between generator voltage and the power system voltage be zero and remain unchanged, guarantee that generator incorporates electric power system under the condition in ideal apace the accurate same period.Because this synchronization paralleling method adopts speedup and the two kinds of angle-modulated signals that slow down are regulated phase angle difference, makes each phase angle regulated quantity all be less than or equal to π, reduced phase angle and adjusted the required time.Compare with traditional constant echizen time automatic presynchronization paralleling method, the present invention can be fast, incorporate generator into electric power system safely and reliably, neither can impact to power equipments such as generator and transformers, can not impact yet, significant role be arranged guaranteeing the operation of generator and power system safety and stability to electric power system.
Description of drawings
The invention will be further described below in conjunction with accompanying drawing.
Fig. 1 is a theory diagram of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is a PLC internal algorithm block diagram among Fig. 1.
Each symbol is in the literary composition: f F-generator voltage frequency, f X-power system voltage frequency, the difference on the frequency of Δ f-generator and power system voltage, V F-generator voltage amplitude, V X-power system voltage amplitude, the difference in magnitude of Δ V-generator voltage and power system voltage, δ F-generator voltage phase angle, δ X-power system voltage phase angle, the phase angle difference of Δ δ-generator voltage and power system voltage, t Yq-preceding more the time, t h-breaker closing the time, Δ f Zd-zero-frequency rate variance setting value,
Figure DEST_PATH_GSB00000567772700021
-zero-frequency rate variance rate of change setting value, y-hydraulic turbine servomotor displacement signal, Δ y-servomotor displacement increment signal.
Embodiment
In implementation process of the present invention, phase angle difference Δ δ, difference on the frequency Δ f, difference in magnitude Δ V are measured by special measurement device.This has been a mature technique, and China Patent No.: ZL95201221.9 discloses a kind of full digital generating set speed regulator, has just used these measurement mechanisms in this speed regulator.These measurement mechanisms (appliance applications, 2005 the 24th the 9th phases of volume) in " development of the automatic presynchronization grid-connecting apparatus of two microcomputer collaborative works " of Guo Moufa, Yang Gengjie also have narration.
Referring to Fig. 1, Fig. 2, the same with traditional automatic presynchronization method, the present invention sends out the field regulator that the pressure regulation signal is given generator, the exciting current of regulator generator, and then the amplitude V of regulator generator voltage F, make it amplitude V with power system voltage XEquate, even Δ V=0.Simultaneously, the present invention utilizes the speed regulator of generating set to regulate the displacement of hydraulic turbine servomotor, regulates the discharge that enters the hydraulic turbine, and then regulates the rotating speed of the hydraulic turbine and the frequency of generator voltage.The present invention's alleged " quick ideal condition quasi-synchronization paralleling method of hydro-generator " is and the speed regulator common hardware its theory diagram such as Fig. 1.The target of different with traditional automatic presynchronization method is regulator generator electric voltage frequency of the present invention is that the generator voltage frequency is equated with the power system voltage frequency.
Difference on the frequency Δ f, difference in magnitude Δ V, phase angle difference Δ δ and the hydraulic turbine servomotor displacement signal y of difference on the frequency, difference in magnitude, phase angle difference measurement mechanism and displacement transducer output are sent into programmable logic controller (PLC) (PLC).In PLC, generate the servomotor displacement control signal according to difference on the frequency Δ f
Figure DEST_PATH_GSB00000567772700022
The servomotor displacement signal y of this signal and displacement sensing output subtracts each other the back and forms servomotor displacement increment signal delta y, passes through k again 1Δ y converts Δ y the drive signal of stepping motor to, and control step motor and Hydrawlic Slave System thereof are regulated the discharge that enters the hydraulic turbine, and then changes the frequency of generator speed and generator voltage, makes it to equate with the frequency of power system voltage.In order to make FREQUENCY CONTROL accurate more, sensitive, stable, the present invention adopts " digital electric hydraulic water wheels speed regulator " control device as rotating speed and phase angle.
Consider numerically controlled characteristics, when Δ f less than Δ f ZdThe time think that the frequency of generator voltage equates with the frequency of power system voltage, the difference on the frequency rate of change less than
Figure DEST_PATH_GSB00000567772700023
The time, think that promptly the fluctuating range of difference on the frequency is zero substantially, promptly the frequency of generator voltage equates with the frequency of power system voltage and no longer changes.Generate speedup angle-modulated signal/deceleration angle-modulated signal by PLC this moment, and behind the signal plus with this signal and frequency difference PID control output, control step motor and Hydrawlic Slave System thereof are regulated the discharge that enters the hydraulic turbine, change the rotating speed of generating set, make phase angle difference Δ δ=0.
The duration of speedup angle-modulated signal is a sampling period (50ms); Adjacent two speedup angle-modulated signals be spaced apart 5 sampling periods.The duration of deceleration angle-modulated signal also is a sampling period (50ms); Adjacent two deceleration angle-modulated signals be spaced apart 5 sampling periods.At speedup (deceleration) angle-modulated signal in the duration, the frequency height (low) of generator voltage is in the frequency of power system voltage, phase angle difference Δ δ is dwindled, and after speedup (deceleration) angle-modulated signal finished, the frequency of the generator voltage frequency with power system voltage again was consistent.If after adjusting through a speedup (deceleration) angle-modulated signal, phase angle difference Δ δ is not 0 still, once adjust again after being spaced apart 5 sampling periods, be 0 until phase angle difference.
When difference on the frequency Δ f, difference in magnitude Δ V, phase angle difference Δ δ were zero, PLC sent reclosing command, makes the generator circuit breaker closure, incorporates generator into electric power system.
Need to prove, when the phase angle difference Δ δ of generator voltage that measurement mechanism is measured and power system voltage not [0~2 π) in the scope time, then need adjust (n is a natural number) by adding or deduct 2n π, make it to be in [0~2 π) in the interval.

Claims (4)

1.一种水轮发电机快速理想条件准同期并列方法,其特征是,它通过发电机励磁调节器调节发电机的励磁电流来调节发电机电压的幅值VF,使之与电力系统电压的幅值VX相等,通过发电机组调速器调节发电机电压的频率fF,使之与电力系统电压的频率fX相等;然后根据发电机电压与电力系统电压之间的相角差Δδ的大小,在发电机组调速器中的频差PID控制输出的信号上,叠加相应强度的增速调角信号或减速调角信号,调整相角差的大小,直至使相角差Δδ为零,最后由调速器的可编程逻辑控制器PLC发出闭合发电机断路器的命令,使发电机并入电力系统。 1. A method for quasi-synchronous paralleling of hydraulic generators under fast ideal conditions, characterized in that it regulates the amplitude V F of the generator voltage by adjusting the excitation current of the generator through the generator excitation regulator, so that it is consistent with the power system voltage The amplitude V X of the generator set is equal, and the frequency f F of the generator voltage is adjusted through the governor of the generator set to make it equal to the frequency f X of the power system voltage; then according to the phase angle difference Δδ between the generator voltage and the power system voltage On the signal output by the frequency difference PID control in the governor of the generator set, superimpose the speed-up angle adjustment signal or deceleration angle-adjustment signal of the corresponding intensity, and adjust the size of the phase angle difference until the phase angle difference Δδ is zero , and finally the programmable logic controller PLC of the speed governor issues a command to close the generator circuit breaker, so that the generator is integrated into the power system. 2.根据权利要求1所述水轮发电机快速理想条件准同期并列方法,其特征是,它按如下步骤进行: 2. according to the fast ideal condition quasi-synchronous parallel method of the described hydroelectric generator of claim 1, it is characterized in that, it is carried out as follows: a、利用发电机的励磁调节器调节发电机的励磁电流,使发电机电压的幅值VF与电力系统电压的幅值VX相等,并利用发电机组调速器调节发电机电压的频率fF,使之与电力系统电压的频率fX相等; a. Use the excitation regulator of the generator to adjust the excitation current of the generator, so that the amplitude V F of the generator voltage is equal to the amplitude V X of the power system voltage, and use the generator set governor to adjust the frequency f of the generator voltage F , making it equal to the frequency f X of the power system voltage; b、消除发电机电压与电力系统电压之间的相角差: b. Eliminate the phase angle difference between the generator voltage and the power system voltage: 测量发电机电压与电力系统电压的相角差Δδ,Δδ的取值范围为[0~2π);若Δδ位于(π,2π)区间,在发电机组调速器中的频差PID控制输出的信号上叠加一个持续时间一定的增速调角信号,所述增速调角信号的强度为k·|Δδ-2π|;若Δδ位于(0,π]区间,则在发电机组调速器中的频差PID控制输出的信号上叠加一个持续时间一定的减速调角信号,所述减速调角信号的强度为k·Δδ,其中,k的大小依水轮发电机组的调速特性确定;k的整定方法是:k的初始值选为0.1;在Δδ的调节过程中,如果Δδ在零点附近振荡,减小k值;如果Δδ在远离Δδ=0的区间(
Figure F2009100753857C00011
Figure F2009100753857C00012
)停留的时间较长,超过2秒,增加k值;重复上述过程,直至发电机电压与电力系统电压的相角差Δδ为零;
Measure the phase angle difference Δδ between the generator voltage and the power system voltage, and the value range of Δδ is [0~2π); if Δδ is in the interval (π, 2π), the frequency difference PID control output in the generator set governor A speed-up angle-adjustment signal with a certain duration is superimposed on the signal, and the strength of the speed-up angle-adjustment signal is k |Δδ-2π|; if Δδ is in the interval (0, π], then in the generator set governor The frequency difference PID control output signal superimposes a deceleration angle adjustment signal with a certain duration, and the strength of the deceleration angle adjustment signal is k·Δδ, wherein, the size of k is determined according to the speed regulation characteristics of the hydroelectric generator set; k The tuning method is: the initial value of k is selected as 0.1; during the adjustment process of Δδ, if Δδ oscillates near zero, reduce the value of k; if Δδ is far away from Δδ=0 (
Figure F2009100753857C00011
or
Figure F2009100753857C00012
) stay longer than 2 seconds, increase the k value; repeat the above process until the phase angle difference Δδ between the generator voltage and the power system voltage is zero;
c、闭合发电机断路器,使发电机并入电力系统。  c. Close the generator circuit breaker to integrate the generator into the power system. the
3.根据权利要求1或2所述水轮发电机快速理想条件准同期并列方法,其特征是,所述利用发电机组调速器调节发电机电压频率的方法是: 3. according to claim 1 or 2 described hydro-generator fast ideal condition quasi-synchronous juxtaposition method, it is characterized in that, the described method utilizing generating set governor to regulate generator voltage frequency is: 测量发电机电压与电力系统电压的频率差Δf以及水轮机接力器位移信号y,并将测量结果输入可编程逻辑控制器PLC,然后由PLC生成新的接力器位移信号: 
Figure RE-FSB00000567772600011
其中,kp、ki、kd均为常数,该信号与当前测得的接力器位移信号y相减后形成步进电动机驱动信号,通过步进电动机及其随动系统来调节进入水轮机的水流量,进而调节发电机的转速和发电机电压的频率,使之与电力系统电压的频率相等。
Measure the frequency difference Δf between the generator voltage and the power system voltage and the displacement signal y of the hydraulic turbine servomotor, and input the measurement results into the programmable logic controller PLC, and then the PLC generates a new servomotor displacement signal:
Figure RE-FSB00000567772600011
Among them, k p , ki , and k d are all constants, and this signal is subtracted from the servomotor displacement signal y measured at present to form a stepping motor drive signal, and the stepping motor and its servo system are used to adjust the flow into the turbine Water flow, and then adjust the speed of the generator and the frequency of the generator voltage to make it equal to the frequency of the power system voltage.
4.根据权利要求3所述水轮发电机快速理想条件准同期并列方法,其特征是,所述发电机电压的频率与电力系统电压的频率相等是指发电机电压与电力系统电压的频率差Δf小于零频差整定值Δfzd,且频率差变化率 小于零频差变化率整定值 
Figure RE-FSB00000567772600013
其中,Δfzd和 
Figure RE-FSB00000567772600014
的大小依水轮发电机组的调速特性确定。 
4. according to claim 3 described hydroelectric generator fast ideal condition quasi-synchronous juxtaposition method, it is characterized in that, the frequency of described generator voltage is equal to the frequency of power system voltage and refers to the frequency difference between generator voltage and power system voltage Δf is less than zero frequency difference setting value Δf zd , and the rate of change of frequency difference Less than zero frequency difference change rate setting value
Figure RE-FSB00000567772600013
where Δf zd and
Figure RE-FSB00000567772600014
The size of is determined according to the speed regulation characteristics of the hydroelectric generating set.
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