CN101644590A - Anti-strong interference vortex street flowmeter digital signal processing system based on single sensor - Google Patents
Anti-strong interference vortex street flowmeter digital signal processing system based on single sensor Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to the field of flow measurement, in particular to a vortex street flowmeter digital signal processing system which takes an MCU as core and is based on a single sensor. Street flowmeter signal and mechanical vibration noise have different frequency bandwidth features, and an autocorrelation function can reflect the bandwidth feature of the signal. Frequency spectrum analysis, band pass filtering and autocorrelation calculation are carried out on the signal output by the vortex street flow sensor so as to confirm the frequency of the vortex street flow signal. Even underthe condition that the energy of vortex street flow signal is smaller than the energy of vibration noise and the frequency of the vibration noise is changeable, the invention can still exactly obtainthe frequency of the vortex street flow signal, thus eliminating the interference from strong noise and ensuring the on-site measurement preciseness of the vortex street flowmeter.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to field of flow detection, be a kind of digital signal processing system of vortex street flowmeter, particularly a kind of with single-chip microcomputer (MCU) be core, based on the anti-strongly disturbing digital signal processing system of vortex street flowmeter of single-sensor.
Background technology
Vortex shedding flow meter can be measured liquid, gas and steam flow, and range of application is quite extensive.But, in industry spot,, usually be subjected to mechanical vibration when making flowmeter work and disturb because pipeline links to each other with equipment such as water pump, valve and motor, influence the measurement of flow.The characteristics of these mechanical vibration noises are: (1) energy is bigger, sometimes even greater than the energy of vortex flowmeter signals; (2) frequency is in the vortex flowmeter signals frequency range.At present, digital vortex shedding flowmeter adopts digital signal processing method such as spectrum analysis to extract flux of vortex street information, when the energy of flow signal is effective during greater than noise energy.But when noise energy during greater than the flow signal energy, common digital signal processing method can lose efficacy.For this reason, Chinese invention patent has been announced a kind of anti-strong fixed digital signal processing system of vortex street flowmeter (Xu Kejun that disturbs, Zhu Zhihai, Liu Sanshan, Jiang Peng. the anti-strong fixed digital signal processing system of vortex street flowmeter that disturbs, the application patent of invention, 200910116107.1, the applying date: 2009.1.21.).Consider after field apparatus and piping erection well, frequency this actual conditions that just have been fixed up of vibration, this patent of invention proposes following scheme and solves this problem: the signal that (1) gathers vortex street sensor carries out spectrum analysis, according to vortex flowmeter signals be broadband signal and fixedly vibration signal be the characteristics of narrow band signal, and field apparatus has a related parameter, rotating speed of motor etc. is for example determined the fixedly interfering frequency of pipeline; (2), design notch filter, to fall into fixedly undesired signal according to fixing interfering frequency.But in some cases, the vibration interference frequency changes, and the sort signal disposal route is just inapplicable.
External SCHLATTER, Gerald, L. propose on the basis of setting up noise template and signal templates, the method that combines with frequency domain conversion and simple crosscorrelation power spectrum eliminate very noisy in the vortex shedding flow meter (" Signal processing method andapparatus for flowmeter ", WO 90/04230,19 April 1990).But noise situations is various, is difficult for obtaining all templates of noise.And patent does not have explanation how to set up the template of signal and noise.
Summary of the invention
The principle of patent of the present invention institute foundation is: vortex flowmeter signals has different frequency bandwidth features with mechanical vibration noise, and promptly vibration noise is relative narrow band signal, and vortex flowmeter signals is relative broadband signal; And autocorrelation function can reflect the bandwidth feature of signal.
The technical scheme of patent of the present invention is: at first the output signal of vortex flow sensors is carried out spectrum analysis, according to certain noise when the amplitude thresholding determine frequency, it also can be a plurality of that these frequencies can be one; Then, with the centre frequency of these frequencies, respectively the vortex flow sensors output signal is carried out filtering as bandpass filter; The peak value of the autocorrelation function of signal in a period of time after postponing τ and the ratio of τ=0 o'clock auto-correlation function value after the calculation of filtered again; At last, get the frequency of the frequency of minimum ratio correspondence as vortex flowmeter signals.
Concrete technical scheme is as follows:
A kind of anti-strong jamming digital signal processing system of vortex street flowmeter based on single-sensor is made up of analog input module, analog output module, Single Chip Microcomputer (SCM) system, pulse output module, the communication module of communicating by letter with external microcontroller, human-machine interface module, power module and outer watchdog.At first the output signal of vortex flow sensors is carried out spectrum analysis, according to certain noise when the amplitude thresholding determine frequency, it also can be a plurality of that these frequencies can be one; Then, with the centre frequency of these frequencies, respectively the vortex flow sensors output signal is carried out filtering as bandpass filter; Signal ratio of the auto-correlation function value of the peak value of autocorrelation function and τ=0 o'clock in a period of time after postponing τ after the calculation of filtered again; At last, get the frequency of the frequency of minimum ratio correspondence as vortex flowmeter signals.
Vortex flowmeter signals has different frequency bandwidth features with mechanical vibration noise, and promptly vibration noise is relative narrow band signal, and vortex flowmeter signals is relative broadband signal; And calculate the bandwidth feature to reflect signal by autocorrelation function.
Analog input module comprises piezoelectric sensor, charge amplifier, limiting amplifier, low-pass filter, voltage follower; Analog output module comprises optocoupler, digital to analog converter and 4～20mA output circuit; One-chip computer module comprises single-chip microcomputer MSP430F5418, reset circuit, under-voltage observation circuit, ferroelectric memory; Pulse output module comprises optocoupler and shaping circuit; The communication module of communicating by letter with external microcontroller comprises communication module, optocoupler, shaping circuit and external microcontroller; Human-machine interface module comprises button input and liquid crystal display circuit; Power module comprises isolates and non-isolated DC-DC converter, low pressure difference linear voltage regulator.
Counting of sampling is decided to be the N point, the sample frequency difference of the vortex shedding flow meter of different bores; N point sampling value is done after the fast fourier transform, be multiply by the lower limit of the signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio) of setting as amplitude with maximum amplitude, getting a certain amplitude is threshold value; To write down greater than the pairing frequency of the peak value of these two values simultaneously; At this moment, if the number of frequency, is then got preceding 10 maximums greater than 10.
At the determined frequency BHz of claim 4, design bandpass filter in real time; Adopt 6 rank bands to lead to the Butterworth digital filter; Bandwidth is decided to be 10Hz, and then the cutoff frequency of coboundary is (B-5) Hz, and the cutoff frequency of lower boundary is (B+5) Hz.
Take from the average absolute of related function and calculate its peak value, promptly average absolute is 0.637 times of peak value; In order to reduce calculated amount, can only calculate the autocorrelation function average absolute of half period; In order to improve computational accuracy, also can calculate a plurality of periodic auto-correlation function average absolute; According to the sample frequency of reality and the frequency of signal, determine the counting of half period of autocorrelation function.
According to different sample frequency, select different time delay; Determine counting of the autocorrelation function that will calculate; Calculate the autocorrelation function in a period of time again; Ask these autocorrelation function average absolute; Be 0.637 times relation of peak value according to average absolute again, obtain the peak value of these autocorrelation functions.
The advantage of patent of the present invention is: even under the situation of vortex flowmeter signals energy less than the vibration noise energy, and when the frequency of vibration noise is variation, still can access vortex flowmeter signals frequency accurately, thereby get rid of the interference of very noisy, guarantee the in-site measurement precision.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the autocorrelation function graph of vortex flowmeter signals.
Fig. 2 is the autocorrelation function graph of vibration noise.
Fig. 3 is the system hardware structure block diagram.
Fig. 4 is the algorithm principle block diagram.
Fig. 5 is the system software structure block diagram.
Fig. 6 is the master monitor process flow diagram.
Fig. 7 is the Design of Bandpass process flow diagram.
Embodiment
The present invention is further illustrated below in conjunction with accompanying drawing.
Design philosophy of the present invention is: in industry spot, usually not only contain vortex flowmeter signals but also contain mechanical vibration noise in the output signal of vortex flow sensors, when the energy of mechanical vibration noise signal during, adopt digital signal processing method in the past also can't draw correct measurement result greater than the energy of vortex flowmeter signals.In the ideal case, vortex flowmeter signals is the sine wave signal of rule.But, in practice,, make actual frequency the swinging of vortex flowmeter signals in ideal frequency because the instability in turbulent flow, pulsation and flow field of flow media has applied irregular adjection to vortex generation body in the pipeline.And mechanical vibration noise causes that by mechanical external forces such as fan blower, water pump, valve and motor frequency in practice is constant substantially.Therefore, the frequency band that vortex flowmeter signals occupies is wideer than the mechanical vibration noise, and promptly vortex flowmeter signals is a broadband signal with respect to the mechanical vibration noise signal, and the correlativity of its different values constantly is poorer than mechanical vibration noise signal.And autocorrelation function R
xWhat (τ) describe is the data value in a moment and the degree of correlation between another moment data value, so, the amplitude of the autocorrelation function of vortex flowmeter signals can decay rapidly along with the time, and the amplitude attenuation of the autocorrelation function of mechanical vibration noise is slow, and both forms as depicted in figs. 1 and 2.As seen, autocorrelation function R
x(τ) in τ=0 o'clock, just autocorrelation function is got maximal value when not postponing, and its amplitude is along with the time decays afterwards.The decay of vortex flowmeter signals auto-correlation function value is faster than mechanical vibration noise.Therefore, the peak value of autocorrelation function and the ratio of τ=0 o'clock auto-correlation function value in a period of time after can computing relay τ, the pairing frequency of minimum ratio is exactly the frequency of vortex flowmeter signals.
The general structure of system of the present invention as shown in Figure 3.System of the present invention is made up of analog input module, analog output module, Single Chip Microcomputer (SCM) system, pulse output module, communication module, human-machine interface module, power module and the outer watchdog of communicating by letter with external microcontroller (MCU).Wherein, analog input module comprises piezoelectric sensor, charge amplifier, limiting amplifier, low-pass filter, voltage follower; Analog output module comprises optocoupler, digital to analog converter (DAC) and 4～20mA output circuit; One-chip computer module comprises single-chip microcomputer MSP430F5418, reset circuit, under-voltage observation circuit, ferroelectric memory; Pulse output module comprises optocoupler and shaping circuit; The communication module of communicating by letter with outside MCU comprises communication module, optocoupler, shaping circuit and external microcontroller; Human-machine interface module comprises button input and liquid crystal (LCD) display circuit; Power module comprises isolates and non-isolated DC-DC converter (DC-DC), low pressure difference linear voltage regulator (LDO).
The groundwork process of system of the present invention is: sensor signal after suitably amplification, low-pass filtering are removed high fdrequency component, is sent into analog to digital converter (ADC) at first by simulating signal input and conditioning module, finishes signals sampling; Digital signal processing module carries out analyzing and processing with algorithm to the signal of sampling, and obtains flow value; At last, system outwards sends the flow measurement result by electric current, pulse, perhaps by communication module flow information is passed to external microcontroller (MCU).
The specific algorithm of system of the present invention is: at first carry out spectrum analysis, according to certain noise when the amplitude thresholding determine frequency, such as, these frequencies have 50Hz, 80Hz etc., be that the bandpass filter of centre frequency is carried out filtering to original signal x (n) in order to 50Hz then, obtain filtered signal y (n), again to the peak value of autocorrelation function in a period of time behind filtered signal y (n) the computing relay τ and the ratio of τ=0 o'clock auto-correlation function value; In like manner, be that the bandpass filter of centre frequency is carried out filtering, ratio calculated to original signal x (n) then in order to 80Hz; At last, get the frequency of the pairing frequency of minimum ratio (such as 80Hz) as vortex flowmeter signals.During the design digital band-pass filter, what the analog bandpass function became the employing of digital band pass function is Bilinear transformation method, and the formula of conversion is:
In the formula, T is a sampling time interval.
What the calculating of autocorrelation function was adopted is not have partially to estimate that its computing formula is:
In the formula, r for the expression time delay count τ=rT; N is the length of data.The theory diagram of whole algorithm as shown in Figure 4.
Fig. 5 is the software The general frame.Systemic software development is taked modularized design scheme, with subroutine composition function module, is called by master monitor and interrupt service routine unification.Basic function module comprises: main monitoring module, interrupt module, watchdog module, ferroelectric memory operational module, human-machine interface module, initialization module, computing module, output module etc.
Fig. 6 is main monitoring module.Master monitor is the total activation program of whole signal processing system, calls the subroutine in each module, realizes the desired function of instrument.It is an endless loop program, and system one powers on, and master monitor moves automatically, enters in the circulation of continuous calculating and processing.Basic process is: system carries out initialization after powering on and beginning immediately; After the initialization, call computing module, adopt signal processing algorithm to handle, calculate the vortex street frequency in the sensor signal signal sample sequence; Then, according to the instrument coefficient that sets, calculate instantaneous delivery and integrated flux; Then carrying out LCD refreshes; Next calling system output module according to the instantaneous delivery that calculates, outwards sends the electric current of 4～20mA of standard and the pulse of delivery rate correspondence; After output is finished, master monitor will return, and restart to carry out new circulation.
After system initialization is intact, just entered computing module, the Several Key Problems in the computation process is described below.
(1) counting of sampling is decided to be the N point, for example 2048 points; The sample frequency difference of the vortex shedding flow meter of different bores, for example, the sample frequency of the vortex shedding flow meter of 80mm bore measurement gas is made as 2833Hz.2048 point sampling values are done after the fast Fourier transform (FFT), with maximum amplitude multiply by setting signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio) (for example, setting signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio) is 1/3.75, this moment noise amplitude big than vortex signal; This value can be done corresponding adjustment according to the actual conditions at scene) as the lower limit of amplitude, getting a certain amplitude AmV is threshold value, for example 20mV; To write down greater than the pairing frequency of the peak value of these two values simultaneously.At this moment, if the number of frequency greater than 10, is then got the frequency of preceding 10 maximums.
(2) frequency of determining according to (1) designs bandpass filter in real time.In order to eliminate the influence of other frequency components, system of the present invention adopts 6 rank bands to lead to the Butterworth digital filter.Suppose that one of them frequency of determining in (1) is B Hz, promptly centre frequency is B Hz, and bandwidth is decided to be 10Hz, and then the cutoff frequency of coboundary is (B-5) Hz, and the cutoff frequency of lower boundary is (B+5) Hz.The flow process of designing filter as shown in Figure 7.After Design of Filter is finished, just original signal is carried out digital filtering, calculate ratio then through the value of the autocorrelation function of the amplitude of the autocorrelation function after data delay a period of time after the filtering and τ=0 o'clock.If a plurality of frequencies are arranged, then distinguish filtering, ratio calculated.At last, get the frequency of the frequency of minimum ratio correspondence as vortex flowmeter signals.
(3) formula of digital filtering is:
x(n)＝(b
0u(n)+b
1u(n-1)+…b
6u(n-6)-a
1x(n-1)-…-a
6x(n-6))/a
0 (3)
In the formula, original signal sequence and digital filtering burst afterwards that on behalf of sampling, u (n) and x (n) obtain respectively, { b
0..., b
6, a
0..., a
6It is filter coefficient.Filter coefficient for the precision that guarantees to calculate, adopts the double type by calculating.
(4) because the form class of autocorrelation function is similar to sine wave, so the mean value that takes absolute value calculates its peak value, promptly average absolute is 0.637 times of peak value.In order to reduce calculated amount, can only calculate the autocorrelation function average absolute of half period.If will improve computational accuracy, also can calculate a plurality of periodic auto-correlation function average absolute.Actual sample frequency is known, and the frequency of signal can obtain by spectrum analysis, and therefore, the M that counts of the half period of autocorrelation function is:
M＝Fs/F/2 (4)
In the formula, Fs is a sample frequency, and F is the frequency of signal.
(5), select different time delay according to different sample frequency.For example, at the vortex shedding flow meter of 80mm bore measurement gas, be decided to be 0.5 second the time delay of system, and therefore, the starting point of r is 1416 (i.e. 0.5 second * sample frequency 2833Hz) in the formula (2).Determine the M that counts of the autocorrelation function that will calculate again in real time according to formula (4).Therefore, calculate r is 1416,1417 ..., the autocorrelation function in the time of (1416+M-1).Ask absolute value (because sometimes can get negative value, so will the take absolute value) sum of the autocorrelation function of these points,, obtain these autocorrelation function average absolute again divided by M; Be 0.637 times relation of peak value according to average absolute again, the result divided by 0.637, is just obtained the peak value of these autocorrelation functions.
Claims (7)
1, based on the anti-strongly disturbing digital signal processing system of vortex street flowmeter of single-sensor, form by analog input module, analog output module, Single Chip Microcomputer (SCM) system, pulse output module, the communication module of communicating by letter, human-machine interface module, power module and outer watchdog with external microcontroller, it is characterized in that: at first the output signal of vortex flow sensors is carried out spectrum analysis, according to certain noise when the amplitude thresholding determine frequency, it also can be a plurality of that these frequencies can be one; Then, with the centre frequency of these frequencies, respectively the vortex flow sensors output signal is carried out filtering as bandpass filter; Signal ratio of the auto-correlation function value of the peak value of autocorrelation function and τ=0 o'clock in a period of time after postponing τ after the calculation of filtered again; At last, get the frequency of the frequency of minimum ratio correspondence as vortex flowmeter signals.
2, the anti-strongly disturbing digital signal processing system of vortex street flowmeter based on single-sensor as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: vortex flowmeter signals has different frequency bandwidth features with mechanical vibration noise, be that vibration noise is relative narrow band signal, vortex flowmeter signals is relative broadband signal; And calculate the bandwidth feature to reflect signal by autocorrelation function.
3, the anti-strongly disturbing digital signal processing system of vortex street flowmeter based on single-sensor as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: analog input module comprises piezoelectric sensor, charge amplifier, limiting amplifier, low-pass filter, voltage follower; Analog output module comprises optocoupler, digital to analog converter and 4～20mA output circuit; One-chip computer module comprises single-chip microcomputer MSP430F5418, reset circuit, under-voltage observation circuit, ferroelectric memory; Pulse output module comprises optocoupler and shaping circuit; The communication module of communicating by letter with external microcontroller comprises communication module, optocoupler, shaping circuit and external microcontroller; Human-machine interface module comprises button input and liquid crystal display circuit; Power module comprises isolates and non-isolated DC-DC converter, low pressure difference linear voltage regulator.
4, the anti-strongly disturbing digital signal processing system of vortex street flowmeter based on single-sensor as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: counting of sampling is decided to be the N point, the sample frequency difference of the vortex shedding flow meter of different bores; N point sampling value is done after the fast fourier transform, be multiply by the lower limit of the signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio) of setting as amplitude with maximum amplitude, getting a certain amplitude is threshold value; To write down greater than the pairing frequency of the peak value of these two values simultaneously; At this moment, if the number of frequency, is then got preceding 10 maximums greater than 10.
5, the anti-strongly disturbing digital signal processing system of vortex street flowmeter based on single-sensor as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: at the determined frequency BHz of claim 4, design bandpass filter in real time; Adopt 6 rank bands to lead to the Butterworth digital filter; Bandwidth is decided to be 10Hz, and then the cutoff frequency of coboundary is (B-5) Hz, and the cutoff frequency of lower boundary is (B+5) Hz.
6, the anti-strongly disturbing digital signal processing system of vortex street flowmeter based on single-sensor as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: the average absolute of taking from related function is calculated its peak value, and promptly average absolute is 0.637 times of peak value; In order to reduce calculated amount, can only calculate the autocorrelation function average absolute of half period; In order to improve computational accuracy, also can calculate a plurality of periodic auto-correlation function average absolute; According to the sample frequency of reality and the frequency of signal, determine the counting of half period of autocorrelation function.
7, the anti-strongly disturbing digital signal processing system of vortex street flowmeter based on single-sensor as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: according to different sample frequency, select different time delay; Determine counting of the autocorrelation function that will calculate; Calculate the autocorrelation function in a period of time again; Ask these autocorrelation function average absolute; Be 0.637 times relation of peak value according to average absolute again, obtain the peak value of these autocorrelation functions.
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