CN101641618A - Thermally switched optical downconverting filter - Google Patents

Abstract

A thermally switched optical downconverting (TSOD) filter (100) is a self regulating device including a downconverter (102) that converts incoming light at a variety of wavelengths into longer wavelength radiation and then directs it using one or more bandblock filters (101, 103) in either the inward or outward direction, depending on the temperature of the device. This control over the flow of radiant energy occurs independently of the thermal conductivity or insulating properties of the device and may or may not preserve the image and color properties of incoming visible light. The TSOD filter (100) has energy efficiency implications, as it can be used to regulate the internal temperature and illumination of buildings, vehicles, and other structures without the need for an external powersupply or operator signals. The TSOD filter (100) also has aesthetic implications, since the device has unique optical properties that are not found in traditional windows, skylights, stained glass,light fixtures, glass blocks, bricks, or walls. The TSOD filter (100) has particular, but not exclusive, application as a building material.

Description

Thermally switched optical downconverting filter

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

The application requires according to the U.S. Provisional Patent Application no.60/897 of the 35th 119 (e) money of united states patent law in submission on January 24th, 2007, the U.S. Provisional Patent Application no.60/931 that on May 21st, 184 and 2007 submitted to, 068 right of priority, the equal integral body of the content of these two pieces of patented claims is incorporated into this for your guidance.

Technical field

Theme as described herein relate to be used for by down coversion and optionally reflection control flow of light and the photothermal solid-state and device of " near solid-state ".Present technique particularly but be applied in passive or active adjustment film, material and the device, especially as structured material not exclusively.

Background technology

Photic deepening (photodarkening) material has been used many decades, for example, is used in the sunglass lens, optionally cuts down incident light when being subjected to the stimulation of ultraviolet ray (UV) radiation with box lunch.In the time of in being combined in window, this material can come the internal temperature of adjustment structure in the following manner:, and pass through in the clear to allow artificial light or scattering daylight by the printing opacity that becomes once more cutting down bright sunshine by deepening.This system is passive and is self-regulating, except UV light on every side, does not need external signal to operate.Yet, because it is subjected to ultraviolet ray control, rather than controlled by temperature, so this system effectiveness in adjustment is used is limited.

Electricity causes deepening (electrodarkening) and photic deepening material is mainly cut down incident light by absorbing rather than reflecting, and this means that when being exposed to bright following time of optics, it is with heating.This has produced the conduction thermoflux, and it has remedied the minimizing in the radiation delivery, regulates the ability of temperature thereby greatly limited it.

Absorb a kind of light of wavelength and send the another kind of more process of long wavelength's light and be called as down coversion.This process occurs in many abiogenous fluorescence and the phosphor material (comprising phosphorus).Blackbody radiation from energy absorbing material also is the form of down coversion.Down coversion also occurs in the semiconductor material, and it absorbs energy on the broad wavelength band by the process that is called as photoluminescence, and emits energy on the wavelength band that be the center around the band gap energy with material much narrow.Low-converter can be made by a slice bulk semiconductor like a cork.

Making very little structure is confirmed well in order to the quantum mechanics performance with charge carrier (for example, electronics or electronics " hole ").The quantum limit of carrier can realize by a dimension or a plurality of dimension structure less than the quantum mechanics wavelength of carrier.Restriction to a dimension produces " quantum well ", to the restriction generation " quantum line " of two dimensions.

Quantum dot is the structure that can limit carrier on all three dimensions.Quantum dot can form size on all three directions all less than the particulate of the de Broglie wavelength of charge carrier.In the particulate of size, also can be observed quantum limitation effect less than electron hole Bohr's diameter, carrier inelastic mean free path and ionization diameter (that is the diameter when, the quantum limit of carrier can equal its caloic kinetic energy).Suppose, when satisfying all these standards simultaneously, can be observed the strongest restriction.This particulate can be made up of semiconductor material (for example, Si, GaAs, AlGaAs, InGaAs, InAlAs, InAs and other materials), perhaps is made up of metal, and can has maybe and can not have insulating coating.In this document, this particulate is called as " quantum dot particles ".

Quantum dot can have and the corresponding very different electronic structure of bulk material, and therefore can have different attributes.Because its unique attribute, quantum dot can be used in many electronic installations, optical devices and the electrooptical device.Now, quantum dot is used as nearly monochromatic fluorescence light source, LASER Light Source, comprises the photo-detector of infrared ray (IR) detector, and the height miniaturization transistor that comprises single-electronic transistor.

To several centuries have been put into practice in metal and the semiconductor nano particulate embedding bulk material (for example, the cadmium sulfide particulate is as the colorant in aesthetic property (aesthetic) crystal).Yet, only just the physical property of these materials is being had suitable understanding recently.These nanoparticles are that characteristic is by its size and the quantum dot of forming decision.These nanoparticles are as the adulterant that embeds wherein with the material that changes selected optics or electrology characteristic." artificial atom " of these quantum dot representatives has characteristics different with natural atom on purposes.Yet, must be pointed out that the doping characteristic of quantum dot is just fixing during fabrication, can not regulate later on.

Among the Physics Review B (physical comment B) (on July 15th, 2000), describe the manufacturing of " having the potential adjustable optical characteristics and the artificial solid of two and three dimensions of electrology characteristic " in people such as Leatherdale " Photoconductivity in CdSe Quantum Dot Solids (photoconductivity in the CdSe quantum dot solid) " in detail.These solids are made up of the gluey semiconductor nanocrystal that is deposited on the Semiconductor substrate.The result obtains the orderly vitreous film be made up of quantum dot particles, and its electricity that can be subjected to the optical excitation of external light source or be subjected to being attached to the electrode of substrate excites and changes optics and electrology characteristic.

The U.S. Patent No. 5,881,200 of Burt discloses a kind of optical fiber (1), and it comprises a middle opening (2), wherein is filled with quantum dot (4) colloidal solution (3) in Supporting Media.The purpose of quantum dot is to produce light when being subjected to the stimulation of optics aspect, for example, produces light amplification or laser emission.Quantum dot has substituted the erbium atom that can produce image intensifer when being used as adulterant in optical fiber.The influence of selected size and composition when the characteristic of quantum dot can be subjected to making.Although this device has input path (or footpath, source) and outgoing route (or leaking the footpath), it does not have the external control device, therefore, on any intentional meaning is not one " switch ".Thereby it can not stop or regulate the luminous energy stream by optical fiber.

Proceedings ofthe IBEE (IBEE journal), 85 volumes, in the 4th phase (in April, 1997), what people's such as Goldhaber-Gordon " Overview of NanoelectronicDevices (nanoelectronic device summary) " described is possible minimum single-electronic transistor.It is had " lead-in wire " of " resonance tunnel-through device (or RTD) " to form by embedded (inline), be somebody's turn to do " lead-in wire " by conduction C ₆Benzene molecular is made, and " resonance tunnel-through device " embedded thing is by the CH that is used as insulator ₂The benzene molecular that molecule centered on is formed.This device may be described to quantum well (rather than quantum dot) not too exactly, and is intended to as the switchgear transistor, rather than the limiting mechanism of charge carrier.Yet in principle, this device should be able to comprise a spot of excess electron, and thus serves as the quantum limit device.Therefore, the author thinks that this device may " more as quantum dot rather than solid-state RTD " (seeing the 19th page).

People's such as Fan U.S. Patent No. 6,512,242 has been described a kind of device that is used to produce quantum effect, and it comprises: quantum line (504), and energy transmits along quantum line under Control of Voltage; And quantum dot (502,503), holding near the quantum line of energy.Quantum line is transported into a quantum dot or a plurality of quantum dot by " resonance tunnel-through " with electronics, and with electronics from wherein transporting.Described as people such as Fan, quantum dot is as " resonance coupling element ", and it transports electronics or transport electronics between the different port in the identical waveguide between as the quantum line of electronic waveguide.In other words, quantum dot is as a kind of conduit.

People's such as Stinz U.S. Patent Application Publication No.2002/0079485A1 discloses a kind of " quantum section (quantum dash) " installs, it can be considered to a kind of and have the non-sphere of slender axles, the quantum dot particles of non-radial symmetry, or is considered to a kind of weak point, discontinuous quantum line segment.In this sense, the quantum section only is other quantum dot particles of a kind of particular stage.Described as people such as Stinz, a plurality of quantum section apparatus are embedded in the specific location in the solid material, with exciting of reinforcing material inner laser energy.Resulting structure is " tunable laser ", and its output frequency can be regulated in narrower scope.This tuning " wavelength selectivity feedback " by the outside grating of use realizes, can arrive the input light frequency of the quantum section of material internal with restriction.This openly points out: " as the density of states and the optical gain that totally will have similar atom of the quantum section of the homogeneous size of desirable quantum dot ".People such as Stinz rely on the precise geometry of semiconductor material and form the quantum section of making specific size and shape.Therefore, select obtainable quantum state only can realize during fabrication, " for example, by regulating the ratio that InAs individual layer coverage, growth rate and temperature obtain various length-wide-Gao ".Energy influences all quantum sections equably, and also influences the material around that wherein is embedded with the quantum section, and if material around is lighttight, photon energy can not arrive the quantum section at all so.In addition, this device is not a photoswitch.

People's such as Stinz U.S. Patent Application Publication No.2002/0114367A1 discloses " a kind of desirable quantum dot layer, it comprises the multiple quantum dot that is embedded in the quantum well layer that is clipped between the restraining barrier ".Similarly, people's such as Yoshimura U.S. Patent No. 6,294,794B1 disclose " a plurality of quantum dots in the active layer, thus make quantum dot on direction, have perpendicular to active layer by change to form or mix and obtain asymmetric ".These quantum dot particles only are embedded in the optical crystal.People's such as Sugiyama U.S. Patent No. 6,281 discloses similar quantum dot layer structure among the 519B1.

U.S. Patent No. 6 people such as McCarthy, 978, in 070, a plurality of memory bank addressable quantum dot devices are disclosed in detail, it can be used as programmable dopants, so as with controlled and repeatably mode change substrate (though be cylindrical, plate shaped, or other shapes) whole electrical characteristics, light characteristic, thermal characteristics, magnetic characteristic, chemical characteristic and mechanical property.This control can not only take place when made, also can take place in real time, that is, take place in response to the demand that changes and condition in use.

In people's such as McCarthy U.S. Patent Application Publication No.2006/0011904, a kind of composite membrane that is combined with quantum dot as the stratification of programmable dopants is disclosed.Describe in detail and a kind ofly be used to control a large amount of quantum dots to influence the device near the overall permanence of its surface portion of substrate.This device can be combined with and be used to switch on and off the switch of power with control lead-in wire or control lead-in wire branch, but these switches are not heat controls.The author also points out, this device " can be used as the solid state heat switch, that is, it can switch between heat conduction and adiabatic condition, forms the heat equivalent of electron transistor or variohm ".Yet although clearly show that source electrode, the drain and gate of the switch (122) in the control lead-in wire, the structure of this thermal switch is not concrete, for example, does not draw or describes the input and output path.

" the Quantum Wells of Harrison, Wires, and Dots (quantum well, quantum line and quantum dot) ", John's prestige is founded a state and has been pointed out the existence of " two-dimensional electron gas field effect transistor (TEGFET) " in the border publishing company (2000), this is a kind of High Electron Mobility Transistor (HEMT) that is designed to utilize (x-y) mobility in the high plane, " when the modulation doping heterojunction, produce mobility in the high plane ".The One-dimensional Quantum restriction of the carrier that this design comprises can be at the heterojunction place (that is, between two kinds of electric dissimilar materials at the interface) the takes place restriction of z axis (that is, along).Yet, because carrier only can move freely in the x-y plane, and owing to do not have quantum limit on x direction or the y direction, so, the One-dimensional Quantum restriction be follow generation rather than initiatively exploitation, and when this device is moved, be not essential.Though switch really of this device, it is in essence neither light-operated, neither thermal control.

Harrison also discloses a kind of effect that is called as the quantum limit Stark effect, wherein, applies electric field perpendicular to quantum well, is limited to the energy level of carrier wherein with influence.Although there is trickle influence in this absorption spectrum to quantum well as you know,, this effect is to use in sensor, rather than uses in switch.In addition, Harrison does not show or hints that Stark effect once was used for improving the switch performances of TEGFET device or any other type.

The switch that also has the dependence quantum limit of another kind of type: single-electronic transistor or SET.It is by the source footpath (input path) of leading to quantum dot particles or quantum dot device and leave quantum dot particles or the leakage of quantum dot device footpath (outgoing route) and the gate electrode of controlling quantum dot are formed.When an electronics passed through grid footpath access to plant, switch changed into non-conductive or off-state from conduction or closure state, or vice versa.Yet, SET is not designed to may command heat energy stream or luminous energy stream, and SET does not comprise optics low-converter or band resistance optical filter.

Also have thermal switch, when being in its connection or closure state, it allows heat energy to pass through, but when being in its disconnection or opening, stops heat energy to pass through.Yet these switches are mechanical relay, and it relies on the contact between two conduction surfaces (typically being made of metal) and heat energy is enough passed through.When removing these two when surperficial, heat energy can not conduct betwixt, unless conduct by air gap.If this device is located in the vacuum, then heat conduction can be completely blocked when off-state.The thermal switch of another kind of type relates to gas or liquid pumped in the chamber or from chamber and pumps.When chamber was full of, it conducted heat.When chamber is sky, not conduction.Apparently, these devices are not solid-state, are not multi-functional, are not programmable, and do not rely on quantum limit to operate.

Also there is photoswitch.Light can be absorbed or reflect the light of some characteristic frequency but the optical filter that allows the light of other frequencies to pass through stops.Can use short pass filter and long pass filter, perhaps can hinder optical filter and stop frequency than close limit by trap optical filter or band.Now, some optical filters also are combined with quantum well, quantum line or quantum dot particles.

Increase mechanized shutter and other light transmissive material (comprising optical filter) can be transformed into photoswitch.When dimmer was opened, light passed through like a cork.When dimmer cuts out, there is not light to pass through.Replace mechanized shutter if electricity consumption causes deepening material (for example liquid crystal), switch is " near solid-state " so, except photon, electronics and liquid crystal molecule itself, does not have the part that moves.Other electricity causes deepening material (for example described in people's such as Azens the U.S. Patent No. 7,099,062) can play similar effect.To those skilled in the art, apparently, these optical filters/photoswitch combination is not passive, but must be operated by external signal.

Included information all only is used for (comprising that any list of references of quoting reaches any description or the discussion to it here) purpose of Technical Reference, the not theme that should be considered to limit the scope of the invention in this background parts of instructions.

Summary of the invention

Technology disclosed herein relates to be controlled separately about the thermal conductivity and the thermal transmittance of radiation energy aspect material, so that regulate hot-fluid with effective and efficient manner, and need not to keep light characteristic by the radiation energy of material.In embodiment, present technique adopts and is clipped in two temperature-responsive optics low-converters that have between different centre wavelengths or trap optical filter that is provided with near a single object or the band resistance optical filter, to regulate the passage of luminous energy, thereby make when being lower than threshold temperature, most of projectile energies pass through device, and make, most of projectile energies are reflected, or be absorbed and radiation once more, or when being higher than second threshold temperature direct separating device, produce thermally switched optical downconverting filter (hereinafter being called " TSOD optical filter ") thus.

The TSOD optical filter shows three kinds of different characteristics.In low temperature range or when being lower than threshold temperature, luminous energy is by the TSOD optical filter.In the time of on intermediate temperature range, reflection of TSOD optical filter or radiation drop to nearly half luminous energy that reaches on it, and transmission (transmit, transmission) second half luminous energy.On high temperature range or when being higher than threshold temperature, nearly all incident optical energy is fallen in reflection of TSOD optical filter or radiation.Therefore, the TSOD optical filter can be used to regulate by the amount of controlling its solar radiation that absorbs the internal temperature of buildings or other structures.

The TSOD optical filter is passive, self-regulating device (a so-called intellectual material), and it does not need external signal or user to import to operate.Therefore, the TSOD optical filter is as the solid-state light switch.Except photon and electronics, this switch does not comprise movable part.The TSOD optical filter further provides based on temperature and to the adjusting of amount of luminous energy by it.This allows by control the absorption of sun power or other incident optical energies to be controlled the internal temperature of buildings, vehicle and other structures.

The physics example of TSOD optical filter can be thick or thin, firm or unstable, rigidity or flexible, monolithic integrated circuit or be made up of a plurality of individual components, need only its basic function of not obvious change.When the TSOD optical filter was constructed to transmit visible light seldom or does not transmit visible light, it can be used as the aesthetic property energy adjustment substitute of light tight building materials (for example timber, brick, glass fibre and drywall).When the TSOD optical filter was constructed to transmit the visible light of the visible light of scattering or decay, it can be used as the aesthetic property energy adjustment substitute of semi-transparent building materials (for example glass bar, dimming glass and texture polymkeric substance).When the TSOD optical filter was constructed to transmit visible light that omits micro-scattering or the visible light that omits microwave attenuation, it can be used as the aesthetic property energy adjustment substitute of printing opacity building materials (for example windowpane or polymkeric substance window).When the low-converter in the TSOD optical filter was constructed to send monochromatic light in the visible spectrum, it can be used as the bright energy adjustment substitute of stained glass, color window, window applique and coating or colored artificial light sources.

From following more specifically description to each embodiment of the present invention, other features of the present invention, details, purposes and advantage will be apparent, and the present invention further illustrates in the accompanying drawings, and is further limited in accessory claim.

Description of drawings

Note that the element that is closely related has the components identical label in institute's drawings attached.

Fig. 1 is the schematic cross section of an embodiment of TSOD optical filter, shows one deck and is clipped between two band resistance optical filters and is attached to low-converter material on the light-transmissive substrates.The behavior of the incident light under the cold conditions of TSOD optical filter has been described.

Fig. 2 is the schematic cross section of the embodiment of Fig. 1, in addition described the behavior of incident light under TSOD optical filter hot.

Fig. 3 is the curve map of light intensity and wavelength, the emission spectrum, low-converter of having described external light source cold conditions and hot in fluorescence spectrum or photoluminescence spectra, and reflectance spectrums of two band resistance optical filters that are used for an embodiment of TSOD optical filter.

Fig. 4 is the schematic cross section of another embodiment of TSOD optical filter, and is wherein porose in the low-converter, to allow not pass through the TSOD optical filter from the part white light of external light source with changing.

Fig. 5 is the schematic cross section of another embodiment of TSOD optical filter, wherein, has increased a great selection of parts, to improve the performance and the aesthetic property of device.

Fig. 6 is the schematic cross section of the another embodiment of TSOD optical filter, wherein, passes collector lens from the white light of external light source before arriving low-converter.

Fig. 7 is the schematic cross section of the another embodiment of TSOD optical filter, wherein, structured substrate and band resistance reverberator are combined into single part, near " buildings outside " side of device, adopt the thermochromism attenuator, and low-converter is reapposed over " interior of building " surface of device.

Fig. 8 is the schematic cross section of another embodiment of TSOD optical filter, and wherein, low-converter is also as the thermochromism attenuator.

Fig. 9 is the schematic cross section of another embodiment of TSOD optical filter, and wherein, the inside surface of light-transmissive substrates is provided with the thermochromism attenuator, and band resistance optical filter and printing opacity insulator are combined into single parts.

Figure 10 is the schematic cross section of the another embodiment of TSOD optical filter, and it is used in the potential special applications of spandrel (spandrel) form.

Embodiment

Disclosed technology relates to utilizes thermochromism optics low-converter and one or more bands resistance optical filters to combine, with produce allow luminous energy under the low ambient temperature by and under high ambient temperature, be reflected or thermally switched optical downconverting filter (TSOD optical filter) that radiation is fallen.This technology is suitable for being used in the building materials (for example spandrel, window and wallboard) very much, with the heating and cooling of no seedbed adjusting to buildings or other structures.For example, in ambient air temperature colder winter, the building materials that is combined with the TSOD optical filter can make the most of sun power in the incident sunshine enter the inside of buildings, with no seedbed heating building.Similarly, than hot summer, the building materials that is combined with the TSOD optical filter can stop the most of sun power in the incident sunshine to enter the inside of buildings, thereby keeps buildings nice and cool at ambient air temperature.

For this paper, term " switch " comprises solid-state device, chemical devices and the mechanical hook-up that is used for optionally stoping or allowing energy stream, and comprise digital switch (for example, transistor and relay) and analog regulator (for example, electron tube and variohm).In addition, be used for optionally stoping or the valve of regulating air-flow or liquid stream can be considered to similar to switch, thereby in principle, these two terms can use interchangeably.In view of this definition, the TSOD optical filter is the solid-state light switch, and its temperature according to device moves to its " closure " or reflection/radiation blocked state from its " disconnection " or transmission state.

For this paper, term " passive " refers to object or installs the instruction of disobeying outer signal or operator in response to environmental baseline and operate.Therefore, a device can comprise large amount of complex parts (or even moving-member), but it still is considered to " passive " for this paper.User's override (override) pattern that may exist similarly, does not change the passive character of this device in the mode of any essence.On the contrary, active device is to need the user to import to carry out the device of its normal function.(in view of these definition, photosensitive sunglasses is a passive device, and the standard lamp of being operated by Wall-type switch is an active device.)

The TSOD optical filter comprises low-converter, the incident light that this low-converter absorbs the multi-wavelength on most of spectrum (generally including visible light, near ultraviolet ray and near infrared ray) (for example, sunshine), and fluoresce or photoluminescence, thereby it is lower (promptly than the energy of the light that absorbs that it is sent, lower frequency or longer wavelength) the light (infrared ray normally, however also available other wavelength substitutes) of different wavelength range.As everyone knows, many bulk materials (for example phosphorus) fluoresce or photoluminescence by this way.Semiconductor is especially known because of sending the light that is in its band gap energy.Quantum limit structure (for example quantum well, quantum line, quantum section and quantum dot) also can be used as low-converter.The quantum limit structure tends to have the efficient more much higher than semiconductor, and promptly it launches the bigger part of the energy that it absorbed again.

Blackbody radiator also can be used as low-converter.Blackbody radiator does not fluoresce, but its absorbed radiation (for example, visible light) and it is launched with longer wavelength (for example, infrared ray) again.The schematic form of blackbody radiator can be that a slice steel or other may be painted the metal of black simply, to guarantee wide band absorption.Can be used on other schematic blackbody radiators in the TSOD optical filter and can comprise that dark polymkeric substance and pottery, honeycomb and other are derived from " accurate black matrix " class formation of space, or even only be dark (being black ideally) coating.

Low-converter also can be chosen or designed to " thermochromism ".In other words, the emission peak of material changes along with temperature.We know that many materials all have this character.Blackbody radiator is according to Wei grace law and its output wavelength peak value of conversion.Because the atomic distance of temperature effect semiconductor material or grating constant, and therefore change its available energy band gap, so semiconductor material changes its emission wavelength or " color ".Yet the available energy band gap of quantum limit structure (quantum well, quantum line and quantum dot typically) is the inverse function of its size, also is the function of its composition and grating constant.Therefore, these structures also are thermochromism to a certain extent.

Another parts of TSOD optical filter are trap optical filter or band resistance optical filter, trap optical filter or band resistance optical filter can reflect the light in the particular range of wavelengths well, and see through institute well and pays close attention to other wavelength in the spectrum (closely UV light, visible light (VIS) and closely IR light typically).The example of UV/VIS/NIR band resistance optical filter comprises: distributed Bragg reflector (DBR), and it uses two kinds of transparent material layer with differing refraction indices alternately; And the pectination optical filter, it relies on the refractive index that steadily changes to another side from the one side of material.The coating of low-launch-rate or film (for example, the coating of indium tin oxide target or other metal oxides) also can be used as band resistance optical filter.As used herein, term " coating " and " film " are used interchangeably, and in being applied in any embodiment the time, each term all is intended to comprise another.Also exist and to be used in the simple glass plate in the TSOD optical filter or to comprise the glass plate of borosilicate and the band resistance optical filter of many other types with equal effect, do not need to be described in greater detail possible embodiment here with design, function and the effectiveness of passing on the TSOD optical filter fully.Because band resistance optical filter is to the outer only printing opacity of an one stopband or a plurality of stopband, so, arrive most of incident lights (for example sunshine) on the TSOD optical filter and seldom decay or directly pass through reflectingly to be with and hinder optical filter.In the prior art, well-known is optics band resistance optical filter, infrared tape resistance optical filter and ultraviolet tape resistance optical filter, does not need here to describe in detail.

Many embodiments of TSOD optical filter also comprise thermochromism optical filter or attenuator, and this thermochromism optical filter or attenuator may be defined as the transmissivity of incident radiation (for example visible light) any material, object, device or the mechanism with temperature change.For example, the thermotropic liquid crystal of all being furnished with polarizer on each surface can be used as attenuator.This structure is printing opacity normally, but becomes black (absorption) when being higher than threshold temperature (being called as clear point) or being in the electric field.

In many embodiments, the low-converter that is in the cold conditions absorbs the white light that hinders optical filter by band, and emission monochromatic light (for example, wavelength is the near infrared light of 2000nm).The low-converter layer sends this light on all directions, still, the major part of this emission all is basically perpendicular to or is orthogonal to the TSOD optical filter.50% of this light inwardly passes through, and other 50% outwards passes through.Yet if the emission wavelength peak of low-converter drops in the stopband of band resistance optical filter, this light is reflected once more via low-converter so.Therefore, be converted to low frequency/long wavelength's light by the white light of TSOD optical filter, it is prevented from fleeing from from its route that enters.Then, this light is by the second band resistance optical filter, and the stopband of this band resistance optical filter is selected such that monochromatic light is not damply by the resistance of the band in cold conditions optical filter.

Yet when low-converter was higher than threshold temperature, its emission peak was transformed to and makes it drop on outside the stopband of two band resistance optical filters.In this case, owing to there is not optical filter reflection monochromatic light, so half emission measure of low-converter is radiated in the device, and second half radiate.Therefore, the gross energy of device transmission is that it is in energy in the cold conditions half.

At last, when low-converter was higher than second threshold temperature, its emission peak dropped on outside the stopband of external belt resistance optical filter, and dropped within the stopband of inner band resistance optical filter.In this case, allow to be radiated the outer monochromatic light of device and leave, and be radiated monochromatic light in the device by reflected back once more.Therefore, allow to arrive the considerably less incident light energy of device by this device.On the contrary, it is converted to monochromatic light, is reflected then.

Therefore, the TSOD optical filter shows three kinds of different performances: when low temperature, it passes through luminous energy.When medium temperature, its reflection or radiation drop to nearly half luminous energy that reaches on it, and transmit second half luminous energy.When high temperature, the incident optical energy that its reflection or radiation are nearly all.Therefore, the TSOD optical filter can be used for the amount of the solar radiation by controlling its absorption and regulate the internal temperature of buildings or other structures.

The TSOD optical filter particularly but the amount that is applied in the solar radiation by controlling its absorption not exclusively regulate in the temperature of buildings.In addition, end by improving its cold conditions light absorption or hot photoresistance, or by reducing the performance that its thermal conductivity can improve the TSOD optical filter.In addition, can improve the penetrability of TSOD optical filter by thickness, optical density or the layout (for example, by substitute the striped or the spot of low-converter material with light transmissive material) of regulating the low-converter layer.Therefore, in some application-specific, can improve the function of TSOD optical filter by increasing optional feature (for example fin, collimating apparatus (collimator), diffuser screen, attenuator, anti-reflection coating, collector lens, air-gap or vacuum crack, or including but not limited to the semi-transparent heat guard of foamglass and aerosil).

Though the material of TSOD optical filter and structure can be rigidity,, implementing function described here, not need to ask it be rigidity.In addition, though each parts of TSOD optical filter all illustrate be described as be set up or direct physical contact, if parts only be near and physically separate, the TSOD optical filter also can work.Therefore, though the TSOD optical filter (for example can show as solid body, brick, spandrel or portable plate) or the solid body group is (for example, invest the parts of optical bench), but it also can show as flexible article, for example, tent material, blanket, curtain maybe can be attached to the decal on windowpane surface, spandrel or the glass bar building materials.

Though, when the output wavelength of low-converter was big as far as possible, the maximum control to the power transfer of TSOD optical filter appearred,, for the reason of aesthetic property or as useful light source, output wavelength may be selected to and appears in the visible spectrum.The best catalysis that the output wavelength of low-converter can further be selected to chemical reaction or biochemical reaction provides emission wavelength.For example, this emission wavelength can optimumly be promotion photosynthesis or sunbath, or produces specific optical effect (for example crystal drive in the laser).Because the photoluminescence property of low-converter, the colorama of TSOD optical filter output than via white light only by color filter obtainable colour bright many.In addition, can come apparatus surface is increased " color " of reflection with the light of reflection specific wavelength by increasing one or more additional bands resistance optical filters, and to the minimum that influences of its efficient.The optical characteristics of consequent optical properties and any other building materials is also dissimilar.

Fig. 1 is the schematic cross section of an embodiment of TSOD optical filter 100, shows to be clipped between two band resistance optical filters 101 and 103 and to be attached to low-converter layer 102 on the light-transmissive substrates 104.In the most general situation, external light source will be a white light, promptly have the light of the very hard intensity of the very big bandwidth that covers visible spectrum, near-ultraviolet spectrum and near infrared spectrum.In schematic a use of TSOD optical filter 100, external light source is the sun.Yet when external light source is not white light (for example, the scattered radiation energy in blue sky), TSOD optical filter 100 also will work.

Incident light is at first by external belt resistance optical filter 101.In one embodiment, band resistance optical filter has the stopband (bandwidth is 100nm or littler) that is rather narrow in dark heat (that is, wavelength is 750nm or bigger).The schematic form of band resistance optical filter 101 comprises distributed Bragg reflector (DBR) or pectination optical filter.Two class reverberators all can be made of a variety of materials.In exemplary embodiment, the DBR that band resistance optical filter 101 can be made up of the alternating layer of two kinds of different light penetrating copolymers (for example polystyrene (PS) and polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA)).It will be understood by those skilled in the art that these layers can form by the deposition technique of various standards, these technology here do not need to describe in detail.Yet in exemplary embodiment, these layers can be spin-coated on described layer on the substrate by the liquid of forming with the single polymers that is dissolved in the solvent and form.

The part that drops in the incident light spectrum in the stopband is with resistance optical filter 101 to reflect away.Yet the bandwidth of stopband and centre wavelength are chosen to usually make that these reflection losses drop to minimum.For example, only having 2% sea level solar spectrum to appear at wavelength is between 2000 to 2200nm.Therefore, the band resistance optical filter that is reflected in the light in this scope will transmit the incident sunshine up to 98%.

Incident light (for example sunshine) is in case by external belt resistance optical filter 101, just enter low-converter 102, low-converter 102 is device or the materials that absorb multi-wavelength's high energy light and launch the single light with narrower wavelength band again, and described wavelength is generally equal to or is longer than the wavelength that is absorbed.For example, emission peak be the schematic low-converter 102 of 2000nm with the light of absorbing wavelength less than this, and launch narrow again about 2000nm to be the energy of Gauss's band at center.Normally, the wavelength that 102 pairs of low-converters are longer than its emission peak is permeable, thereby when the sunshine that is exposed to by external belt resistance optical filter 101, schematically low-converter 102 will allow wavelength to pass through greater than the incident radiation of 2000nm (nearly 7% of gross energy) unattenuatedly.

Various devices and material all show this performance, comprise that absorption and thermal-radiating again black matrix and emission peak appear at the bulk semiconductor at its band gap energy place.Yet quantum limit structure (for example quantum well, quantum line and quantum dot) all has the optical efficiency higher than bulk semiconductor usually, thereby makes most incident light be absorbed and transform, only have sub-fraction be reflected, by or as used heat consumption.In some embodiments, low-converter 102 is made up of a plurality of quantum dot particles that are embedded in the light penetrating copolymer.Yet low-converter also can be quantum well, quantum line device, bulk material (for example semiconductor), mix or structurized photonic material or black matrix absorber/radiator.

Mainly instructed structure, composition, manufacturing and the function of quantum dot particles among people's such as Lee the U.S. Patent Application Publication No.2003/0066998, its content is incorporated into this for your guidance in the mode as stating fully at this.Instructed structure, composition, manufacturing and the function of schematic quantum dot device in the U.S. Patent No. 5,889,288 of Futatsugi, its content is incorporated into this for your guidance in the mode as stating fully at this.Instructed structure, composition and the manufacturing of addressable quantum dot array in people's such as McCarthy the U.S. Patent No. 6,978,070, its content is incorporated into this for your guidance in the mode as stating fully at this.What those of ordinary skills it will be appreciated that is, the any quantum limit structure or the device that are used as low-converter in the TSOD optical filter can have described those different designs of people such as people, Futatsugi and McCarthy with Lee etc., but still can carry out the major function of optics down coversion.

The behavior of incident light under the cold conditions of TSOD optical filter 100 described among Fig. 1.Low-converter 102 absorbs incident light, and launches a wavelength again, and this wavelength is positioned at the stopband of external belt resistance optical filter 101.Therefore, any light of sending on outside direction of low-converter 102 all is reflected back toward in the device.Yet in cold conditions, the output wavelength of low-converter 102 is positioned at outside the stopband of inner band resistance optical filter 103.Therefore, any light of launching on inside direction of low-converter 102 all enters and by light-transmissive substrates 104.

Fig. 2 is the schematic cross section of the embodiment of Fig. 1, and in addition, it has described the behavior of incident light under TSOD optical filter 100 hot.Low-converter 102 absorbs incident light, and launches the wavelength outside the stopband that is positioned at external belt resistance optical filter 101 again.Therefore, any light that allows low-converter 102 to launch on outside direction is fled from.Yet in hot, the output wavelength of low-converter 102 is within the stopband of inside band resistance optical filter 103.Therefore, any light that low-converter 102 is launched on inside direction all is reflected back toward, so can not arrive or by light-transmissive substrates 104.

Therefore, in its cold conditions, TSOD optical filter 100 sees through the most of luminous energy that arrive on its outside surface, it is launched as the longer light of wavelength (for example infrared light) again pass through inside surface, and in hot, TSOD optical filter 100 is launched this energy again and is passed outside surface and penetrate back, thereby stops it effectively or it is reflected away.Therefore, TSOD optical filter 100 can be used to regulate flow of light or the radiation heat that enters structure according to the temperature of TSOD optical filter 100.

By foregoing description, persons of ordinary skill in the art will recognize that in the present embodiment light-transmissive substrates 104 is only as the former of support structure and convenience thereby existence.Under the prerequisite of the function of not obvious change TSOD optical filter 100, can remove these parts.Alternately, changing on the not very big degree under the prerequisite of its function, light-transmissive substrates 104 can be arranged on the outside surface of TSOD optical filter 100, rather than be arranged on the inside surface, perhaps, light-transmissive substrates 104 can be arranged on two surfaces, or even is inserted between one or more functional layers of TSOD optical filter 100.In addition, as depicted in figs. 1 and 2, if light-transmissive substrates 104 is positioned on the inside surface of device, it does not need to make all wavelengths to see through so, and, in fact, it can be long pass filter, short pass filter or bandpass filter (as long as the output wavelength of low-converter 102 drops in the passband of substrate 104).In other words, substrate 104 wavelength that only low-converter 104 is sent in cold conditions sees through.Yet, with the saving cost, will be simpler usually as substrate 104 for convenience with conventional light transmissive material (for example glass or acryl resin).

Fig. 3 is the graph of a relation of light intensity and wavelength, the emission spectrum, low-converter 102 of having described external light source cold conditions and hot in fluorescence spectrum or photoluminescence spectra, and be used for two band resistance optical filters 101 of an embodiment of TSOD optical filter 100 and 103 reflectance spectrums.When the temperature change of TSOD optical filter 100, the emission peak of low-converter 102 moves forward and backward, and this peak value drops in the zone of reflections of external belt resistance optical filter 101 at low temperatures, and at high temperature this peak value drops in the zone of reflections of inner band resistance optical filter 103.When medium temperature, emission band may drop on outside the zone of reflections of two optical filters 101,103.Yet under any circumstance, it can not drop in the zone of reflections of two optical filters.Therefore, depend on the temperature of TSOD optical filter 100, the light that low-converter 102 is launched or by to internal reflection, by to external reflection, or on both direction by radiation equably.

Though for convenience's sake, filtered inside sheet 103 is described as band resistance optical filter, and still, it can be replaced by long pass filter, the stopband of long pass filter has and the identical last cutoff wavelength of equivalence band resistance optical filter, and cutoff wavelength trends towards zero in principle all the time under it.Though it stops the long so that wavelength that absorbed by low-converter 102 of TSOD optical filter 100 transmission, this will not influence the major function of TSOD optical filter 100.

Equally, can design a kind of like this embodiment of TSOD optical filter 100, wherein, low-converter 102 is not thermochromism, that is, it all shows an emission peak to all temperature.In this case, on the contrary, external belt resistance optical filter 101 and inner band resistance optical filter 103 must be thermochromisms.For example, this will occur in the distributed Bragg reflector of being made by the material with high thermal expansion coefficient.Only in very large temperature range, otherwise be difficult to arrange this effect, still, this embodiment may be suitable for some application-specific.

Fig. 4 is the schematic cross section of another embodiment of TSOD optical filter 100, and is wherein gapped 105 in the low-converter 102, with allow part from the white light of external light source by TSOD optical filter 100 with changing.These gaps 105 can be the forms of hole or striped, or alternately, itself can be applied to the low-converter material in striped or the spot.Should be noted that this material may be dissolved in the solvent so, and carries out " tinting " by the masterplate that is equipped with a plurality of holes if low-converter 102 is made by liquid or microparticle material (for example, being suspended in a plurality of quantum dots in the light penetrating copolymer).Then, the same with any other coating, will allow solvent evaporation, stay have the spot pattern low-converter material of (or retainable any other pattern of masterplate).Yet, it will be appreciated by the skilled addressee that many alternative methods that are used to form gap 105, do not need here to be described in greater detail.For example, present embodiment may be useful the window that need be clear that the outside from the inside relatively.In this case, the decay of low-converter 102 or stop with watch similar by normal window screening.

The low-converter 102 of apparatus gapped 105 replaces the low-converter of homogeneous, has improved the power transfer of passing through TSOD optical filter 100 under all conditions, and therefore having reduced TSOD optical filter 100 stops photothermal ability in hot.Yet this device can may be favourable in the prior situation at cold-performance specific heat state property.

Fig. 5 is the schematic cross section of another embodiment of TSOD optical filter 100, wherein, has increased a great selection of parts, to improve the performance and the aesthetic property of device.The function of external belt resistance optical filter 101, low-converter 102, inner band resistance optical filter 103 and light-transmissive substrates 104 is identical with the described function of Fig. 2 with Fig. 1.Yet each selectable unit (SU) provides the performance that can influence whole device and/or the new function of aesthetic property.These selectable unit (SU)s are operation independently of one another all, and promptly it does not all rely on any other selectable unit (SU) and carries out its function.For convenience's sake, present embodiment will be described as having simultaneously all selectable unit (SU)s as illustrated in fig. 5, still, those of ordinary skill will be understood, can have some selectable unit (SU)s and not have some selectable unit (SU)s, possible mapping mode is very many, does not need to discuss respectively.

Before light entered external belt resistance optical filter 101, it was at first by one group of fin 108.In the simplest embodiment, these fins 108 are by lighttight, reflection or that semi-transparent material is made parallel, horizontal bar, its allow incident light with perpendicular to or pass through insusceptibly when being basically perpendicular to the angle incident on surface of TSOD optical filter 100, but restriction, stop, absorb, reflection or decay be with the light of the angle incident that is basically parallel to apparatus surface.Incident light be sunshine and TSOD optical filter 100 vertical orientations (for example, part as wall or window) in the situation, when the sun is arranged in the low latitude (for example, in winter), this device will allow more light to enter, when the sun is positioned at (for example, in summer) when high aerial, allow less light to enter.Therefore, TSOD optical filter 100 has the ability that the improved radiation heat that prevention comes from the outside in hot day enters.It will be appreciated by the skilled addressee that under the prerequisite that does not change its major function these fins can adopt various other forms.It can be with here shown in variform shape, comprise lighttight wedge and right cylinder, or the printing opacity lens of different shape.Alternately, can use on the surface that is attached to TSOD optical filter 100 or impress to make the incident light bending in its lip-deep diffraction grid, Fresnel lens or other optical device, thereby, only allow to arrive low-converter 102 with the photon of special angle access to plant.

After passing through fin 108, incident light then enters collimating apparatus 107.The purpose of collimating apparatus 107 is to make incident light " become straight ", thereby makes it all perpendicular to the Es-region propagations of TSOD optical filter 100, and it remains in the collimating apparatus 107 simultaneously.Low-converter 102 or the band arranged for the period crystals shape that is combined with precise and tiny particle, unit, particulate or layer hinder optical filter 101; 103; incident angle can produce very big influence to optical properties, and, increase collimating apparatus 107 and can help to reduce this not desired effects.The schematic form of collimating apparatus 107 can comprise the arrangement of (also being called " TV stone ") of hollow cylinder, melting cone type optical fiber or ulexite mineral, however, yet has other forms.

After passing through collimating apparatus 107, incident light enters attenuator 106.The simple form of attenuator 106 is the neutral colour filters (neutral-density filter, neutral density filter) that stop the certain percentage in the incident light of all wavelengths, thereby reduces light intensity under the not obvious prerequisite that influences its spectrum.Increase this attenuator 106 and will be reduced in the luminous energy transmission of passing through TSOD optical filter 100 in all state of temperatures, thus the ability of restricted T SOD optical filter 100 direct radiation heat in cold conditions.This may be favourable than cold-performance in prior application at hot performance.The technician will notice that for some application, it may be favourable placing miscellaneous part (for example attenuator 106 or low-converter 102) in collimating apparatus 107, although do not illustrate like this among Fig. 5.

Alternately, in other were used, use non-neutral attenuator 106 (being color filter) may be more favourable.For example, it is oversize so that can't be absorbed and reradiative light by low-converter 102 to use short pass filter to reflect away wavelength, because uncontrollable these wavelength of the switching effect based on temperature of TSOD optical filter 100.Attenuator 106 also can be the band resistance optical filter (for example distributed Bragg reflector or pectination optical filter) of reflection than the light of narrow range of wavelengths.It will reduce the amount of low-converter 102 obtainable energy slightly, this may be favourable for some application, and it also will be to " color " of the outside surface cremasteric reflex of TSOD optical filter 100, and this can be used for making color to drop on aesthetic property purpose in the visible spectrum.

In some other situation, attenuator 106 can be that photic deepening, photochromic, electricity cause deepening or electrochromic material or device, add the utility appliance that may need to operate above-mentioned material or device (for example photoelectric cell, temperature sensor, and electrochromism optical filter based on electrolytic solution is brightened and the control circuit of deepening).Attenuator 106 even can be the mechanical type attenuator, for example dimmer, curtain, or one group of skylight, add any needs operate its sensor, power supply and control system (for example temperature sensitive bimetal coil, such as in the thermometer of some type findable those).Also may in same TSOD optical filter 100, comprise a plurality of various types of attenuators.

In one embodiment, attenuator 106 can be the material of thermochromism or thermic deepening, and its transmitted spectrum, absorption spectrum and/or reflectance spectrum are with temperature change.The schematic form of thermochromic material comprises that zinc paste is (when being heated and during reflected light, from the printing opacity yellowing), liquid crystal is (when being higher than given threshold temperature, can be used to absorb or reflect a certain proportion of incident visible light) and the vanadium oxide (reflected light when being higher than threshold temperature, the content of the tungsten in partly being made up of material decides) of mixing tungsten.

In case incident light is down-converted to monochromatic light in low-converter 102, and by inner band resistance optical filter 103 and light-transmissive substrates 104, light is by color filter 109 so, and the purpose of color filter 109 is to the inside surface cremasteric reflex color of TSOD optical filter 100 for the aesthetic property purpose.In one form, color filter 109 can be a band resistance optical filter, and its stopband drops in the visible spectrum.Yet color filter 109 also can be long pass filter, short pass filter or bandpass filter, or stacked (being addition) combination of optical filter.As long as stopband of color filter 109 or the output wavelength that a plurality of stopband does not comprise low-converter 102 all will not influence the function of TSOD optical filter 100, and will be not can reducer in its cold conditions transmission of power or in it is hot, stop the ability of energy.

Another selectable unit (SU) is an external reflector 112, and it is to increase the collection area that the identical mode of the mode of collection area of object increases TSOD optical filter 100 with telescopical catoptron.External reflector 112 can adopt Any shape in essence, and can be in various external positions, and this type of position is too many, here is not described in detail.The simplest schematic form of external reflector 112 is to be placed on ground general mirror, and it upwards reflexes to light in the TSOD optical filter 100.Disputable ground, this parts are auxiliary equipments of outside intensifier or TSOD optical filter 100, rather than the parts of device itself, but the part embodiment can include the integral type parts of this reverberator 112 as TSOD optical filter 110.

Unshowned another optional Enhancement Method is that anti-reflection coating is coated on the surface of any parts in the TSOD optical filter or all parts among Fig. 5, more specifically, being coated in those refractive indexes that are exposed to extraneous air or inner air crack, gas crack (for example, the gap of argon or krypton filling) or vacuum crack or other a kind of materials is adjacent on the remarkable different interface of refractive index of material.Here using term " air-gap " is expression, comprises air-gap, gas crack and vacuum crack jointly, and, unless expressly stated otherwise,, otherwise all should explain like this.Normally, this coating is extremely thin, and on forming a great difference is arranged according to the refractive index of concrete application and two kinds of compounding ingredients.Described this technology in the prior art fully, do not needed here to describe in detail.

Fig. 6 is the schematic cross section of the another embodiment of TSOD optical filter 100, wherein, passes collector lens 110 from the white light of external light source before arriving on external belt resistance optical filter 101 and the low-converter 102.The purpose of collector lens 110 be with incident light from lens than large tracts of land project band resistance optical filter 101 and low-converter 102 than on the small size, perhaps increase optical efficiency, perhaps by allowing littler band resistance optical filter 101,103 and low-converter 102 to reduce materials demand by increasing light intensity partly.These lens 110 can be taked different shape, be designed into sphere, taper shape, cylindrical from the convex lens and the concavees lens of standard, other be designed to optically focused by different way or on zones of different optically focused or optically focused in various degree shape, and, the same with camera or telescope, can be complicated a series of lens.

Because the light of assembling (for example, the sunshine of gathering) has on fire usually or produces the danger that injures, so present embodiment also can comprise scatterer or diverging lens 111, to prevent forming focused beam from the light that TSOD optical filter 100 leaves.Identical with collector lens 110, scatterer 111 can be taked different shape, and however, these shapes are still less more restricted than the possible shape institute of collector lens, because dispersed light or scattered light are the not too big application of demand.Yet, if do not comprise scatterer 111, TSOD optical filter 100 can be used as infrared beam generator (infrared beam generator) use so, in some respects with laser instrument similar (although not being concerned with), it can be used in for example changeable culinary art and the heating arrangement (for example, the water heater of operation on suitable distance).

Those of ordinary skill will notice that for the TSOD optical filter 100 in above-mentioned any embodiment, if remove its band resistance optical filter, performance will descend so.If remove external belt resistance optical filter 101, but so TSOD optical filter 100 at it operate as normal still in the hot and intermediate state, but in its cold conditions, can not obtain energy effectively.In other words, cold conditions will show identically with intermediate state, obtain the closely projectile energy of half, and the outside is gone back in remaining energy emission.Be not the hot climate of subject matter when cold-performance, setting up and dispose this embodiment may be simpler or more cheap.

Remove inner band resistance optical filter 103 if there is external belt resistance optical filter 101, so TSOD optical filter 100 in cold conditions and intermediate state with operate as normal, but it can not stop luminous energy effectively in hot.In other words, hotly will show identically with intermediate state, nearly half projectile energy is fallen in radiation, allows second half to pass through device simultaneously.Be not in the cold climate of subject matter when hot performance, setting up and dispose this embodiment may be simpler or more cheap.In two kinds of situations, when thermochromism attenuator 106 as the part of TSOD optical filter 100 and when being included, can improve the changeable property of device.

In exemplary embodiment, collector lens 110 and diverging lens 111 can be made by the dull and stereotyped polymkeric substance (for example PMMA) of printing opacity, etching has the Fresnel pattern, and band resistance optical filter 101,103 and 109 by the multilayer light penetrating copolymer (for example can be, PS and PMMA) DBR that forms, low-converter 102 can be made of the semiconductor-quantum-point particulate (for example, cadmium telluride nanoparticle) that is suspended in the light penetrating copolymer (for example PS).Fin 108 can be made by the reflection polymkeric substance of white; Collimating apparatus 107 can be made by melting cone type optical fiber; And light-transmissive substrates 104 can be made by light penetrating copolymer.Attenuator 106 can be made by the vanadium oxide film of mixing tungsten.Whole TSOD optical filter 100 can form and can invest the printing opacity building materials () rigid plate or flexible transfer film for example, glass pane, glass spandrel and glass block, perhaps the renovation as existing structure improves, perhaps as the building structure that can independently install.

Alternately, collector lens 110 and diverging lens 111 be capable of being combined to become single part, for example, and the light transmissive rob or the optical fiber of middle very thin two ends expansion.This device makes and can substitute light transparent member (for example substrate 104) with the light tight parts that fiber array passes completely through.Can be for cost, improve insulativity, structural strength or carry out this operation for other reasons.

Fig. 7 is the schematic cross section of the another embodiment of TSOD optical filter 100, wherein, removed inner band resistance optical filter 103, and external belt resistance optical filter 101 is combined into single part with light-transmissive substrates 104.In addition, low-converter 102 is positioned at " interior of building " surface or near this surface, and thermochromism attenuator 106 is positioned at " buildings outside " surface of device or towards the one side of the sun, or near this surface.

For this paper, should be understood that term " thermochromism attenuator " should be understood that not only to comprise the passive device that changes color, opaqueness, attenuation degree or reflectivity in response to temperature, but also comprise complex appts with a plurality of parts.For example, combination has the electrochromism attenuator of power supply, control system and temperature sensor will have and natural thermochromic material identical functions, and can use interchangeably with it, although this device does not illustrate in Fig. 7 like that.

In the present embodiment, white light enters attenuator 106, and these light are absorbed or reflect in hot, thereby allows minimum radiation or do not allow radiation to enter the inside of TSOD optical filter 100.In cold conditions, thermochromism attenuator 106 is more permeable, thereby permission radiation (for example sunshine) is by light-transmissive substrates 104 and inject low-converter 102.

Different with other embodiments, the thermochromism low-converter 102 in the present embodiment changes into longer infrared wavelength (being typically greater than 5000nm) with incident radiation, thereby when low temperature, its output radiation is reflected by substrate 104.This allows substrate 104 as band resistance optical filter 101, thereby the whole output of low-converter 102 is reflected from the inside of TSOD optical filter 100, and is reflected away by inside surface.When higher temperature, the output of low-converter 102 is moved towards low frequency, till the radiation of crossing threshold temperature and send begins to surpass the cutoff wavelength of substrate 104, thereby drops in its passband.For specific transparent glass and plastics, this passband appears between the wavelength of about 200nm and about 5000nm.In other words, substrate can transmit the radiation between these two wavelength, and is impenetrable (normally reflection) to the radiation of being longer than or being shorter than this wavelength.Yet in hot, attenuator 106 will limit or stop radiation to arrive low-converter 102, launch thereby limit it again.

An advantage of this device is that under the prerequisite of the major function that does not change low-converter 102, any color can be painted with any chemical coating in essence in " interior of building " surface of low-converter 102.This is with similar to old-fashioned steam radiator spraying.Alternately, inside surface can be covered with gypsum, plaster or other processing, and it can have or not have pigment.

In addition, present embodiment comprises the layer of optional printing opacity insulator 113.In an exemplary embodiment, this insulation course can be made up of silica aerogel, may be encapsulated by other light transmissive materials.Yet, also can use other light transmissive materials, include but not limited to glass or polymeric beads or hollow ball, no matter blister-pack or be the light transmissive material sheet of rigidity or flexible sequential cascade, it interrupts heat conduction and thermal convection, but very little to the influence of the radiation delivery of visible light and near infrared light.

Fig. 8 is the schematic cross section of another embodiment of the present invention, and wherein, light-transmissive substrates 104 and external belt resistance optical filter 101 are combined into single part as shown in Figure 7, and low-converter 102 and thermochromism attenuator 106 are combined into single part.

In the present embodiment, attenuator 106 can adopt reflection in hot (for example, white, metal or minute surface) and absorb the thermochromism of (for example black) or the form of electrochromic material in cold conditions.For schematic purpose, Fig. 8 shows the attenuator 106 as electrochromic material, and its color is by power supply 115, temperature sensor 116 and controller 117 controls.In one embodiment, power supply 115 is photoelectric cells, temperature sensor 116 is solid-state electric transducer (for example thermopairs), attenuator 106 and low-converter 102 are made up of double-colored hard contrast electrochromic material (for example Electronic Paper), and controller 117 is the circuit that are connected with temperature sensor 116 by lead-in wire and power supply 115.The method that is used for the color of sensing temperature, adjusting photovoltaic energy (photovoltaic energy) and control electrochromic material is well known in the prior art, and does not need here to be described in detail.

When white light (for example sunshine) when entering light-transmissive substrates 104, it is by attenuator 106, and this attenuator reflects this incident white light in hot, thereby this white light passes through light-transmissive substrates 104 separating devices.In cold conditions, incident radiation is attenuated device 106 and absorbs, and then, the energy as long wavelength infrared is also launched in this attenuator heating again.Therefore, attenuator 106 also is used as a kind of form of low-converter 102.

When this energy was launched as infrared ray by low-converter 102 in cold conditions again, energy then reflected away from light-transmissive substrates 104, as shown in Figure 7, and left by " interior of building " surface of TSOD optical filter 100.Alternately, energy can arrive on optional mirror or the broadband reflection device 114, and it is with energy once more in the reflected back low-converter 102.The reader will notice that in this case, infrared light can't be fled from the low-converter layer, and all inner heating only realize by heat conduction.In this case, the geometric configuration of device and form is designed such that usually conduction mainly appears on the direction of expectation (entering the direction of buildings), and has minimum loss in the other direction.

In alternative embodiments, attenuator 106 is light absorbing in cold conditions, and is (for example, permeable or semi-transparent mistake) of transmission light in hot.In the present embodiment, in hot, the incident white light is by attenuator 106 and arrive on the mirror 114, mirror with white light by light-transmissive substrates 104 reflected backs.In cold conditions, light is trapped within the above-mentioned low-converter then by down coversion.Yet this structure is especially effective for stoping heat (promptly in hot with the emittance directed outwards) in hot.

Fig. 8 also shows additional selectable unit (SU): absorb heats and discharge the store energy material 118 of this heat again after one period long period from low-converter 102.In one embodiment, store energy material 118 is the phase-change materials that have very large heat of fusion, and fusing point is chosen to approach room temperature, or approaches some other preferred temperature.This material (normally wax or special-purpose salt) keeps constant temperature, only liquefies fully or full solidification, therefore, can eliminate the great variety in the incident radiation well.A kind of schematic phase-change wax that can be used for store energy is common paraffin.In some was implemented, saltcake (Disodium sulfate decahydrate) was the salt that typically can be used for store energy.

Fig. 9 is the schematic cross section of another embodiment of TSOD optical filter 100, and wherein, thermochromism attenuator 106 is positioned on the inside surface of light-transmissive substrates 104, rather than is positioned on its outside surface.In addition, band resistance optical filter 101 and printing opacity insulator 113 are combined into single part.This layer separates attenuator 106 with interior of building, thereby the energy that attenuator absorbs in hot can be radiated in the interior of building once more.Ideally, the insulating resistance value of insulator 113 is obviously greater than the insulating resistance value of substrate 104, thereby the conduction heat that spreads out of from attenuator mainly enters the buildings outside, rather than enters interior of building.This device also makes it possible to (comprise window and glass brick wall with this device as the light transmissive material parts that exist in the past easily, and glass spandrel) renovation improves, change it into wall-element active, thermal conditioning, its permission or do not allow visible light to pass through.

In cold conditions, in case incident light is by substrate 104, attenuator 106 and insulator 113/ band resistance reverberator 101, it arrives low-converter 102, herein, it is converted into infrared ray, by radiation again, and from being with resistance reverberator 101 to be reflected, thereby energy leads to interior of building rather than buildings outside.Can have air-gap between low-converter 102 and insulator 113/ band resistance reverberator 101, however, this is so ineffective usually, because the major part of the energy that low-converter discharges all is used for heating this air-gap, rather than enters interior of building yet.In extreme case, object and surface in the interior of building itself can be used as low-converter, and efficient was lower when however it was as low-converter, unless it is high-absorbable and high radiativity in essence.Yet in this case, the air of air-gap and interior of building is identical.

Figure 10 has described the exemplary embodiment of TSOD optical filter 100 of the glass spandrel form of the outside coating that is used for buildings.Spandrel normally has the part of glass appearance (however also can use light-proof material), it is across the partial building between the window and seem also as window, but in fact, it comprises the zone (for example, the space behind the floor heating radiator of the space of furred ceiling top and window below) of buildings housing mechanical part.The plate that can comprise as shown in figure 10, the ordinary window glass 104 of close thermochromism attenuator 106 from the spandrel layer of the outside beginning of buildings.The inside surface of thermochromism attenuator 106 can scribble the low-emissivity film 101 (for example indium tin oxide target) as the band resistance.In this spandrel embodiment, for the function that realizes TSOD optical filter 100, this low emissivity coatings 101 is that optionally still as described below, it may be very helpful.

Blackbody radiator (for example, the steel plate of blacking) can be used as low-converter 102, and can separate to form air-gap 113 with thermochromism attenuator 106.Air-gap 113 is as the printing opacity insulator of discussing in the above-mentioned embodiment.First low emissivity coatings 101 helps reduce heating to air-gap 113 by stoping most of infrared energy in the incident light to arrive air-gap 113, thereby improves the heat-proof quality of air-gap 113.Second low emissivity coatings 103 (for example, indium tin oxide target) covers the outside surface of low-converter 102, to hinder as band.As shown in figure 10, the second thermochromism attenuator 119 can insert in the air-gap 113 between the low-converter 102 and the first thermochromism attenuator 106 alternatively.If used the second thermochromism attenuator, so its should with store energy material 118 thermo-contact directly or indirectly, with the temperature variation of response energy storage material 118.

Backboard 120 forms the inside surface of spandrel.Backboard 120 can be another glass plate or plastic plate or sheet metal.Backboard 120 separates with low-converter 102, to form the gap.Fill the gap with store energy material 118 (for example, being used for storing and discharging the wax or the salt of heat energy).Also can handle the inside surface that (for example, pigment or thin plaster) covers backboard 120 by aesthetics surfaces.

In operation, the first thermochromism attenuator 106 of close glass 104 may be selected to and has such transition temperature in the spandrel outside, for example, when the peripheral outer temperature was higher than 0 ℃ to 10 ℃, the first thermochromism attenuator 106 stoped incident light under this transition temperature.Like this, appropriateness warm the sky or hot day, incident light not by spandrel with heating building.Yet for example, when the peripheral outer temperature was lower than 0 ℃ to 10 ℃, thermochromism attenuator 106 made incident light pass through TSOD optical filter 100 and arrives low-converter 102.Low-converter 102 absorbs incident light and launches the energy at infrared wavelength place.The most of infrared energy of second low emissivity coatings, 103 reflections from low-converter 102 emissions, and stop this energy to leave the TSOD optical filter 100 of buildings outside.Therefore, the major part of the infrared energy of low-converter 102 emissions all is directed to store energy phase-change material 118.

Phase-change material 118 saves as heat energy with infrared energy, and this heat energy is passed to interior of building via the conduction by backboard 120.As long as the internal temperature of buildings is lower than the temperature of phase-change material 118, heat conduction all just heat be passed to buildings from phase-change material 118.Yet in case phase-change material 118 melts fully, it just can not absorb any extra heat energy, and can give buildings with any unnecessary heat energy radiation, and this is because air-gap 113 stops the outside of a large amount of thermal energy transfer to buildings effectively.Before interior of building reached the room temperature of expectation, this heat loss situation may be an acceptable.Yet if TSOD optical filter 100 is not further controlled, in the heat loss process, phase-change material 118 may make buildings overheat.

The second thermochromism attenuator 119 can be set alternatively, to regulate potential heat loss and to prevent that buildings is overheated.In this embodiment, it approximately is room temperature that the transition temperature of the second thermochromism attenuator 119 may be selected to, for example 20 ℃.Therefore, when being lower than room temperature, the second thermochromism attenuator 119 will make all incident lights all pass through to arrive low-converter 102, with heating phase-change material 118.Note, since the existence of air-gap 113, the second thermochromism attenuator 119 and peripheral outer temperature isolation, and can only be by heating with the heat conduction of phase-change material 118 and interior of building.Yet, also phase-change material 118 and low-converter 102 also reach room temperature thus in case interior of building reaches room temperature, the second thermochromism attenuator 119 changes the prevention incident light into and arrives low-converter 102, even also be so in cold conditions as shown in figure 10, thereby prevent heat loss and prevent superheated interior of building.

Though illustrated and described the several embodiments of TSOD optical filter here, should be appreciated that the TSOD optical filter is not limited to these particular configuration.Can increase or remove selectable unit (SU), adapting to the demand of concrete application or concrete manufacture method, and, for example, can be by removing the reduced form that parts produce some embodiments, for example in an embodiment that comprises two band resistance optical filters usually, remove a band resistance optical filter.Can use a large amount of various other materials to make the TSOD optical filter, comprise the photonic material of metal, pottery, glass, nanostructured and microstructure, even comprise ice, liquid and steam.The TSOD optical filter can comprise the feature that is designed to strengthen its insulative properties, includes but not limited to air-gap, gas crack, vacuum crack, foam, pearl, fiber mat or aerogel.It can be enough thick and has enough rigidity, with the structure member as vehicle or building walls.It can be wound in or be formed on the complex surface.Available color strengthens its aesthetic property, or it is disguised oneself as looks like more traditional building materials.Can increase thermochromism pigment to some surface, with indication when hot or cold.Can increase mechanical reinforce to directional component again, or make it towards incident light or deviate from incident light, or change its wavelength response or apparent thickness.Under the prerequisite of primary structure that does not change the TSOD optical filter and function, the accurate layout of various layers can be with described herein different, and, (according to selected material and wavelength) different layers can be combined to single layer, object, device or material (for example, also being simultaneously the energy absorption phase-change material of thermochromism attenuator or band resistance reverberator).

Though foregoing description comprises many features,, these all can not be interpreted as having limited scope of the present invention, and should be interpreted as only providing the illustration of some exemplary embodiment of the present invention.Exist with the different materials manufacturing installation and device is made the various possibilities of different structure.For example, this structure can be expandable, perhaps can be optimised for and can use under water, or use in a vacuum rather than in normal air.Band resistance optical filter can be thermochromism, and is alternative or increase any thermochromic properties of low-converter.Though the effect of up-conversion is usually than down coversion difference,, also available upconverter replaces low-converter in certain applications, if when especially the development of up-conversion technology has improved the effect of upconversion process.This embodiment is as a part of the present invention and by claimed clearly.

Other modification that have the central principle of the operation that does not influence the TSOD optical filter in a large number.For example, low-converter can be made up of homogenous material (for example, phosphorus or silicon), can be made up of compound semiconductor (for example cadmium telluride), perhaps can be made up of the material (including but not limited to the customization photonic crystal) of doping, nanostructured or microstructure.Low-converter can be monocrystal, polycrystal or metamict crystals.It can be quantum well, one group of quantum line, or " crystal " be made up of regularly spaced quantum dot.Even can think that in the some other medium except solid polymer, low-converter can be liquid, steam, or the suspending liquid of nanoparticle, nano wire, nano flake etc.One or more band resistance optical filters can be molded non-planar (for example, parabola shaped), or the reverberator of combinative other shapes or similar device, to help focusing on incident light from all angles.

The present invention can strengthen by careful location TSOD optical filter as the effect of heat regulation building materials, for example, by placing it under the eaves on the south, house, make the TSOD optical filter in winter, also can be subjected to sufficient sunshine, and, be positioned at when high aerial in sun in summer, it can be blocked by eaves.Alternately, the TSOD optical filter can be used to substitute traditional skylight, or as the plate or the applique that invest simple glass window or glass block.

Though the concrete to a certain extent above or one or more independent embodiments of reference are described the embodiments of the present invention, but those skilled in the art can carry out various modifications to disclosed embodiment under the prerequisite that does not deviate from essence of the present invention or scope.All directions references (for example, near-end, far-end, top, following, the inside, outside, upwards, downwards, the left side, the right side, laterally, front, back, top, bottom, top, below, vertical, level, clockwise and counterclockwise) only be used to the purpose of taking one's bearings, to help reader understanding the present invention, do not produce restriction, especially position of the present invention, orientation or use are not produced restriction.Unless stated otherwise, can broadly make an explanation otherwise connect with reference to (for example, invest, engage, connect and in conjunction with), it can comprise between intermediate member between the set of pieces and these elements can relative motion.Similarly, connecting reference is not to hint the directly connection and fixed relative to one another of two elements.Comprise in the foregoing description or all the elements illustrated in the accompanying drawings are intended to be construed as merely schematically, rather than restrictive.Under the prerequisite of the fundamental of the present invention that does not deviate from claims and limited, can make amendment or change details or structure.

Claims (75)

1. thermal switch formula optical filter comprises:

Substrate;

Low-converter, by described substrate supports, wherein, described low-converter absorbs the incident light with wide bandwidth, and emission light, the basic or complete wavelength greater than described wide bandwidth of described radiative emission wavelength; And

The first band resistance optical filter, by described substrate supports, wherein, when the temperature of described thermal switch formula optical filter is in first scope, the described first band resistance optical filter stops described emission light, and when the temperature of described thermal switch formula optical filter was in second scope, the described first band resistance optical filter passed through described emission light.

2. thermal switch formula optical filter according to claim 1 further comprises:

Outside surface receives described incident light; And

Inside surface, wherein

When the temperature of described first scope was hanged down than the temperature of described second scope, described emission light left described thermal switch formula optical filter from described inside surface.

3. thermal switch formula optical filter according to claim 1 further comprises:

Outside surface receives described incident light; And

Inside surface, wherein

When the temperature of described first scope was higher than the temperature of described second scope, described emission light left described thermal switch formula optical filter from described outside surface.

4. thermal switch formula optical filter according to claim 1 further comprises:

Outside surface receives described incident light; And

Inside surface, wherein

When the temperature of described thermal switch formula optical filter was between described first scope and described second scope, described emission light left described thermal switch formula optical filter from described inside surface and described outside surface.

5. thermal switch formula optical filter according to claim 1 further comprises:

The second band resistance optical filter, by described substrate supports, wherein, when the temperature of described thermal switch formula optical filter is in described first scope, the described second band resistance optical filter passes through described emission light, and when the temperature of described thermal switch formula optical filter was in described second scope, the described second band resistance optical filter stoped described emission light.

6. thermal switch formula optical filter according to claim 5 further comprises:

Outside surface receives described incident light; And

Inside surface, wherein

When the temperature of described first scope was hanged down than the temperature of described second scope, described emission light left described thermal switch formula optical filter from described inside surface.

7. thermal switch formula optical filter according to claim 5 further comprises:

Outside surface receives described incident light; And

Inside surface, wherein

When the temperature of described first scope was higher than the temperature of described second scope, described emission light left described thermal switch formula optical filter from described outside surface.

8. thermal switch formula optical filter according to claim 5 further comprises:

Outside surface receives described incident light; And

Inside surface, wherein

When the temperature of described thermal switch optical filter was between described first scope and described second scope, described emission light left described thermal switch formula optical filter from described inside surface and described outside surface.

9. thermal switch formula optical filter according to claim 5 further comprises:

Long pass filter, by described substrate supports, wherein, when the temperature of described thermal switch formula optical filter is in described first scope, described long pass filter passes through described emission light, and when the temperature of described thermal switch formula optical filter was in described second scope, described long pass filter stoped described emission light.

10. thermal switch formula optical filter according to claim 1, wherein, described low-converter is a blackbody radiator.

11. thermal switch formula optical filter according to claim 1, wherein, described low-converter is fluorescent material, phosphor material or embedded photoluminescent material.

12. thermal switch formula optical filter according to claim 1, wherein, described low-converter comprises a plurality of quantum limit devices that are embedded in the light transmissive material.

13. thermal switch formula optical filter according to claim 1, wherein, described low-converter is limited with opening, and described incident light passes through described opening in non-absorbent mode.

14. thermal switch formula optical filter according to claim 1, wherein, described substrate is a printing opacity.

15. thermal switch formula optical filter according to claim 1, wherein, described low-converter is thermochromism, and described emission wavelength changes according to the temperature of described low-converter.

16. thermal switch formula optical filter according to claim 1, wherein, the described first band resistance optical filter is thermochromism.

17. thermal switch formula optical filter according to claim 6, wherein, each in described first band resistance optical filter and the described second band resistance optical filter all is thermochromisms.

18. thermal switch formula optical filter according to claim 1, wherein, the emission wavelength of described low-converter appears in the visible spectrum.

19. thermal switch formula optical filter according to claim 1, wherein, the emission wavelength of described low-converter appears in the infrared spectrum.

20. thermal switch formula optical filter according to claim 1 wherein, is chosen as the emission wavelength of described low-converter so that obtain best chemical reaction catalytic action or particular optical effect.

21. thermal switch formula optical filter according to claim 1, wherein, described substrate is flexible fabric or polymer sheet.

22. thermal switch formula optical filter according to claim 1, wherein, described substrate is a glass, or printing opacity or semi-transparent rigid polymer material.

23. thermal switch formula optical filter according to claim 1 further comprises being configured to the lead external reflector of outside surface of described thermal switch formula optical filter of described incident light.

24. thermal switch formula optical filter according to claim 1, further comprise a plurality of fins that the outside surface with described thermal switch formula optical filter is provided with angledly, partly to limit, stop, absorb, to reflect or the described incident light of decaying, make it can not arrive described outside surface.

25. thermal switch formula optical filter according to claim 1 further comprises the attenuator that stops a certain proportion of incident light on the described wide bandwidth.

26. thermal switch formula optical filter according to claim 25, wherein, described attenuator comprises liquid-crystal apparatus thermochromism or thermic.

27. thermal switch formula optical filter according to claim 25, wherein, described attenuator comprises the light reflecting material of thermochromism.

28. thermal switch formula optical filter according to claim 25, wherein, described attenuator comprises the infrared reflection material of thermochromism.

29. thermal switch formula optical filter according to claim 27 further comprises:

Control system;

Power supply is connected with described attenuator with described control system; And

One or more sensors are connected with described control system; Wherein

Described attenuator further comprises electrochromic material, and described control system activates described electrochromic material based on the feedback of described sensor so that described incident light by or stop described incident light to arrive described low-converter.

30. thermal switch formula optical filter according to claim 27 further comprises:

Control system;

Power supply is connected with described low-converter with described control system; And

One or more sensors are connected with described control system; Wherein

Described low-converter further comprises electrochromic material, and described control system activates described electrochromic material based on the feedback of described sensor, to change described radiative emission wavelength.

31. thermal switch formula optical filter according to claim 1 further comprises the collimating apparatus of described incident light towards the outside surface orientation of described thermal switch formula optical filter.

32. thermal switch formula optical filter according to claim 1 further comprises described incident light is focused on collector lens on the outside surface of described thermal switch formula optical filter.

33. thermal switch formula optical filter according to claim 32 further comprises scatterer or diverging lens that the radiative intensity of launching from described thermal switch formula optical filter is disperseed.

34. thermal switch formula optical filter according to claim 1 further comprises the color filter on the inside surface that covers described thermal switch formula optical filter or in the outside surface one or two.

35. thermal switch formula optical filter according to claim 1 further comprises the anti-reflection coating on the inside surface that covers described thermal switch formula optical filter or in the outside surface one or two.

36. thermal switch formula optical filter according to claim 1 further comprises the thermofin by described substrate supports.

37. thermal switch formula optical filter according to claim 36, wherein, described thermofin further comprises air-gap.

38. thermal switch formula optical filter according to claim 1 further is included in the described radiative broadband reflection device of described thermal switch formula optical filter internal reflection.

39. thermal switch formula optical filter according to claim 1 further comprises the store energy material by described substrate supports.

40. a thermal switch formula optical filter comprises:

The first band resistance filter layer;

The second band resistance filter layer;

Thermochromism low-converter layer is clipped between described first band resistance filter layer and the described second band resistance filter layer, wherein

Described low-converter layer absorbs the incident light with wide bandwidth, and emission light, the basic or complete wavelength of described radiative emission wavelength greater than described wide bandwidth, and

Described emission wavelength is according to the temperature change of described low-converter layer; And

Light-transmissive substrates supports the described first band resistance filter layer, described second band resistance filter layer and the described thermochromism low-converter layer, wherein

When the temperature of described low-converter layer is lower than the first threshold temperature, the described first band resistance filter layer stops described emission light, and when the temperature of described low-converter layer was higher than second threshold temperature, the described first band resistance filter layer passed through described emission light; And

When the temperature of described low-converter layer is lower than described first threshold temperature, the described second band resistance filter layer passes through described emission light, and when the temperature of described low-converter layer was higher than described second threshold temperature, the described second band resistance filter layer stoped described emission light.

41. according to the described thermal switch formula of claim 40 optical filter, wherein, the emission wavelength of described low-converter appears in the visible spectrum.

42. according to the described thermal switch formula of claim 40 optical filter, wherein, the emission wavelength of described low-converter appears in the infrared spectrum.

43. a spandrel comprises according to the described thermal switch formula of claim 40 optical filter.

44. a window comprises according to the described thermal switch formula of claim 40 optical filter.

45. a spandrel comprises:

Pane of glass forms the outside plate of described spandrel;

The first thermochromism attenuator covers on the inside surface of described pane of glass;

Non-reflecting plate near described thermochromism attenuator, absorbs the incident light by described pane of glass and described attenuator, with described incident light to down coversion and send light on the emission wavelength;

The printing opacity insulation course is arranged between described thermochromism attenuator and the described non-reflecting plate;

First low emissivity coatings is positioned on the outside surface of described non-reflecting plate;

Backboard forms the inner panel of described spandrel, separates near described non-reflecting plate and with described non-reflecting plate; And

The store energy material is clipped between described non-reflecting plate and the described backboard.

46., further comprise second low emissivity coatings on the inside surface that is positioned at described thermochromism attenuator according to the described spandrel of claim 45.

47. according to the described spandrel of claim 45, wherein, described printing opacity insulation course is an air-gap.

48. according to the described spandrel of claim 45, wherein, described non-reflecting plate is coated with black.

49. according to the described spandrel of claim 45, wherein, described thermochromism attenuator comprises liquid crystal board.

50. according to the described spandrel of claim 45, wherein, described thermochromism attenuator comprises the film of the light reflecting material of thermochromism.

51. according to the described spandrel of claim 45, wherein, described thermochromism attenuator comprises the film of the infrared reflection material of thermochromism.

52., further comprise the second thermochromism attenuator that is arranged between described printing opacity insulation course and the described low emissivity coatings according to the described spandrel of claim 45.

53. according to the described spandrel of claim 45, wherein, the transition temperature that the described second thermochromism attenuator has is than the transition temperature height of the described first thermochromism attenuator.

54. according to the described spandrel of claim 45, wherein, described backboard comprises glass plate, plastic plate or sheet metal.

55., comprise that further the aesthetics surfaces on the inboard that is applied to described backboard is handled according to the described spandrel of claim 45.

56. according to the described spandrel of claim 45, wherein, described store energy material comprises phase-change material.

57. according to the described spandrel of claim 56, wherein, described phase-change material comprises one or more waxes or salt.

58. a window comprises:

First pane of glass;

First low emissivity coatings is positioned on the surface of described first pane of glass;

Thermochromism low-converter film is supported by described first pane of glass, wherein

Described thermochromism low-converter film absorbs the incident light with wide bandwidth, and emission light, the basic or complete wavelength of described radiative emission wavelength greater than described wide bandwidth, and

Described emission wavelength changes according to the temperature of described low-converter layer; And

When the temperature of described window was in first scope, described first low emissivity coatings stoped described emission light, and when the temperature of described window was in second scope, described first low emissivity coatings passed through described emission light.

59. according to the described window of claim 58, further comprise second low emissivity coatings that is positioned on the described thermochromism low-converter film, compare with described first low emissivity coatings, described second low emissivity coatings is positioned on the opposite side of described thermochromism low-converter film.

60., further comprise according to the described window of claim 58:

Second low emissivity coatings is positioned on the described thermochromism low-converter film, compares with described first low emissivity coatings, and described second low emissivity coatings is positioned on the opposite side of described thermochromism low-converter film;

Second pane of glass separates with described thermochromism low-converter film; And

The printing opacity insulation course is clipped between described second pane of glass and the described thermochromism low-converter film.

61. according to the described window of claim 60, wherein, described printing opacity insulation course is an air-gap.

62. according to the described window of claim 60, wherein,

When the temperature of described thermochromism low-converter film is lower than the first threshold temperature, described first low emissivity coatings stops described emission light, and when the temperature of described thermochromism low-converter film was higher than second threshold temperature, described first low emissivity coatings passed through described emission light; And,

When the temperature of described thermochromism low-converter film is lower than described first threshold temperature, described second low emissivity coatings passes through described emission light, and, when the temperature of described thermochromism low-converter film was higher than described second threshold temperature, described second low emissivity coatings stoped described emission light.

63., further comprise according to the described window of claim 58:

Second pane of glass separates with described thermochromism low-converter layer;

Second low emissivity coatings is positioned on described second pane of glass; And

The printing opacity insulation course is clipped between described second pane of glass and described first low emissivity coatings.

64. according to the described window of claim 63, wherein, described printing opacity insulation course is an air-gap.

65. according to the described window of claim 63, wherein,

When the temperature of described thermochromism low-converter film is lower than the first threshold temperature, described first low emissivity coatings stops described emission light, and when the temperature of described thermochromism low-converter film was higher than second threshold temperature, described first low emissivity coatings passed through described emission light; And,

When the temperature of described thermochromism low-converter film is lower than described first threshold temperature, described second low emissivity coatings passes through described emission light, and, when the temperature of described thermochromism low-converter film was higher than described second threshold temperature, described second low emissivity coatings stoped described emission light.

66., further comprise the thermochromism attenuator that supports by described first pane of glass according to the described window of claim 58.

67. according to the described window of claim 66, wherein, described thermochromism attenuator is arranged between described first pane of glass and described first low emissivity coatings, wherein, described first low emissivity coatings covers the surface of described thermochromism attenuator, rather than covers the surface of described first pane of glass.

68. according to the described window of claim 66, wherein, described thermochromism attenuator comprises liquid crystal board.

69. according to the described window of claim 66, wherein, described thermochromism attenuator comprises the film of the light reflecting material of thermochromism.

70. according to the described window of claim 66, wherein, described thermochromism attenuator comprises the film of the infrared reflection material of thermochromism.

71. according to the described window of claim 58, wherein, described thermochromism low-converter film is limited with a plurality of light openings.

72. a method that is used to regulate flow of light and radiant heat flux said method comprising the steps of:

Utilize low-converter to absorb incident light on a plurality of wavelength;

With described incident light with basic or launch from described low-converter greater than the emission wavelength of described incident light wavelength fully; And

The light that utilizes the reflection of one or more band resistance optical filter to be launched, wherein,

In the time of in environment temperature is in first scope, the light of being launched is escaped along inside direction;

In the time of in environment temperature is in second scope, the light of being launched is escaped along outside direction; And

When environment temperature was between described first scope and described second scope, the light of being launched was escaped along inwardly reaching outside both direction.

73. according to the described method of claim 72, further comprise utilize the thermochromism attenuator not have the seedbed based on described environment temperature and optionally make described incident light by and stop described incident light.

74. one kind is used to regulate the buildings method of temperature, comprises:

Utilization comprises that the composite material of low-converter layer and one or more band resistance optical filter covers the outside surface of at least a portion of described buildings;

Incident light on a plurality of wavelength is absorbed in the described low-converter layer;

Described incident light is launched from described low-converter layer with Infrared wavelength; And

The light that utilizes the reflection of one or more band resistance optical filter to be launched, wherein,

When environment temperature was lower than the first threshold temperature, the light of being launched was escaped along inside direction;

When environment temperature was higher than second threshold temperature, the light of being launched was escaped along outside direction; And

When environment temperature was between described first threshold temperature and described second threshold temperature, the light of being launched was escaped along inside and outside both direction.

75. according to the described method of claim 74, wherein, described covering further comprises thermochromism attenuator layer, and, described method further comprise utilize described thermochromism attenuator layer not have the seedbed based on described environment temperature and optionally make described incident light by and stop described incident light.

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