CN101641558A - Falling film evaporator - Google Patents
Falling film evaporator Download PDFInfo
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- CN101641558A CN101641558A CN200780050796A CN200780050796A CN101641558A CN 101641558 A CN101641558 A CN 101641558A CN 200780050796 A CN200780050796 A CN 200780050796A CN 200780050796 A CN200780050796 A CN 200780050796A CN 101641558 A CN101641558 A CN 101641558A
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Abstract
Falling film and hybrid falling film evaporators are provided for use in a two-phase refrigeration system or process system. The evaporator includes a shell having an upper portion, a lower portion, and a tube bundle having tubes extending substantially horizontally in the shell. A hood disposed over the tube bundle has an upper end adjacent the upper portion above the tube bundle, the upper end having opposed substantially parallel walls extending toward the lower portion, the walls terminating at an open end opposite the upper end. Once liquid refrigerant or liquid refrigerant and vapor refrigerant is deposited onto the tube bundle, the substantially parallel walls of the hood substantially prevent cross flow of refrigerant vapor or liquid and vapor between the tubes of the tube bundle.A flow distributor disposed adjacent the open end between the hood and the shell modifies the refrigerant flow, providing more uniform refrigerant flow distribution.
Description
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED PATENT
The application requires respectively the U.S. Provisional Application No.60/871 that submits on December 21st, 2006 and on February 17th, 2007, and 303 and No.60/890,473 and in the U.S. non-provisional application No.11/962 of submission on December 21st, 2007,605 rights and interests.
Technical field
The application is generally directed to the falling liquid film in refrigeration, air-conditioning and cooling water system or the process system and mixes the falling film evaporator system.
Background technology
Some process system, and refrigeration, air-conditioning and cooling water system comprise an evaporimeter that is used for plaing a part thermal energy transfer between the cold-producing medium of this system and another fluid to be cooled.One type evaporimeter comprises shell, and this shell has a plurality of pipes of the tube bank of forming, and fluid to be cooled is recycled by this tube bank.Make cold-producing medium contact, cause the thermal energy transfer between fluid to be cooled and cold-producing medium with the outside or the outer surface of tube bank in the shell.In traditional evaporimeter, cold-producing medium is heated and is converted into vapor state, and this steam is sent back to compressor then, herein steam is compressed, thereby begins another kind of refrigeration cycle.The fluid that is cooled is circulated to a plurality of heat exchangers that are positioned at whole building.Hotter air flows through heat exchanger, and the fluid that is cooled herein is heated the air that has cooled off building simultaneously, and Returning evaporimeter is to repeat this process then.
For example, the evaporimeter of some types, wherein cold-producing medium boiling outside pipe comprises submerged evaporimeter (flooded evaporator), falling film evaporator and mixes falling film evaporator.In traditional submerged evaporimeter, be filled with a pool boiling liquid refrigerant housing parts, tube bank is immersed in the liquid refrigerant.
In traditional falling film evaporator, a distributor forms a liquid refrigerant layer (or film) by such as spraying the tube-surface that a large amount of liquid refrigerants is deposited to tube bank from the position on tube bank at tube-surface.Cold-producing medium is with the upper tube surface of the two-phase state contact tube bundle of liquid or liquid and steam, and by gravity, falls vertically on the tube-surface of the pipe that is arranged in the bottom.
Traditional mixing falling film evaporator by submergence than the pipe of the tube bank of flooded evaporator smaller scale, be similar to falling film evaporator simultaneously and will be ejected on the upper tube by fluid, thereby combine the feature of falling film evaporator and flooded evaporator.
A problem of falling film evaporator and the efficient running of mixing falling film evaporator is, significantly expands on a part of fluid evaporator and the volume.The fluid that is evaporated expands on all directions, the result by with the effect of liquid fluid at gravity under the crosscut of perpendicular flow direction or the fluid that is evaporated to the direction of small part crosscut cause cross flow one or move.Cross flow one causes the pipe of restraining insufficient wetting, the result significantly reduce with pipe in tube bank in the heat transmission of the fluid to be cooled that flows.
Another problem is, comprises droplets entrained if be evaporated fluid, and compressor may be damaged so, and described compressor receives from the fluid that is evaporated in the exit that typically forms on evaporimeter top and supplies with.Must provide member so that the separation between steam and the drop to be provided.Yet these members have increased the complexity and the cost of system, also may cause undesirable pressure to fall before vaporous cryogen arrives compressor.
Needed is such falling film evaporator and mixing falling film evaporator, they can prevent the cross flow one that expanded and to be caused by evaporative fluid substantially, and also require than the flooded evaporator that is used for drop separation, than the littler space of existing design of traditional flooded evaporator or submergence film or mixing evaporator.
The expection advantage of system of the present disclosure and/or method satisfies one or more these demands or other favorable characteristics is provided.Other feature and advantage will be apparent from this specification.The instruction of the disclosure expands to those embodiments in the claim scope, no matter and whether they have realized one or more aforementioned need.
Summary of the invention
The application relates to a kind of refrigeration system, comprises a compressor that is connected in the closed refrigerant circuit, a condenser, a bloating plant and an evaporimeter.This evaporimeter comprises a shell and a tube bank with upper and lower, and this tube bank has a plurality of pipes that basic horizontal is extended in shell.A lid is arranged on the tube bank, and described lid has a blind end and the openend with respect to blind end, and this blind end is arranged on the tube bank and the top of adjacent housings.Described lid also has relative substantially parallel wall, and described substantially parallel wall extends from the opening portion of enclosure portion to shell.Refrigerant distributor is arranged under the described lid and on the tube bank, and this refrigerant distributor is set to liquid refrigerant or liquid and vaporous cryogen are deposited in the tube bank.The substantially parallel wall of described lid has prevented cold-producing medium cross flow one between a plurality of pipes of tube bank substantially.The openend of a flow distributor vicinity between described lid and shell arranged.Described flow distributor is regulated refrigerant flow between described lid and the shell so that more uniform flow distribution of refrigerant to be provided.
The application also relates to a kind of falling film evaporator that uses in refrigeration system, comprise a shell with upper and lower.A tube bank has a plurality of pipes that basic horizontal is extended in shell.A lid is arranged on the tube bank, and described lid has a blind end and the openend with respect to blind end, and this blind end is arranged on the tube bank on adjacent housings top.Described lid also has relative substantially parallel wall, and described substantially parallel wall extends from the opening portion of enclosure portion to shell.Refrigerant distributor be arranged under the described lid and described tube bank on.This refrigerant distributor is set to liquid refrigerant or liquid and vaporous cryogen are deposited in the tube bank.The substantially parallel wall of described lid has prevented the cross flow one of cold-producing medium between a plurality of pipes of tube bank substantially.The openend of a flow distributor vicinity between described lid and shell arranged.This flow distributor is regulated refrigerant flow between described lid and the shell so that more uniform flow distribution of refrigerant to be provided.
The application allows the fluid distributor reception to be in the cold-producing medium of medium-pressure or high pressure---promptly near condensing pressure---, and can be the liquid refrigerant and the vaporous cryogen of two-phase.In these cases, the mist of refrigerant of generation and drop are contained under the described lid and condense on the top and wall of managing last and described lid, enter the pipeline of bleeding to prevent that mist of refrigerant and drop from being carried secretly.In addition, flow distributor distributes the gas velocity that reduces to flow out described lid by uniform flow rate is provided more.The assignment of traffic of this improvement helps further to reduce the entrained drip that can arrive the pipeline of bleeding in mist of refrigerant.
The application also further relates to a kind of mixing falling film evaporator that uses in refrigeration system, comprise a shell with upper and lower.A lower tube bundle is communicated with the upper bundle fluid, and bottom and upper bundle respectively have a plurality of pipes that basic horizontal is extended in shell, lower tube bundle to small part by the cold-producing medium submergence in the outer casing underpart.A lid is arranged on the upper bundle, and described lid has a blind end and the openend with respect to this blind end, the top of this blind end adjacent housings on upper bundle.Described lid also has relative substantially parallel wall, and described substantially parallel wall extends from the openend of blind end to the bottom of adjacent housings.A refrigerant distributor is arranged on the upper bundle, and this refrigerant distributor is deposited on cold-producing medium on the upper bundle.The substantially parallel wall of described lid has prevented cold-producing medium cross flow one between a plurality of pipes of upper bundle substantially.The openend of a flow distributor vicinity between described lid and shell arranged.This flow distributor is regulated refrigerant flow between described lid and the shell so that more uniform flow distribution of refrigerant to be provided.
The application also further relates to a kind of falling film evaporator that uses in control procedure, comprise a shell with upper and lower.A tube bank has a plurality of pipes that basic horizontal is extended in shell.A lid is arranged on the tube bank, and described lid has a blind end and the openend with respect to this blind end, and this blind end is arranged on the tube bank and the top of adjacent housings.Described lid also has relative substantially parallel wall, and described substantially parallel wall extends to the bottom of shell.Fluid distributor is arranged under the described lid and on the tube bank, and this fluid distributor is set to liquid fluid or liquid and steam flow are deposited in the tube bank.The substantially parallel wall of described lid has prevented fluid cross flow one between a plurality of pipes of tube bank substantially.The openend of a flow distributor vicinity between described lid and shell arranged.This flow distributor is regulated refrigerant flow between described lid and the shell so that more uniform flow distribution of refrigerant to be provided.
The application also further relates to a kind of falling film evaporator that uses in refrigeration system, comprise a shell with upper and lower.A tube bank has a plurality of pipes that basic horizontal is extended in shell.A lid is arranged on the tube bank, and described lid has a blind end and the openend with respect to this blind end.This blind end is arranged on the tube bank and the top of adjacent housings.Described lid also has relative substantially parallel wall, and described substantially parallel wall extends from the opening portion of enclosure portion to shell.Describedly cover asymmetric layout in evaporimeter.
The application also further relates to a kind of falling film evaporator that uses in refrigeration system, comprise a shell with upper and lower.A tube bank has a plurality of pipes that basic horizontal is extended in shell.A lid is arranged on the tube bank, and described lid has a blind end and the openend with respect to this blind end.This blind end is arranged on the tube bank and the top of adjacent housings, and described lid also has relative substantially parallel wall, and described substantially parallel wall extends from the opening portion of enclosure portion to shell.Described lid comprises superficial makings.
The application's a advantage is that it has prevented the cross flow one by evaporative fluid expansion generation substantially, thereby is convenient to improve heat transmission with the recirculation rate of minimum.
Another advantage of the application is that it provides effective means to prevent to carry drop and has entered the compression extraction air mouth.
Another advantage of the application is that it is convenient to make and install.
Another advantage of the application is, it can adapt to the liquid that is in medium-pressure or high pressure that the distributor by the tube bank top applies and the mixture of steam.
Another advantage of the application is that it can be used for the falling film evaporator structure, perhaps is used to mix the falling film evaporator structure.
The application's attendant advantages is that it can provide the fluid separation applications of more uniform flow distribution of refrigerant to realize improving.
From below in conjunction with the more detailed description of the accompanying drawing that the application's principle is shown by way of example to embodiment, the application's further feature and advantage will be apparent.Persons of ordinary skill in the art will recognize that the member among the figure is simple and clear and clear but illustrative, might not draw in proportion.For example, the size of some members among the figure may be exaggerated to help to improve the understanding to the various embodiments of the application with respect to other member.Similarly, the member of useful or necessary common and fine understanding is not drawn usually in the embodiment of commericially feasible, thereby is convenient to the observation that these the different embodiments to the application still less hinder.
The exemplary that substitutes relates to as usually described in the claims further feature and combination of features.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the exemplary HVAC﹠amp that is arranged in the business environment; The diagram of R system.
Fig. 2 is the schematic diagram of the application's compressor assembly.
Fig. 3 is the profile of an embodiment of the application's falling film evaporator.
Fig. 4-5 is the profile of alternate embodiment of the application's falling film evaporator.
Fig. 6 is the profile of an embodiment of the application's mixing falling film evaporator.
Fig. 7 is the profile of another embodiment of the application's mixing falling film evaporator.
Fig. 8 is the profile that is used for the flow distribution device of the application's evaporimeter.
Fig. 9-12 is the profile of various embodiments of the flow distribution device that is used for the application's evaporimeter.
Figure 13 is the profile of another embodiment of the application's mixing falling film evaporator.
Figure 14 is the profile of another embodiment of the application's mixing falling film evaporator.
Figure 15 is the elevation view of the embodiment of the lid got along the line 17-17 of Figure 14.
Under possible situation, in institute's drawings attached, will use identical reference number to represent same or analogous parts.
The specific embodiment
Fig. 1 has gone out an exemplary HVAC﹠amp; The R system, it is set for to commercial building BL cooling is provided.Cooling system CH makes cooling fluid CF circulation by the helix tube that is arranged among the air-conditioning unit AH.Air-conditioning unit AH uses pipeline DU to draw outside injection air OI, and the recirculation air that this outside is injected in air and the building BL mixes.The mixture that air and recirculation air are injected in the mixture cooling that this cooling fluid CF injects air OI and recirculation air with the outside, this outside is provided to whole building BL so that temperature control to be provided by distribution system DS in building BL.The heating system (not shown) can be used to make and adds hot fluid circulation with to this building BL heat supply.
Fig. 2 shows the application's a system configuration on the whole.One the refrigeration or cooling system 10 comprise an AC power supplies 20, this power supply is the associating power supply of variable speed drive (VSD) 30 and power/control panel 35, and this power supply provides power for the motor 40 of drive compression machine 60 according to the control of the controller that is positioned at power/control panel 35.Should be realized that term " refrigeration system " can comprise the multiple alternative structure such as thermal pump etc.In the application's a embodiment, all members of VSD 30 are included in power/control panel 35.This AC power supplies 20 provides AC single-phase or heterogeneous (for example, three-phase), fixed voltage and fixed frequency from the AC electrical network that is positioned at a place or distribution system to VSD 30.Compressor 60 compress refrigerant vapor also are transported to condenser 70 by a discharge pipe with this steam.Compressor 60 can be the compressor of any type, for example centrifugal compressor, reciprocating compressor, screw compressor, scroll compressor and other.The refrigerant vapour that is transported to condenser 70 by compressor 60 forms and heat exchange relationship such as the fluid of water etc., described fluid by being connected to cooling tower 50 heat-exchanger coil or restrain 55 and flow.Yet, be appreciated that condenser 70 can be for air-cooled type, perhaps can use other condenser technology arbitrarily.As with the result of the heat exchange relationship of liquid in heat-exchanger coil 55, the refrigerant vapour in condenser 70 is exposed to the phase transformation of refrigerant liquid.The liquid refrigerant of condensation flow to bloating plant 75 from condenser 70, and this bloating plant reduced the temperature and pressure of cold-producing medium greatly before cold-producing medium enters evaporimeter 80.Alternately, when as the pressure conditioning equipment, the most of expansion appears at (Fig. 3-8) in the nozzle 108.With the heat exchange relationship of evaporimeter 80 in the fluid that circulates can be the inner space then cooling be provided.
Referring to Fig. 3, an embodiment of evaporimeter 80 is a falling film evaporator.In this embodiment, evaporimeter 80 comprises the shell 100 of a substantially cylindrical, and this shell has a top 102 and a bottom 104, and a plurality of pipes that form tube bank 106 simultaneously extend along the length basic horizontal of shell 100.The flow through pipe of this tube bank 106 of suitable fluid---such as water, ethene, ethylene glycol or calcium chloride brine---.One is arranged in the distributor 108 of tube bank on 106 with refrigerant fluid---from condenser 126 receive be in liquid condition or be in liquid and steam two-phase state such as R134a etc.---be assigned to the upper tube the tube bank 106.In other words, refrigerant fluid can be in the two-phase state, i.e. liquid and vaporous cryogen.In Fig. 4, the cold-producing medium that is transported to distributor 108 is liquid fully.In Fig. 3,5-7, the cold-producing medium that is transported to distributor 108 can be the two-phase mixture of liquid or liquid and steam fully.The liquid refrigerant adjacent lower 104 that does not change state by restraining 106 pipe to be directed to is assembled, and the liquid refrigerant of this gathering is indicated as liquid refrigerant 120.Though pump 95 can be used for the liquid refrigerant 120 from bottom 104 is recycled to distributor 108 (Figure 4 and 5), the pressurize refrigerant that a displacer (ejector) 128 can be used for being used to self cooling condenser 126 104 extracts liquid refrigerants 120 from the bottom, this realizes by Bernoulli effect (Bernoullieffect), as shown in Figure 3.In addition,, should be appreciated that though the height of liquid refrigerant 120 is illustrated as being lower than tube bank 106 (for example, Fig. 3-5), the height of this liquid refrigerant 120 can submergence the part of pipe of tube bank 106.
With further reference to Fig. 3, lid 112 is arranged on the tube bank 106 with the cross flow one that prevents to restrain the vaporous cryogen between 106 the pipe substantially or the cross flow one of liquid and vaporous cryogen.This lid 112 comprises upper end 114, this upper end restrain on 106 and on distributor 108, the top 102 of adjacent housings 100.What 114 opposite end extended to the bottom 104 of shell 100 from the upper end is opposed substantially parallel wall 116, and in one embodiment, described wall 116 extends substantially vertically and terminates in and upper end 114 basic opposing open end 118.In one embodiment, upper end 114 and the parallel walls 116 closely pipe of contiguous tube bank 106 arrange that wherein parallel walls 116 is fully extended to the bottom 104 of shell 100, substantially laterally to center on the pipe of tube bank 106.Yet, parallel walls 116 is not vertical lower tube through tube bank 106 to extend, parallel walls 116 neither be necessary for the plane, though the vaporous cryogen 122 that forms in 106 profiles in tube bank substantially vertically is directed in the border of parallel walls 116 and by covering 112 openend 118.Lid 112 promotes downwards vaporous cryogen 122 and by openend 118 between wall 116, then the top 102 from the bottom 104 of shell 100 to shell 100 upwards promotes in the space between shell 100 and wall 116.This vaporous cryogen 122 then flow through a pair of contiguous parallel walls 116 upper end 114 and the projection extension 150 and flow into suction channel 154.Before being connected to compressor 60 outlets 132 places discharge evaporimeter 80, this vaporous cryogen 122 enters suction channel 154 by groove 152, and wherein said groove 152 is in 150 ends, extension that limit these grooves 152 and the space between the shell 100.
The cold-producing medium 126 (liquid refrigerant 120) that receives from the bottom 104 of condenser 70 and shell 100 is by distributor 108 guiding, and deposits to the upper tube of tube bank 106 as shown in the figure from a plurality of positions 110.These positions 110 can comprise any combination with respect to the vertical or horizontal position of tube bank 106.In one embodiment, a plurality of nozzles that provided by at least one liquid chute (liquid ramp) are provided distributor 108, and described liquid chute is provided by condenser 70.In one embodiment, the spray pattern that this nozzle application is predetermined makes that going up comb is capped.A large amount of cold-producing mediums seethe with excitement because of the heat exchange that the tube-surface along tube bank 106 takes place.This expansion vaporous cryogen 122 is directed to openend 118 downwards, is not provided with alternative discharge channel because build 112 upper end 114 and substantially parallel wall 116.As shown in the figure, because the outer tubulation of substantially parallel wall 116 contiguous tube banks 106, vaporous cryogen 122 is promoted substantially vertically downward, has prevented the possibility that vaporous cryogen 122 flows in lid 112 internal chiasmas substantially.Pipe to this tube bank 106 arranges, thereby promotes flowing of cold-producing medium with the form around the film of tube-surface, and liquid refrigerant forms drop with the bottom at tube-surface, perhaps forms tentiform or liquid refrigerant in blocks in some cases.The sheet that is produced promotes the wetting of tube-surface, and this has just improved at the fluid of the pipe internal flow of tube bank 106 and the heat transfer efficiency between the cold-producing medium that the tube-surface of restraining 106 flows.
Different with present system, lid 112 upper end 114 has prevented that substantially the cold-producing medium that form was applied 110 streams with steam and mist flow directly into the outlet 132 of leading to compressor 60 at the top of tube bank 106.Alternatively, by cold-producing medium 122 being led to have the stream that is directed downwards, can be at cold-producing medium by before the openend 118, vaporous cryogen 122 must flow downward through the length of substantially parallel wall 116.Through after being included in the openend 118 of the unexpected variation on the direction, vaporous cryogen 122 is forced to flow between the inner surface of lid 112 and shell 100 in vaporous cryogen 122.This unexpected direction changes and causes in the cold-producing medium more any entrained drip of vast scale and liquid refrigerant 120 collisions or with shell 100 or cover 112 collisions, these drops are removed from vaporous cryogen 122 streams.Similarly, the mist of refrigerant that flows through the length of substantially parallel wall 116 is condensed into bigger drop, and these bigger drops are easier to by gravity separated, perhaps is evaporated by the heat transmission in tube bank 106.
In case flowing through, vaporous cryogen 122 covers 112 parallel walls 116, vaporous cryogen 122 is just before arriving outlet 132, along that form between lid 112 surface and shell 100, the predetermined narrow gap and the path of basic symmetry as shown in the figure, 104 flow to top 102 from the bottom.The result who increases as drop size, the fluid separation applications efficient by gravity improves, thus the speed that the vaporous cryogen 122 of the evaporimeter that allows to flow through makes progress improves.One is hindered contiguous evaporator outlet setting, to prevent the direct channel of vaporous cryogen 122 to the suction port of compressor.This obstruction comprises the groove 152 by the space boundary between the end of extension 150 and the shell 100.The combination of substantially parallel wall 116, narrow gap and the groove in evaporimeter 80 152 has been removed all remaining entrained drips in fact from the cold-producing medium 122 of evaporation.
By the cross flow one of basic elimination vaporous cryogen with along the liquid refrigerant drop of restraining 106, can reduce the amount of the cold-producing medium 120 that must recycle.With respect to traditional pump, the minimizing of the amount of recirculated refrigerant flow makes it possible to use displacer 128.Displacer 128 combines the function of bloating plant and refrigerated medium pump.In addition, can include all expansion functions in distributor 108 nozzles.In one embodiment, used two bloating plants: first expansion gear is included into the spray nozzle of distributor 108.Second bloating plant also can be the differential expansion in liquid line 130, such as fixing hole or alternately by the valve of the height of liquid refrigerant 120 control, with the variation of reply under service condition, such as evaporation and condensing pressure, and local cooling load.In addition, in one embodiment, great majority expand and occur in the nozzle place, provide bigger pressure differential, allow nozzle to reduce size simultaneously, reduce the size and the cost of nozzle thus.
Referring to Fig. 6, show an embodiment of mixing falling film evaporator 280, this mixing falling film evaporator also comprises tube bank 207 submergence or partially submerged at least except restraining 106.Except being discussed, the corresponding component in evaporimeter 280 all is similar to evaporimeter 80 in other respects.In one embodiment, evaporimeter 280 has been included two way systems (two passsystem) in, and fluid to be cooled at first flows to the pipe inside of lower tube bundle 207 in this two way system, then is directed to the pipe internal flow at upper bundle 106.Because the second channel of this two way system appears at the tube bank 106 at top, the fluid temperature (F.T.) that flows in tube bank 106 reduces, and needs the cold-producing medium stream of less amount thus on the surface of tube bank 106.Therefore, do not need cold-producing medium 120 is recycled to distributor 108.In addition, tube bank 207 will be from restraining the 106 extra cold-producing medium evaporations of dripping.If there is no recirculation device---for example pump or displacer, this falling film evaporator is necessary for hybrid-type so.
Should be appreciated that,, considered other layouts though two way systems are described to wherein that first passage is associated with the lower tube bundle 207 that is submerged (flooding) to small part and second channel is associated with upper bundle 106 (falling liquid film).For example, this evaporimeter can be included a single-pass sytem in, and this single-pass sytem has flooding of any percentage of being associated with lower tube bundle 207, and this single pass remainder is associated with upper bundle 106.Alternately, this evaporimeter can be included a three pass system in, wherein two passages are associated with lower tube bundle 207 and remaining channel is associated with upper bundle 106, and perhaps one of them passage is associated with lower tube bundle 207 and its remaining two passages are associated with upper bundle 106.In addition, this evaporimeter can be included one two way system in, one of them passage be associated with upper tube part 106 and second channel and upper tube part 106 and lower tube part 207 all related.In a word, can consider the passage of any amount, wherein each passage can or all be associated with one of upper bundle and lower tube bundle.
Though embodiment is at refrigeration system, the application's evaporimeter also can be used for process system, is the chemical technology of mixing such as two kinds of components of the volatile matter in petrochemical industry such as relating to one of them component.Alternately, this process system can relate to food-processing industry.For example, the application's evaporimeter can be used to control sap concentration.Referring to Fig. 3, the juice (for example, orange juice) that flows into by fluid distributor 108 is heated, and a part becomes steam, and the liquid of accumulating in the evaporimeter bottom simultaneously 120 comprises the juice of higher concentration.It will be appreciated by those of skill in the art that this evaporimeter can be used for other process systems.
In one embodiment, typically be near symmetrical because tube bank 106 is arranged, wall 116 be parallel and wall 116 about dividing center vertical plane 134 symmetries of top 102 and bottom 104 equally.
Arrange not shownly at the pipe of tube bank in 106, though typical the layout by a plurality of evenly spaced pipes limits, the vertical and horizontal alignment of described a plurality of pipes forms the profile of basic rectangle.Yet, also can use wherein manage vertical alignment neither also out-of-level alignment pile up layout and unevenly spaced layout.
In addition, perhaps combine, also can consider different Pipe bundle structures with other features of the application.For example, if cold-producing medium deposits with wide-angle by distributor 108, so just can reduce the volume of shell 100.Yet this wide-angle can produce the deposited refrigerant with horizontal velocity component, may produce uneven vertical liquid distribution.In order to address this problem, as known in the art, can use the finned tube (not shown) along the uppermost level row or the uppermost part of tube bank 106.Except using the finned tube at the top possibly, flat-footed method is to use to flooding the reinforced pipe of new generation that pool boiling is researched and developed in the evaporimeter.In addition, perhaps combine with finned tube, porous coating also can be applicable to restrain the outer surface of 106 pipe as known in the art.
Referring to Fig. 8, its two kinds of evaporation structures with the application are similar, lid 112 has vertical substantially wall 116, and described vertical substantially wall has prevented substantially that by the cross flow one that makes vaporized refrigerant fluid 122 expand and be produced being convenient to increases heat transmission with the recirculation rate of minimum.In addition, as previously mentioned, vaporous cryogen 122 is flowed through and is covered 112 parallel walls 116,104 flow to top 102 along the described narrow gap that forms from the bottom between the surface of lid 112 and shell 100 then before arriving outlet 132.The result who increases as drop size, the fluid separation applications efficient by gravity improves, and the speed that makes progress of the vaporous cryogen 122 of the evaporimeter that allows to flow through increases.The contiguous evaporator outlet setting of obstacle is to prevent the direct channel of vaporous cryogen 122 to the suction port of compressor.This obstacle comprises by the groove that the space limited 152 between the end of extension 150 and the shell 100.All remaining entrained drips have been removed in the combination of substantially parallel wall 116, narrow gap and groove 152 in fact from vaporized refrigerant 122 in evaporimeter 80.
In order further to improve the efficient of fluid separation applications, as shown in Figure 8, flow distributor 300 contiguous openends 118 between lid 112 and shell 100 are arranged.Refrigerant flow between flow distributor 300 adjustable caps 112 and the shell 100 is to provide more uniform flow distribution of refrigerant.Because more uniform flow distribution of refrigerant, the speed of vaporous cryogen 122 reduces, thereby has improved the fluid separation applications efficient by gravity.
Referring to Fig. 9-12, several embodiments of flow distributor are discussed.For example, as shown in Figure 9, flow distributor 302 is the form with respect to wall 116 angled guide vanes.As shown in figure 10, guide vane 302 has crooked profile.Though flow distributor 302 is illustrated as being arranged between the bottom 104 of wall 116 and shell 100, be appreciated that flow distributor can extend or extend from both from wall 116 or shell.In addition, can in flow distributor 302, form through hole.
Referring to Figure 11, flow distributor 304 is to extend, be basically perpendicular to the plate that wall 116 is arranged to wall 116, and comprises a plurality of through holes.In one embodiment, flow distributor 302 comprises the hole of different size, and wherein less via arrangement is on the part of flow distributor adjacent housings 100.In another embodiment, flow distributor 302 is silk screen (wire mesh).Referring to Figure 12, flow distributor 302 comprises the combination of guide vane and plate 304.
Be appreciated that, the embodiment of flow distributor can comprise any combination of the member of arranging along outer casing underpart 104 any places (such as between wall 116 and shell 100), described member be used for improving cold-producing medium stream 122 fluid separation applications effect and provide more uniform flowing velocity by direct refrigerant flow again.In addition, flow distributor can present porous, and for example non-woven web or alternative structural configuration are such as honeycomb structure.
The various embodiments that be also to be understood that flow distributor also can be used for aforesaid, refrigeration system application in addition.
(Figure 13) in another embodiment, lid is arranged in the evaporimeter asymmetricly, and wherein the cold-producing medium stream greater than half flows through under a side of arranging further from shell.As shown in the figure, all flow of refrigerant are all being covered under the side substantially.
Superficial makings also is favourable for lid, and promptly smooth surface is with respect to pitted or wear surface.The shape of tops and structure are owing to following reason is important: wish that 1) liquid on pipe distributes even as far as possible; 2) spray nozzle and the impact of pipe produced to clash into the mist at top.Therefrom, liquid may fall after rise in complete uncontrollable mode.For example, as shown in Figure 6, the liquid that arrives tops is likely because capillarity, arrives the vertical wall of lid then and fall the base section of lid and do not help the wall of wetting tube bank 106.Fig. 7 will produce with still fully inhomogeneous but must be better than the drop that the arrangement of Fig. 6 falls, because liquid will be dropped on the outer tubulation at least, and can not lose.More complicated design also is possible, and such as the top (Figure 14) of the basic horizontal with many ripples, this ripple drips to tube bank 106 on each tubulation, though other layouts also are possible.For example, in the alternate embodiment shown in Figure 15 of being got, enough from the direction extension of the pipe of the discontinuous tube bank of crosscut substantially 106 of ripple or surface of the top portion dispense liquid cold-producing medium of lid at line 17-17 along Figure 14.Alternately, ripple and surface are discontinuous can extend at an angle with the direction of tube bank 106 pipe.Yet, can recognize, ripple or discontinuous can be on profile for non-linear and uneven.In addition, the top of lid can have the material coating that is applied to the surface and combines with the liquid refrigerant streams that obtains to wish or with the shaped profile of tops.Vaporous cryogen 122 then flows on a pair of extension 150 of the upper end of contiguous parallel walls 116 114 protrusions and flows into suction channel 154.Before evaporimeter 80 was flowed out at outlet 132 places that are connected to compressor 60, vaporous cryogen 122 entered suction channel 154 by groove 152, and this groove is in the end of the extension 150 that limits groove 152 and the space between the shell 100.
Different with present system, lid 112 upper end 114 has prevented that substantially the stream with the cold-producing medium that form was applied 110 of steam and mist flows directly into the outlet 132 of leading to compressor 60 at the top of tube bank 106.Alternately, by with cold-producing medium 122 guiding with have be directed downwards stream, can be at cold-producing medium by before the openend 118, the length that vaporous cryogen 122 must be passed through substantially parallel wall 116 flows downward.Through after being included in the openend 118 of the unexpected variation on the direction, vaporous cryogen 122 is forced to flow between the inner surface of lid 112 and shell 100 in vaporous cryogen 122.This unexpected direction changes and causes in the cold-producing medium more any entrained drip of vast scale and liquid refrigerant 120 collisions or with shell 100 or cover 112 collisions, with the removal from vaporous cryogen 122 streams of these drops.Similarly, the mist of refrigerant of the length of the substantially parallel wall 116 of flowing through is condensed into bigger drop, and these bigger drops are easier to by Gravity Separation, perhaps is evaporated by the heat transmission in tube bank 106.
Should be appreciated that,, also can consider other layouts though two way systems are described to wherein that first passage is associated with the lower tube bundle 207 of partially submerged at least (flooding) and second channel is associated with upper bundle 106 (falling liquid film).For example, this evaporimeter can be included a single-pass sytem in, and this single-pass sytem has flooding of any percentage of being associated with lower tube bundle 207, and the remainder of this single-pass is associated with upper bundle 106.Alternately, this evaporimeter can be included a three pass system in, and wherein two passages are associated with lower tube bundle 207, and remaining channel is associated with upper bundle 106, perhaps one of them passage is associated with lower tube bundle 207, and its remaining two passages are associated with upper bundle 106.In addition, this evaporimeter can be included one two way system in, and one of them passage is associated with upper tube part 106, and second channel is all related with upper tube part 106 and lower tube part 207.In a word, can consider the path of any amount, wherein each path can with one of upper bundle and lower tube bundle or related all.
Should be appreciated that, the application be not limited to illustrate in the following description or accompanying drawing shown in details or method.Be also to be understood that in this manual the wording used and term only being described as purpose, and should not be considered as restriction.
Though in the accompanying drawings and described in this manual exemplary be current preferred, should be appreciated that these embodiments only provide in the mode of example.Therefore, the application is not limited to particular, and can expand to the various modifications that still fall within the scope of the appended claims.According to alternate embodiment, the order of technology or method step or order can change or ordering more arbitrarily.
Being important to note that, only is illustrative as structure and layout at the evaporimeter as shown in the various exemplary.Though in this open text, only have some embodiments to be described in detail, but the those of ordinary skills that read disclosure text will recognize easily, do not deviate from itself under the situation of the novel teachings of the described theme of claim and advantage, many modifications all are the possible change of size, size, structure, shape and various member ratio, parameter value, mounting arrangements, material use, color, orientation and others (for example).For example, the member that is illustrated as global formation can be made of a plurality of parts or member, and the position of member can be inverted or be changed in other mode, and the characteristic of discrete elements or quantity or position can change or change.Therefore, all such modifications are intended to be contained in the application's the scope.According to alternate embodiment, the order of technology or method step or order can change or ordering more arbitrarily.In the claims, arbitrarily the statement of functional specification is intended to contain the structure that is described to carry out described function in this manual, and not only be the equivalent of structure but also be the structure of equivalence.Under the situation that does not deviate from the application's scope, can in design, service condition and the layout of exemplary, carry out other displacement, modification, variation and omission.
Claims (25)
1. refrigeration system comprises:
Be connected a compressor in the closed refrigerant circuit, a condenser, a bloating plant and an evaporimeter; And
Described evaporimeter comprises:
A shell, it has the upper and lower;
A tube bank, described tube bank have a plurality of pipes that basic horizontal is extended in shell;
A lid that is arranged on the tube bank, described lid has a blind end and the openend with respect to blind end, this blind end is arranged on the tube bank and the top of adjacent housings, described lid also has relative substantially parallel wall, and described substantially parallel wall extends from the opening portion of enclosure portion to shell;
A refrigerant distributor, its be arranged under the described lid and described tube bank on, described refrigerant distributor is set to liquid refrigerant or liquid and vaporous cryogen are deposited in the tube bank, and the substantially parallel wall of described lid has prevented cold-producing medium cross flow one between a plurality of pipes of tube bank substantially;
A flow distributor, its contiguous openend between described lid and shell is arranged; And
Wherein said flow distributor is regulated refrigerant flow between described lid and the shell so that more uniform flow distribution of refrigerant to be provided.
2. the refrigeration system of claim 1, the wall of a wherein said flow distributor and a lid is angled.
3. the refrigeration system of claim 2, wherein said flow distributor extends from the wall of described lid.
4. the refrigeration system of claim 2, wherein said flow distributor extends from described shell.
5. the refrigeration system of claim 1, wherein said flow distributor is crooked.
6. the refrigeration system of claim 1, wherein said flow distributor comprises a plurality of through holes.
7. the refrigeration system of claim 6, wherein said flow distributor extends between the wall of described lid and described shell.
8. falling film evaporator that uses in refrigeration system comprises:
A shell, it has the upper and lower;
A tube bank, described tube bank have a plurality of pipes that basic horizontal is extended in shell;
A lid that is arranged on the tube bank, described lid has a blind end and the openend with respect to blind end, described blind end is arranged on the tube bank and the top of adjacent housings, described lid also has relative substantially parallel wall, and described substantially parallel wall extends from the opening portion of enclosure portion to shell;
A refrigerant distributor, its be arranged under the described lid and described tube bank on, described refrigerant distributor is set to liquid refrigerant or liquid and vaporous cryogen are deposited in the tube bank, and the substantially parallel wall of described lid has prevented cold-producing medium cross flow one between a plurality of pipes of tube bank substantially;
A flow distributor, its contiguous openend between described lid and shell is arranged; And
Wherein said flow distributor is regulated refrigerant flow between described lid and the shell so that more uniform flow distribution of refrigerant to be provided.
9. the falling film evaporator of claim 8, the wall of a wherein said flow distributor and a lid is angled.
10. the falling film evaporator of claim 9, wherein said flow distributor extends from the wall of described lid.
11. the falling film evaporator of claim 9, wherein said flow distributor extends from shell.
12. the falling film evaporator of claim 8, wherein said flow distributor is crooked.
13. the falling film evaporator of claim 8, wherein said flow distributor comprises a plurality of through holes.
14. the falling film evaporator of claim 13, wherein said flow distributor extends between the wall of described lid and described shell.
15. a mixing falling film evaporator that uses in refrigeration system comprises:
A shell, it has the upper and lower;
A lower tube bundle that is communicated with the upper bundle fluid, described bottom and upper bundle respectively have a plurality of pipes that basic horizontal is extended in shell, and described lower tube bundle is to the cold-producing medium submergence of small part quilt in the bottom of shell;
A lid that is arranged on the upper bundle, described lid has a blind end and the openend with respect to blind end, the top of described blind end adjacent housings on upper bundle, described lid also has relative basic horizontal wall, and described basic horizontal wall extends from the openend of blind end to the bottom of adjacent housings;
A refrigerant distributor, described refrigerant distributor is arranged on the upper bundle, and described refrigerant distributor deposits to cold-producing medium on the upper bundle;
The substantially parallel wall of described lid has prevented cold-producing medium cross flow one between a plurality of pipes of described upper bundle substantially;
A flow distributor, its contiguous openend between described lid and shell is arranged; And
Wherein said flow distributor is regulated refrigerant flow between described lid and the shell so that more uniform flow distribution of refrigerant to be provided.
16. the falling film evaporator of claim 15, wherein said flow distributor be one with the lid the angled member of wall.
17. the falling film evaporator of claim 16, wherein said flow distributor extends from the wall of described lid.
18. the falling film evaporator of claim 16, wherein said flow distributor extends from shell.
19. the falling film evaporator of claim 15, wherein said flow distributor is crooked.
20. the falling film evaporator of claim 15, wherein said flow distributor comprises a plurality of through holes.
21. the falling film evaporator of claim 20, wherein said flow distributor extends between the wall of described lid and described shell.
22. a falling film evaporator that uses in control procedure comprises:
A shell, it has the upper and lower;
A tube bank, described tube bank have a plurality of pipes that basic horizontal is extended in shell;
A lid that is arranged on the tube bank, described lid has a blind end and the openend with respect to described blind end, described blind end is arranged on the tube bank and the top of adjacent housings, and described lid also has relative substantially parallel wall, and described substantially parallel wall extends to the bottom of shell;
A fluid distributor, its be arranged under the described lid and described tube bank on, described fluid distributor is set to liquid fluid or liquid and steam flow are deposited in the tube bank;
The substantially parallel wall of described lid has prevented fluid cross flow one between a plurality of pipes of described tube bank substantially;
A flow distributor, its contiguous openend between described lid and shell is arranged; And
Wherein said flow distributor is regulated refrigerant flow between described lid and the shell so that more uniform flow distribution of refrigerant to be provided.
23. a falling film evaporator that uses in refrigeration system comprises:
A shell, it has the upper and lower;
A tube bank, described tube bank have a plurality of pipes that basic horizontal is extended in shell;
A lid that is arranged on the tube bank, described lid has a blind end and the openend with respect to described blind end, described blind end is arranged on the tube bank and the top of adjacent housings, described lid also has relative substantially parallel wall, and described substantially parallel wall extends from the opening portion of enclosure portion to shell; And
Wherein saidly cover asymmetric layout in evaporimeter.
24. a falling film evaporator that uses in refrigeration system comprises:
A shell, it has the upper and lower;
A tube bank, described tube bank have a plurality of pipes that basic horizontal is extended in shell;
A lid that is arranged on the tube bank, described lid has a blind end and the openend with respect to blind end, described blind end is arranged on the tube bank and the top of adjacent housings, described lid also has relative substantially parallel wall, and described substantially parallel wall extends from the opening portion of enclosure portion to shell; And
Wherein said lid comprises superficial makings.
25. the falling film evaporator of claim 24, the top of wherein said lid comprise the surperficial discontinuous of enough dispense liquid cold-producing mediums therefrom.
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US87130306P | 2006-12-21 | 2006-12-21 | |
| US60/871,303 | 2006-12-21 | ||
| US60/890,473 | 2007-02-17 | ||
| US11/962,605 | 2007-12-21 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN101641558A true CN101641558A (en) | 2010-02-03 |
Family
ID=41615754
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN200780050796A Pending CN101641558A (en) | 2006-12-21 | 2007-12-21 | Falling film evaporator |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN101641558A (en) |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105683695A (en) * | 2013-07-11 | 2016-06-15 | 大金应用美国股份有限公司 | Heat exchanger |
| CN106369888A (en) * | 2016-11-14 | 2017-02-01 | 格力电器（芜湖）有限公司 | Falling-film evaporator and refrigerant gas-liquid separation method thereof |
| CN115427743A (en) * | 2020-04-03 | 2022-12-02 | 三菱重工制冷空调系统株式会社 | Evaporator and evaporator assembly |
-
2007
- 2007-12-21 CN CN200780050796A patent/CN101641558A/en active Pending
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105683695A (en) * | 2013-07-11 | 2016-06-15 | 大金应用美国股份有限公司 | Heat exchanger |
| CN105683695B (en) * | 2013-07-11 | 2018-05-15 | 大金应用美国股份有限公司 | Heat exchanger |
| CN106369888A (en) * | 2016-11-14 | 2017-02-01 | 格力电器（芜湖）有限公司 | Falling-film evaporator and refrigerant gas-liquid separation method thereof |
| CN115427743A (en) * | 2020-04-03 | 2022-12-02 | 三菱重工制冷空调系统株式会社 | Evaporator and evaporator assembly |
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Application publication date: 20100203 |