CN101640121B - Tightly coupling hollow high-temperature superconducting inductor - Google Patents
Tightly coupling hollow high-temperature superconducting inductor Download PDFInfo
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- CN101640121B CN101640121B CN2009100633111A CN200910063311A CN101640121B CN 101640121 B CN101640121 B CN 101640121B CN 2009100633111 A CN2009100633111 A CN 2009100633111A CN 200910063311 A CN200910063311 A CN 200910063311A CN 101640121 B CN101640121 B CN 101640121B
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02E40/60—Superconducting electric elements or equipment; Power systems integrating superconducting elements or equipment
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Abstract
The invention relates to a tightly coupling hollow high-temperature superconducting inductor comprising a short connection bus, a nonmetallic Dewar type container, a clockwise winding, an anticlockwise winding, liquid nitrogen, a refrigeration system and a polyimide film, wherein, the clockwise winding and the anticlockwise winding are dipped into the liquid nitrogen which is stored in the nonmetallic Dewar type container; the short connection bus is respectively connected with the clockwise winding and the anticlockwise winding, and the refrigeration system, the nonmetallic Dewar type container, the clockwise winding, the anticlockwise winding and the liquid nitrogen are connected to form a liquid nitrogen circulation cooling system; the insulation material polyimide film is arranged between turns and layers of the clockwise winding and the anticlockwise winding. Compared with the traditional inductor, the invention has the advantages of small volume, light weight, high reliability, low power consumption and the like, is characterized by strong current limiting capacity and automatic current equalizing ability, avoids the defects of oil leakage, easy burning and the like of the oil dipping inductor and ensures operation safety. The invention has no iron cores and no ferromagnetic saturation, and has favorable inductance linearity.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of tightly coupling hollow high-temperature superconducting inductor, belong to electrical technology field.
Background technology
Along with China's rapid development of economy, rise year by year in many urban power consumption, and the electric load of urban central zone increases sharply, and the power transmission and distribution capacity significantly increases, and reduces problems such as grid loss and raising operation of power networks stability and also propose thereupon.Network system is very big in the loss of power transmission and distribution link at present, therefore the scheme that reduces grid loss is all being sought by each state, wherein superconductor is one of most important scheme that reduces grid loss, superconductor has low-loss, high efficiency, transmission current density advantages of higher, and is significant for the development of following power industry.Because net capacity strengthens, and load sharply rises, and rated current and short circuit current in the electrical network are sharply strengthened, and makes most of circuit breaker of present work operate in critical condition, power grid operation is constituted grave danger simultaneously.
In recent years, along with the development of high temperature superconducting materia technology, the electromagnetic property and the mechanical property of high temperature superconducting materia have obtained large increase, make high temperature superconducting materia realize commercially producing.Present high temperature superconductor coil mainly comes coiling by Bi based high-temperature superconductive strip Bi-2223, and high temperature superconducting materia has higher critical temperature, may operate under the liquid nitrogen temperature (77K) and by higher current density; Therefore, the high temperature superconductive wire coil apparatus of use high temperature superconducting materia coiling is obtaining application more and more widely.Simultaneously, be accompanied by dropping of high temperature superconducting materia price in the world, hts tape has also been realized industrialization at home, and these all are that the industrialized development of superconductor technology is had laid a good foundation.
The superconduction reactor is one of high temperature superconducting materia important application direction, and the application of high temperature superconducting materia makes reactor have high efficiency, high characteristics such as safe, highly reliable, and more traditional reactance utensil has volume little, in light weight, advantages such as pollution-free, no disaster hidden-trouble.Circuit breaker is one of visual plant of guaranteeing power grid operation, along with customer charge sharply increases, circuit breaker is had the demand that height cut-offs short-circuit capacity promote rapidly.Do not changing under original circuit breaker design scheme situation, utilizing high-temperature superconducting inductor can improve the ability of circuit breaker carrying rated current and the ability of cut-offfing short circuit current rapidly.Therefore, the development of high-temperature superconducting inductor and use development to China's electrical network with significant.
A kind of winding construction that reduces the vertical stray field of winding overhang and reduce the winding A.C.power loss is disclosed in the Swedish patent (SE 92024553) " winding support structure of superconducting transformer, reactor ", belt material of high temperature superconduct is rich on the winding skeleton in a tubular form that is carved with annular skewed slot, between iron core and winding skeleton, the low-temperature (low temperature) vessel wall is arranged, the width of skewed slot is slightly larger than the width of band on the winding skeleton, and incline direction is the direction of this place's electromagnetic field.A kind of winding construction that reduces the winding overhang transverse magnetic field is disclosed in U.S. Pat 5659277, this structure has increased magnetic shielding device at winding overhang, no matter be to exchange or the direct current magnet, this structure all can reduce the component of the horizontal stray field of winding overhang to a certain extent.Chinese patent CN200420068725.6 " superconduction reactor " comprises and iron core, winding is equipped with electrical barrier devices in the winding overhang inboard that electrical barrier devices is anti-magnetic becket, can effectively reduce the cross stream component of high-temperature superconductor brow leakage field.But the structural change that above three patents are all just made at the problem of high-temperature superconductor brow leakage.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of tightly coupling hollow high-temperature superconducting inductor, compare with traditional reactor, the present invention has advantages such as little, in light weight, the highly reliable and low-power consumption of volume; Its characteristics are that current limiting capacity and automatic current equalizing ability are strong, have stopped liquid immersed reactor leakage of oil, shortcoming such as inflammable, have guaranteed security of operation; Do not have iron core, do not exist ferromagnetic saturatedly, the linearity of inductance value is good.
Technical scheme of the present invention is: a kind of tightly coupling hollow high-temperature superconducting inductor, comprise the short row of connection, clockwise winding, counterclockwise winding and liquid nitrogen, short connection row is connected with counterclockwise winding with clockwise winding respectively, winding and counterclockwise winding immerse in the liquid nitrogen clockwise, the turn-to-turn and the interlayer of winding and counterclockwise winding all insulate clockwise, and winding material is high temperature superconducting materia Bi2223; It is characterized in that: also comprise nonmetal Dewar type container, refrigerating system and polyimide film; Polyimide film wrapping superconduction winding material; Liquid nitrogen is stored in the nonmetal Dewar type container, and refrigerating system, nonmetal Dewar type container, clockwise winding, counterclockwise winding and liquid nitrogen are connected to form the liquid nitrogen circulating cooling system.
Aforesaid tightly coupling hollow high-temperature superconducting inductor, it is characterized in that: refrigerating system comprises pressure sensor, control pressurer system, vacuum pump, vacuum heat insulation tube, heat exchanger and circulating pump, and pressure sensor all is connected control pressurer system and heat exchanger simultaneously with vacuum pump; The liquid nitrogen circulating cooling system is divided into heat exchange unit, Dewar type container unit and liquid nitrogen pump unit, adopts vacuum heat insulation tube to connect between the unit; Heat exchange unit comprises pressure sensor, control pressurer system, vacuum pump, saturated liquid nitrogen and heat exchanger; The Dewar type container unit comprises overfreezing liquid nitrogen, clockwise winding and counterclockwise winding; The liquid nitrogen pump unit is overfreezing liquid nitrogen and circulating pump.
Aforesaid tightly coupling hollow high-temperature superconducting inductor is characterized in that: Dewar type container adopts nonmetallic materials FRP glass fibre to strengthen the polyester plane skylight and makes, and nonmetal Dewar type container is a double container, is divided into outer wall and inwall, and two-layer courage wall all is coated with full silver.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows: Dewar type container adopts nonmetallic materials FRP (glass fibre is strengthened the polyester plane skylight) to make among the present invention, has strengthened voltage endurance capability and has reduced the electromagnetic eddy loss, reduces the loss of superconduction reactor.
Adopt polyimide film wrapping winding material among the present invention, strengthened the uniformity of polyimides, make field strength distribution even, increase dielectric strength, and this scheme has well solved the Insulation Problems of superconduction reactor winding wire rod at the superconducting wire face coat.
The present invention has designed a kind of low temperature closed cycle cooling refrigeration system that the high-temperature superconductor refrigeration is provided, and system is carried out closed-loop control, guarantees the supercooling of liquid nitrogen, prevents the generation of liquid nitrogen bubble, guarantees the cooling and the dielectric strength of liquid nitrogen.Utilize nonmetal Dewar type container to realize the liquid nitrogen cryogenics storage, reduce eddy current loss; By the low temperature closed-loop refrigeration system it is freezed, and implemented cold circulation cooling, guarantee the dielectric strength of liquid nitrogen.
And, can realize the automatic current equalizing and the current limliting of circuit breaker in parallel based on the release unit in parallel of tightly coupled air superconduction reactor of the present invention, improve the ability of circuit breaker carrying rated current and the ability of cut-offfing short circuit current.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is an embodiment of the invention overall structure schematic diagram.
Fig. 2 is the winding and the coiling mode schematic diagram of winding clockwise counterclockwise among Fig. 1.
Fig. 3 is the operation principle schematic diagram of refrigerating system among Fig. 1.
Fig. 4 is the structural representation of nonmetal Dewar type container among Fig. 1.
Fig. 5 is for using embodiment of the invention release unit schematic diagram in parallel.
Embodiment
The present invention is described further below in conjunction with drawings and Examples.
Short row, 2-Dewar type container, the clockwise winding of 3-, the counterclockwise winding of 4-, 5-liquid nitrogen, 6-refrigerating system, the 7-polyimide film of connecting of the explanation of mark: 1-among Fig. 1.
The explanation of mark among Fig. 3: 8-pressure sensor, 9-control pressurer system, 10-vacuum pump, 11-vacuum heat insulation tube, 12-heat exchanger, 13-circulating pump.
The explanation of mark among Fig. 4: 14-outer wall, 15-inwall.
The explanation of mark among Fig. 5: 16-circuit breaker.
As shown in Figure 1, embodiment of the invention tightly coupling hollow high-temperature superconducting inductor comprises the short row of connection 1, nonmetal Dewar type container 2, clockwise winding 3, counterclockwise winding 4, liquid nitrogen 5, refrigerating system 6 and polyimide film 7; Winding 3 and counterclockwise winding 4 immerse in the liquid nitrogen 5 clockwise, liquid nitrogen 5 is stored in the nonmetal Dewar type container 2, weak point connects row 1 and is connected with counterclockwise winding 4 with clockwise winding 3 respectively, and refrigerating system 6, nonmetal Dewar type container 2, clockwise winding 3, counterclockwise winding 4 and liquid nitrogen 5 are connected to form the liquid nitrogen circulating cooling system; The turn-to-turn and the interlayer of winding 3 and counterclockwise winding 4 have insulating material polyimide film 7 clockwise.
Fig. 2 is the winding and the coiling mode schematic diagram of winding clockwise counterclockwise among Fig. 1.Winding material is high temperature superconducting materia Bi2223; Windings in the nonmetal Dewar type container 2 are made up of inside and outside two-layer coil, between two-layer coil insulation are arranged, and two coils are two arms, two coils around on the contrary, a winding is clockwise winding 3, another winding is counterclockwise winding 4; Each arm is made of several layers inductance coil hierarchal arrangement, all individual layer inductance coils are by solid conductor coiling or bundle conductor and around forming, and the interlayer turn-to-turn all has insulation, and these inductance coils have a central shaft, coaxial arrangement and equal turn numbers, thus reach tightly coupled purpose; The individual layer inductance coil is around to identical, connection parallel with one another, and all individual layer inductance coil equal turn numbers, the difference of pressing the inductance coil radius has a central axis.Each layer of embodiment of the invention tightly coupled air superconduction reactor forms (promptly sealing for one) by circle coiling between two individual layer inductance coils, and two single layer coils around on the contrary, innermost layer with embodiment of the invention tightly coupled air reactor is a ground floor, outermost layer is last one deck meter, it between the ground floor and the second layer layer insulation pressure-resistant material, ground floor, insulating material and the second layer are one altogether and seal, also be that first is sealed, be heat radiation air air flue between sealing and sealing, by that analogy, sealing until outermost.
Fig. 3 is the operation principle schematic diagram of refrigerating system among Fig. 1, the characteristics of refrigerating system 6 are that a kind of low temperature closed circuit cooling system that provides the high-temperature superconductor refrigeration has been provided, system is carried out closed-loop control, guarantee the supercooling of liquid nitrogen 5, prevent the generation of liquid nitrogen 5 bubbles.Clockwise winding 3 of high-temperature superconductor and counterclockwise winding 4 enter in the liquid nitrogen 5, liquid nitrogen 5 is guaranteed the low temperature that the superconducting characteristic of high temperature superconducting materia is required, the boiling point of liquid nitrogen 5 is 77K, contain bubble in the liquid nitrogen 5 and will reduce the dielectric strength of liquid nitrogen 5 greatly, crossing cooling system makes the 77K of liquid nitrogen 5 drop to 66K, make the performance of superconducting line better under the 66K, eliminated the nitrogen that can damage insulation, guaranteed the cooling and the dielectric strength of liquid nitrogen 5.Because it is hollow that the insulation property of overfreezing liquid nitrogen 5 are better than, it is littler that the winding inter-turn gap can become, so the volume of embodiment of the invention high-temperature superconducting inductor is littler than traditional air core reactor.Refrigerating system 6 comprises pressure sensor 8, control pressurer system 9, vacuum pump 10, vacuum heat insulation tube 11, heat exchanger 12 and circulating pump 13, and pressure sensor 8 all is connected control pressurer system 9 and heat exchanger 12 simultaneously with vacuum pump 10; Refrigerating system 6 forms the liquid nitrogen circulating cooling systems with Dewar type container 2, clockwise winding 3, counterclockwise winding 4 and liquid nitrogen 5; This liquid nitrogen circulating cooling system mainly is made up of heat exchange unit, Dewar type container unit and liquid nitrogen pump unit.Adopt vacuum heat insulation tube 11 to connect between the unit.Heat exchange unit comprise 10 coolings of pressure sensor 8, control pressurer system 9, vacuum pump saturated liquid nitrogen 5, make the cold excessively heat exchanger of liquid nitrogen 5 12; The Dewar type container unit comprises overfreezing liquid nitrogen 5, clockwise winding 3 and counterclockwise winding 4; The liquid nitrogen pump unit is overfreezing liquid nitrogen 5 and circulating pump 13.
Fig. 4 is the schematic diagram of nonmetal Dewar type container among Fig. 1.Clockwise winding 3 of high-temperature superconductor and counterclockwise winding 4 are for immersing in the liquid nitrogen 5, liquid nitrogen 5 is stored in the nonmetal Dewar type container 2, nonmetal Dewar type container 2 is a double container, as shown in Figure 4, be divided into Dewar type container outer wall 14 and Dewar type container inwall 15, two-layer courage wall all is coated with full silver, and the air between two layers of walls is taken out the formation vacuum.Silver on the two-layer courage wall can prevent heat loss through radiation, and vacuum can prevent convection current and heat loss through conduction, and therefore the liquid nitrogen temperature that is contained in the container is difficult for changing, and guarantees that the cooling of liquid nitrogen 5 stores.Dewar type container 2 adopts nonmetallic materials FRP (glass fibre is strengthened the polyester plane skylight) to make among the present invention, strengthens voltage endurance capability and reduces the electromagnetic eddy loss, reduces the loss of superconduction reactor.
The insulating material polyimide film 7 of embodiment of the invention tightly coupling hollow high-temperature superconducting inductor, the main superconducting line surface coating polyimide lacquer craftwork that adopts of traditional superconducting wire insulation is difficult to satisfy the requirement of reactor turn-to-turn.Insulating material is selected directly wrapping superconduction winding wire rod of polyimide film 7 for use among the present invention, be characterized in strengthening the uniformity of polyimides at the superconducting wire face coat, make field strength distribution even, increase dielectric strength, this scheme has well solved the Insulation Problems of superconduction reactor winding wire rod.
As shown in Figure 5, based on the release unit in parallel of embodiment of the invention tightly coupled air high-temperature superconducting inductor, the level that circuit breaker 16 cut-offs short circuit current under the equal electric pressure that has been doubled and redoubled, the whole connecting-disconnecting function of raising system.And under nominal situation, can not bring extra impedance to system circuit, very little to the influence of system.And when breaking down, utilize the reaction of the powerful electromagnetism of superconduction, realize the automatic current equalizing of two branch roads, thereby realize the automatic parallel connection of circuit breaker 16; When 16 operate times of circuit breaker are inconsistent, the automatic current limiting under the effect of coupling inductance of embodiment of the invention tightly coupled air high-temperature superconducting inductor, also can bonding branch breaker 16 normally cut-off reached the purpose that small parameter circuit breaker 16 cut-offs big short circuit current.
It below is the principle of introducing in detail based on the circuit breaker parallel running of both arms tightly coupled air high-temperature superconducting inductor.Circuit breaker is the three-phase absolute construction, every phase all is made up of the circuit breaker 16 of a both arms embodiment of the invention tightly coupled air high-temperature superconducting inductor and two parallel runnings, the three-phase equipment parameter is identical and structure is consistent, and taking wherein, a phase working condition illustrates its operation principle.The circuit breaker in parallel 16 that described device uses does not have class limitations, when the working voltage grade is low, can adopt vacuum circuit-breaker; And when the working voltage grade is higher, can adopt the SF6 circuit breaker.In order to guarantee the current-sharing effect of described device, the operating characteristics of the used circuit breaker 16 in parallel unanimity of need trying one's best, the asymmetric rate of impedance of the every arm of used tightly coupled air high-temperature superconducting inductor is in 3%.When electric current flowed into release unit in parallel based on both arms tightly coupled air high-temperature superconducting inductor, two circuit breakers 16 were born the normal current and the short circuit current of system jointly.Owing to adopt the close coupling structure, each is formed the tightly coupled air high-temperature superconducting inductor by circle coiling between two individual layer inductance coils in sealing, and two single layer coils around on the contrary, can produce the opposite magnetic flux of direction; When system normally moves, because high-temperature superconducting inductor symmetrical configuration, coupling inductance externally shows with the form of leakage reactance, its value is very little, its loss can be ignored, and circuit breaker in parallel 16 parameters that link to each other with the tightly coupled air high-temperature superconducting inductor are also consistent, thereby guaranteed that system power evenly flows through two arms and the circuit breaker in parallel 16 of high-temperature superconducting inductor.
When system short-circuit fault, if flowing through the size of current of two circuit breakers 16 in parallel equates, the magnetic flux equal and opposite in direction that two branch currents produce in tightly coupled air high-temperature superconducting inductor two arms, direction is opposite, externally present leakage flux, the tightly coupled air high-temperature superconducting inductor only shows as leakage reactance in system, can not increase the burden of system; If size of current does not wait in two branch roads, then in tightly coupled air high-temperature superconducting inductor two arms, can generate the electromotive force of alternation, by the law of electromagnetic induction as can be known, this electromotive force makes two branch currents be tending towards equal, thereby this tightly coupled air high-temperature superconducting inductor can guarantee the electric current in the circuit breaker 16 equal subsystems of two branch roads, the model of this parallel connection circuit breaker 16 should be in full accord, and can select parameters such as its rated capacity, short circuit current is 1/2nd of system parameters; If the reasons such as inconsistent or separate unit circuit breaker failure of moving circuit breaker 16 arc control device in parallel cause when having only a branch road conducting, the tightly coupled air high-temperature superconducting inductor presents the single armed reactance, because superconductor will produce very big magnetic field, will be than the leakage reactance under the close coupling state high several times, can effectively limit the electric current that flows through tightly coupled air high-temperature superconducting inductor single armed and separate unit circuit breaker 16 arc control device, make separate unit circuit breaker 16 successfully cut-off short circuit current.
Claims (3)
1. tightly coupling hollow high-temperature superconducting inductor, comprise the short row of connection, clockwise winding, counterclockwise winding and liquid nitrogen, short connection row is connected with counterclockwise winding with clockwise winding respectively, winding and counterclockwise winding immerse in the liquid nitrogen clockwise, the turn-to-turn and the interlayer of winding and counterclockwise winding all insulate clockwise, and winding material is high temperature superconducting materia Bi2223; It is characterized in that: also comprise nonmetal Dewar type container, refrigerating system and polyimide film; Polyimide film wrapping superconduction winding material; Liquid nitrogen is stored in the nonmetal Dewar type container, and refrigerating system, nonmetal Dewar type container, clockwise winding, counterclockwise winding and liquid nitrogen are connected to form the liquid nitrogen circulating cooling system.
2. tightly coupling hollow high-temperature superconducting inductor according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: refrigerating system comprises pressure sensor, control pressurer system, vacuum pump, vacuum heat insulation tube, heat exchanger and circulating pump, and pressure sensor all is connected control pressurer system and heat exchanger simultaneously with vacuum pump; The liquid nitrogen circulating cooling system is divided into heat exchange unit, Dewar type container unit and liquid nitrogen pump unit, adopts vacuum heat insulation tube to connect between the unit; Heat exchange unit comprises pressure sensor, control pressurer system, vacuum pump, saturated liquid nitrogen and heat exchanger; The Dewar type container unit comprises overfreezing liquid nitrogen, clockwise winding and counterclockwise winding; The liquid nitrogen pump unit is overfreezing liquid nitrogen and circulating pump.
3. tightly coupling hollow high-temperature superconducting inductor according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: Dewar type container adopts nonmetallic materials FRP glass fibre to strengthen the polyester plane skylight and makes, nonmetal Dewar type container is a double container, is divided into outer wall and inwall, and two-layer courage wall all is coated with full silver.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN2009100633111A CN101640121B (en) | 2009-07-24 | 2009-07-24 | Tightly coupling hollow high-temperature superconducting inductor |
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| CN2009100633111A CN101640121B (en) | 2009-07-24 | 2009-07-24 | Tightly coupling hollow high-temperature superconducting inductor |
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| CN101640121B true CN101640121B (en) | 2011-07-13 |
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| FR3110303A1 (en) * | 2020-05-18 | 2021-11-19 | Electricite De France | MMC type AC-DC converter |
| FR3110304A1 (en) * | 2020-05-18 | 2021-11-19 | Electricite De France | MMC type AC-DC converter |
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| CN102789883B (en) * | 2012-08-27 | 2015-09-23 | 中国科学院电工研究所 | A kind of flat ripple current limiting reactor of superconduction being applied to high voltage direct current transmission |
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| CN103063992B (en) * | 2012-12-31 | 2015-08-26 | 山东电力集团公司青岛供电公司 | Oscillatory wave system |
| CN103277662B (en) * | 2013-05-15 | 2015-09-02 | 中国科学院电工研究所 | A kind of hollow structure nonmetal Dewar for AC superconduction magnet |
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| CN114272969B (en) * | 2021-12-28 | 2023-07-25 | 北京半导体专用设备研究所（中国电子科技集团公司第四十五研究所） | Liquid nitrogen liquid discharge device, liquid nitrogen liquid discharge method and chip test system |
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2009
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR3110303A1 (en) * | 2020-05-18 | 2021-11-19 | Electricite De France | MMC type AC-DC converter |
| FR3110304A1 (en) * | 2020-05-18 | 2021-11-19 | Electricite De France | MMC type AC-DC converter |
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