CN101639434A - Method for analyzing pore structure of solid material based on microscopic image - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention provides a method for analyzing the pore structure of solid material based on microscopic image, belonging to the technical field for analyzing the pore structure of the solid material.The method is characterized of: obtaining the CT single cross section image of the solid material by microscopic CT scanning; using computer language to digitally image process the CT single cross section image; taking the pixel side of the image as the size of hole diameter; computing the hole diameter of the solid material, porosity and change regularity of the hole diameter and the porosity based on the microscopic CT single image; selecting the CT single image after processing a plurality of digital image; generating a CT image sequence; three dimensionally rebuilding the CT single image with a volume rendering algorithm in a visual rebuilding algorithm; generating the three dimensional digital image of the solid material; and computing the hole diameter of the solid material, the porosity and the change regularity of the hole diameter and the porosity based on the microscopic CT single image. The method is widely used for analyzing and computing the hole size and the porosity of the solid material under the various hole sizes of the solid material.
Description
Technical field
The present invention is based on the method for micro image analysis pore structure of solid material, belong to the technology category of analyzing pore structure of solid material, be specifically related to a kind of method based on micro-CT graphical analysis pore structure of solid material.
Background technology
In the prior art of analyzing pore structure of solid material, mainly contain three kinds of low-temperature nitrogen adsorption method, mercury intrusion method and traditional densimetrys.All there is the qualification of a scope in the employing solid material hole aperture that prior art measured, the distribution range in hole aperture is totally 6 orders of magnitude from nanoscale to the millimeter level, existing surveying instrument and measuring method all can not all measure all pore textures, so it is different adopting the solid material porosity that distinct methods measured, its size is to be determined by the aperture range scale that surveying instrument can measure.Low-temperature nitrogen adsorption method is specific surface area and a porosity of measuring solid material by liquid nitrogen absorption, can calculate in the part of the aperture of 2nm～100nm and 100nm～400nm the porosity of solid material under the yardstick of aperture; Mercury intrusion method is different outer to depress the porosity that the amount that enters mercury in the solid material hole aperture is calculated solid material under the respective aperture yardstick by measuring, and can calculate in the part of the aperture of 10nm～100nm and 100nm～700nm the porosity of solid material under the yardstick of aperture; Traditional densimetry is by the unit weight of measuring solid material and the porosity that proportion calculates solid material, but can not determine corresponding aperture yardstick, more can not determine the Changing Pattern of the porosity of solid material with the hole aperture.And existing these three kinds of technology all are destructive detections, and the solid material after the test can only be discarded.
CT (Computed Tomography) is the abbreviation of computed tomography, belongs to the technology category of Non-Destructive Testing, and micro-CT mainly is made up of x-ray imaging system and computer system two parts.During microscopic CT scanning, produced X ray and vertically seen through tested object by the little focus X-ray ray machine in the x-ray imaging system, the X ray after the decay is detected device and gathers, by analog to digital conversion, and the image that after reading scan on the monitor, is obtained; By computer system the CT image that scanning obtains is rebuild, generated the cross sectional image of high density resolution.According to the different accuracy of CT scan, can differentiate the solid material of nanometer under the millimeter various apertures yardstick.
In sum, in the prior art of present pore structure of solid material, can not differentiate the porosity of solid material under the yardstick condition of the above large aperture of micron order; Though micro-CT can differentiate the aperture of solid material nano under the millimeter various apertures yardstick, do not calculate the method for its hole aperture and porosity.Must seek computing method based on solid material porosity under the yardstick of the various apertures of micro-CT.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is based on the pore texture of micro image analysis solid material, purpose is to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art and defective, solve insurmountable problem in the prior art, have inner structure that can the lossless detection solid material and generate the characteristics of the cross sectional image of high density resolution according to CT, provide a kind of based on microscopic CT scanning, by individual cross sectional image of micro-CT and micro-CT image sequence are carried out Digital Image Processing and three-dimensionalreconstruction, calculate hole aperture and porosity under the yardstick of the various apertures of solid material.
The present invention is based on the method for micro image analysis pore structure of solid material, it is characterized in that it being a kind of method based on micro-CT graphical analysis pore structure of solid material, particularly be the method for a kind of mode quantitative test solid material metal that adopts microscopic CT scanning, Digital Image Processing and three-dimensionalreconstruction three to combine, nonmetal, coal and rock pore structure, its concrete step is:
I, obtain a series of coronal image of solid material by the scanning of the x-ray imaging system of micro-CT pilot system;
II, filtering and reconstruction by micro-CT computer system generate hundreds of or thousands of cross sectional image of solid material;
III, individual cross sectional image of CT that microscopic CT scanning is obtained language that uses a computer carries out Digital Image Processing, be to individual cross sectional image of CT that microscopic CT scanning obtains read, clip, binaryzation and compression handle, binaryzation is that micro-CT image is carried out Threshold Segmentation, gray-scale value is 0 o'clock, represents that this pixel is a hole; Gray-scale value is not 0 o'clock, represents that this pixel is the solid constituent in the material, and compression is the new images that the CT compression of images of width of cloth M * M pixel is become M/X * M/X pixel, and the size of compression back pixel increases X doubly, with the size of the pixel hole aperture as material;
IV, with the pixel size of image as the aperture yardstick, calculating is based on solid material hole aperture, porosity and the Changing Pattern between the two thereof of micro-CT single image, and solid material porosity Φ is to be 0 pixel number N according to solid material part gray-scale value in the micro-CT image
0Calculate with all pixel number N, promptly
V, choose the CT single image after many numbers word image is handled, generate the CT image sequence, and it is carried out three-dimensionalreconstruction with the volume rendering algorithm in the visual restructing algorithm, generate the three-dimensional digital image of solid material, three-dimensionalreconstruction is that the CT image after the Digital Image Processing is read, generate 3-D data set, the image pre-service, gray-level interpolation and three-dimensional visualization, the language that uses a computer reads individual cross sectional image of CT after the Digital Image Processing, arrange and generate CT image sequence and 3-D data set, in the pretreated process of image, because the porosity of CT image is the gray shade scale based on image, so image carry out gray-level histogram equalizationization, image sharpening and color processing step, only image is carried out interpolation and image smoothing, distance between CT single image layer and the layer is a pixel, interlamellar spacing is less, adopt the gray-level interpolation algorithm, calculating formula is as follows
In the formula: x, y, z are the three axes of CT image; (x, y are that the CT image is at (x, y, the gray-scale value of z) locating z) to V; I=1,2 ..., K; K is the CT image number of plies that reads, image smoothing adopts the gaussian filter, three-dimensional visualization adopts the ray cast method in the visual reconstructed volume rendering algorithm, by calculating all voxels the effect of light is obtained two-dimensional projection image, to show the pore texture of solid material;
VI, calculate solid material hole aperture, porosity and the Changing Pattern between the two thereof based on the CT image sequence.
Above-mentioned method based on the micro image analysis pore structure of solid material, it is characterized in that: described solid material hole aperture yardstick is that nanoscale arrives the millimeter level, according to the minimum-value aperture yardstick that the micro-CT of different measuring precision can differentiate, can analyze solid material hole aperture yardstick is 5～7 orders of magnitude.
The method that the present invention is based on the micro image analysis pore structure of solid material is compared with existing pore structure of solid material measuring technology, has following outstanding substantive distinguishing features and significant effect:
1,, can calculate the porosity of solid material under the yardstick of various apertures based on micro-CT image.According to the minimum-value aperture yardstick that the micro-CT of different measuring precision can differentiate, can analyze solid material hole aperture yardstick from nanoscale to millimetre-sized all pore textures.
2, based on micro-CT single image, it is carried out Digital Image Processing, can calculate hole aperture, porosity and the Changing Pattern between the two thereof of solid material.
3, based on micro-CT image sequence, it is carried out three-dimensionalreconstruction, can calculate hole aperture, porosity and the Changing Pattern between the two thereof of solid material.
4, the present invention is widely used in the technical Analysis of solid material pore textures under the yardstick of various apertures such as metal, nonmetallic materials, coal and rock.
Description of drawings
With breadboard micro-CT is example, and the solid material minimum-value aperture that this micro-CT can differentiate is 1 μ m, and the mud stone in the coal measure strata is carried out microscopic CT scanning.
Fig. 1 is for to carry out individual cross sectional image of CT that microscopic CT scanning obtains to mud stone.
Fig. 2 is the Digital Image Processing process of micro-individual cross sectional image of CT shown in Figure 1.
Among the figure: Fig. 2 (a) is the image to micro-CT single image clip statistical regions; Fig. 2 (b) is to the image after Fig. 2 (a) binaryzation.
Fig. 3 is based on the porosity of the CT single image mud stone change curve with the hole aperture.
Among the figure: Φ represents the porosity of mud stone; P represents the hole aperture of mud stone.
The mud stone three-dimensional digital image of Fig. 4 for generating behind the three-dimensional reconstruction, size is 200 * 200 * 200, i.e. 8,000,000 pixels.
Fig. 5 is based on the porosity of the CT image sequence mud stone change curve with the hole aperture.
Among the figure: Φ represents the porosity of mud stone; P represents the hole aperture of mud stone.
Embodiment
The present invention is further illustrated below in conjunction with accompanying drawing.
Embodiment 1:
X-ray imaging system by micro-CT scans mud stone, computer system is rebuild the CT image that scanning obtains, generate individual cross sectional image of CT, carry out Digital Image Processing and three-dimensionalreconstruction based on micro-CT image, purpose is to calculate hole aperture, porosity and the Changing Pattern between the two thereof of mud stone.Computation process is:
Obtaining of I, micro-individual cross sectional image of CT.Micro-CT single image is from micro-CT pilot system, Fig. 1 is a cross sectional image of randomly drawing, the bmp bitmap format, image type is a thumbnail, the image size is 2001 * 2001 pixels, and each pixel figure place is 8, and tonal range is 0～255, the size of each pixel is 1.26 μ m, and promptly the hole aperture is 1.26 μ m.Black color dots represents that material density is lower among the figure, and white point represents that material density is higher, by black variation to white expression material density.
The Digital Image Processing of II, micro-individual cross sectional image of CT.Use the Matlab language to read the CT single image, Fig. 2 is the Digital Image Processing process of CT single image, and Fig. 2 (a) carries out clip to micro-CT image, generates mud stone part statistical regions as wide as possible; Fig. 2 (b) carries out binary conversion treatment to the statistical regions of Fig. 2 (a), the binary image of generation.Binaryzation is that micro-CT image is carried out Threshold Segmentation, and gray-scale value is 0 o'clock, represents that this pixel is a hole; Gray-scale value is not 0 o'clock, represents that this pixel is the solid constituent in the mud stone.
The compression of III, micro-individual cross sectional image of CT.Compression is that the porosity according to solid material is for the hole aperture of a dimensioning, the CT single image is compressed, the compression of images of one width of cloth M * M pixel is become the new images of M/X * M/X pixel, the size of compression back pixel increases X doubly, with the size of the pixel hole aperture as material.The compression algorithm of CT single image is: the odd-numbered line that keeps original image on X-direction successively, the odd column that on Y direction, keeps original image successively, odd-numbered line that retains and odd column generate the new images after compressing as new matrix, and the pixel size of new images will double.Circulation just can generate the image of different resolution successively.
IV, based on micro-CT single image, calculate the hole aperture and the porosity of mud stone.The porosity Φ of solid material is to be 0 pixel number N according to solid material part gray-scale value in the micro-CT image
0Calculate with all pixel number N, both:
Fig. 3 is based on the porosity Φ of individual cross sectional image mud stone of the micro-CT Changing Pattern with hole aperture P.
The three-dimensionalreconstruction of V, micro-CT image.The step of three-dimensionalreconstruction is mainly: the CT image read, generate 3-D data set, image pre-service and three-dimensional visualization etc.
Use individual cross sectional image of CT after the Matlab language reads Digital Image Processing, arrange and generate CT image sequence and 3-D data set.
In the pretreated process of image, because the porosity of CT image is the gray shade scale based on image, so image is not carried out gray-level histogram equalizationization, image sharpening and color processing step, only image is carried out interpolation and image smoothing, distance between CT single image layer and the layer is a pixel, is 1.26 μ m at this, and interlamellar spacing is less, adopt the gray-level interpolation algorithm, calculating formula is as follows
In the formula: x, y, z are the three axes of CT image; (x, y are that the CT image is at (x, y, the gray-scale value of z) locating z) to V; I=1,2 ..., K; K is the CT image number of plies that reads.Image smoothing adopts the gaussian filter.
Three-dimensional visualization adopts the ray cast method in the visual reconstructed volume rendering algorithm, by calculating all voxels the effect of light is obtained two-dimensional projection image, to show the pore texture of mud stone.Fig. 4 is of a size of 200 * 200 * 200 for three-dimensionalreconstruction, i.e. the three-dimensional digital image of 8,000,000 pixels.
VI, based on micro-CT image sequence, calculate the hole aperture and the porosity of mud stone.Adopt above-mentioned CT image compression algorithm and three-dimensionalreconstruction algorithm, it is compressed and three-dimensionalreconstruction, generate the three-dimensional digital image of mud stone.According to the three-dimensional digital image of mud stone, be as hole still with gray-scale value 0, other value is solid constituent, gray-scale value is 0 pixel number N in the statistics cube
0With all pixel number N, determine the porosity of mud stone three-dimensional digital image, and determine the variation relation between its hole aperture and the porosity.Fig. 5 is based on the Changing Pattern of CT image sequence porosity Φ with hole aperture P.Be familiar with those skilled in the art in the technical scope that the present invention discloses for any, the variation that can expect easily and replacement all should be encompassed within protection scope of the present invention.
Embodiment 2: the x-ray imaging system by micro-CT scans the solid material coal, and to the pore Structure Analysis of coal, the aperture yardstick is in 0.8 μ m～7 mu m ranges, and porosity is the negative exponent rule and successively decreases in 22%～4% scope.Other is with embodiment 1.
Embodiment 3: the x-ray imaging system by micro-CT scans the solid material sandstone, and to the pore Structure Analysis of sandstone, the aperture yardstick is in 0.4 μ m～4 mu m ranges, and porosity is the negative exponent rule and successively decreases in 2%～14% scope.Other is with embodiment 1.
Claims (2)
1, based on the method for micro image analysis pore structure of solid material, it is characterized in that it being a kind of method based on micro-CT graphical analysis pore structure of solid material, particularly be the method for a kind of mode quantitative test solid material metal that adopts microscopic CT scanning, Digital Image Processing and three-dimensionalreconstruction three to combine, nonmetal, coal and rock pore structure, its concrete step is:
I, obtain a series of coronal image of solid material by the scanning of the x-ray imaging system of micro-CT pilot system;
II, filtering and reconstruction by micro-CT computer system generate hundreds of or thousands of cross sectional image of solid material;
III, individual cross sectional image of CT that microscopic CT scanning is obtained language that uses a computer carries out Digital Image Processing, be to individual cross sectional image of CT that microscopic CT scanning obtains read, clip, binaryzation and compression handle, binaryzation is that micro-CT image is carried out Threshold Segmentation, gray-scale value is 0 o'clock, represents that this pixel is a hole; Gray-scale value is not 0 o'clock, represents that this pixel is the solid constituent in the material, and compression is the new images that the CT compression of images of width of cloth M * M pixel is become M/X * M/X pixel, and the size of compression back pixel increases X doubly, with the size of the pixel hole aperture as material;
IV, with the pixel size of image as the aperture yardstick, calculating is based on solid material hole aperture, porosity and the Changing Pattern between the two thereof of micro-CT single image, and solid material porosity Φ is to be 0 pixel number N according to solid material part gray-scale value in the micro-CT image
0Calculate with all pixel number N, promptly
V, choose the CT single image after many numbers word image is handled, generate the CT image sequence, and it is carried out three-dimensionalreconstruction with the volume rendering algorithm in the visual restructing algorithm, generate the three-dimensional digital image of solid material, three-dimensionalreconstruction is that the CT image after the Digital Image Processing is read, generate 3-D data set, the image pre-service, gray-level interpolation and three-dimensional visualization, the language that uses a computer reads individual cross sectional image of CT after the Digital Image Processing, arrange and generate CT image sequence and 3-D data set, in the pretreated process of image, because the porosity of CT image is the gray shade scale based on image, so image carry out gray-level histogram equalizationization, image sharpening and color processing step, only image is carried out interpolation and image smoothing, distance between CT single image layer and the layer is a pixel, interlamellar spacing is less, adopt the gray-level interpolation algorithm, calculating formula is as follows
In the formula: x, y, z are the three axes of CT image; (x, y are that the CT image is at (x, y, the gray-scale value of z) locating z) to V; I=1,2 ..., K; K is the CT image number of plies that reads, image smoothing adopts the gaussian filter, three-dimensional visualization adopts the ray cast method in the visual reconstructed volume rendering algorithm, by calculating all voxels the effect of light is obtained two-dimensional projection image, to show the pore texture of solid material;
VI, calculate solid material hole aperture, porosity and the Changing Pattern between the two thereof based on the CT image sequence.
2, according to the described method of claim 1 based on the micro image analysis pore structure of solid material, it is characterized in that: described solid material hole aperture yardstick is that nanoscale arrives the millimeter level, according to the minimum-value aperture yardstick that the micro-CT of different measuring precision can differentiate, can analyze solid material hole aperture yardstick is 5～7 orders of magnitude.
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