CN101638268A - Preparation method of fossilized active sludge and micro-sewage treatment method - Google Patents

Preparation method of fossilized active sludge and micro-sewage treatment method Download PDF

Info

Publication number
CN101638268A
CN101638268A CN200910194651A CN200910194651A CN101638268A CN 101638268 A CN101638268 A CN 101638268A CN 200910194651 A CN200910194651 A CN 200910194651A CN 200910194651 A CN200910194651 A CN 200910194651A CN 101638268 A CN101638268 A CN 101638268A
Authority
CN
China
Prior art keywords
solution
sewage
preparation
active sludge
fossilized
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
CN200910194651A
Other languages
Chinese (zh)
Other versions
CN101638268B (en
Inventor
乔向利
刘哲
刘志伟
曾颖林
张振家
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
JIANGSU LUBO ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION TECHNOLOGY CO.,LTD.
Shandong Qingsu Environmental Protection Material Co ltd
Original Assignee
Shanghai Jiaotong University
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Shanghai Jiaotong University filed Critical Shanghai Jiaotong University
Priority to CN2009101946518A priority Critical patent/CN101638268B/en
Publication of CN101638268A publication Critical patent/CN101638268A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of CN101638268B publication Critical patent/CN101638268B/en
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Classifications

    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02WCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W10/00Technologies for wastewater treatment
    • Y02W10/10Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage

Landscapes

  • Biological Treatment Of Waste Water (AREA)
  • Physical Water Treatments (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a preparation method of fossilized active sludge and a micro-sewage treatment method in the technical field of environmental protection. The preparation method of fossilized active sludge comprises the following steps: dissolving a polyethylene glycol prepolymer in water; adding active sludge and stirring; then, adding a bis-acrylamide crosslinking agent and benzoin dimethyl ether and uniformly mixing to obtain a solution; and illuminating the solution under an ultraviolet light source, cutting and washing to obtain the fossilized active sludge. The micro-sewage treatment method by utilizing the prepared fossilized active sludge comprises the following steps: filling the fossilized active sludge in a reactor; and adding sewage to the reactor for aeration; and treating the sewage to obtain purified water. The fossilized active sludge particles are convenient to prepare, have low cost, and have high efficiency of removing ammonia nitrogen and organic matter whenbeing applied to a micro-sewage source; meanwhile, required equipment is simple and is easy to manage and maintain.

Description

The method of the preparation method of immobilized active mud and processing micro-polluted water
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of preparation method of immobilized active mud and the method for processing micro-polluted water, belong to environmental protection technical field.
Background technology
The seriously polluted important factor that influences the Chinese national economy Sustainable development that become of shortage of water resources and water, various factory effluents, sanitary sewage and agricultural drainage etc. do not reach emission standard and just directly enter water body, earth surface water source has been caused great harm, and therefore source quality also sharply descends.Because that pollutes is serious day by day, many drinking water sources also are subjected to pollution in various degree, thereby make the drinking-water quality variation, have influence on resident's drinking-water health.These are by in the water source of slight pollution, because it is toxic that increasing organic compound is determined, and the existence of ammonia nitrogen can have a strong impact on water quality, and hydrobiont is worked the mischief, therefore how simple and effective these pollutents of removal, repairing contaminated water body is a comparatively urgent problem.
Can have the means that micro-polluted water is handled a lot, as: biological filter, biological contact oxidation process, activated sludge process, membrane separating method etc.These methods are alleviating water environment pollution and are removing ammonia nitrogen and the COD aspect plays an important role.But various treatment processs all have relative merits, few as the biological filter floor space, effluent quality is good, but it is not high enough to load, and the SS that is trapped in a large number concentrates on filter tank upper end tens centimeters, and head loss has herein accounted for the overwhelming majority of whole filter tank head loss, it is not high that dirty rate is received in the filter tank, microbial film easily comes off, and stops up easily, and the cycle of operation is short; The biological contact oxidation process impact load has stronger adaptive faculty, the mud growing amount is few, the harm of no sludge bulking need not mud and refluxes, and is easy to maintenance management, shortcoming is that filler is easy to stop up, gas distribution, water distribution are inhomogeneous, and filler is biomembranous carrier, are the core positions of contact-oxidation pool, have relatively high expectations, directly influence the efficient that bio-contact oxidation is handled; The activated sludge process floor space is big, and nitrifier loses easily, and nitrification efficiency is low, management maintenance inconvenience; And membrane separation technique is to removing the ammonia nitrogen nearly unavailable, and faces more serious film and pollute, and increases running cost and investment cost.
Immobilization embedded bacterium as biological reinforced means can be in the big effect of performance aspect the processing of micro-polluted water, reason be since the embedding bacterium to have an embedding bacterial density big, it is few to run off, the processing efficiency height, product is easily separated, the manageable advantage of reaction process, and can continuously and reuse; Change of external conditions is less etc. to embedding bacterium influence.These characteristics have determined that immobilization embedded bacterium is a kind of efficient low-consume, compact construction, the easy and very promising wastewater treatment immobilized biotechnology of running management.Because it is that microorganism cells is limited in a certain particular space scope, and makes it to keep biological activity, thereby therefore is particularly suitable for the embedding of poky microorganism or locates the situation that the concentration pollutent makes that microorganism growth is limited.And the embedding bacterium has again hydraulic detention time (HRT) and the isolating characteristics of sludge age, therefore can handle the contaminated-fluid of high dilution under high density cell condition; The water body of the considerable part of China is a micro-polluted water, and wherein contained ammonia nitrogen and organism can produce big harm to drinking-water quality and hydrobiont.But because it is slow to remove the nitrobacteria reproduction speed of ammonia nitrogen, and low-concentration organic makes that also the reproduction speed of heterotrophic organism is limited, therefore according to this situation, it is feasible to reach removal ammonia nitrogen and organic purpose that the method for mixt bacteria embedding is handled micro-polluted water.
Therefore be necessary to develop and a kind ofly can side by side remove ammonia nitrogen and organism efficiently, cost is low, the simple sewage water treatment method of management operating.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, a kind of preparation method of immobilized active mud and the method for processing micro-polluted water are provided.The immobilized active mud granule of the present invention's preparation is easy to prepare, and cost is low, be applied to remove ammonia nitrogen and organic matter efficiency height in the micro-polluted source water, and required equipment is simple, is easy to management maintenance.
The present invention realizes by following technical scheme:
The method for preparing immobilized active mud that the present invention relates to comprises the steps:
Step 1 is dissolved in the polyoxyethylene glycol prepolymer in the water, adds active sludge, stirs, and adds bisacrylamide crosslinker and st-yrax dme then, mixes, and gets solution;
Step 2 places irradiation under the ultraviolet source with step 1 gained solution, cutting, and washing promptly gets immobilized active mud.
In the step 1, the concentration of described polyoxyethylene glycol prepolymer in solution is: contain polyoxyethylene glycol prepolymer 10~18g in every 100ml solution.
In the step 1, the concentration of described active sludge in solution is: contain active sludge 3.2~8g in every 100ml solution.
In the step 1, the concentration of described bisacrylamide crosslinker in solution is: contain bisacrylamide crosslinker 0.5~1g in every 100ml solution.
In the step 1, the concentration of described st-yrax dme in solution is: contain st-yrax dme 0.05~0.1g in every 100ml solution.
In the step 2, described irradiation is 3~4 minutes.
The invention still further relates to a kind of method of utilizing the aforementioned immobilized active sludge treatment sewage that obtains, comprise the steps:
Step 1, immobilized active is sludge-filled in reactor;
Step 2 feeds sewage and carries out aeration in reactor, dispose of sewage the water after being purified.
In the step 1, the described particle of filling immobilized active mud by 10% of reactor volume that is filled to.
In the step 2, DO concentration is 4~6mg/l in the reactor.
In the step 2, before disposing of sewage, use the ammonia nitrogen organic waste water of 40mg/l immobilized active mud to be carried out 10~15 days domestication.
It is raw material that the present invention adopts the polyoxyethylene glycol prepolymer, is dissolved in the water, stirs with active sludge, adds linking agent again, and light trigger mixes, and places rapidly under the ultraviolet lamp source to shine 4 minutes, solidifies.After the immobilization embedded active sludge cutting washing with preparation, volume ratio with 10% is filled in the recirculation reactor, aeration, tame, utilize embedding to carry the nitrated of intravital high density nitrifier and peculiar bacterium then, Degradation reaches ammonia nitrogen in the micro-polluted source water and organic removal purpose.
Compared with prior art, the present invention has following beneficial effect: method of the present invention is easy to operate; Immobilized active mud granule prescription is simple, and preparation process is simply quick, can carry out suitability for industrialized production; Active sludge is embedded in the macromolecular material, can allow more generation time of long bacterial growth, and breeding improves processing efficiency, and the activity of embedding bacterium is not subject to the influence of outside atmosphere, adapts to the acute variation of external conditions.The immobilization embedded particles of the present invention's preparation is removed ammonia nitrogen and organic matter efficiency height, and the life-span is long, and solid-liquid separation is simple, fast, is fit to large-scale application in the processing of micro-polluted source water.The principal character of the embedding active sludge of the present invention's preparation is that the embedding active sludge is active high, and the embedding carrier life is long, can remove ammonia nitrogen and organism efficiently simultaneously, can be used for the processing of micro-polluted source water, can effectively remove wherein ammonia nitrogen and organism.
Embodiment
Present embodiment has provided detailed embodiment and process being to implement under the prerequisite with the technical solution of the present invention, but protection scope of the present invention is not limited to following embodiment.The experimental technique of unreceipted actual conditions in the following example, usually according to normal condition, or the condition of advising according to manufacturer.
Embodiment 1
Preparation immobilized active mud:
Step 1 is dissolved in polyoxyethylene glycol prepolymer 18g in the 60ml water, adds the 8g active sludge, stirs, and adds 0.5g bisacrylamide crosslinker and 0.05g st-yrax dme then, adds water to 100ml at last, mixes, and gets solution;
Step 2 places under the ultraviolet source irradiation 5 minutes with step 1 gained solution, is cured; Activated sludge floc after will solidifying afterwards is cut into the cubic granules of 3mm * 3mm * 3mm, and thorough washing promptly gets the immobilized sludge particle.
Utilize the immobilized sludge of preparation that sewage is handled:
Step 1 is filled in the embedded particles for preparing in the upflowing aeration recirculation reactor with 10% volume ratio, and 15 days (DO is 4mg/l) of aeration domestication used the ammonia nitrogen organic waste water of 40mg/l during domestication;
Step 2 is handled the ammonia nitrogen organic solution of 40g/l and 10mg/l respectively.
Implementation result: 30 ℃ after handling in 4~6 hours, ammonia nitrogen removal frank reaches 92%, 85% respectively, the TOC clearance reaches 60%, 40% respectively.
Embodiment 2
Preparation immobilized active mud:
Step 1 is dissolved in polyoxyethylene glycol prepolymer 140g in the 600ml water, adds the 60g active sludge, stirs, and adds 5g bisacrylamide crosslinker and 1g st-yrax dme then, adds water to 1000ml at last, mixes, and gets solution;
Step 2 places under the ultraviolet source irradiation 4 minutes with step 1 gained solution, is cured; Activated sludge floc after will solidifying afterwards is cut into the cubic granules of 3mm * 3mm * 3mm, and thorough washing promptly gets the immobilized sludge particle.
Utilize the immobilized sludge of preparation that sewage is handled:
Step 1 is filled in the embedded particles for preparing in the upflowing aeration recirculation reactor with 10% volume ratio, and 10 days (DO is 6mg/l) of aeration domestication used the ammonia nitrogen organic waste water of 40mg/l during domestication;
Step 2 is handled the ammonia nitrogen organic solution of 40mg/l and 10mg/l respectively.Implementation result: 30 ℃ after handling in 4 hours, ammonia nitrogen removal frank reaches 95%, 90% respectively, the TOC clearance reaches 73%, 56% respectively.
Embodiment 3
Preparation immobilized active mud:
Step 1 is dissolved in polyoxyethylene glycol prepolymer 50g in the 300ml water, adds the 16g active sludge, stirs, and adds 5g bisacrylamide crosslinker and 0.5g st-yrax dme then, adds water to 500ml at last, mixes, and gets solution;
Step 2 places under the ultraviolet source irradiation 3.5 minutes with step 1 gained solution, is cured; Activated sludge floc after will solidifying afterwards is cut into the cubic granules of 3mm * 3mm * 3mm, and thorough washing promptly gets the immobilized sludge particle.
Utilize the immobilized sludge of preparation that sewage is handled:
Step 1 is filled in the embedded particles for preparing in the upflowing aeration recirculation reactor with 10% volume ratio, and 15 days (DO is 5mg/l) of aeration domestication used the ammonia nitrogen organic waste water of 40mg/l during domestication;
Step 2 is handled the ammonia nitrogen organic solution of 40mg/l and 10mg/l respectively.Implementation result: 30 ℃ after handling in 4 hours, ammonia nitrogen removal frank reaches 92%, 85% respectively, the TOC clearance reaches 68%, 62% respectively.
Embodiment 4
Preparation immobilized active mud:
Step 1,12g is dissolved in the water with the polyoxyethylene glycol prepolymer, adds the 4.5g active sludge, stirs, and adds 0.8g bisacrylamide crosslinker and 0.08g st-yrax dme then, adds water to 100ml at last, mixes, and gets solution;
Step 2 places under the ultraviolet source irradiation 3 minutes with step 1 gained solution, is cured; Activated sludge floc after will solidifying afterwards is cut into the cubic granules of 3mm * 3mm * 3mm, and thorough washing promptly gets the immobilized sludge particle.
Utilize the immobilized sludge of preparation that sewage is handled:
Step 1 is filled in the embedded particles for preparing in the upflowing aeration recirculation reactor with 10% volume ratio, and 13 days (DO is 6mg/l) of aeration domestication used the ammonia nitrogen organic waste water of 40mg/l during domestication;
Step 2 is handled the ammonia nitrogen organic solution of 40mg/l and 10mg/l respectively.Implementation result: 30 ℃ after handling in 4 hours, ammonia nitrogen removal frank reaches 93%, 86% respectively, the TOC clearance reaches 75%, 66% respectively.

Claims (10)

1, a kind of preparation method of immobilized active mud is characterized in that, comprises the steps:
Step 1 is dissolved in the polyoxyethylene glycol prepolymer in the water, adds active sludge, stirs, and adds bisacrylamide crosslinker and st-yrax dme then, mixes, and gets solution;
Step 2 places irradiation under the ultraviolet source with step 1 gained solution, cutting, and washing promptly gets immobilized active mud.
2, the preparation method of immobilized active mud according to claim 1 is characterized in that, in the step 1, the concentration of described polyoxyethylene glycol prepolymer in solution is: contain polyoxyethylene glycol prepolymer 10~18g in every 100ml solution.
3, the preparation method of immobilized active mud according to claim 1 is characterized in that, in the step 1, the concentration of described active sludge in solution is: contain active sludge 3.2~8g in every 100ml solution.
4, the preparation method of immobilized active mud according to claim 1 is characterized in that, in the step 1, the concentration of described bisacrylamide crosslinker in solution is: contain bisacrylamide crosslinker 0.5~1g in every 100ml solution.
5, the preparation method of immobilized active mud according to claim 1 is characterized in that, in the step 1, the concentration of described st-yrax dme in solution is: contain st-yrax dme 0.05~0.1g in every 100ml solution.
6, the preparation method of immobilized active mud according to claim 1 is characterized in that, in the step 2, described irradiation is 3~4 minutes.
7, a kind of method of utilizing the described immobilized active sludge treatment of claim 1 sewage is characterized in that, comprises the steps: step 1, and immobilized active is sludge-filled in reactor; Step 2 feeds sewage and carries out aeration in reactor, dispose of sewage the water after being purified.
8, method of disposing of sewage according to claim 7 is characterized in that, in the step 1, and the described particle of filling immobilized active mud by 10% of reactor volume that is filled to.
9, method of disposing of sewage according to claim 7 is characterized in that, in the step 2, DO concentration is 4~6mg/l in the reactor.
10, method of disposing of sewage according to claim 7 is characterized in that, in the step 2, before disposing of sewage, uses the ammonia nitrogen organic waste water of 40mg/l immobilized active mud to be carried out 10~15 days domestication.
CN2009101946518A 2009-08-27 2009-08-27 Preparation method of fossilized active sludge and micro-sewage treatment method Active CN101638268B (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN2009101946518A CN101638268B (en) 2009-08-27 2009-08-27 Preparation method of fossilized active sludge and micro-sewage treatment method

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN2009101946518A CN101638268B (en) 2009-08-27 2009-08-27 Preparation method of fossilized active sludge and micro-sewage treatment method

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
CN101638268A true CN101638268A (en) 2010-02-03
CN101638268B CN101638268B (en) 2011-01-19

Family

ID=41613477

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
CN2009101946518A Active CN101638268B (en) 2009-08-27 2009-08-27 Preparation method of fossilized active sludge and micro-sewage treatment method

Country Status (1)

Country Link
CN (1) CN101638268B (en)

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN104086057A (en) * 2014-08-01 2014-10-08 安庆庆荣企业管理咨询有限责任公司 Sewage treatment device combining immobilized microorganisms with constructed wetlands
CN108862947A (en) * 2018-05-23 2018-11-23 南京耀珂新材料科技有限公司 A kind of method and its application being chemically treated mud
CN111363737A (en) * 2018-12-25 2020-07-03 绿丞投资(上海)有限公司 Microorganism fixed block and preparation method and application thereof
CN115465949A (en) * 2022-07-29 2022-12-13 天津正达科技有限责任公司 Immobilized microorganism composite material with core-shell structure and preparation method thereof

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN104086057A (en) * 2014-08-01 2014-10-08 安庆庆荣企业管理咨询有限责任公司 Sewage treatment device combining immobilized microorganisms with constructed wetlands
CN104086057B (en) * 2014-08-01 2016-01-20 深圳市星源空间环境技术有限公司 The waste disposal plant that immobilized microorganism is combined with artificial swamp
CN108862947A (en) * 2018-05-23 2018-11-23 南京耀珂新材料科技有限公司 A kind of method and its application being chemically treated mud
CN111363737A (en) * 2018-12-25 2020-07-03 绿丞投资(上海)有限公司 Microorganism fixed block and preparation method and application thereof
CN111363737B (en) * 2018-12-25 2023-09-29 绿丞投资(上海)有限公司 Microorganism immobilization block and preparation method and application thereof
CN115465949A (en) * 2022-07-29 2022-12-13 天津正达科技有限责任公司 Immobilized microorganism composite material with core-shell structure and preparation method thereof
CN115465949B (en) * 2022-07-29 2024-01-02 天津正达科技有限责任公司 Immobilized microorganism composite material with core-shell structure and preparation method thereof

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CN101638268B (en) 2011-01-19

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
CN105585220B (en) A kind of urban sewage treatment system and purification method
El-Saadony et al. Hazardous wastes and management strategies of landfill leachates: A comprehensive review
Babaei et al. Combined landfill leachate treatment methods: an overview
CN101618923B (en) Wastewater treatment method
CN106927628A (en) Light electrolysis-Fenton-EGSB-A/O-BCO-BAF-coagulating treatment pharmacy waste water technique
CN103274571B (en) Resource utilization and treatment method of livestock breeding wastewater
CN103304101B (en) Resource utilization and regeneration circulation utilization device for livestock and poultry breeding wastewater
CN104973731A (en) Domestic wastewater treatment method
CN101811796A (en) Method for treating leachate
CN107814458A (en) A kind of processing method of domestic waste penetrating fluid
Ismail et al. Techno-economic feasibility of energy-saving self-aerated sponge tower combined with up-flow anaerobic sludge blanket reactor for treatment of hazardous landfill leachate
CN100336749C (en) Garbage percolation liquid treating system and method
Payandeh et al. Study of biological methods in landfill leachate treatment
CN103183446A (en) Treatment device for piggery wastewater
CN101638268B (en) Preparation method of fossilized active sludge and micro-sewage treatment method
Hasnine et al. An overview of physicochemical and biological treatment of landfill leachate
CN201301254Y (en) Buried type oligodynamic sewage treatment device
KR100513352B1 (en) A wastewater treatment apparatus combined a membrane soaked biological reactor and an anaerobic granule sludge packed reactor
CN103739158B (en) Method for treating early-stage landfill leachate
Bustos‐Terrones et al. Kinetics of a fixed bed reactor with immobilized microorganisms for the removal of organic matter and phosphorous
Wijerathna et al. Imperative assessment on the current status of rubber wastewater treatment: Research development and future perspectives
Ahmad et al. A review of municipal solid waste (MSW) landfill management and treatment of leachate
CN103771648B (en) A kind for the treatment of process of Low Concentration Ammonia Containing Wastewater
CN106746215A (en) A kind of processing method of pig farm waste water
CN208071544U (en) A kind of railway communication system production wastewater treatment system

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
C06 Publication
PB01 Publication
C10 Entry into substantive examination
SE01 Entry into force of request for substantive examination
C14 Grant of patent or utility model
GR01 Patent grant
ASS Succession or assignment of patent right

Owner name: JIANGSU LUBO ADVANCED MATERIAL CO., LTD.

Free format text: FORMER OWNER: SHANGHAI JIAO TONG UNIVERSITY

Effective date: 20140114

C41 Transfer of patent application or patent right or utility model
COR Change of bibliographic data

Free format text: CORRECT: ADDRESS; FROM: 200240 MINHANG, SHANGHAI TO: 226236 NANTONG, JIANGSU PROVINCE

TR01 Transfer of patent right

Effective date of registration: 20140114

Address after: 226236 Jiangsu city of Nantong province Qidong City Binhai Industrial Park Road

Patentee after: JIANGSU LUBO ECO-FRIENDLY MATERIAL CO.,LTD.

Address before: 200240 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, No. 800, No.

Patentee before: Shanghai Jiao Tong University

CP03 Change of name, title or address

Address after: 226236 Tongxian Road, Qidong City, Nantong City, Jiangsu Province

Patentee after: JIANGSU LUBO ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION TECHNOLOGY CO.,LTD.

Address before: 226236 Tongxian Road, Binhai Industrial Park, Qidong City, Nantong City, Jiangsu Province

Patentee before: JIANGSU LUBO ECO-FRIENDLY MATERIAL CO.,LTD.

CP03 Change of name, title or address
TR01 Transfer of patent right

Effective date of registration: 20230109

Address after: 272114 No. 8 Anyang Road, Da'an Town, Yanzhou District, Jining City, Shandong Province

Patentee after: Shandong Qingsu environmental protection material Co.,Ltd.

Address before: 226236 Tongxian Road, Qidong City, Nantong City, Jiangsu Province

Patentee before: JIANGSU LUBO ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION TECHNOLOGY CO.,LTD.

TR01 Transfer of patent right