CN101620208B - Identification method for propolis and poplar gum - Google Patents
Identification method for propolis and poplar gum Download PDFInfo
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- CN101620208B CN101620208B CN200910101428.4A CN200910101428A CN101620208B CN 101620208 B CN101620208 B CN 101620208B CN 200910101428 A CN200910101428 A CN 200910101428A CN 101620208 B CN101620208 B CN 101620208B
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- 241000241413 Propolis Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 111
- 229940069949 propolis Drugs 0.000 title claims abstract description 111
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title abstract description 35
- 241001074708 Eucalyptus platyphylla Species 0.000 title abstract 6
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chloroform Chemical compound ClC(Cl)Cl HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 56
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 52
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000284 extract Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000012850 discrimination method Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000002604 ultrasonography Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000004128 high performance liquid chromatography Methods 0.000 abstract description 13
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 abstract description 13
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000001819 mass spectrum Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 abstract 2
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 14
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 11
- 238000005374 membrane filtration Methods 0.000 description 11
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000003908 quality control method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 241000256844 Apis mellifera Species 0.000 description 2
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 2
- 241000124033 Salix Species 0.000 description 2
- 239000000469 ethanolic extract Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229930003944 flavone Natural products 0.000 description 2
- 235000011949 flavones Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 210000004907 gland Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 239000003292 glue Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000028327 secretion Effects 0.000 description 2
- 241000726221 Gemma Species 0.000 description 1
- GAMYVSCDDLXAQW-AOIWZFSPSA-N Thermopsosid Natural products O(C)c1c(O)ccc(C=2Oc3c(c(O)cc(O[C@H]4[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](CO)O4)c3)C(=O)C=2)c1 GAMYVSCDDLXAQW-AOIWZFSPSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012190 activator Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000259 anti-tumor effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000013871 bee wax Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000012166 beeswax Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004071 biological effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000008280 blood Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000004369 blood Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000004587 chromatography analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940079593 drug Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002212 flavone derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002213 flavones Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000002218 hypoglycaemic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002632 lipids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000004811 liquid chromatography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001717 pathogenic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002137 ultrasound extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- VHBFFQKBGNRLFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N vitamin p Natural products O1C2=CC=CC=C2C(=O)C=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 VHBFFQKBGNRLFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000001993 wax Substances 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
The invention provides an identification method for propolis and poplar gum, which respectively identifies fingerprints of the propolis, the poplar gum and a mixture doped with different proportions of propolis by a reverse phase high-performance liquid chromatograph, and judges the truth of the propolis by the comparison of the fingerprints so as to control the quality of the propolis. The invention controls the quality of the propolis by using an HPLC method, has favorable separation effect, high sensitivity and high feasibility; the propolis and the poplar gum in the method respectively have obvious characteristic peaks, are free from mutually intervening and are easy to identify, thereby mass spectrum, standard products and the like are not needed, and the cost is reduced. In addition, the method has high sensitivity, is easy to grasp, can be used for identifying the propolis from the poplar gum and can simultaneously judge whether the propolis is doped with the poplar gum or not.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to food, drug quality control method, relate generally to a kind of propolis method of quality control, the method is to utilize liquid chromatography to carry out the discriminating of propolis and yang gum.
Background technology
Propolis is the tackiness material that the secretion such as the secretion such as honeybee herborization resin and its mandibular gland, wax gland are mixed to form.Propolis has prevent injuries and infects, regulates the various biological effects such as immune, antitumor, reducing blood lipid, hypoglycemic and resisting pathogenic microbes, has now been widely used in healthcare industry, and has been put into Pharmacopoeia of People's Republic of China in 2005.Along with the raising of people's living standard, domestic and international market increases day by day to the demand of propolis.
Because propolis output is few, price is relatively high, and some lawless persons palm off propolis extract with gemma populi extract, and these yang gums are at color, smell, all quite similar with true propolis in shape.The production cost of this false propolis will be significantly less than true propolis, the propolis product made from it, and natural cost is just low a lot.Although false propolis has at aspects such as general flavones and true propolis similarity, but some physiological activator that it does not have honeybee to add in processing propolis process, and the raw material of false propolis and process can be brought a lot of unsafe factors, therefore, the product of making raw material with yang gum of poor quality comes into the market, and brings endless trouble.And main test item is in the existing propolis national standard of China and industry standard: state, smell, color, ethanol extract content, beeswax, oxidization time, general flavone content etc.These indexs cannot detect the propolis that is mixed with yang gum, more cannot differentiate propolis and the yang gum of purifying.Owing to lacking corresponding true and false propolis mirror method for distinguishing, quality monitoring department and processing, trading enterprise cannot effectively supervise and control in propolis production and the process of circulation, false propolis is mixed the spurious with the genuine, and the value of true propolis cannot be embodied, and consumer's rights and interests cannot be protected.Therefore, how to identify efficiently and accurately that the quality of propolis and the true and false have very important using value.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide the discrimination method of a kind of propolis and yang gum, the liquid phase chromatography of the method by precise and high efficiency is to differentiating take willow as propolis and the yang gum of main glue source plant production, to control propolis quality.
The object of the invention is to realize by following scheme:
(1) by the ultrasonic extraction of 95% ethanol for propolis, centrifugal, filtration, obtain propolis and extract solution;
(2) remove the ethanol in propolis ethanol extract, add chloroform extraction, with separating funnel, remove chloroform phase, repeatedly several times, leave water, wave the chloroform of water purification in mutually, use mobile phase constant volume;
(3) with rp-hplc, analyze, obtain the chromatogram of propolis;
(4) repeat the method for above-mentioned (1), (2), (3), obtain yang gum and be mixed with the chromatogram of the propolis of yang gum;
(5), by pure propolis, yang gum compares with the chromatogram of the propolis that is mixed with yang gum, thereby judges the true and false of propolis.
The condition of liquid chromatograph of the present invention is: flow velocity is 0.5～1.0mL/min, detecting wavelength is 213～220nm or 260～270nm, sample size is 2～10 μ L, chromatographic column is Agilent Eclipse XDB-C18 (4.6 × 250mm, m) or suitable chromatographic column, column temperature is 25～30 ℃ to 5 μ.
Mobile phase of the present invention is methyl alcohol: 0.5%H
3pO
4=14: 86 (volumetric ratios).
The application of the discrimination method that another object of the present invention is to provide this propolis and yang gum in propolis and yang gum are differentiated.
In propolis finger-print of the present invention, have two obvious peaks, and under the same terms, in yang gum, do not contain these two peaks, the priority occurring according to these two peaks is numbered respectively No. 1 peak and No. 2 peaks; In yang gum finger-print, there are two obvious peaks, in propolis, do not contain under the same conditions this two peaks, be numbered respectively No. 3 peaks and No. 4 peaks.According to said method, measured respectively propolis, yang gum and mixed the finger-print of the propolis of different proportion.From the chromatogram obtaining, in propolis finger-print, contain No. 1 and No. 2 characteristic peaks, do not contain No. 3 and No. 4 peaks; In yang gum finger-print, contain No. 3 and No. 4 peaks, do not contain No. 1 and No. 2 peaks; And be mixed with in the propolis of 10～30% yang gums, contain peak 1,2,3 and No. 4 simultaneously.
The present invention is through picking up from repeatedly verifying take willow as the propolis sample of main glue source plant production of different regions, prove the method good separating effect, highly sensitive, feasibility is strong, therefore, can differentiate propolis and yang gum, can judge in propolis, whether to mix yang gum simultaneously.
The inventive method uses HPLC method to carry out propolis quality control, and in method, characteristic peak is obvious separately for related propolis and yang gum, does not disturb each other, easily differentiate, therefore do not need to use mass spectrum, standard items etc. to confirm, reduced cost, and the inventive method is highly sensitive, easily grasp.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the chromatogram of example 1 propolis.
Fig. 2 is the chromatogram of example 1 yang gum.
Fig. 3 is the chromatogram that example 1 mixes 10% yang gum.
Fig. 4 is the chromatogram that example 1 mixes 20% yang gum.
Fig. 5 is the chromatogram that example 1 mixes 30% yang gum.
Fig. 6 is the chromatogram of example 2 propolis.
Fig. 7 is the chromatogram of example 2 yang gums.
Fig. 8 is the chromatogram of example 3 propolis.
Fig. 9 is the chromatogram of example 3 yang gums.
Figure 10 is the chromatogram of example 4 propolis.
Figure 11 is the chromatogram of example 4 yang gums.
Figure 12 is the chromatogram of example 5 propolis.
Figure 13 is the chromatogram of example 5 yang gums.
Specific embodiments
The present invention is further described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments.
Embodiment 1:
Get propolis 10g, with 80mL 95% ethanol ultrasonic dissolution, centrifugal, filter, obtain propolis solution, with boulton process, remove ethanol, add a small amount of water, with chloroform extraction, remove the residual chloroform of water-soluble part, with mobile phase constant volume, to 25mL, mix, with 0.22 μ m membrane filtration, analyze with HPLC.(flow velocity is adjusted to 0.6mL/min for 4.6 × 250mm, 5 μ chromatographic column m), detects wavelength 220nm, 30 ℃ of column temperatures, sample size 5 μ L to adopt AgilentXDB-C18.Referring to Fig. 1.In figure, No. 1 peak and No. 2 peaks are propolis characteristic peak.
Get yang gum 2.5g, with 80mL 95% ethanol ultrasonic dissolution, centrifugal, filter, obtain yang gum solution, with boulton process, remove ethanol, add a small amount of water, with chloroform extraction, remove the residual chloroform of water-soluble part, with mobile phase constant volume, to 25mL, mix, with 0.22 μ m membrane filtration, analyze with HPLC.(flow velocity is adjusted to 0.6mL/min for 4.6 × 250mm, 5 μ chromatographic column m), detects wavelength 220nm, 30 ℃ of column temperatures, sample size 5 μ L to adopt AgilentXDB-C18.Referring to Fig. 2.In figure, No. 3 peaks and No. 4 peaks are yang gum characteristic peak.
Get the each 10g of propolis that mixes 10%, 20% and 30% yang gum, use respectively 80mL 95% ethanol ultrasonic dissolution, centrifugal, filter, remove ethanol with boulton process, add a small amount of water, with chloroform extraction, remove the residual chloroform of water-soluble part, with mobile phase constant volume to 25mL, mix, with 0.22 μ m membrane filtration, analyze with HPLC.(flow velocity is adjusted to 0.6mL/min for 4.6 × 250mm, 5 μ chromatographic column m), detects wavelength 220nm, 30 ℃ of column temperatures, sample size 5 μ L to adopt Agilent XDB-C18.See respectively Fig. 3, Fig. 4 and Fig. 5.The characteristic peak that in figure, No. 1 peak and No. 2 peaks are propolis, and the characteristic peak that No. 3 and No. 4 peaks are yang gum.
According to said method, measured respectively propolis, yang gum and the propolis finger-print that mixes 10%, 20% and 30% yang gum, wherein in collection of illustrative plates, No. 1 peak and No. 2 peaks are propolis characteristic peak, not contain in yang gum, and No. 3 peaks and No. 4 peaks are yang gum characteristic peak, in propolis, do not there are this two peaks.Mix in the propolis of 10%, 20% and 30% yang gum and all can detect 1,2,3 and No. 4 characteristic peak simultaneously.Therefore, can differentiate in propolis and yang gum and propolis whether be mixed with yang gum with this.
Embodiment 2:
Get propolis 10g, with 80mL 95% ethanol ultrasonic dissolution, centrifugal, filter, obtain propolis solution, with boulton process, remove ethanol, add a small amount of water, with chloroform extraction, remove the residual chloroform of water-soluble part, with mobile phase constant volume, to 25mL, mix, with 0.22 μ m membrane filtration, analyze with HPLC.(flow velocity is adjusted to 0.5mL/min for 4.6 × 250mm, 5 μ chromatographic column m), detects wavelength 213nm, 25 ℃ of column temperatures, sample size 2 μ L to adopt AgilentXDB-C18.
Get yang gum 2.5g, with 80mL 95% ethanol ultrasonic dissolution, filter, obtain yang gum solution, with boulton process, remove ethanol, add a small amount of water, with chloroform extraction, remove the residual chloroform of water-soluble part, with mobile phase constant volume, to 25mL, mix, with 0.22 μ m membrane filtration, analyze with HPLC.(flow velocity is adjusted to 0.5mL/min for 4.6 × 250mm, 5 μ chromatographic column m), detects wavelength 213nm, 25 ℃ of column temperatures, sample size 2 μ L to adopt AgilentXDB-C18.
According to said method, measured respectively the finger-print of propolis (Fig. 6) and yang gum (Fig. 7), wherein in Fig. 6, No. 1 peak and No. 2 peaks are propolis characteristic peak, are not contain in yang gum; And in Fig. 7, No. 3 peaks and No. 4 peaks are yang gum characteristic peak, are not contain in propolis.Therefore, can differentiate propolis and yang gum with this.
Embodiment 3:
Get propolis 10g, with 80mL 95% ethanol ultrasonic dissolution, filter, obtain propolis solution, with boulton process, remove ethanol, add a small amount of water, with chloroform extraction, remove the residual chloroform of water-soluble part, with mobile phase constant volume, to 25mL, mix, with 0.22 μ m membrane filtration, analyze with HPLC.(flow velocity is adjusted to 1mL/min for 4.6 × 250mm, 5 μ chromatographic column m), detects wavelength 268nm, 30 ℃ of column temperatures, sample size 10 μ L to adopt Agilent XDB-C18.
Get yang gum 2.5g, with 80mL 95% ethanol ultrasonic dissolution, filter, obtain yang gum solution, with boulton process, remove ethanol, add a small amount of water, with chloroform extraction, remove the residual chloroform of water-soluble part, with mobile phase constant volume, to 25mL, mix, with 0.22 μ m membrane filtration, analyze with HPLC.(flow velocity is adjusted to 1mL/min for 4.6 × 250mm, 5 μ chromatographic column m), detects wavelength 268nm, 30 ℃ of column temperatures, sample size 10 μ L to adopt AgilentXDB-C18.
According to said method, measured respectively the finger-print of propolis (Fig. 8) and yang gum (Fig. 9), wherein in Fig. 8, No. 1 peak and No. 2 peaks are propolis characteristic peak, are not contain in yang gum; And in Fig. 9, No. 3 peaks and No. 4 peaks are yang gum characteristic peak, are not contain in propolis.Therefore, can differentiate propolis and yang gum with this.
Embodiment 4:
Get propolis 10g, with 80ml 95% ethanol ultrasonic dissolution, filter, obtain propolis solution, with boulton process, remove ethanol, add a small amount of water, with chloroform extraction, remove the residual chloroform of water-soluble part, with mobile phase constant volume, to 25ml, mix, use 0.22um membrane filtration, analyze with HPLC.(flow velocity is adjusted to 0.6ml/min for 4.6 × 250mm, 5 μ chromatographic column m), detects wavelength 265nm, 28 ℃ of column temperatures, sample size 10 μ L to adopt AgilentXDB-C18.
Get yang gum 2.5g, with 80ml 95% ethanol ultrasonic dissolution, filter, obtain yang gum solution, with boulton process, remove ethanol, add a small amount of water, with chloroform extraction, remove the residual chloroform of water-soluble part, with mobile phase constant volume, to 25ml, mix, with 0.22 μ m membrane filtration, analyze with HPLC.(flow velocity is adjusted to 0.6ml/min for 4.6 × 250mm, 5 μ chromatographic column m), detects wavelength 265nm, 28 ℃ of column temperatures, sample size 10 μ L to adopt AgilentXDB-C18.
According to said method, measured respectively the finger-print of propolis (Figure 10) and yang gum (Figure 11), wherein in Figure 10, No. 1 peak and No. 2 peaks are propolis characteristic peak, are not contain in yang gum; And No. 3 peaks and No. 4 peak yang gum characteristic peaks in Figure 11 are not contain in propolis.Therefore, can differentiate propolis and yang gum with this.
Embodiment 5:
Get propolis 10g, with 80ml 95% ethanol ultrasonic dissolution, filter, obtain propolis solution, with boulton process, remove ethanol, add a small amount of water, with chloroform extraction, remove the residual chloroform of water-soluble part, with mobile phase constant volume, to 25ml, mix, with 0.22 μ m membrane filtration, analyze with HPLC.(flow velocity is adjusted to 0.8ml/min for 4.6 × 250mm, 5 μ chromatographic column m), detects wavelength 220nm, 26 ℃ of column temperatures, sample size 8 μ L to adopt Agilent XDB-C18.
Get yang gum 2.5g, with 80ml 95% ethanol ultrasonic dissolution, filter, obtain yang gum solution, with boulton process, remove ethanol, add a small amount of water, with chloroform extraction, remove the residual chloroform of water-soluble part, with mobile phase constant volume, to 25ml, mix, with 0.22u m membrane filtration, analyze with HPLC.(flow velocity is adjusted to 0.8ml/min for 4.6 × 250mm, 5 μ chromatographic column m), detects wavelength 220nm, 26 ℃ of column temperatures, sample size 8 μ L to adopt AgilentXDB-C18.
According to said method, measured respectively the finger-print of propolis (Figure 12) and yang gum (Figure 13), wherein in Figure 12, No. 1 peak and No. 2 peaks are propolis characteristic peak, are not contain in yang gum; And in Figure 13, No. 3 peaks and No. 4 peaks are yang gum characteristic peak, are not contain in propolis.Therefore, can differentiate propolis and yang gum with this.
Claims (2)
1. a discrimination method for propolis and yang gum, by following scheme, realize:
(1) by propolis, yang gum and the propolis that is mixed with yang gum respectively with 95% ethanol conventional Ultrasound extract, centrifugal, filter, obtain respectively propolis and extract the propolis that solution, yang gum extracts solution and be mixed with yang gum and extract solution,
(2) remove respectively the ethanol in each extract, add a small amount of water, add chloroform extraction, with separating funnel, remove chloroform phase, repeatedly several times, leave water, wave the chloroform of water purification in mutually, use mobile phase constant volume,
(3) with rp-hplc, analyze, obtain respectively propolis, yang gum and be mixed with the chromatogram of the propolis of yang gum,
(4), by propolis, yang gum carries out discrimination ratio with the chromatogram of the propolis that is mixed with yang gum, thereby judges the true and false of propolis;
The described mobile phase of step (2) is methyl alcohol and 0.5%H
3pO
4, volumetric ratio is methyl alcohol: 0.5%H
3pO
4=14:86;
The condition of the liquid chromatograph described in step (3) is: flow velocity is 0.5～1.5mL/min, detecting wavelength is 213～220nm or 260～270nm, sample size is 2～10 μ L, select 4.6 × 250mm, the Agilent Eclipse XDB-C18 chromatographic column of 5 μ m, column temperature is 25～30 ℃.
2. the discrimination method of a kind of propolis claimed in claim 1 and yang gum is in the application of differentiating in propolis and yang gum.
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| CN200910101428.4A CN101620208B (en) | 2009-08-06 | 2009-08-06 | Identification method for propolis and poplar gum |
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| CN101871919B (en) * | 2010-05-21 | 2013-01-23 | 浙江大学 | Method for distinguishing bee glue and poplar glue |
| CN106770763B (en) * | 2016-12-21 | 2020-04-21 | 浙江海洋大学 | Method for identifying propolis and poplar gum |
| CN108459038B (en) * | 2017-12-13 | 2020-03-27 | 江苏中谱检测有限公司 | Nuclear magnetic fingerprint spectrum method for quickly identifying authenticity of poplar type propolis |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN1292499A (en) * | 1999-07-06 | 2001-04-25 | 川崎制铁株式会社 | Method and device for analysing free fluorine in solution containing hydrofluoric acid |
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| CN1292499A (en) * | 1999-07-06 | 2001-04-25 | 川崎制铁株式会社 | Method and device for analysing free fluorine in solution containing hydrofluoric acid |
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| Title |
|---|
| 周萍等.蜂胶HPLC指纹图谱真伪鉴别初探.《蜜蜂杂志(月刊)》.2005,(第8期),5-6. * |
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