CN101616193B - Setting method of beacon host computer in IPv4 address transmultiplexer - Google Patents

Setting method of beacon host computer in IPv4 address transmultiplexer Download PDF

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CN101616193B
CN101616193B CN2009100893439A CN200910089343A CN101616193B CN 101616193 B CN101616193 B CN 101616193B CN 2009100893439 A CN2009100893439 A CN 2009100893439A CN 200910089343 A CN200910089343 A CN 200910089343A CN 101616193 B CN101616193 B CN 101616193B
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李星
包丛笑
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Tsinghua University
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Abstract

The invention relates to a setting method of a beacon host computer in an IPv4 address transmultiplexer(TMUX), which belongs to the technical field of computer network communication. The method is characterized in that according to the characteristic of internet control message protocol ICMP that no port domain exits, when a plurality of host computers share a single IPv4 address, an beacon host computer appointed through an IPv4 address TMUX, and the ICMP protocol is processed through the beacon host computer. The method can be applied to the network management, maintenance and debugging of a plurality of computers for sharing a single IPv4 address.

Description

IPv4地址复用转换器中信标主机设置方法Setting method of beacon host in IPv4 address multiplexing converter

技术领域 technical field

IPv4地址复用转换器中信标主机设置方法属于计算机互联网通信技术领域。A beacon host setting method in an IPv4 address multiplexing converter belongs to the technical field of computer Internet communication.

背景技术 Background technique

互联网已经成为全世界最重要的信息基础设施,但目前互联网广泛使用的第四版网络协议IPv4的地址的寻址范围只有232,即43亿地址,根据目前IPv4地址的分配速度,预计在2011年之后,IPv4地址即将分配完毕。The Internet has become the most important information infrastructure in the world, but the addressing range of IPv4, the fourth version of the network protocol widely used on the Internet, is only 2 32 , that is, 4.3 billion addresses. Years later, IPv4 addresses are about to be allocated.

目前中国网民人口的绝对数已经成为世界第一,但互联网的普及率只有22%,远低于世界发达国家的水平(70%)。同时,平均每个中国网民仅有0.6个IPv4地址。因此,对于中国来说,IPv4地址是无法满足需求的。这个问题对于印度等其它发展中国家来说,都是非常严重的。At present, the absolute number of Internet users in China has become the first in the world, but the penetration rate of the Internet is only 22%, far below the level of developed countries (70%). At the same time, each Chinese Internet user has only 0.6 IPv4 addresses on average. Therefore, for China, IPv4 addresses cannot meet the demand. This problem is very serious for other developing countries such as India.

解决上述问题目前基本上有两种技术路线,即采用下一代互联网协议标准(IPv6)和采用地址转换端口映射技术(NAPT)。At present, there are basically two technical routes to solve the above problems, that is, adopting the next generation Internet protocol standard (IPv6) and adopting address translation port mapping technology (NAPT).

国际互联网工程组(IETF)设计的第六版网络协议IPv6,它的地址寻址范围有2128,能够满足互联网长期发展的需求。但由于种种原因,IPv6协议于IPv4协议是不兼容的,不能互联互通。IETF建议的方法是同时运行IPv4和IPv4协议,即双栈方法。但IPv4地址的缺乏使双栈实施发生困难。同时双栈的建设成本和运行成本也大于单独运行IPv4或IPv6单栈的成本。The sixth version of the network protocol IPv6 designed by the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) has an address range of 2 128 , which can meet the long-term development needs of the Internet. However, due to various reasons, the IPv6 protocol is incompatible with the IPv4 protocol and cannot be interconnected. The method suggested by IETF is to run IPv4 and IPv4 protocols at the same time, that is, a dual-stack method. But the lack of IPv4 addresses makes it difficult to implement dual stacks. At the same time, the construction cost and operation cost of the dual-stack are also greater than the cost of running IPv4 or IPv6 single-stack alone.

目前工业界大量使用的是地址转换端口映射技术(NAPT),其基本原理是基于互联网通信的五元组概念,即“协议、原地址、原端口、目的地址、目的端口”唯一地确定一个通信的进程。端口的寻址范围为216,即65,536个。因此,如果每个计算机的通信进程只有1个,则从理论上讲1个IPv4地址通过地址转换端口映射可以同时支持6万个以上的计算机通信。在NAPT中,这个映射关系由转换设备维护。At present, the address translation port mapping technology (NAPT) is widely used in the industry. Its basic principle is based on the five-tuple concept of Internet communication, that is, "protocol, original address, original port, destination address, and destination port" to uniquely determine a communication process. The addressing range of ports is 2 16 , that is, 65,536. Therefore, if each computer has only one communication process, theoretically speaking, one IPv4 address can support more than 60,000 computer communications at the same time through address translation port mapping. In NAPT, this mapping relationship is maintained by the conversion device.

因此,NAPT可以解决近期的IPv4地址短缺的问题,IPv6可以从根本上解决IPv4地址短缺的问题。在从NATPT到IPv6的过渡过程中,利用地址端口复用技术使多个计算机设备共享同一个IPv4地址是可行的方案。但是,由于网络运行管理中使用的重要的网络控制消息协议ICMP没有端口号,因此会带来网络运行、管理和查错的问题。Therefore, NAPT can solve the problem of shortage of IPv4 addresses in the near future, and IPv6 can fundamentally solve the problem of shortage of IPv4 addresses. During the transition from NATPT to IPv6, it is a feasible solution to make multiple computer devices share the same IPv4 address by using address port multiplexing technology. However, because ICMP, an important network control message protocol used in network operation and management, has no port number, it will bring problems in network operation, management and error checking.

本发明的基本原理是在于,根据互联网控制信令协议ICMP没有端口域的特点,当网络中多个计算机共享单个IPv4地址时,在其中指定信标主机,并由信标主机处理ICMP协议,此方法可用于多个计算机共享单个IPv4地址的网络管理、维护和查错。The basic principle of the present invention is that, according to the Internet control signaling protocol ICMP has no port domain characteristics, when multiple computers in the network share a single IPv4 address, a beacon host is designated in it, and the ICMP protocol is processed by the beacon host. The method can be used for network management, maintenance and error checking in which multiple computers share a single IPv4 address.

发明内容 Contents of the invention

根据互联网控制信令协议ICMP没有端口域的特点,当多个计算机共享单个IPv4地址时,通过以下步骤处理ICMP分组:According to the characteristic that ICMP has no port domain, when multiple computers share a single IPv4 address, ICMP packets are processed through the following steps:

步骤(1):初始化Step (1): Initialization

对于每一个IPv4地址,定义IPv4地址复用转换器的复用比,所选复用比是一个IPv4同时供多个计算机使用的计算机数量,同时规定每一个计算机所能够使用的端口号范围;For each IPv4 address, define the multiplexing ratio of the IPv4 address multiplexing converter, the selected multiplexing ratio is the number of computers that can be used by multiple computers at the same time for one IPv4, and specify the range of port numbers that each computer can use;

在IPv4地址复用转换器中定义共享IPv4地址网络的某台主机为信标主机A,并且指明该信标主机A所能够使用的端口号范围;In the IPv4 address multiplexing converter, define a host sharing the IPv4 address network as beacon host A, and specify the range of port numbers that the beacon host A can use;

IPv4地址复用转换器位于不共享IPv4地址的网络和共享IPv4地址的网络之间,在共享IPv4地址的网络中使用隧道的方法或地址转换/协议转换的方法实现IPv4地址的共享;The IPv4 address multiplexing converter is located between the network that does not share IPv4 addresses and the network that shares IPv4 addresses. In the network that shares IPv4 addresses, the method of tunneling or address conversion/protocol conversion is used to realize the sharing of IPv4 addresses;

步骤(2):所述IPv4地址复用转换器依次按以下步骤对从不共享IPv4地址网络的分组到共享IPv4地址网络的分组进行转换Step (2): The IPv4 address multiplexing converter converts the packets from the non-shared IPv4 address network to the packets from the shared IPv4 address network in turn according to the following steps

步骤(2.1):检查分组的IPv4地址是否为需要转换的地址范围,如是,执行步骤(2.2),如不是,则丢弃该分组,返回执行步骤(2.1);Step (2.1): check whether the IPv4 address of packet is the address range that needs to be converted, if so, execute step (2.2), if not, then discard this packet, return to execute step (2.1);

步骤(2.2):检查分组是否为ICMP分组或其他不带端口号码的分组,如是,将该分组传送给信标主机A,如不是,执行步骤(2.3);Step (2.2): check whether the grouping is an ICMP grouping or other grouping without a port number, if so, send the grouping to the beacon host A, if not, perform step (2.3);

步骤(2.3):根据端口的范围,利用步骤(1)所规定的各个计算机所能使用的端口范围,将该分组传送给该计算机;返回执行步骤(2.1);Step (2.3): according to the range of the port, utilize the range of ports available to each computer specified in the step (1), to send the grouping to the computer; return to the execution step (2.1);

步骤(3):所述IPv4地址复用转换器依次按以下步骤对从共享IPv4地址网络的分组到不共享IPv4地址网络的分组进行转换:Step (3): the IPv4 address multiplexing converter converts the grouping of the IPv4 address network from the grouping of the shared IPv4 address network to the grouping of the non-sharing IPv4 address network in the following steps:

步骤(3.1):检查分组的IPv4地址是否为需要转换的地址范围,如是,执行步骤(3.2),如不是,则丢弃该分组,返回执行步骤(3.1);Step (3.1): check whether the IPv4 address of the packet is the address range that needs to be converted, if so, perform the step (3.2), if not, then discard the packet, and return to the execution step (3.1);

步骤(3.2):检查分组的端口是否符合步骤(1)所规定的各个计算机所能使用的端口范围,如是,执行步骤(3.3),如不是,则丢弃该分组,返回执行步骤(3.1);Step (3.2): check whether the port of grouping meets the range of ports that can be used by each computer specified in step (1), if so, perform step (3.3), if not, then discard this grouping, return to perform step (3.1);

步骤(3.3):把分组传送到不共享IPv4地址的网络,返回执行步骤(3.1)。Step (3.3): Send the packet to the network that does not share the IPv4 address, return to execute step (3.1).

当所述IPv4地址复用转换器收到从共享IPv4地址网络的计算机传来的分组时,并当IPv4地址复用转换器需要产生ICMP分组时,产生的ICMP分组将返回给该计算机,而不是传送给信标主机;当所述IPv4地址复用转换器收到从不共享IPv4地址网络的计算机传来的分组时,并当IPv4地址复用转换器需要产生ICMP分组时,按RFC标准进行处理;When the IPv4 address multiplexing converter receives a packet from a computer sharing the IPv4 address network, and when the IPv4 address multiplexing converter needs to generate an ICMP packet, the generated ICMP packet will be returned to the computer instead of Send it to the beacon host; when the IPv4 address multiplexing converter receives a packet from a computer that does not share the IPv4 address network, and when the IPv4 address multiplexing converter needs to generate an ICMP packet, process it according to the RFC standard ;

本发明可用于多个计算机共享单个IPv4地址的网络管理、维护和查错。The invention can be used for network management, maintenance and error checking in which multiple computers share a single IPv4 address.

附图说明 Description of drawings

图1:IPv4地址和端口复用的信标主机设置方法工作流程;Figure 1: The workflow of the beacon host setting method for IPv4 address and port multiplexing;

图2:;信标主机的接入方式。Figure 2: The access method of the beacon host.

具体实施方式 Detailed ways

本发明的信标主机的接入方式如图2所示。当计算机1至计算机N共享同一个IPv4地址(58.200.192.10)时,每个计算机只能使用65,536个端口的一部分,如计算机1只能使用R1(端口0至1023),计算机2只能使用R2(端口1024至2047)等。从不共享IPv4地址的网络送来的分组在IPv4地址复用转换器中将根据规定的端口使用规则,利用隧道或地址转换得方法把分组送到相应的计算机。当ICMP分组从不共享IPv4地址的网络送来时,由于ICMP没有对应得端口号,因此无法送到特定的计算机。The access mode of the beacon host in the present invention is shown in FIG. 2 . When computer 1 to computer N share the same IPv4 address (58.200.192.10), each computer can only use part of the 65,536 ports, such as computer 1 can only use R 1 (port 0 to 1023), computer 2 can only use R 2 (ports 1024 to 2047), etc. The packets sent from the network that does not share the IPv4 address will be sent to the corresponding computer in the IPv4 address multiplexing converter according to the specified port usage rules, using the tunnel or address translation method. When an ICMP packet is sent from a network that does not share an IPv4 address, it cannot be sent to a specific computer because ICMP does not have a corresponding port number.

但ICMP对于网络运行、网络管理和网络查错又非常重要。如常用的ping工具就是使用ICMP协议。因此,我们在共享同一个IPv4地址的计算机中选择1台典型、可靠的主机构成信标主机,例如上述例子中我们可以选择计算机2作为信标主机,在IPv4地址复用转换器中进行相应配置。But ICMP is very important for network operation, network management and network troubleshooting. For example, the commonly used ping tool uses the ICMP protocol. Therefore, we choose a typical and reliable host to form a beacon host among the computers sharing the same IPv4 address. For example, in the above example, we can choose computer 2 as the beacon host and configure it in the IPv4 address multiplexing converter .

这样从非共享IPv4地址计算机发送到到共享IPv4地址的计算机58.200.192.10,且端口范围在1024指2047的非ICMP分组将送到计算机2,同时虽然ICMP分组没有端口号,但根据此例中IPv4地址复用转换器中的规定,ICMP分组也将送到这个信标主机进行处理。比如非共享IPv4地址的主机ping58.200.192.10的ICMP分组将送到信标主机(即计算机2)处理,其返回的ICMP分组可以作为对于共享58.200.192.10地址网络的所有计算机的可达性和网络性能的参考。In this way, the non-ICMP packets sent from the non-shared IPv4 address computer to the shared IPv4 address computer 58.200.192.10, and the port range is 1024 to 2047 will be sent to computer 2, and although the ICMP packet has no port number, according to the IPv4 in this example As stipulated in the address multiplexing converter, ICMP packets will also be sent to this beacon host for processing. For example, the ICMP packet of the host ping58.200.192.10 of the non-shared IPv4 address will be sent to the beacon host (that is, computer 2) for processing, and the returned ICMP packet can be used as the reachability and A reference to network performance.

因此本发明可以解决共享IPv4地址的网络的运行、管理和差错问题。Therefore, the present invention can solve the operation, management and error problems of the network sharing the IPv4 address.

Claims (1)

1.IPv4地址复用转换器中信标主机设置方法,其特征在于,根据互联网控制信令协议ICMP没有端口域的特点,当多个计算机共享单个IPv4地址时,通过以下步骤处理ICMP分组:1. Beacon host setting method in the IPv4 address multiplex converter, it is characterized in that, according to the characteristics of Internet Control Signaling Protocol ICMP there is no port domain, when multiple computers share a single IPv4 address, ICMP grouping is processed by the following steps: 步骤(1):初始化:Step (1): Initialization: 对于每一个IPv4地址,定义IPv4地址复用转换器的复用比,所选复用比是一个IPv4地址同时供多个计算机使用的计算机数量,同时规定每一个计算机所能够使用的端口号范围;For each IPv4 address, define the multiplexing ratio of the IPv4 address multiplexing converter. The selected multiplexing ratio is the number of computers that can be used by multiple computers at the same time for one IPv4 address, and at the same time specify the range of port numbers that can be used by each computer; 在IPv4地址复用转换器中定义共享IPv4地址网络的某台主机为信标主机A,并且指明该信标主机A所能够使用的端口号范围;In the IPv4 address multiplexing converter, define a host sharing the IPv4 address network as beacon host A, and specify the range of port numbers that the beacon host A can use; IPv4地址复用转换器位于不共享IPv4地址的网络和共享IPv4地址的网络之间,在共享IPv4地址的网络中使用隧道的方法或地址转换/协议转换的方法实现IPv4地址的共享;The IPv4 address multiplexing converter is located between the network that does not share IPv4 addresses and the network that shares IPv4 addresses. In the network that shares IPv4 addresses, the method of tunneling or address conversion/protocol conversion is used to realize the sharing of IPv4 addresses; 步骤(2):所述IPv4地址复用转换器依次按以下步骤对从不共享IPv4地址网络的分组到共享IPv4地址网络的分组进行转换:Step (2): the IPv4 address multiplexing converter converts the grouping of the shared IPv4 address network from the grouping of the IPv4 address network to the grouping of the shared IPv4 address network in the following steps: 步骤(2.1):检查分组的IPv4地址是否为需要转换的地址范围,如是,执行步骤(2.2),如不是,则丢弃该分组,返回执行步骤(2.1);Step (2.1): check whether the IPv4 address of packet is the address range that needs to be converted, if so, execute step (2.2), if not, then discard this packet, return to execute step (2.1); 步骤(2.2):检查分组是否为ICMP分组或其他不带端口号的分组,如是,将该分组传送给信标主机A,如不是,执行步骤(2.3);Step (2.2): Check whether the grouping is an ICMP grouping or other grouping without a port number, if so, send the grouping to the beacon host A, if not, perform step (2.3); 步骤(2.3):根据端口号范围,利用步骤(1)所规定的各个计算机所能使用的端口号范围,将该分组传送给该计算机;返回执行步骤(2.1);Step (2.3): according to the range of port numbers, utilize the range of port numbers that can be used by each computer specified in step (1), send the grouping to the computer; return to execute step (2.1); 步骤(3):所述IPv4地址复用转换器依次按以下步骤对从共享IPv4地址网络的分组到不共享IPv4地址网络的分组进行转换:Step (3): the IPv4 address multiplexing converter converts the grouping of the IPv4 address network from the grouping of the shared IPv4 address network to the grouping of the non-sharing IPv4 address network in the following steps: 步骤(3.1):检查分组的IPv4地址是否为需要转换的地址范围,如是,执行步骤(3.2),如不是,则丢弃该分组,返回执行步骤(3.1);Step (3.1): check whether the IPv4 address of the packet is the address range that needs to be converted, if so, perform the step (3.2), if not, then discard the packet, and return to the execution step (3.1); 步骤(3.2):检查分组的端口号是否符合步骤(1)所规定的各个计算机所能使用的端口号范围,如是,执行步骤(3.3),如不是,则丢弃该分组,返回执行步骤(3.1);Step (3.2): check whether the port number of grouping meets the available port number range of each computer stipulated in step (1), if so, perform step (3.3), if not, then discard this grouping, return to perform step (3.1 ); 步骤(3.3):把分组传送到不共享IPv4地址的网络,返回执行步骤(3.1)。Step (3.3): Send the packet to the network that does not share the IPv4 address, return to execute step (3.1).
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