CN101616193B - Setting method of beacon host computer in IPv4 address transmultiplexer - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a setting method of a beacon host computer in an IPv4 address transmultiplexer(TMUX), which belongs to the technical field of computer network communication. The method is characterized in that according to the characteristic of internet control message protocol ICMP that no port domain exits, when a plurality of host computers share a single IPv4 address, an beacon host computer appointed through an IPv4 address TMUX, and the ICMP protocol is processed through the beacon host computer. The method can be applied to the network management, maintenance and debugging of a plurality of computers for sharing a single IPv4 address.

Description

Setting method of beacon host in IPv4 address multiplexing converter

technical field

A beacon host setting method in an IPv4 address multiplexing converter belongs to the technical field of computer Internet communication.

Background technique

The Internet has become the most important information infrastructure in the world, but the addressing range of IPv4, the fourth version of the network protocol widely used on the Internet, is only 2 ³² , that is, 4.3 billion addresses. Years later, IPv4 addresses are about to be allocated.

At present, the absolute number of Internet users in China has become the first in the world, but the penetration rate of the Internet is only 22%, far below the level of developed countries (70%). At the same time, each Chinese Internet user has only 0.6 IPv4 addresses on average. Therefore, for China, IPv4 addresses cannot meet the demand. This problem is very serious for other developing countries such as India.

At present, there are basically two technical routes to solve the above problems, that is, adopting the next generation Internet protocol standard (IPv6) and adopting address translation port mapping technology (NAPT).

The sixth version of the network protocol IPv6 designed by the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) has an address range of 2 ¹²⁸ , which can meet the long-term development needs of the Internet. However, due to various reasons, the IPv6 protocol is incompatible with the IPv4 protocol and cannot be interconnected. The method suggested by IETF is to run IPv4 and IPv4 protocols at the same time, that is, a dual-stack method. But the lack of IPv4 addresses makes it difficult to implement dual stacks. At the same time, the construction cost and operation cost of the dual-stack are also greater than the cost of running IPv4 or IPv6 single-stack alone.

At present, the address translation port mapping technology (NAPT) is widely used in the industry. Its basic principle is based on the five-tuple concept of Internet communication, that is, "protocol, original address, original port, destination address, and destination port" to uniquely determine a communication process. The addressing range of ports is 2 ¹⁶ , that is, 65,536. Therefore, if each computer has only one communication process, theoretically speaking, one IPv4 address can support more than 60,000 computer communications at the same time through address translation port mapping. In NAPT, this mapping relationship is maintained by the conversion device.

Therefore, NAPT can solve the problem of shortage of IPv4 addresses in the near future, and IPv6 can fundamentally solve the problem of shortage of IPv4 addresses. During the transition from NATPT to IPv6, it is a feasible solution to make multiple computer devices share the same IPv4 address by using address port multiplexing technology. However, because ICMP, an important network control message protocol used in network operation and management, has no port number, it will bring problems in network operation, management and error checking.

The basic principle of the present invention is that, according to the Internet control signaling protocol ICMP has no port domain characteristics, when multiple computers in the network share a single IPv4 address, a beacon host is designated in it, and the ICMP protocol is processed by the beacon host. The method can be used for network management, maintenance and error checking in which multiple computers share a single IPv4 address.

Contents of the invention

According to the characteristic that ICMP has no port domain, when multiple computers share a single IPv4 address, ICMP packets are processed through the following steps:

Step (1): Initialization

For each IPv4 address, define the multiplexing ratio of the IPv4 address multiplexing converter, the selected multiplexing ratio is the number of computers that can be used by multiple computers at the same time for one IPv4, and specify the range of port numbers that each computer can use;

In the IPv4 address multiplexing converter, define a host sharing the IPv4 address network as beacon host A, and specify the range of port numbers that the beacon host A can use;

The IPv4 address multiplexing converter is located between the network that does not share IPv4 addresses and the network that shares IPv4 addresses. In the network that shares IPv4 addresses, the method of tunneling or address conversion/protocol conversion is used to realize the sharing of IPv4 addresses;

Step (2): The IPv4 address multiplexing converter converts the packets from the non-shared IPv4 address network to the packets from the shared IPv4 address network in turn according to the following steps

Step (2.1): check whether the IPv4 address of packet is the address range that needs to be converted, if so, execute step (2.2), if not, then discard this packet, return to execute step (2.1);

Step (2.2): check whether the grouping is an ICMP grouping or other grouping without a port number, if so, send the grouping to the beacon host A, if not, perform step (2.3);

Step (2.3): according to the range of the port, utilize the range of ports available to each computer specified in the step (1), to send the grouping to the computer; return to the execution step (2.1);

Step (3): the IPv4 address multiplexing converter converts the grouping of the IPv4 address network from the grouping of the shared IPv4 address network to the grouping of the non-sharing IPv4 address network in the following steps:

Step (3.1): check whether the IPv4 address of the packet is the address range that needs to be converted, if so, perform the step (3.2), if not, then discard the packet, and return to the execution step (3.1);

Step (3.2): check whether the port of grouping meets the range of ports that can be used by each computer specified in step (1), if so, perform step (3.3), if not, then discard this grouping, return to perform step (3.1);

Step (3.3): Send the packet to the network that does not share the IPv4 address, return to execute step (3.1).

When the IPv4 address multiplexing converter receives a packet from a computer sharing the IPv4 address network, and when the IPv4 address multiplexing converter needs to generate an ICMP packet, the generated ICMP packet will be returned to the computer instead of Send it to the beacon host; when the IPv4 address multiplexing converter receives a packet from a computer that does not share the IPv4 address network, and when the IPv4 address multiplexing converter needs to generate an ICMP packet, process it according to the RFC standard ;

The invention can be used for network management, maintenance and error checking in which multiple computers share a single IPv4 address.

Description of drawings

Figure 1: The workflow of the beacon host setting method for IPv4 address and port multiplexing;

Figure 2: The access method of the beacon host.

Detailed ways

The access mode of the beacon host in the present invention is shown in FIG. 2 . When computer 1 to computer N share the same IPv4 address (58.200.192.10), each computer can only use part of the 65,536 ports, such as computer 1 can only use R ₁ (port 0 to 1023), computer 2 can only use R ₂ (ports 1024 to 2047), etc. The packets sent from the network that does not share the IPv4 address will be sent to the corresponding computer in the IPv4 address multiplexing converter according to the specified port usage rules, using the tunnel or address translation method. When an ICMP packet is sent from a network that does not share an IPv4 address, it cannot be sent to a specific computer because ICMP does not have a corresponding port number.

But ICMP is very important for network operation, network management and network troubleshooting. For example, the commonly used ping tool uses the ICMP protocol. Therefore, we choose a typical and reliable host to form a beacon host among the computers sharing the same IPv4 address. For example, in the above example, we can choose computer 2 as the beacon host and configure it in the IPv4 address multiplexing converter .

In this way, the non-ICMP packets sent from the non-shared IPv4 address computer to the shared IPv4 address computer 58.200.192.10, and the port range is 1024 to 2047 will be sent to computer 2, and although the ICMP packet has no port number, according to the IPv4 in this example As stipulated in the address multiplexing converter, ICMP packets will also be sent to this beacon host for processing. For example, the ICMP packet of the host ping58.200.192.10 of the non-shared IPv4 address will be sent to the beacon host (that is, computer 2) for processing, and the returned ICMP packet can be used as the reachability and A reference to network performance.

Therefore, the present invention can solve the operation, management and error problems of the network sharing the IPv4 address.

Claims (1)

1. Beacon host setting method in the IPv4 address multiplex converter, it is characterized in that, according to the characteristics of Internet Control Signaling Protocol ICMP there is no port domain, when multiple computers share a single IPv4 address, ICMP grouping is processed by the following steps: Step (1): Initialization: For each IPv4 address, define the multiplexing ratio of the IPv4 address multiplexing converter. The selected multiplexing ratio is the number of computers that can be used by multiple computers at the same time for one IPv4 address, and at the same time specify the range of port numbers that can be used by each computer; In the IPv4 address multiplexing converter, define a host sharing the IPv4 address network as beacon host A, and specify the range of port numbers that the beacon host A can use; The IPv4 address multiplexing converter is located between the network that does not share IPv4 addresses and the network that shares IPv4 addresses. In the network that shares IPv4 addresses, the method of tunneling or address conversion/protocol conversion is used to realize the sharing of IPv4 addresses; Step (2): the IPv4 address multiplexing converter converts the grouping of the shared IPv4 address network from the grouping of the IPv4 address network to the grouping of the shared IPv4 address network in the following steps: Step (2.1): check whether the IPv4 address of packet is the address range that needs to be converted, if so, execute step (2.2), if not, then discard this packet, return to execute step (2.1); Step (2.2): Check whether the grouping is an ICMP grouping or other grouping without a port number, if so, send the grouping to the beacon host A, if not, perform step (2.3); Step (2.3): according to the range of port numbers, utilize the range of port numbers that can be used by each computer specified in step (1), send the grouping to the computer; return to execute step (2.1); Step (3): the IPv4 address multiplexing converter converts the grouping of the IPv4 address network from the grouping of the shared IPv4 address network to the grouping of the non-sharing IPv4 address network in the following steps: Step (3.1): check whether the IPv4 address of the packet is the address range that needs to be converted, if so, perform the step (3.2), if not, then discard the packet, and return to the execution step (3.1); Step (3.2): check whether the port number of grouping meets the available port number range of each computer stipulated in step (1), if so, perform step (3.3), if not, then discard this grouping, return to perform step (3.1 ); Step (3.3): Send the packet to the network that does not share the IPv4 address, return to execute step (3.1).

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