CN101614147A - The Exhaust gas purifying device of internal-combustion engine - Google Patents

The Exhaust gas purifying device of internal-combustion engine Download PDF

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Publication number
CN101614147A
CN101614147A CN200910141596A CN200910141596A CN101614147A CN 101614147 A CN101614147 A CN 101614147A CN 200910141596 A CN200910141596 A CN 200910141596A CN 200910141596 A CN200910141596 A CN 200910141596A CN 101614147 A CN101614147 A CN 101614147A
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China
Prior art keywords
oxidation catalyst
catalyst
precious metal
additive
upstream side
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CN200910141596A
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CN101614147B (en
Inventor
恒川希代香
冈田公二郎
信原惠
畠道博
川岛一仁
田代圭介
菊池诚二
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Mitsubishi Motors Corp
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Mitsubishi Motors Corp
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01NGAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/18Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
    • F01N3/20Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
    • F01N3/206Adding periodically or continuously substances to exhaust gases for promoting purification, e.g. catalytic material in liquid form, NOx reducing agents
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01NGAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/0807Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by using absorbents or adsorbents
    • F01N3/0814Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by using absorbents or adsorbents combined with catalytic converters, e.g. NOx absorption/storage reduction catalysts
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01NGAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2370/00Selection of materials for exhaust purification
    • F01N2370/02Selection of materials for exhaust purification used in catalytic reactors
    • F01N2370/04Zeolitic material
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01NGAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2510/00Surface coverings
    • F01N2510/06Surface coverings for exhaust purification, e.g. catalytic reaction
    • F01N2510/063Surface coverings for exhaust purification, e.g. catalytic reaction zeolites
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01NGAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2570/00Exhaust treating apparatus eliminating, absorbing or adsorbing specific elements or compounds
    • F01N2570/12Hydrocarbons
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01NGAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2610/00Adding substances to exhaust gases
    • F01N2610/03Adding substances to exhaust gases the substance being hydrocarbons, e.g. engine fuel

Abstract

A kind of Exhaust gas purifying device of internal-combustion engine, upstream side at NOx adsoption catalyst (11) is provided with oxidation catalyst (10), have and to flow into denseization of exhaust of NOx adsoption catalyst and the NOx cleaning device of the NOx reduction removal on the NOx adsoption catalyst of will attracting deposits, oxidation catalyst is made of upstream side oxidation catalyst (10a) that comprises catalyzer precious metals such as Pt and the downstream side oxidation catalyst (10b) downstream side, that comprise catalyzer precious metals such as the zeolite that adsorbs additive and Pt that is located at this upstream side oxidation catalyst.

Description

The Exhaust gas purifying device of internal-combustion engine
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of Exhaust gas purifying device of internal-combustion engine, relate in particular to a kind of formation of oxidation catalyst of the upstream side that is located at the exhaust gas purification means.
Background technique
As the device that diesel exhaust gas is purified (exhaust gas purification means), the structure that is equipped with NOx (nitrogen oxide) adsoption catalyst on exhaust passageway is arranged.NOx adsoption catalyst can attract deposits NOx and SOx (oxysulfide) in the exhaust.In addition, known have a following regeneration method: by the upstream side at the NOx adsoption catalyst oxidation catalyst is set, upstream side to oxidation catalyst sprays the supply additive, by oxidation catalyst generation oxidation reaction (burning), produce the atmosphere of exhaust (dense air fuel ratio atmosphere) of high temperature and few oxygen, reduction such as NOx on the NOx adsoption catalyst and SOx are removed with attracting deposits.Especially when the additive of supplying with to oxidation catalyst is fuel, the fuel that adds from the additive supplier becomes droplet-like, therefore be necessary to promote to add the gasification of fuel, to add the main component HC oxidation reaction in the fuel and delivery temperature is risen, and by the consumption of oxygen in the exhaust that brings by this oxidation reaction and the supply of HC, denseization of air fuel ratio with atmosphere of exhaust realizes reducing atmosphere on the NOx adsoption catalyst.
Yet, in this regeneration method, when the delivery temperature of discharging from motor as cold-starting for example the time is low, the fuel that sprays to exhaust passageway keeps droplet-like to add to oxidation catalyst, or by oxidation catalyst inside oxidation reaction can not be carried out efficiently, therefore may discharge a large amount of HC downstream.Perhaps, the temperature of catalyzer is low during as cold-starting for example, and do not reach the activity of such catalysts temperature when (being used for necessary temp) with the abundant oxidation of HC, even the fuel of supplying with droplet-like or having gasified to oxidation catalyst, oxidation reaction can not fully be carried out, and therefore may discharge a large amount of HC downstream.And the catalyst temperature of NOx adsoption catalyst is low to add that regeneration can not fully carry out, and Ran HC may not flow out downstream from the NOx adsoption catalyst.In addition, under the situation that oxidation reaction is not fully carried out, only the fuel of easy oxidation is carried out oxidation by the oxidation catalyst that is configured in upstream side, the fuel that is difficult to oxidation is discharged downstream as the HC that does not fire, and may not use the fuel that adds for the regeneration of controlling the NOx adsoption catalyst efficiently.
Therefore, develop the zeolite that adsorbable HC is set between oxidation catalyst and NOx adsoption catalyst, adsorbing remaining HC, preventing to flow out downstream the technology (with reference to TOHKEMY 2006-329020 communique) of HC.
Yet, even according to the disclosed such Exhaust gas purifying device that constitutes of above-mentioned communique, when also existing as cold-starting low, the oxygen of the oxidative function of oxidation catalyst fully consume, or delivery temperature does not rise to the situation of set point of temperature.At this moment, have to further supply with additive, realizing reducing atmosphere or to make delivery temperature rise to set point of temperature, thereby caused the increase of depletion of additive amount to oxidation catalyst.And, though consider that also increasing the catalyzer noble metal amount that oxidation catalyst contained waits the method that improves oxidizability, the problem that also exists cost significantly to rise.
Summary of the invention
The present invention makes in view of such problem, its purpose is to provide a kind of Exhaust gas purifying device, it can suppress the increase of product cost of oxidation catalyst and the useless consumption of catalyzer, and the oxidizability when improving low temperature is simultaneously guaranteed necessary exhaust purification performance.
In order to achieve the above object, Exhaust gas purifying device of the present invention comprises: be located at exhaust gas purification means on the exhaust passageway of internal-combustion engine, purifying exhaust gas gas; Be located at the oxidation catalyst on the exhaust passageway of upstream side of exhaust gas purification means; Be located on the exhaust passageway of upstream side of oxidation catalyst, supply with the additive supplier of additive to this oxidation catalyst, it is characterized in that oxidation catalyst is by the upstream side oxidation catalyst that comprises the catalyzer precious metal; Be located at this upstream side oxidation catalyst the downstream side, comprise and constitute the additive sorbing material that adsorbs additive and the downstream side oxidation catalyst that comprises the catalyzer precious metal.
Thus, be in low-temperature condition and oxidation reaction when fully not carrying out, even additive is by also by additive sorbing material absorption that downstream side oxidation catalyst comprised in upstream side oxidation catalyst.Therefore, can not flow into necessary additive in addition to the exhaust gas purification means, suppressant additive flows out downstream.
When the oxygen concentration of delivery temperature and exhaust gas or near the oxygen concentration catalyst temperature and the catalyzer reach defined terms, be adsorbed on the additive on the additive sorbing material, discharge to the outside of additive sorbing material.Especially in the present invention, the additive sorbing material is included in the downstream side oxidation catalyst and forms, when therefore additive discharges from the additive sorbing material, d/d additive can be improved the air fuel ratio of delivery temperature and denseization atmosphere of exhaust efficiently by the catalyzer precious metal oxidation that downstream side oxidation catalyst comprised.Therefore, can not use the additive that adds to oxidation catalyst, the increase of suppressant additive consumption lavishly flexibly.Oxidizability during especially by raising low temperature can make the exhaust gas purification means regenerate efficiently, guarantees exhaust purification performance.In addition, by using the additive sorbing material, can suppress the consumption of catalyzer precious metal in the downstream side oxidation catalyst, the product cost that can suppress oxidation catalyst increases.
It is desirable to, upstream side oxidation catalyst is made of more than one the precious metal that comprises rhodium at least as the catalyzer precious metal, and downstream side oxidation catalyst is made of at least a above precious metal that does not comprise rhodium as the catalyzer precious metal.
Thus, do not use the expensive catalysts Noble Metal Rhodium in downstream side oxidation catalyst, the cost that can suppress oxidation catalyst increases.
In this case, it is desirable to, upstream side oxidation catalyst comprises platinum, palladium and rhodium as the catalyzer precious metal, and downstream side oxidation catalyst comprises platinum, palladium as the catalyzer precious metal, and comprises zeolite as the additive sorbing material.
Thus, do not use the expensive catalysts Noble Metal Rhodium also can improve oxidizability in downstream side oxidation catalyst, therefore when fully guaranteeing oxidizability, the cost that can suppress oxidation catalyst significantly increases.In addition by using platinum, palladium, even when low temperature, also can guarantee sufficient oxidizability to the droplet-like additive as the catalyzer precious metal.
Description of drawings
By detailed description described later and only be used to the accompanying drawing that illustrates, the present invention can be understood better, but this can not limit the present invention.
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of engine's exhaust system of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the figure of the relation of expression formation of oxidation catalyst and exhaust purification performance.
Fig. 3 is the figure that under each catalyst temperature the HC purification efficiency is compared.
Embodiment
Below, with reference to the accompanying drawings, example of the present invention is described.
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of the vent systems of the suitable diesel engine that turbosupercharger is installed (hereinafter referred to as motor 1) of Exhaust gas purifying device of the present invention.
On the outlet pipe 2 of motor 1, upstream side catalyst unit 3 and downstream side catalyst elements 4 these two catalyst elements are installed.
Upstream side oxidation catalyst unit 3 disposes near the downstream side of the turbine 5 of turbosupercharger, and oxidation catalyst 10 is equipped with in its inside.Oxidation catalyst 10 is by carrying platinum catalyzer precious metals such as (Pt) on the porous wall of passage and form forming, and the CO in the exhaust and HC oxidation can be changed into CO 2And H 2O, and the NO oxidation in the exhaust generated NO 2
Downstream side catalyst elements 4 is configured in the downstream side of upstream side oxidation catalyst unit 3 as catalyzer under the floor (day: bed down catalyst), and NOx adsoption catalyst 11 is equipped with in its inside.NOx adsoption catalyst 11, in comprising the carrier of for example platinum (Pt), palladium catalyzer precious metals such as (Pd), carry barium (Ba), potassium NOx storage agent such as (K), can catch NOx down in rare air fuel ratio atmosphere (oxidizing atmosphere), on the other hand, under the dense air fuel ratio atmosphere (reducing atmosphere) of high temperature, the NOx that catches is discharged, itself and HC, CO in the exhaust are reacted and reduce.
For on NOx adsoption catalyst 11, realize discharging required high temperature and the reducing atmosphere of NOx, NOx adsoption catalyst reclaimer (NOx cleaning device) is equipped with.The NOx cleaning device is by constituting as the outlet pipe fuel injection valve 12 of additive supplier with to the ECU13 that it is controlled.Outlet pipe fuel injection valve 12 is configured in the upstream side of oxidation catalyst 10, can fuel be sprayed in the outlet pipe 2 of the upstream side of oxidation catalyst 10 by the fuel of the never illustrated fuel tank supply of petrolift as additive.ECU13 comprises input output unit, storage device (ROM, RAM, non-volatile ram etc.), central processing unit (CPU) (CPU) etc., according to from the detection information of various kinds of sensors such as not shown air flow sensor, CKP, catalyst position sensor, be that the operating condition of motor 1 is controlled burner oil in outlet pipe 2 to outlet pipe fuel injection valve 12.In view of the above, the main component HC that is ejected into the fuel in the outlet pipe 2 carries out oxidation reaction on oxidation catalyst 10, make the exhaust-gas temperature rising that passes through, and consumed the oxygen in the exhaust, makes denseization of air fuel ratio of the exhaust that flows into NOx adsoption catalyst 11.When removing NOx, spray intermittently from the fuel of outlet pipe fuel injection valve 12 and to carry out, the air fuel ratio that makes exhaust thereupon rare and dense between cyclically-varying.
In this example, the oxidation catalyst 10 with upstream side oxidation catalyst unit 3 is divided into upstream side oxidation catalyst 10a and downstream side oxidation catalyst 10b two-part especially.The catalyzer precious metal of upstream side oxidation catalyst 10a is made of Pt, Pd and rhodium (Rh).Downstream side oxidation catalyst 10b adopts Pt, Pd as the catalyzer precious metal, and adds zeolite as the additive sorbing material.Zeolite can adsorbed fuel primary coil HC, with state of contact around the catalyzer precious metal under or be added near catalyzer precious metal extreme.
Adopt said structure, in this example, in order to remove NOx fuel is sprayed and inflow oxidation catalyst 10 from outlet pipe fuel injection valve 12, at first HC carries out oxidation reaction on upstream side oxidation catalyst 10a, makes exhaust-gas temperature rising and air fuel ratio is reduced.Yet when oxidation catalyst 10 was in low-temperature condition as for example motor has just started the back, the fuel that flows into oxidation catalyst 10 did not have abundant oxidation, had a large amount of HC by oxidation catalyst 10.In this example, in downstream side oxidation catalyst 10b, added zeolite, the HC by upstream side oxidation catalyst 10a is attracted on this zeolite, therefore can prevent to discharge a large amount of HC to the downstream of catalyst elements 3.In addition, in case be adsorbed on HC on the zeolite in the downstream side oxidation catalyst, because operating condition discharges from the zeolite that downstream side oxidation catalyst 10b is comprised, at once the catalyzer precious metal oxidations such as Pt that comprised by downstream side oxidation catalyst 10b successively.Especially, be added on the zeolite among the downstream side oxidation catalyst 10b, be configured under the state of contact around the catalyzer precious metal that is comprised with downstream side oxidation catalyst 10b or near catalyzer precious metal extreme, therefore on downstream side oxidation catalyst 10b, can be from the HC that zeolite discharges by the oxidation efficiently at once of catalyzer precious metal, the result has improved the oxidative function of oxidation catalyst 10 integral body.So, the fuel that sprays from outlet pipe fuel injection valve 12 can be used for exhaust-gas temperature rising efficiently to the temperature of regulation and reduce air fuel ratio and realize reducing atmosphere, thereby the adding quantity of fuel can be suppressed to necessary minimum flow, can further improve the fuel utilization ratio.
Fig. 2 is the figure of the relation of expression formation of oxidation catalyst and exhaust purification performance.In the figure, as exhaust purification performance, HC throughput and NOx throughput according to having the antinomy relation compare this example (A among the figure) and prior art (B, C among the figure).The expression position is the closer to the left bottom among the figure, and HC throughput and NOx throughput become more little, and it is good more that exhaust purification performance becomes.At this example is in (A), adopts Pt, Pd, Rh as the catalyzer precious metal in upstream side oxidation catalyst 10a, adopts Pt, Pd as the catalyzer precious metal in downstream side oxidation catalyst 10b, and uses zeolite as the additive sorbing material.In prior art (B), in upstream side oxidation catalyst 10a, adopt Pt, Pd, Rh as the catalyzer precious metal, in downstream side oxidation catalyst 10b, adopt Pt, Pd as the catalyzer precious metal.And, in prior art (C), in upstream side oxidation catalyst 10a, adopt Pt, Pd, Rh as the catalyzer precious metal, in downstream side oxidation catalyst 10b, adopt Pt, Pd, Rh as the catalyzer precious metal.
As shown in Figure 2, as can be seen, this example shown in (A) is compared with (B) that do not use zeolite among the figure, has improved exhaust purification performance.And this example (A) is compared with the prior art (C) that also adopts Rh in downstream side oxidation catalyst 10b, has also improved exhaust purification performance.
The rhodium of one of catalyzer precious metal (Rh), beginning oxidation from low-temperature region increases, and demonstrate the high oxidation effect under dense air fuel ratio atmosphere, therefore known have the method that adopts rhodium to improve exhaust purification performance, but have the problem than other catalyzer precious metal costliness.In this example, in upstream side oxidation catalyst 10a, use rhodium as one of catalyzer precious metal, but by in downstream side oxidation catalyst 10b, adding zeolite as the additive sorbing material, even do not use rhodium can provide oxidation catalyst yet, can save product cost with regulation oxidizability.In addition, as mentioned above,, adopt the oxidation catalyst of rhodium to compare, can improve oxidizability all the better with prior art by in downstream side oxidation catalyst 10b, adding zeolite as the additive sorbing material.
Fig. 3 is the figure of the HC purification efficiency (oxidation efficiency) of one of exhaust purification performance index under each catalyst temperature of expression, and this example that above-mentioned to having (A) constitutes compares with the prior art with (B) formation.
As shown in Figure 3, as can be seen, this example (A) is compared the HC purification efficiency that has especially improved low-temperature region with the prior art that does not have zeolite (B).Therefore, in this example, the NOx adsoption catalyst 11 of also regenerating when low temperature can fully be guaranteed exhaust purification performance.
In this example, in downstream side oxidation catalyst 10b, used zeolite, but be not limited thereto, so long as have absorption additives function material just passable.Especially, preferably with catalyzer precious metal state of contact under the material that is added.
And, in this example, by improving the oxidative function of oxidation catalyst 10, the NOx adsoption catalyst of can on NOx adsoption catalyst 11, regenerating expeditiously, and keep exhaust purification performance, but the invention is not restricted to this, for example also can on NOx adsoption catalyst 11, carry out the disengaging control (S regeneration control, S remove control) of S (sulphur) expeditiously.And, when the downstream at oxidation catalyst 10 is provided with DPF (diesel particulate thing filter), also can help to improve the regeneration efficiency of DPF.

Claims (3)

1. the Exhaust gas purifying device of an internal-combustion engine comprises:
Be located at exhaust gas purification means (11) on the exhaust passageway (2) of internal-combustion engine (1), purifying exhaust gas gas;
Be located at the oxidation catalyst (10) on the exhaust passageway of upstream side of described exhaust gas purification means;
Be located on the exhaust passageway of upstream side of described oxidation catalyst, supply with the additive supplier (12) of additive to this oxidation catalyst, it is characterized in that,
Described oxidation catalyst (10) comprising: the upstream side oxidation catalyst (10a) that comprises the catalyzer precious metal; Be located at this upstream side oxidation catalyst the downstream side, comprise the additive sorbing material that adsorbs additive and the downstream side oxidation catalyst (10b) of catalyzer precious metal.
2. the Exhaust gas purifying device of internal-combustion engine as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that,
Described upstream side oxidation catalyst (10a) is made of more than one the precious metal that comprises rhodium at least as described catalyzer precious metal;
Described downstream side oxidation catalyst (10b) is made of more than one the precious metal that does not comprise rhodium as described catalyzer precious metal.
3. the Exhaust gas purifying device of internal-combustion engine as claimed in claim 2 is characterized in that,
Described upstream side oxidation catalyst (10a) comprises platinum, palladium and rhodium as described catalyzer precious metal;
Described downstream side oxidation catalyst (10b) comprises platinum, palladium as described catalyzer precious metal, and comprises zeolite as described additive sorbing material.
CN2009101415966A 2008-06-27 2009-06-01 Exhaust purification apparatus of internal-combustion engine Active CN101614147B (en)

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JP2008168533A JP4507018B2 (en) 2008-06-27 2008-06-27 Exhaust gas purification device for internal combustion engine
JP2008-168533 2008-06-27
JP2008168533 2008-06-27

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CN102562232A (en) * 2011-12-31 2012-07-11 杭州银轮科技有限公司 Module used for installing ejection unit for tail gas treatment of diesel engine

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CN102562232A (en) * 2011-12-31 2012-07-11 杭州银轮科技有限公司 Module used for installing ejection unit for tail gas treatment of diesel engine

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DE102009022914A1 (en) 2010-01-14
JP2010005552A (en) 2010-01-14
JP4507018B2 (en) 2010-07-21
DE102009022914B4 (en) 2013-09-05

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Address after: No. 21, No. 3, Dingmu, No. 1, Toshiba, Tokyo, Japan

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