CN101613082A

CN101613082A - A kind of manufacture method of producing the aluminium alloy of hydrogen

Info

Publication number: CN101613082A
Application number: CN200810115694A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 唐光诗; 王鹏慧
Original assignee: Beijing University of Chemical Technology
Current assignee: Beijing University of Chemical Technology
Priority date: 2008-06-27
Filing date: 2008-06-27
Publication date: 2009-12-30

Abstract

The present invention relates to a kind of manufacture method of aluminium alloy, make a kind of aluminium alloy that can produce hydrogen with the technology of powder metallurgy, this aluminium alloy is stable in the air, meets water generates hydrogen.The aluminium alloy main component is a metallic aluminium, and submember is a gallium, and metallic aluminium can total overall reaction produce hydrogen.

Description

A kind of manufacture method of producing the aluminium alloy of hydrogen

Technical field

The present invention relates to a kind of gallium aluminium metal of using and make aluminium alloy a kind of and water reaction generation hydrogen by powder metallurgy technology.This aluminium alloy and water reaction can produce hydrogen efficiently, rapidly, completely, can be used in the automobile of combustion hydrogen engine or all kinds of automobiles of hydrogen fuel cell, also can give emergent portable power generation machine hydrogen supply to drive wheelchair, golf cart, small agricultural machinery, battlefield robot etc., also can provide hydrogen source to keep the health of environment for the combustion hydrogen engine at enclosed space (as submarine), in a word, as long as water filling just can produce the extraordinary aluminium alloy of hydrogen and have broad application prospects, be the essential product of social life in the future.

Technical background

Along with exhausting day by day of oil and coal resource and growing to even greater heights of price, the requirement that urban environment is administered, the alternative energy of environmental protection is extremely urgent demand.In the face of the recoverable amount of nearly 1,000,000,000 cars in the whole world, automobile accounts for more than 50% the consumption of fuel oil, also is the primary pollution source of urban air, and acting as a fuel with hydrogen is a selection, thereby the solution on-board hydrogen source has more urgency.The advantage of aluminium alloy hydrogen manufacturing mainly is to improve the level of safety with hydrogen with avoiding the obstacle of hydrogen storage and transportation.Can certainly provide hydrogen source to hydrogen fuel cell, to obtain needed electric energy.The essence that aluminium alloy produces hydrogen is that the form of electric energy with metallic aluminium stored, and the effect of rechargeable battery is played in the use of portable convenient.Along with the raising of oil and coal price lattice with exhaust and environmental protection requirement, the advantage of nuclear power shows gradually, and utilizing nuclear power can be the thing of an economic environmental protection with producing the alumina eltrolysis regeneration that obtains behind the hydrogen.

The China's Aluminum ore reserves is very abundant, compares with various non-ferrous metals, and the content of aluminium in aluminum ore is much higher, has bigger advantage on resource.And the aluminium hydroxide that generates easily is converted into aluminum oxide, produces aluminium than from alum clay mineral products aluminium considerably cheaper by aluminum oxide, compares with gasoline to have very strong price competitiveness, and as the gallium of dissipated metal, China is rich in minerals, has possessed resources supplIes well.In bauxite and zink sulphide, generally all be rich in gallium element, and with common chemical process, just reach 3N purity (99.9%) easily, satisfy the requirement of gallium purity in the alloy, more much lower than used gallium purity in photoelectron and the semiconductor material, also considerably cheaper; Fusing point is 29.78 ℃, and boiling point is 2070 ℃, and gallium is an inert metal, and is stable in the air under the normal temperature, does not react with water, and this provides convenience for the practical application of gallium.

The present domestic similar techniques of still not having.

Summary of the invention

The present invention relates to a kind of preparation of particular aluminum alloy, the metal that plays active function may also extend into other metal except gallium metal, and as zinc, indium, germanium, boron etc., their preparation method is similar.With superfine metal aluminium powder and gallium metal is raw material, and the foam metallurgical method by easy economy by technology such as high pressure, sintering, moulding, has obtained a kind of alloy that can produce hydrogen rapidly, efficiently, completely.Generally in inert atmosphere or nitrogen atmosphere, carry out rare gas element such as argon gas, nitrogen, helium etc. when preparing this class alloy.

Metallic aluminium forms fine and close sull in air, can form aluminum hydroxide precipitation and continue and the water reaction to stop aluminium attached to the aluminum metal surface in water, and principle of the present invention avoids both of these case to occur exactly.Thereby the surface coverage gallium at metallic aluminium makes it and the isolated reactive behavior that keeps metallic aluminium of air; Eliminate aluminum hydroxide precipitation and realize by two measures, the one, aluminium hydroxide is dissolved in the solution of gallium hydroxide, and the 2nd, in water, add sequestrant dissolved hydrogen aluminum oxide, make metallic aluminium continue to generate hydrogen thereby make it not form aluminum hydroxide precipitation with the water reaction.

The acquisition of metal-powder is generally undertaken by efficient ball mill under inert atmosphere or nitrogen atmosphere, the granularity of metal-powder generally at 50 orders between 3000 orders, definite by sieving; The metal-powder of determining granularity is mixed with gallium by certain weight ratio, casting knot under certain pressure is perhaps tied metal-powder casting earlier or sintering, is dipped in the liquid metal gallium again, make gallium can cover the metallic aluminium surface fully, thereby obtain the powder metallurgy solid piece with secluding air.These powder metallurgy solids can be determined microtexture by X-ray diffraction.

The powder metallurgy solid that obtains is placed the device of similar kipp gas generator, add the entry or the aqueous solution, reaction produces hydrogen.The process of reaction can freely be controlled with the pressure of hydrogen, and is complete up to the metallic aluminium total overall reaction.Containing in the aqueous solution can aluminium chelate ionic sequestrant, as deferoxamine mesylate, and oxysuccinic acid etc.Gallium and water reaction at a certain temperature produces gallium hydroxide, and gallium hydroxide solution is alkalescence, can the dissolved hydrogen aluminum oxide, make it to be not attached to the metallic aluminium surface, thus make metallic aluminium can with the water sustained reaction.

After metal aluminium plus gallium and water react completely, with resultant heating, obtain metal oxide, chemical purification can the secondary metal gallium, and aluminum oxide can electrolytic regeneration aluminium.In a word, essence of the present invention is a kind of energy storage equipment, and is easy to use as the energy of mobile equipment, economic environmental protection.

Example 1 obtains the aluminium powder 50g of 200--400 order granularity by ball mill in inert atmosphere, stirs to join in the 15g Gallium solution, and congruent melting (molten), cooling reaches the blend of crystallite phase gradually, obtains alloy body 65g.In kipp gas generator, alloy body and 30 ℃ of water react, and produce hydrogen.The reacting weight that metering gas is converted to aluminium is 98.7.

Example 2 joins the stirring of 10g Gallium solution among the aluminium powder 50g of 50-100 order granularity in inert atmosphere, and Gallium solution is covered aluminium powder fully, and cooling forms alloy body 60g.In kipp gas generator, alloy body and 30 ℃ of water react, and produce hydrogen.The reacting weight that metering gas is converted to aluminium is 96.7.

Example 3 with the aluminium powder 50g oxyhydrogen flame sinter molding of 100--200 order granularity, covers the aluminium powder piece surface of moulding with the 10g Gallium solution in inert atmosphere, accomplish to cover fully, and cooling obtains solid alloy.In kipp gas generator, the alloy body and the aqueous solution react, and produce hydrogen, contain the chelate aluminum ion mixture in the aqueous solution, and concentration is 20% (molar percentage), and sequestrant is deferoxamine mesylate or oxysuccinic acid.The reacting weight that metering gas is converted to aluminium is 97.8.

Claims

The preparation method of 1 one kinds of aluminum gallium alloys, this aluminum gallium alloy can react with water, and the aluminium total overall reaction produces hydrogen.
The preparation method of 2 one kinds of described compounds of claim 1 is characterized in that powder metallurgy, and this method comprises following each step:

1) in inert atmosphere, be generally argon gas or nitrogen,, sieve metallic aluminium mechanical disintegration powdered with ball mill or other instruments, determine powder size, between the 500-10 order;

2) in inert atmosphere, be generally argon gas or nitrogen; Temperature is below the fusing point of aluminium, with 1) powder hot-cast moulding, obtain the floury texture metallic aluminium, and this metal aluminum blocks be soaked in the liquid metal gallium, temperature is between 2000--30 ℃, the cooling, obtain aluminum gallium alloy;

3) in inert atmosphere, be generally argon gas or nitrogen; With 1) powder join in the hot liquid gallium, temperature is between 2000--30 ℃, stir, die casting, cooling obtains gallium aluminium and closes powder metallurgy;

4) in inert atmosphere, be generally argon gas or nitrogen; With 1) powder and the powder of gallium heat altogether, temperature is between 2000--30 ℃, obtains aluminum gallium alloy after the cooling.
3 in right 2 in the preparation of aluminum gallium alloy, and aluminium: the weight ratio scope of gallium was at 95: 5 to 50: 50, and the purity of gallium aluminium metal can be electronic-grade purity, also can be general industry product purity.
4 in right 2 in the preparation of aluminum gallium alloy, and inert atmosphere refers to a kind of or two kinds and the above mixture in nitrogen, helium, the argon gas.
5 in the process that produces hydrogen, and the water that reacts with aluminium alloy comprises common daily water consumption, also comprises the aqueous solution that contains extraordinary sequestrant.
6 sequestrants of mentioning in right 5 comprise chelate aluminum ion mixture such as deferoxamine mesylate or oxysuccinic acid.