CN101611113A - Fluorinated composition and the system that uses this based composition - Google Patents

Fluorinated composition and the system that uses this based composition Download PDF

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CN101611113A
CN101611113A CNA2007800517285A CN200780051728A CN101611113A CN 101611113 A CN101611113 A CN 101611113A CN A2007800517285 A CNA2007800517285 A CN A2007800517285A CN 200780051728 A CN200780051728 A CN 200780051728A CN 101611113 A CN101611113 A CN 101611113A
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weight
composition
vaporizer
pipeline
condenser
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D·B·比文斯
T·J·莱克
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EIDP Inc
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EI Du Pont de Nemours and Co
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Abstract

Disclose refrigerant composition, described composition comprises following component as expressed in weight percent, and makes and to comprise that any additives the total adds up to 100%.7.0-9.0 the R32[methylene fluoride of weight %, CH 2F 2, the normality boiling point is-51.7 ℃]; 39.0-50.0 the R125[pentafluoride ethane of weight %, CF 3CHF 2, the normality boiling point is-48.5 ℃]; 39.0-50.0 the R134a[1 of weight %, 1,1,2-Tetrafluoroethane, CF 3CHF 2, the normality boiling point is-26.1 ℃]; 1.9 to the hydrocarbon of 2.5 weight %, described hydrocarbon is basically by the R600[normal butane of 1.5-1.8 weight %, CH 3CH 2CH 2CH 3, the normality boiling point is-0.5 ℃] and the R601a[iso-pentane of 0.4-0.7 weight %, ((CH 3L) 2LCHCH 2CH 3, the normality boiling point is+27.8 ℃] or R601[Skellysolve A (CH 3CH 2CH 2CH 2CH 3, the normality boiling point is+36 ℃] form.Also disclose and used reezer system, refrigerator, air-conditioning, water-cooled water cooler and the thermal pump of composition described herein as at least a heat transfer composition in the equipment.

Description

Fluorinated composition and the system that uses this based composition
Invention field
The present invention relates to comprise methylene fluoride, pentafluoride ethane and 1,1,1, the composition of the mixture of 2-Tetrafluoroethane and normal butane and iso-pentane.
Background of invention
Fluorinated hydrocarbons has many purposes, and one of them is as being used for the heat transfer composition that air-conditioning, thermal pump, water-cooled water cooler and refrigerator are used.
Complete and partially halogenated Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) (for example widely used difluorochloromethane, R22) relevant with various depletion of the ozone layer problems.Therefore their purposes and preparation are restricted.
Therefore, need have zero ozone depletion potentiality still can be obtained acceptable energy simultaneously in using according to refrigerator, air-conditioning, water-cooled water cooler and the thermal pump of R22 design heat transfer composition.
Except heat transfer characteristic and environmental characteristics with any heat transfer composition, desired composition also should for example have suitable consistency as the mineral oil (for example the Suniso3GS wet goods of Sunoco is designed for the oil of lubricate compressors) and the alkylbenzene of the lubricant in Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) (CFC) base and/or hydrogen fluorochlorohydrocarbon (HCFC) base refrigeration system usually with common compressor lubricant.
Yet, because these lubricants lack solvability in hydrogen fluorohydrocarbon (HFC) refrigeration agent of alternate ozone free loss, therefore hindered use, thereby caused the necessity of developing and be used for the substituting lubricant of HFC heat transfer composition HFC.Alternative lubricant is mainly based on polyalkylene glycol (PAG) and polyol ester (POE).Though PAG and POE are the suitable lubricants of HFC base heat transfer composition, many PAG and POE are extremely moisture absorptions, and when contacting with damp atmosphere, can absorb the water of several thousand ppm (each 1,000,000 parts of parts).The moisture of this absorption causes equipment to go wrong, and such as forming acid, it causes the apparatus assembly corrosion and forms unmanageable drift.
Compare with PAG with POE, the water absorbability of mineral oil and alkylbenzene is much lower, and has low, water-soluble less than 100ppm.Therefore, need to use the HFC composition of mineral oil and alkyl benzene lubricants.
In addition, in some equipment, heat transfer composition may be during operation of equipment via the seepage in shaft seal, hose connection, welding joint and the rip out stitches and lose, or between maintenance of equipment and defects liability period, lose, cause heat transfer composition to be released in the atmosphere.If the heat transfer composition in the equipment is not pure component, Azeotrope compositions or Azeotrope-like compositions, then when from described equipment seepage or when being discharged into the atmosphere, described heat transfer composition may change.The change of forming can cause described heat transfer composition to become inflammable, or refrigerating duty reduces.Except having foregoing performance, desired heat transfer composition also should have following characteristics: the alternative refrigerant that can become the R22 that needs the change of minimum degree equipment; Be the class azeotropic at least in the behavior; Has acceptable Global warming potentiality; Toxicity is enough low; Have enough and consistency mineral oil; Has good oil return performance during use; Have acceptable efficiency, keep the refrigerating duty suitable simultaneously with R22.
Detailed Description Of The Invention
Disclose the composition with following component, described compositions in weight percentage represents, and makes and comprise that any additives the total adds up to 100%.
7.0-9.0 the R32[methylene fluoride of weight %, CH 2F 2, the normality boiling point is-51.7 ℃];
39.0-50.0 the R125[pentafluoride ethane of weight %, CF 3CHF 2, the normality boiling point is-48.5 ℃];
39.0-50.0 the R134a[1 of weight %, 1,1,2-Tetrafluoroethane, CF 3CHF 2, the normality boiling point is-26.1 ℃];
1.9 to the hydrocarbon of 2.5 weight %, described hydrocarbon basically by
1.5-1.8 the R600[normal butane of weight %, CH 3CH 2CH 2CH 3, the normality boiling point is-0.5 ℃] and
0.4-0.7 the R601a[iso-pentane of weight %, ((CH 3) 2CHCH 2CH 3, the normality boiling point is+27.8 ℃] or the R601[Skellysolve A, (CH 3CH 2CH 2CH 2CH 3), the normality boiling point is+36 ℃] form.The Global warming potentiality (GWP) that calculates of these compositions is about 1800 to about 2000.
In some embodiments, described composition has following component, and described component is represented with weight percent.
7.0-9.0 the R32 of weight %;
42.0-49.0 the R125 of weight %;
42.0-49.0 the R134a of weight %;
1.9-2.5 the hydrocarbon of weight %, described hydrocarbon are made up of the R600 of 1.5-1.8 weight % and the R601a of 0.4-0.7 weight % or the R601 of 0.4-0.7 weight % basically.
In some embodiments, described composition has following component, and described component is represented with weight percent.
7.0-9.0 the R32 of weight %;
43.5-47.5 the R125 of weight %;
42.7-45.7 the R134a of weight %;
1.9-2.5 the hydrocarbon of weight %, described hydrocarbon are made up of the R600 of 1.5-1.8 weight % and the R601a of 0.4-0.7 weight % or the R601 of 0.4-0.7 weight % basically.
In some embodiments, described composition has following component, and described component is represented with weight percent.
7.0-9.0 the R32 of weight %;
43.5-47.5 the R125 of weight %;
42.7-45.7 the R134a of weight %;
2.1-2.5 the hydrocarbon of weight %, described hydrocarbon basically by
1.5-1.8 the R601 of the R601a of the R600 of weight % and 0.4-0.7 weight % or 0.4-0.7 weight % forms.
In addition, above disclosed composition can be used in the full liquid evaporative type cooler, and wherein said liquid composition is present in the vaporizer, and this type of cooling apparatus has the cyclic steam of following expression to form:
10.0-17.0 the R32 of weight %;
54.0-61.0 the R125 of weight %;
23.0-30.0 the R134a of weight %;
2.3-3.1 the hydrocarbon of weight %, described hydrocarbon basically by
2.0-2.5 the R601 of the R601a of the R600 of weight % and 0.3-0.6 weight % or 0.3-0.6 weight %.
The Global warming potentiality (GWP) that calculates of these compositions is about 1900 to about 2100.
In some embodiments, described composition can be used as the heat transmission medium in the heat transfer system.In some embodiments, novel compositions disclosed herein especially can be used for adopting in the system of shower cooling.
Also disclose and used reezer system, refrigerator, air-conditioning, water-cooled water cooler and the thermal pump of composition described herein as at least a heat transfer composition in the equipment.
Usually the reezer system, refrigerator, air-conditioning, water-cooled water cooler and the thermal pump that have sensing member are also disclosed, when to the vaporizer loop, using R22 at condenser, and when using one of above-mentioned composition as the circulation heat transfer composition of condenser in the system to the vaporizer loop, described sensing member has the fluid that is applicable in the described sensing member.In some embodiments of sensing member,, be applicable to that the fluid in the described sensing member is fluid or the fluid mixture that pressure is equal to or less than R22 when when condenser uses R22 to the vaporizer loop.In some embodiments of sensing member,, be applicable to that the fluid in the described sensing member is fluid or the fluid mixture that pressure is equal to or higher than R22 when when condenser uses R22 to the vaporizer loop.In some embodiments, wherein the fluid in described at least a sensing member is through selecting to be present at R22 the fluid or the fluid mixture of condenser work to the vaporizer loop time, and described fluid has the Pressure/Temperature that is different from R22 basically and concerns slope.In some embodiments, the fluid through selecting to be present in the sensing member of condenser work to the vaporizer loop time at R22 is R22.In some embodiments, a kind of above-mentioned composition is used for condenser to the vaporizer loop.In some embodiments, a kind of above-mentioned composition is used for sensing member, and a kind of above-mentioned composition is used for condenser to the vaporizer loop.
Current, many refrigeration and air-conditioning system are all used R22 in " condenser is to the vaporizer loop " in being connected to the sensing member of expansion valve and in refrigeration and the air-conditioning system.Term " condenser is to the vaporizer loop " is the term that is used to describe the part of heat transfer system, described part comprises the self-expanding valve to all system components and the assembly of vaporizer until the mutual fluid connection of condenser, and all conduits and other elements of the connection of the fluid between expansion valve and the condenser.Yet term " condenser is to the vaporizer loop " does not comprise sensing member.
The additive that can choose adding wantonly comprise following those, can join appropriate materials in the described composition such as lubricant, stopping agent, tensio-active agent, defoamer (for example Dow 200), solvent (for example Isopar H of Exxon) stablizer, oil-reture agents (comprising the polymerization oil-reture agents), dyestuff and other.
Composition disclosed herein also can comprise at least a lubricant, and described lubricant is selected from polyalkylene glycol, polyol ester, polyvinyl ether, mineral oil, alkylbenzene, synthetic paraffin, synthetic naphthenic hydrocarbon and poly-(α) alkene.
Lubricant of the present invention comprises those that are suitable for using with refrigeration or conditioning unit.In these lubricants, comprise the lubricant in the vapour compression refrigeration equipment that is generally used for adopting the Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) refrigeration agent.The character of this series lubricant agent and they be discussed in nineteen ninety ASHRAE handbook " RefrigerationSystems and Applications " the 8th chapter title for " Lubricants inRefrigeration Systems " the 8.1st page in 8.21 pages, described document is incorporated this paper into way of reference.Lubricant of the present invention can be included in those that are commonly referred to " mineral oil " in the compression refrigeration lubricating oil field.Mineral oil comprises paraffin (being the stable hydrocarbon of normal carbon chain and branched chain), naphthenic hydrocarbon (being cyclic paraffins) and aromatic hydrocarbons (promptly comprising one or more unsaturated cyclic hydrocarbon that are characterised in that the ring of staggered two keys).Lubricant of the present invention also can be included in those lubricating oil that are commonly referred to " artificial oil " in the compression refrigeration lubricating oil field.Artificial oil comprises alkylaromatic hydrocarbon (being straight chain and branched-chain alkyl alkylbenzene), synthetic paraffin and naphthenic hydrocarbon and poly-(alpha-olefin).The BVM 100N that representative traditional lubrication agent of the present invention is commercially available acquisition (by the paraffin class mineral oil of BVA Oils sale), Suniso
Figure G2007800517285D00051
3GS and Suniso
Figure G2007800517285D00052
5GS (by the naphthenic mineral oil of Crompton Co. sale), Sontex 372LT (by the naphthenic mineral oil of Pennzoil sale), Calumet
Figure G2007800517285D00054
RO-30 (by the naphthenic mineral oil of Calumet Lubricants sale), Zerol
Figure G2007800517285D00055
75, Zerol
Figure G2007800517285D00056
150 and Zerol
Figure G2007800517285D00057
500 (by linear alkylbenzenes of Shrieve Chemicals sale) and HAB 22 (by the branched alkylbenzene of Nippon Oil sale).
Lubricant of the present invention comprises also that design is used with fluoroether refrigerant and those can be under compression refrigeration and conditioning unit operational condition miscible with refrigeration agent of the present invention lubricants.This series lubricant agent and their performance are discussed in " Synthetic Lubricants and High-PerformanceFluids " (R.L.Shubkin edits, Marcel Dekker, 1993).This series lubricant agent includes but not limited to that polyol ester (POE) is such as Castrol
Figure G2007800517285D00058
100 (Castrol, UnitedKingdom), (RL-488A Michigan), polyvinyl ether (PVE) and polycarbonate (PC) are such as the MA2320F that derives from Mitsui for Dow Chemical, Midland such as deriving from Dow for polyalkylene glycol (PAG).
By requirement and the lubricant of considering the specified compression machine environment of contact is selected lubricant of the present invention.
In some embodiments, described composition also comprises one or more additives (for example expanding material or UV dyestuff), and its amount counts maximum 10% by the weight of above-mentioned composition.In other embodiments, one or more additives are present in the above-mentioned composition, and its amount in described composition is less than 500ppm.In other embodiments, one or more additives are present in the above-mentioned composition, and its amount in described composition is less than 250ppm.In other embodiments, one or more additives are present in the above-mentioned composition, and its amount in described composition is less than 200ppm.
In other embodiments, one or more additives are present in the described composition, and its amount is 0.1 to 3 weight %.In other embodiments, one or more additives are present in the described composition, and its amount is 0.01 to 1.5 weight %.
In some embodiments, the invention provides PFPE as additive, it can be miscible with hydrogen fluorohydrocarbon and hydrocarbon coolant or heat transfer fluid.The common trait of PFPE is to have the perfluoroalkyl ether moiety.PFPE and perfluor poly alkyl ether synonym.Other synonymous terms commonly used comprise " PFPE ", " PFAE ", " PFPE oil ", " PFPE fluid " and " PFPAE ".For example, the KRYTOX that derives from DuPont has formula CF 3-(CF 2) 2-O-[CF (CF 3)-CF 2-O] PFPE of j '-R ' f structure.In described formula, j ' is 2-100, comprises end points, and R ' f is CF 2CF 3, C3 to C6 perfluoroalkyl or their combination.
Also can use other PFPE, comprise derive from Ausimont (Milan, Italy) and can be by the FOMBLIN and the GALDEN fluid of perfluoroolefine photo-oxidation preparation.FOMBLIN-Y can have formula CF 3O (CF 2CF (CF 3)-O-) M '(CF 2-O-) N '-R 1fStructure.That suitable equally is CF 3O[CF 2CF (CF 3) O] M '(CF 2CF 2O) O '(CF 2O) N '-R 1fIn described formula, R 1fBe CF 3, C 2F 5, C 3F 7, or the wherein combination of two or more; (m '+n ') be 8-45, comprise end points; And m/n is 20-1000, comprises end points; O ' is 1; (m '+n '+o ') be 8-45, comprise end points; M '/n ' is 20-1000, comprises end points.
FOMBLIN-Z can have formula CF 3O (CF 2CF 2-O-) P '(CF 2-O) Q 'CF 3Structure, wherein (p '+q ') is 40-180, and p '/q ' is 0.5-2, includes end points interior.
Also can use the DEMNUM fluid, it is another kind of PFPE, derives from Daikin Industries (Japan).It can be by 2,2,3, and the continuous oligomerization of 3-tetrafluoro trimethylene oxide prepares with fluoridizing, and obtain formula F-[(CF 2) 3-O] T '-R 2f, R wherein 2fBe CF 3, C 2F 5, or their combination, and t ' is 2-200, comprises end points.
Can be independently with two terminal group functionals or non-functionalized of PFPE.In non-functionalized PFPE, described end group can be the perfluoroalkyl end group of side chain or straight chain.The example of this perfluoropolyethers can have formula C R 'F (2r '+1)-A-C R 'F (2r '+1)Structure, wherein each r ' is 3 to 6 independently; A can be O-(CF (CF 3) CF 2-O) W ', O-(CF 2-O) X '(CF 2CF 2-O) Y ', O-(C 2F 4-O) W ', O-(C 2F 4-O) X '(C 3F 6-O) Y ', O-(CF (CF 3) CF 2-O) X '(CF 2-O) Y ', O-(CF 2CF 2CF 2-O) W ', O-(CF (CF 3) CF 2-O) X '(CF 2CF 2-O) Y '-(CF 2-O) Z ', or the wherein combination of two or more; A is preferably O-(CF (CF 3) CF 2-O) W ', O-(C 2F 4-O) W ', O-(C 2F 4-O) X '(C 3F 6-O) Y ', O-(CF 2CF 2CF 2-O) W ', or the wherein combination of two or more; W ' is 4 to 100; X ' and y ' are respectively 1 to 100 independently.Specific examples includes but not limited to F (CF (CF 3)-CF 2-O) 9-CF 2CF 3, F (CF (CF 3)-CF 2-O) 9-CF (CF 3) 2, and their combination.In this type of PFPE, maximum 30% halogen atom can be the halogen that is different from fluorine, such as the chlorine atom.
Also can be independently with two terminal group functionals of PFPE.Typical functionalized end groups is selected from ester, hydroxyl, amine, acid amides, nitrile, carboxylic acid and sulfonic acid.
Representational ester terminal comprises-COOCH 3,-COOCH 2CH 3,-CF 2COOCH 3,-CF 2COOCH 2CH 3,-CF 2CF 2COOCH 3,-CF 2CF 2COOCH 2CH 3,-CF 2CH 2COOCH 3,-CF 2CF 2CH 2COOCH 3,-CF 2CH 2CH 2COOCH 3,-CF 2CF 2CH 2CH 2COOCH 3
Representational hydroxyl end groups comprises-CF 2OH ,-CF 2CF 2OH ,-CF 2CH 2OH ,-CF 2CF 2CH 2OH ,-CF 2CH 2CH 2OH ,-CF 2CF 2CH 2CH 2OH.
Representational amine end groups comprises-CF 2NR 1R 2,-CF 2CF 2NR 1R 2,-CF 2CH 2NR 1R 2,-CF 2CF 2CH 2NR 1R 2,-CF 2CH 2CH 2NR 1R 2,-CF 2CF 2CH 2CH 2NR 1R 2, R wherein 1And R 2Be H, CH independently 3Or CH 2CH 3
Representational amide end-groups comprises-CF 2C (O) NR 1R 2,-CF 2CF 2C (O) NR 1R 2,-CF 2CH 2C (O) NR 1R 2,-CF 2CF 2CH 2C (O) NR 1R 2,-CF 2CH 2CH 2C (O) NR 1R 2,-CF 2CF 2CH 2CH 2C (O) NR 1R 2, R wherein 1And R 2Be H, CH independently 3Or CH 2CH 3
Representational nitrile end group comprises-CF 2CN ,-CF 2CF 2CN ,-CF 2CH 2CN ,-CF 2CF 2CH 2CN ,-CF 2CH 2CH 2CN ,-CF 2CF 2CH 2CH 2CN.
Representational carboxylic end group comprises-CF 2COOH ,-CF 2CF 2COOH ,-CF 2CH 2COOH ,-CF 2CF 2CH 2COOH ,-CF 2CH 2CH 2COOH ,-CF 2CF 2CH 2CH 2COOH.
Representational sulfonic acid end group comprises-(O) OR of S (O) 3,-S (O) is R (O) 4,-CF 2O S (O) is OR (O) 3,-CF 2CF 2O S (O) is OR (O) 3,-CF 2CH 2O S (O) is OR (O) 3,-CF 2CF 2CH 2O S (O) is OR (O) 3,-CF 2CH 2CH 2O S (O) is OR (O) 3,-CF 2CF 2CH 2CH 2O S (O) is OR (O) 3,-CF 2S (O) is OR (O) 3,-CF 2CF 2S (O) is OR (O) 3,-CF 2CH 2S (O) is OR (O) 3,-CF 2CF 2CH 2S (O) is OR (O) 3,-CF 2CH 2CH 2S (O) is OR (O) 3,-CF 2CF 2CH 2CH 2S (O) is OR (O) 3,-CF 2OS (O) is R (O) 4,-CF 2CF 2O S (O) is R (O) 4,-CF 2CH 2O S (O) is R (O) 4,-CF 2CF 2CH 2O S (O) is R (O) 4,-CF 2CH 2CH 2O S (O) is R (O) 4,-CF 2CF 2CH 2CH 2O S (O) is R (O) 4, R wherein 3Be H, CH 3, CH 2CH 3, CH 2CF 3, CF 3, or CF 2CF 3, R 4Be CH 3, CH 2CH 3, CH 2CF 3, CF 3Or CF 2CF 3
Refrigeration agent of the present invention-PFPE additive combination can improve the performance of refrigeration, air-conditioning and heat transfer system aspect one or more.In one aspect, it is by preventing that oil accumulation from heat-exchanger coil and can make the oil of capacity be back to compressor, making oil mass remain on suitable operant level.On the other hand, refrigeration agent-PFPE also can be improved the lubricity of mineral oil and synthetic lubricant oil.In aspect another, described refrigeration agent-PFPE also can be improved heat transfer efficiencies, thereby improves energy efficiency.Described refrigeration agent-PFPE also shows the friction and wear in the time of can reducing boundary lubrication, estimates that this can cause the compressor life-span longer.Above-mentioned advantage is not intended to exhaustive.
" significant quantity of PFPE " that present patent application relates to is to instigate enough oil to be back to compressor to keep or to improve the amount of lubricity or energy efficiency performance or the PFPE additive of the two, and the amount of wherein said PFPE can be adjusted to the amount that is suitable for separate refrigeration/heat transfer system (coil, compressor etc.) and used refrigeration agent by those of ordinary skill.
In one embodiment of the invention, the amount of PFPE by with respect to the weight of described refrigeration agent or heat transfer fluid less than 40%.In another embodiment, the amount of PFPE additive is less than about 20-30 weight % with respect to described refrigeration agent or heat transfer fluid.In another embodiment, the amount of described PFPE additive is less than about 10 weight % with respect to described refrigeration agent or heat transfer fluid.In another embodiment, the amount of PFPE additive is counted less than about 1 to about 2 weight % with respect to the weight of described refrigeration agent or heat transfer fluid.In another embodiment, the amount of PFPE additive is that about 0.01 weight % is to about 1.0 weight % with respect to described refrigeration agent or heat transfer fluid.In another embodiment, the amount of PFPE additive is counted about 0.03 to 0.80 weight % with respect to the weight of described refrigeration agent or heat transfer fluid.
In addition, in some embodiments, can add the polymerization oil-reture agents such as Zonyl PHS (its can available from E.I.du Pont de Nemours and Company), its solubilized or disperse mineral generation or synthetic lubricant.
Composition as herein described can be used as refrigeration agent, and specifically, can be used as the R22 surrogate.They also can be used as foam expansion agent (for example, being used for polyolefine and polyurethane foam), solvent, sanitising agent, aerosol propellants, heat transmission medium, gaseous dielectric medium, powder circulation working fluid, polymerization reaction medium, particle and remove composition, carrier fluid, buffering abrasive and alternative dry drying prescription.
In some embodiments, described composition is considered to the Azeotrope-like compositions of substantially constant boiling." azeotropic temperature " be meant under the equilibrium state of specified pressure, the temperature when liquid phase and vapor phase contain each component of identical molfraction in the blend.
" class azeotropic " composition is meant that behavior is as the azeotropic of two or more materials of one matter or azeotropic liquid mixture basically.A kind of method that characterizes Azeotrope-like compositions is, the steam that produces by liquid portion evaporation or distillation with from wherein evaporating or distillatory liquid has substantially the same forming, promptly described mixture distillation/backflow, and essentially consist no change.The another kind of method that characterizes Azeotrope-like compositions is that the bubble point vapour pressure of composition and dew point vapour pressure are substantially the same under actual temp.
In some embodiments, Azeotrope-like compositions is characterised in that, when measuring with absolute units, by such as the evaporation or the boiling remove the composition of 50 weight % after, the steam pressure difference between the remaining set compound after former composition and the former composition of 50 weight % are removed is less than about 10%.Absolute units is meant, pressure with pound per square inch for example, kPa, normal atmosphere, crust, holder, every square centimeter of dyne, mmhg, inch of water and other equivalent terms tolerance well known in the art.If there is azeotrope, the vapour pressure between the remaining set compound after then former composition and the former composition of 50 weight % are removed does not have difference.
As used herein, thus expanding material is to improve time butyrous compound of the solubleness improvement of fluoroether refrigerant in conventional refrigeration lubricant to compressor.
As used herein, " ultraviolet " dyestuff is defined as the Ultraluminescence composition that can absorb the light in electromagnetic spectrum ultraviolet or " closely " ultraviolet region.Can detect the fluorescence that is produced by the Ultraluminescence dyestuff under UV-irradiation, it is the radiation of about 10 nanometers to about 750 nanometers that described UV-light can be sent wavelength.
In some embodiments, when measuring in vaporizer or condenser, composition as herein described has about 6 temperature glides to about 9 ℉ (3-5 ℃).In some embodiments, the temperature glide that records in vaporizer is about 5.8 to about 6.3 ℉ (3.2-3.5 ℃).Temperature glide is to be used for defining the term of getting rid of the absolute difference (measuring at vaporizer or condenser place usually) between starting temperature and outlet temperature in the phase transition process that any mistake is cold or overheated, the heat transfer composition of the assembly of system causes.In one embodiment, described composition has the saturated vapor pressure of about 40psig in the system with the average evaporator temperature of pact+20 ℉.
As used herein, mobile refrigerating equipment or movable air conditioner equipment are meant any refrigeration equipment or the conditioning unit that merges in highway, railway, sea route or the air transportation unit.In addition, comprise the equipment that is called as " intermodal transportation " system among the present invention, described equipment is intended to provide refrigeration or air-conditioning effect to the system that is independent of any mobile vehicle.This type of combined haulage system comprises " container " (in conjunction with sea route/land route transportation) and " permutoid " (in conjunction with highway and transportation by railroad).Composition disclosed herein can be used for moving in the application, comprises train passenger chamber air-conditioning, transportation air-conditioning or refrigerator, rapid transit (subway) and motorbus air-conditioning.
As used herein, heat transfer composition is the composition that is used for heat is shifted, moves or be transported to by radiation, conduction or convection current from space, place, object or a main body different spaces, place, object or main body.Heat transfer composition can be liquid state or gaseous fluid, and by being provided for can be used as second refrigerant from the tranfer system of long-range refrigeration (or heating) system's cooling (or heat supply).In some systems, heat transfer composition can keep steady state (promptly do not gasify or liquefy) in whole transfer process.Alternatively, transpiration cooling technology also can be used heat transfer fluid.
As used herein, thermal source can be defined as wishing to shift from here, move or transport any space, place, object or the main body of heat.The example of thermal source can be to need refrigeration or refrigerative space (open or airtight), such as reezer system in the supermarket and freezer cabinet, need the space of air-conditioning or need the car passenger chamber of air-conditioning.Scatterer can be defined as any space, place, object or the main body that can absorb heat.Vapor compression refrigeration system is an example of this type of scatterer.
As used herein, term " comprises ", " comprising ", " having ", " containing " or their any other modification all are intended to cover comprising of nonexcludability.For example, comprise that technology, method, goods or the equipment of key element tabulation needn't only limit to those key elements, but can comprise clearly do not list or this technology, method, goods or equipment institute other key elements of inherent.In addition, unless specify in addition, otherwise " or " be meant inclusive or, rather than refer to exclusiveness or.For example, all satisfy condition A or B:A of any situation below is that genuine (or existence) and B are that false (or non-existent), A are that false (or non-existent) and B are that genuine (or existence) and A and B are genuine (or existence).
Equally, use " one " or " a kind of " to describe key element described herein and component.Doing so only is for convenience, and provides general meaning to scope of the present invention.This description should be understood to include one or at least one, and this odd number also comprises plural number, anticipates unless clearly refer to him in addition.
In some embodiments, above-mentioned composition also can be used in the process of refrigeration, is included near the evaporation of main body to be cooled above-mentioned composition, then away from the described composition of main body condensation to be cooled.In addition, above-mentioned composition also can evaporate described composition away from main body to be heated and be used to heat then by near condensation above-mentioned composition main body to be heated.
Use the system of above-mentioned composition:
For heat transfer system as herein described, use limits term to give a definition.
The temperature control zone is meant the space that is used for heat is shifted, moves or be transported to by radiation, conduction or convection current and their combination from space, place, object or a main body different spaces, place, object or main body.For example, in some embodiments, described temperature control zone is housing, cabinet, chamber, sealed hood or half-sealed hood.The temperature in this type of temperature control zone can be typical refrigerator, refrigerator, refrigerator, water cooler, reezer system or via the room of air-conditioning or thermal pump heating or the temperature that office has.
In some embodiments, described temperature control zone is selected from refrigerator, reach in freezer, cabinet, water-cooled water cooler, beverage cooler, grape wine cooling device, prepared food cabinet, cake cabinet, product introduction cabinet, and their combination.In some embodiments, described product introduction cabinet has water atomizer(-iser), and in other embodiments, described product introduction cabinet does not have water atomizer(-iser).In some embodiments, described temperature control zone is room, warehouse, laboratory, industrial production zone (for example, computer equipment or chemical reaction) or simple sealed space (for example the inside has the pavilion of cold air or hot gas), and their combination.
In some embodiments, described temperature control is regional for having housing, chamber, chamber or the cabinet (such as reach in freezer) of at least one door that can open from the top.In some embodiments, described housing, chamber, chamber or cabinet have at least one door that can open from one side or many sides, comprise one or more doors (such as a plurality of the showcase of having of supermarket or convenience store).In some embodiments, has more than one temperature control zone in the described system.In some embodiments, a plurality of zones have identical or different target temperature.
Term " target " is the term that is used to describe target value or set(ting)value, and use according to the following fact: when system is on-stream, the actual temperature of system component such as temperature control zone, vaporizer or compressor can comprise that energy cut-off, equipment failure, startup and bolt down procedure, any moment are placed on the amount and the temperature of the content in this type of temperature control zone because of many former thereby variations in time.
Subcooling is to be used to define the term that liquid composition is cooled to the following degree of its temperature of saturation.
Overheated is to be used to define the term that vapor composition is heated to the above degree of its saturated-steam temperature.
Static state is overheated to be to be used to define open expansion valve so that liquid refrigerant flows by the required term of crossing heat of valve plug.
Refrigeration (heat) amount is the term that is used to describe the heat that can shift in time, move, remove or discharge.A linear module of refrigeration (heat) amount is British thermal unit (" BTU ") number hourly.12,000BTU/h also can be defined as 1 ton of heating capacity or refrigerating duty.
Condenser is to be used to define the term that vapor refrigerant can be condensed into the system component of liquid refrigerant.In some embodiments, at least one condenser is arranged on away from least one vaporizer place; In other embodiments, the distance between condenser and the vaporizer is at least 15 feet; In other embodiments, described distance is greater than 50 feet.
Term " condenser is to the vaporizer loop " is the term that is used to describe the part of heat transfer system, described part comprises all system components and the assembly that is communicated with until the mutual fluid of condenser to vaporizer from the liquid refrigerant measuring apparatus, and all conduits and other elements that may be communicated with at the fluid between liquid refrigerant measuring apparatus and the condenser.Yet term " condenser is to the vaporizer loop " does not comprise sensing member.
Compressor is to increase the mechanism of its pressure by reducing vapour volume.Compressed vapour can increase its temperature naturally.In some embodiments, there is plural compressor.In having some embodiments of two above compressors, described compressor is not a same type.In some embodiments, described compressor utilization is the shower cooling function.Shower cooling is that the compressed refrigerant transfer that makes a part leave condenser is got back in the compressor to prevent the superheated system.In some embodiments, overheat of compressor can cause the oil degraded, and this finally causes compressor early failure (short compressor life-span).Because the not every refrigeration agent that is compressed all enters into vaporizer so that (as hereinafter definition) provides cooling to the temperature control zone, therefore adopts some systems of shower cooling can lose refrigerating duty and energy efficiency.
Have polytype compressor to can be used in the heat transfer system as herein described, and some embodiments can have one or more compressors.In some embodiments, described compressor can have identical rated output or different rated output.In some embodiments, there is plural compressor.In having some embodiments of two above compressors, described compressor is not a same type.In some embodiments, compressor can be the sealing or semitight.
In some embodiments, at least one compressor is arranged on away from the condenser place; In some embodiments, this distance is at least 15 feet; And in other embodiments, this distance is at least 50 feet.
In some embodiments, independent compressor have 1/5 horsepower (" hp ") to maximum 500 horsepowers (373 kilowatts, power capacity kW).In some embodiments, at least one compressor has the power capacity of 1/5hp (0.15kW) to maximum 50hp (37kW).In some embodiments, described system has the compressor more than 5 or 5.
In some embodiments, described system has the compressor that at least one rated output is 5 to 30 horsepowers (3.7 to 22kW).In some embodiments, to have at least two rated output respectively be 5 to 30 horsepowers compressor in described system.In some embodiments, to have at least three rated output respectively be 5 to 30 horsepowers compressor in described system.In some embodiments, to have at least four rated output respectively be 5 to 30 horsepowers compressor in described system.In some embodiments, to have at least five rated output respectively be 5 to 30 horsepowers compressor in described system.
In some embodiments, the type of compressor is selected from those that include but not limited to following compressor.
Reciprocating compressor uses the piston drive that is driven by arbor.They can be fixed or portable, can be single-stages or multistage.In some embodiments, this type of reciprocating compressor is by electro-motor or internal combustion engine drive.In some embodiments, reciprocating compressor has the power of 1/5 to 30 horsepower (hp).In other embodiments, described reciprocating compressor can have 50hp.In some embodiments, described compressor can be controlled the top hole pressure of low pressure to ultra-high voltage (for example＞5000psi or 35MPa).
Rotary screw formula compressor uses the rotary displacement type spirrillum screw rod of two engagements, enters into littler space to force gas.In some embodiments, rotary screw formula compressor can be 1/5hp (0.15kW) to more than the 500hp (373kW), and can be from low pressure to ultra-high voltage (for example＞1200psi or 8.3MPa).
Comprise that with the similar scroll compressor of rotary screw formula device two staggered volution spools come pressurized gas in some aspects.Some scroll compressors can be 1/5hp (0.15kW) to more than the 500hp (373kW), and can be from low pressure to ultra-high voltage (for example＞1200psi or 8.3MPa).
Radial compressor belongs to the turboset type that comprises fan, thruster and turbine.These machines exchange the mechanical organ that rotating and the moment of momentum between the mobile fluid stably continuously.Described fluid steam is added in the shell at contiguous compressor center, and has the wheel disc fast rotational of radial vane (impeller), moves to the external diameter direction to force steam.Variation by impeller diameter increases gas velocity, and this is transformed into the increase of static pressure.Radial compressor can be a single-stage, only has an impeller, or it can be multistage, has two or more and is installed in impeller on the same housing.For the substep refrigeration, compressor can have nearly 20 grades.
In some embodiments, system can have and low reaches 1000BTU/h or up to compressor cooling (heat) amount of 100 ten thousand BTU/h.
In other embodiments, the compressor cooling of described system (heat) amount is for maximum 10,000BTU/ hour.In other embodiments, described compressor has up to 600,000BTU/h or higher system's refrigeration (heat) amount.
Suitable compressor can be buied from a plurality of equipment manufacturers, such as Carlyle, Copeland and Bitzer.
Vaporizer is the thermal absorption assembly of system, and liquid heat transfer composition (for example refrigeration agent) becomes steam by liquid evaporation therein.Vaporizer has at least one admission port that is used to admit the liquid refrigerant composition, with at least one through the relief outlet of refrigeration agent mutually of exhaust vapour from here.Described vaporizer relief outlet is communicated with at least one or a plurality of compressor fluid.
In some embodiments, vaporizer has one or more coils.Described evaporator coil is arranged in vaporizer, and in some embodiments, described coil is a conduit, and the liquid/vapor two phase refrigerant moves via described conduit, flashes to steam-like.
In some embodiments, vaporizer has three or more coils.In some embodiments, vaporizer has five or more a plurality of coil.In some embodiments, vaporizer has eight or more a plurality of coil.In some embodiments, vaporizer does not have coil.In some embodiments, vaporizer is single chamber.In some embodiments, air moves above evaporator coil or single chamber, and is the heat transmission medium that heat is sent to the temperature control zone or sends out from the temperature control zone.
In some embodiments, the vaporizer that has two or more different sizes in the described system.And in having some systems of two or more vaporizers, some systems can have identical vaporizer.In other multi-evaporator systems, described vaporizer is not identical.In some multi-evaporator systems, each vaporizer can have the coil of identical or different number.
In embodiment as herein described, described system comprises above-mentioned composition as at the refrigerant composition of condenser to the vaporizer loop.
In some embodiments, described evaporator coil extends to outside one segment distance of vaporizer, and can be communicated with the divider fluid of divider exhaust ports like this.In some embodiments, the evaporator coil length that extends to the vaporizer outside is to be selected from 12 inches, about 18 inches, about 24 inches, about 30 inches, about 36 inches, about 42, inch, about 48 inches, about 54 inches, about 60 inches, about 66 inches, or the length of the combination of about 72 inches and they.
Expansion valve is a kind of measuring apparatus, the refrigerant flow in its may command heat transfer system between condenser and vaporizer.This type of expansion valve can be self-acting valve or thermostatic valve.Liquid refrigerant flows in the expansion valve, and it becomes two-phase (liquid phase and vapor phase) therein.Two phase refrigerant is left expansion valve and is flow in the vaporizer.Referring to Fig. 3, it is a kind of expansion valve with the diagram signal.Expansion valve can comprise other elements, and can be connected with the temperature response transmitter, and described transmitter is communicated with barrier film or bellows in the expansion valve main body.Being used for the refrigerative system, expansion valve is used for throttling liquid, be adjusted to low pressure evaporator pressure from high pressure condenser pressure, the refrigeration agent with capacity joins in the vaporizer simultaneously, with effectively remove heat and control overheated.
Use expansion valve avoiding, so expansion valve is useful helping prevent liquid refrigerant aspect arriving in the system compresses machine to the excessive feed of vaporizer.Can select the expansion valve in any system, work with the system that is used for having predetermined heat at the evaporator outlet place.Crossing heat is to avoid liquid refrigerant to arrive the interior a kind of supplementary mode of system compresses machine.Static state is overheated to be to make flow of refrigerant pass through the required heat excessively of expansion valve.
Usually select to be used for the expansion valve of system based on system operating parameters, and can change, and change according to each intrasystem difference according to the difference of system.Expansion valve also has the branch of size, and selects according to the thermophysical property of concrete heat transfer composition stand-by in the system (for example in R22 or the composition described herein a kind of).
Can be used for selecting other factors of expansion valve to comprise target temperature to be kept in the target average operation temperature of rated load, vaporizer of system and the temperature control zone.
In some embodiments, described expansion valve is thermostatic expansion valve (this paper is called " TXV "), and an one embodiment is shown among Fig. 3.In some embodiments, the TXV that can be used in the system described herein has maximum 0.25 ton refrigeration (heat) amount; In some embodiments, TXV has maximum 0.5 ton refrigeration (heat) amount; In other embodiments, TXV has maximum 3 tons refrigeration (heat) amount; And in other embodiments, TXV can have refrigeration (heat) amount that is higher than 3 tons.In some embodiments, there is more than one TXV; In some embodiments, described TXV has identical refrigeration (heat) amount; And in other embodiments, described TXV can have different refrigeration (heat) amount.
In some embodiments, described system also comprises vacuum breaker, and when refrigeration agent flowed (such as thermal pump type system) in the opposite direction, described vacuum breaker was opened so that refrigeration agent gets around expansion valve.In some systems, described expansion valve can be the self-contained combination (referring to for example United States Patent (USP) 5,524,819) of temperature and pressure response thermostatic expansion valve and vacuum breaker.
In needs some systems with the composition remodeling of ozone free loss, many existing systems have the expansion valve that is selected for the R22 refrigeration agent.In other embodiments, select expansion valve to be used for above-mentioned composition.In some embodiments, described expansion valve is the expansion valve that has been used for existing heat transfer system, described system uses R22 at condenser to the vaporizer loop, and in existing sensing member, use R22 or fluid or fluid mixture, when when condenser uses R22 to the vaporizer loop, select R22 or fluid or fluid mixture so that suitable control to be provided to expansion valve.In some embodiments, described sensing member provides suitable control to expansion valve, and when the refrigerant temperature of leaving vaporizer rose or descend, the fluidic temperature is same in the sensing member rose or descend thus.When fluid temperature (F.T.) rose, the pressure in the sense line rose.When fluid temperature (F.T.) descended, the pressure in the sense line descended.
In some embodiments, the set of pieces shown in Fig. 3 is called as unit head.In this type of embodiment, unit head comprises barrier film 84, thermostatic element 99, kapillary 82, sensing member 201 and remote control thermometer bulb 202.
In some embodiments, described expansion valve can design with divider and work, or in other words matches with divider.In some embodiments, described divider can comprise distributer nozzle.Nozzle on the divider can reduce the venting port size of self-expanding valve.In some embodiments, described nozzle will reduce up to 75% from the venting port of TXV.In other embodiments, described nozzle is with TXV venting port reduction at least 50%.In other embodiments, described TXV venting port is reduced to few 30%.In other embodiments, described TXV venting port is reduced less than 30%.In other embodiments, described nozzle has reduced the venting port of TXV, and to certain size obtaining enough turbulent flows, thereby make the liquid and the steam two phase refrigerant that enter into vaporizer form basic mixture uniformly.
In some system implementation plans, one or more expansion valves also can have the outer static organ that is connected bottom evaporator outlet side and thermostatic expansion valve diaphragm or bellows.In some embodiments, outer static organ is used to pass evaporator inlet and outlet has high pressure drop or wherein needs in the system of expansion valve divider.In some embodiments, TXV uses with outer static organ.
Outside using during static organ, static organ accessory (having two ports) at one end is connected with the vaporizer venting port, and with expansion valve barrier film (or bellows, decide as the case may be) connect, so that circulating refrigerant steam can charge into outer static organ, and vapour pressure (P2 among Fig. 3 B) is applied on the barrier film (or bellows, decide as the case may be).
Divider is the equipment that is communicated with at least one expansion valve fluid.On expansion valve, use divider, can increase the pressure drop in the big vaporizer by some parallel channels by vaporizer (vaporizer that for example has a plurality of coils) are provided.
In some embodiments, divider be used to have freezing display case unit, step into the formula refrigerator, in the system of reezer system and their combinations (for example being found in the system in supermarket and the convenience store usually).In some embodiments, described divider can have two or more venting ports; In some embodiments, described divider has three or more venting ports; And in other embodiments, described divider has at least six venting ports.In other embodiments, described divider has the venting port more than six.
In some embodiments, described divider venting port has diameter and is selected from size at about 3/16 inch external diameter to about 3/8 inch scope.In some embodiments, the external diameter of described divider venting port is greater than 3/8 inch.
In some embodiments, nozzle and divider are independent components, and in other embodiments, nozzle and divider are elements.
Sporlan, Emerson Flow and Danfoss are the some manufacturerss and the suppliers of expansion valve, nozzle and divider.
Usually select expansion valve, nozzle and divider and specified dimension, with meet system with and with the thermal load of the vaporizer that connects.Have in the system of an above expansion valve at some, each expansion valve can be identical or different; And each can have identical or different nozzle and/or divider; And each divider can have the divider venting port of identical or different quantity; And each divider venting port can be identical or different.
In some systems, the expansion valve and the vaporizer that have equal amount.In other system, vaporizer is more than expansion valve.In some systems, not every TXV has the divider that is attached thereto.
The high-tension side is the side that condensation takes place in the refrigeration system.
Liquid refrigerant line is the term that is used to describe all conduits, and described conduit is used to liquid refrigerant is delivered in the measuring apparatus.In some embodiments, the liquid refrigerant line that has more than one types.In some embodiments, the measuring apparatus that in described system, has more than one types.
The conduit vary in size of liquid refrigerant line, and except other factor also depends on the part of using the partially liq refrigerant lines in the capacity of the size of system, the vaporizer that is communicated with each liquid refrigerant line fluid and the system.
In some embodiments, described liquid refrigerant line also comprises fluid loop pipeline, liquid main line pipeline or their combination.In some embodiments, described liquid refrigerant line comprises one or more fluid loop pipelines, one or more main line pipeline or their combination.
In some embodiments, described liquid refrigerant line length is about 5 feet.In some embodiments, described liquid refrigerant line length is about 5 to 10 feet.In some embodiments, described liquid refrigerant line length is greater than 10 feet.Described liquid refrigerant line can have identical length and identical diameter, or different length and different diameters.
The fluid loop pipeline is one type of liquid refrigerant line, and is the term that is used to describe the liquid refrigerant line part that is communicated with the expansion valve fluid, and is that wherein liquid refrigerant flow to the conduit of expansion valve from condenser.Described fluid loop line size is variable, and except other factor, also depends on the size of system and the capacity of the vaporizer that is communicated with each fluid loop line fluid.
In some embodiments, the vaporizer that exists two or more to be communicated with same fluid loop line fluid.In some embodiments, described fluid loop pipeline can be and is five feet long or shorter.In some embodiments, described fluid loop length of pipeline can be about 5 to 10 feet.In some embodiments, described fluid loop length of pipeline can be greater than 10 feet.In some embodiments, described fluid loop pipeline is 20 feet.In some embodiments, described fluid loop length of pipeline is greater than 20 feet.In some embodiments, exist two or more to have the fluid loop pipeline of identical or different length.Described fluid loop pipeline can have identical length and identical diameter, or different length and different diameters.
Liquid main line pipeline is one type of liquid refrigerant line, and is the term that is used for defining a part of liquid refrigerant line of the system implementation plan with an above fluid loop pipeline.Described liquid main line pipeline is that liquid refrigerant is transported to conduit the fluid loop pipeline from condenser.
In some embodiments, described liquid main line pipeline is 20 feet long or shorter.In some embodiments, described liquid main line pipeline is longer than 20 feet.In some embodiments, described liquid main line pipeline reaches 30 feet.In some embodiments, described liquid main line pipeline reaches 50 feet.In some embodiments, described liquid main line pipeline reaches 100 feet.In some embodiments, described liquid main line length of pipeline is greater than 100 feet.In some embodiments, described liquid main line length of pipeline is greater than 200 feet.In some embodiments, described liquid main line length of pipeline is greater than 300 feet.In some embodiments, described liquid main line length of pipeline is greater than 500 feet.In some embodiments, described liquid main line length of pipeline is greater than 1,000 foot.In some embodiments, described liquid main line length of pipeline is greater than 1,500 foot.In some embodiments, described liquid main line length of pipeline is greater than 2,000 feet.In some embodiments, exist two or more to have the liquid main line pipeline of equal length or different lengths.Described liquid main line pipeline can have identical length and identical diameter, or different length and different diameters.
In some embodiments, have two or more and the fluid loop pipeline that at least one liquid main line line fluid is communicated with, described liquid main line pipeline is communicated with the condensator outlet side liquid then.In some embodiments, there are more than one liquid main line pipeline and more than one condenser.In some embodiments, there is the more than one liquid main line pipeline that is communicated with a condenser fluid.
In some embodiments, described system also has one or more oil separators.Described oil separator is the term that is used in reference to any equipment that separates any oil of all or part, and described oil is by obtaining at the circulating refrigerant in compressor during the compression cycle.In some embodiments, described oil separator oil in reserve; And in other embodiments, described oil separator is back in the compressor oil.In some embodiments, described oil separator oil in reserve and oil is back in the compressor.In some embodiments, described oil separator is positioned near the compressor outlet side.
In some embodiments, there is subcooler.Subcooler is to be used to be described in liquid refrigerant to arrive the term that liquid refrigerant measuring apparatus (for example TXV) is cooled off any system component of described liquid refrigerant before.Subcooler may simply be extra pipeline or conduit or independent equipment, such as the heat exchanger that uses heat-eliminating medium such as refrigerated water or refrigeration agent, with before arriving expansion valve at liquid refrigerant with its cooling.In some embodiments, the length of described pipeline or conduit is about 3 feet.In some embodiments, the feature of subcooler comprises pipeline or the conduit of being longer than 3 feet.In some embodiments, the feature of subcooler comprises the nonisulated pipeline or the conduit of certain-length.
In this type of embodiment, pipeline or conduit are selected from copper, copper alloy (comprising the alloy that contains molybdenum and nickel), aluminum or aluminum alloy or stainless steel or their combination.In some embodiments, realize subcooling by the liquid refrigerant line of placing from least two systems located adjacent one another, wherein at least two kinds of liquid refrigerants are under two kinds of different temperature.In one embodiment, be placed on by liquid refrigerant line near the liquid refrigerant line from middle temperature system of a segment length, form subcooler from cryogenic system with a segment length.In some embodiments, described liquid refrigerant line can be located adjacent one another in quite long distance.
In some embodiments, the liquid refrigerant line of two kinds of differing tempss can be straight basically.In other embodiments, the liquid refrigerant line of two kinds of differing tempss can be crooked.In other embodiments, the liquid refrigerant line of two kinds of differing tempss can comprise the collar.In some embodiments, can realize subcooling by the independent cooling apparatus that uses refrigeration agent, described cooling apparatus can use separately or use with other subcooler unit construction.
In some embodiments, more than one element provides subcooling to vapor refrigerant.
In some embodiments, described system also has the liquid refrigerant receptor that fluid is communicated with between condenser and vaporizer.In some embodiments, described liquid refrigerant receptor is placed on before the TXV.Receptor is that be used in reference to can be because of the term of any system component of many reason retaining liquid refrigeration agents.This reason comprises and forms the therefrom reservoir of extracting liq refrigeration agent of expansion valve, is formed on the collecting device that system's maintenance operating period can be used for the storing liquid refrigeration agent, and any individual system other demands that can have, and the combination of above-mentioned reason.
In some embodiments, there is more than one receptor.In some embodiments, there are at least one subcooler and at least one receptor to be placed on after the condenser in the system and before the vaporizer.In some embodiments, at least one receptor is between compressor and condenser.In some embodiments, receptor is positioned near the condenser compressor before, and in other embodiments, receptor is more placed near condenser.
In some embodiments, described liquid main line pipeline is communicated with the receptor fluid.In some embodiments, described receptor is any container with Any shape (including but not limited to that for example, diameter is greater than the conduit of liquid main line pipeline or bowl, groove jar, drum, jar etc.).Described receptor can be made by any material that is suitable for holding circulating refrigerant, includes but not limited to copper, copper alloy, aluminium, aluminium alloy, stainless steel or their combination.In the embodiment of some copper alloys, described copper alloy also comprises molybdenum and nickel, and their mixture.
In some embodiments, described receptor be diameter about 6 to about 15 inches and length be about 50 to about 250 inches tubular.In other embodiments, described receptor can have about 12 to about 13 inches diameter and about 100 to about 150 inches length.In one embodiment, described receptor can have about 12.75 inches diameter and about 148 inches length.In another embodiment, described receptor can have about 12.75 inches diameter and about 104 inches length.In some systems, there are two or more receptors, its located adjacent one another being placed in the system, or be placed on the different positions place of system.In some embodiments, the size of described receptor can be held whole refrigerant charges.
The vapor refrigerant pipeline is to be used to describe the term that vapor refrigerant is delivered to the conduit of condenser from vaporizer.In some embodiments, described vapor refrigerant pipeline comprises one or more steam-return line pipelines, one or more suction line or their combination.The conduit vary in size of any vapor refrigerant pipeline, and depend on the size of system and the evaporator capacity that is communicated with each fluid loop line fluid, and use the part of said catheter part in the system.In some embodiments, described steam-return line length of pipeline is 5 feet, and in other embodiments, described steam-return line length of pipeline is 10 feet.In some embodiments, described vapor refrigerant pipeline has identical length or different length, and can have identical or different diameter.
In some embodiments, can there be the steam-return line pipeline.The steam-return line pipeline is the term that is used to describe a part of vapor refrigerant pipeline, and described pipeline is communicated with evaporator outlet and suction line fluid.In some embodiments, described steam-return line pipeline can be and is five feet long or shorter.In some embodiments, described steam-return line length of pipeline can be 5 to 10 feet.In some embodiments, described steam-return line pipeline is 20 feet.In some embodiments, have two or more steam-return line pipelines, it can have identical or different length, and can have identical or different diameter.
Suction line is the term that is used to describe a part of vapor refrigerant pipeline, and described pipeline is communicated with evaporator outlet and suction port of compressor fluid.In some embodiments, described suction line is 20 feet long or shorter.In some embodiments, described suction line is longer than 20 feet.In some embodiments, described suction line reaches 30 feet.In some embodiments, described suction line reaches 50 feet.In some embodiments, described suction line reaches 100 feet.In some embodiments, described suction line length is greater than 100 feet.In some embodiments, described suction line length is greater than 200 feet.In some embodiments, described suction line length is greater than 200 feet.In some embodiments, described suction line length is greater than 300 feet.In some embodiments, described suction line length is greater than 500 feet.In some embodiments, described suction line length is greater than 1,000 foot.In some embodiments, described suction line length is greater than 1,500 foot.In some embodiments, described suction line length is greater than 2,000 feet.In some embodiments, have two or more suction lines, it can have identical length or different length, and can have identical or different diameter.
In some embodiments, described suction line is communicated with more than one compressor fluid, and in other embodiments, has the more than one suction line that is communicated with a compressor fluid.
Sucking pressure is the pressure of system low-voltage side.
Sensing member is the device with two ports: an end and at least one evaporator outlet side communicate to connect, and sensing leaves the vapor temperature of vaporizer, and the other end and at least one expansion valve pressure sensor communicate to connect.Described sensing member comprises refrigeration agent or other fluids, and the refrigeration agent in the sensing member or other fluids be separated by in condenser round-robin refrigeration agent sealing to the vaporizer loop so that not blend of component.
In embodiments more as herein described, described sensing member comprises the fluid that is suitable for using when R22 is used for condenser to the vaporizer loop.In some embodiments, at least one sensing member comprises above-mentioned composition.In some embodiments of sensing member,, R22 is applicable to that the fluid in the sensing member is R22 to the vaporizer loop time when being used to condenser.In some embodiments of sensing member,, be applicable to that the fluid in the described sensing member is fluid or the fluid mixture that pressure is equal to or higher than R22 when when condenser uses R22 to the vaporizer loop.In some embodiments of sensing member,, be applicable to that the fluid in the described sensing member is fluid or the fluid mixture that pressure is equal to or less than R22 when when condenser uses R22 to the vaporizer loop.In some embodiments of sensing member,, be applicable to that the fluid in the described sensing member is to have fluid or the fluid mixture that the Pressure/Temperature that is different from R22 basically concerns slope when when condenser uses R22 to the vaporizer loop.
In one embodiment, the sensing member end that communicates to connect with the evaporator outlet side is the Metal Ball that can be Any shape or volume, and the other end is a kapillary.In some embodiments, sensing member end terminal and that the evaporator outlet side communicates to connect is connected with the vaporizer venting port.In other embodiments, the sensing member end that is connected with the evaporator outlet side is connected with vapor refrigerant pipeline (comprising steam-return line pipeline or suction line).
In some embodiments, the sensing ball is copper, copper alloy or aluminium.In some embodiments, described sensing member is pipeline simply, and in some embodiments, it has consistent diameter on its whole length direction, and in other embodiments, described sensing member is for having the pipeline of different diameter on its length direction.
Described sensing member has any length, so that pass on the relevant full information of temperature with the vapor refrigerant that flows to expansion valve (leaving vaporizer).This length will change according to the difference of system, and when using two or more sensing members in the multi-evaporator system, the length of each sensing member can be identical or different in each system.
In some embodiments, the length of described sensing member is 3 feet or shorter (total length of any pipe, line, pipeline, conduit and their combination).In some embodiments, the length of described sensing member is greater than 3 feet (total lengths of any pipe, line, pipeline, conduit and their combination).In some embodiments, the length of described sensing member is 3 to 10 feet (total lengths of any pipe, line, pipeline, conduit and their combination).In some embodiments, the length of described sensing member is greater than 10 feet (total lengths of any pipe, line, pipeline, conduit and their combination).In some embodiments, the length of described sensing member is greater than 15 feet (total lengths of any pipe, line, pipeline, conduit and their combination).In some embodiments, the length of described sensing member is greater than 20 feet (total lengths of any pipe, line, pipeline, conduit and their combination).
In some embodiments, described sensing member has enough diameters, to communicate by letter with the TXV valve effectively.In some embodiments, the diameter of described sensing member is not more than 1/8 inch.In some embodiments, the diameter of described sensing member is greater than 1/8 inch.In other embodiments, described sensing member is about 1/16 inch or narrower.In other embodiments, described sensing member is greater than 1/16 inch.In other embodiments, described sensing member is about 1/4 inch or narrower.In other embodiments, described sensing member is greater than 1/4 inch.
Some embodiments are cryogenic systems.In some embodiments, described system comprise at least one or the vaporizer that turns round under-25 ℉ or the lower target medial temperature approximately.In some embodiments, described system comprise at least one or the vaporizer that turns round under-10 ℉ or the lower target medial temperature approximately.In some embodiments, system comprises the vaporizer that at least one turns round under about 0 ℉ or lower target medial temperature.
In some embodiments, described system has target temperature, so that the content in the temperature control zone remains on frozen state.In some embodiments, the described system that turns round is so that the temperature of the content in the temperature control zone is maintained at about 0 ℉.In some embodiments, the target temperature in temperature control zone is lower than-10 ℉ approximately.
Some embodiments are middle temperature systems.In some embodiments, described system comprises the vaporizer that at least one turns round under the extremely maximum target medial temperatures up to about 40 ℉ of about 0 ℉.In some embodiments, at least one vaporizer turns round to the target medial temperature of about+20 ℉ about 0.
In some embodiments, described system has the target temperature that the content that makes in the temperature control zone remains on the refrigerated non-frozen state.In some embodiments, the target temperature of content is maintained at the temperature of pact+20 to about+45 ℉ in the temperature control zone.In some embodiments, the target temperature in temperature control zone is for making an appointment with+20 to about+40 ℉.
In some embodiments, the temperature control zone in the system has the target temperature that is lower than pact-10 ℉.In some embodiments, the temperature control zone in the system has-10 target temperatures to about+5 ℉ approximately.In some embodiments, the target temperature in temperature control zone is equal to or less than about 0 ℉.In some embodiments, except any thaw cycles, the temperature control zone in the system has the target temperature below-5 to+5 ℉ approximately.In some embodiments, the target temperature in temperature control zone is equal to or less than pact+32 ℉.
In some embodiments, the target temperature in temperature control zone is about 0 to about+40 ℉.In some embodiments, the target temperature in temperature control zone is for making an appointment with+10 to about+40 ℉.In some embodiments, except any thaw cycles, the temperature control zone in the system has approximately+target temperature below 25 to+35 ℉.
In some embodiments, the temperature control zone in the system has the target temperature of pact+15 to about+45 ℉.In some embodiments, the target temperature in temperature control zone is equal to or less than pact+20 ℉.
In some embodiments, described system is designed to experience the periodically defrosted circulation.Thaw cycles is the short-term temperature-rise period of vaporizer.In some embodiments, time length depends on the size and the situation of the vaporizer that experience is thawed.In some embodiments, the thaw cycles sufficiently long is to remove any ice that is deposited on the vaporizer.For example, in some embodiments, in 60 minutes or shorter time short-term takes place and heat up; And in other embodiments, intensification was several hours or is longer.
In some embodiments, thaw cycles can not influence the temperature in temperature control zone.In some embodiments, thaw cycles can influence the temperature in temperature control zone.In some embodiments, thaw cycles can not influence the temperature of content.
In some embodiments, can under common room temperature, turn round air-conditioning system to reach the temperature in the temperature control zone.In other embodiments, can to the temperature of about 80 ℉, turn round air-conditioning system about 60 to reach the temperature in the temperature control zone.And in some embodiments, can under the temperature that is lower than about 60 ℉, use air-conditioning system, the temperature control zone is remained under the temperature that needs to keep.
In some embodiments, described system turns round as heat pump system.In some embodiments, described heat pump system remains on the temperature control zone under the temperature that is higher than 60 ℉.In some embodiments, described thermal pump remains on the temperature control zone under the temperature that is higher than 70 ℉.
In some embodiments, described system is designed to cool off the load less than 1/4 ton.In some embodiments, described system is designed to cool off the load less than 1/2 ton.In some embodiments, described system is designed to cool off the load less than 1 ton.In some embodiments, described system is designed to cool off about 1 to about 3 tons load.In some embodiments, described system be designed to cool off about 1 ton to about 5 tons load.In some embodiments, described system is designed to cool off the load greater than 5 tons.In some embodiments, described system is designed to cool off 8 tons or greater than 8 tons load.In some embodiments, described system is designed to cool off 10 tons or greater than 10 tons load.
In some embodiments, described system is designed to cool off 12 tons or greater than 12 tons load.In some embodiments, described system is designed to cool off 15 tons or greater than 15 tons load.In some embodiments, described system is designed to cool off 20 tons or greater than 20 tons load.In some embodiments, described system is designed to cool off 22 tons or greater than 22 tons load.In some embodiments, described system is designed to cool off the load greater than 25 tons.In some embodiments, described system is designed to cool off 20 to 60 tons load.In some embodiments, described system is designed to cool off the load greater than 60 tons.In each of these systems, can reach total load by various a plurality of subsystems with a plurality of temperature controls zone, described temperature control zone has different target temperatures and different vaporizer operating temperatures.In some embodiments, there are more than one compressor and one or more condenser.
In some embodiments, described system comprises reezer system, refrigerator or air-conditioning or their combination.In some embodiments, described system has one or more refrigeration temperature controls zone and one or more freezing temperature controls zone.
Pipe in the system described herein, line, pipeline and conduit can be made by any suitable material, and described material can comprise refrigeration agent under all temps and pressure, and chemistry or physics do not change refrigeration agent significantly.In some embodiments, pipe, line, pipeline and conduit can be made by identical materials or different materials.In some embodiments, described pipe, line, pipeline and tube material are selected from glass, copper, copper alloy, aluminium, aluminium alloy, stainless steel, and their combination.In containing some embodiments of copper alloy, described copper alloy also comprises molybdenum, nickel or their mixture.
In some embodiments, the total length of pipe, line, pipeline and conduit is at least about 40 feet in the system.In some embodiments, the total length of pipe, line, pipeline and conduit is greater than 40 feet.In some embodiments, the total length of pipe, line, pipeline and conduit is at least about 60 feet.In some embodiments, the total length of pipe, line, pipeline and conduit is greater than 60 feet.In some embodiments, the total length of pipe, line, pipeline and conduit is at least about 120 feet.In some embodiments, the total length of pipe, line, pipeline and conduit is greater than 120 feet.In some embodiments, the total length of line, pipeline and conduit is at least about 200 feet.In some embodiments, the total length of pipe, line, pipeline and conduit is greater than 200 feet.In some embodiments, the total length of pipe, line, pipeline and conduit is at least about 500 feet.In some embodiments, the total length of line, pipeline and conduit is greater than 500 feet.In some embodiments, the total length of line, pipeline and conduit is at least about 1,000 foot.In some embodiments, the total length of line, pipeline and conduit is greater than 1,000 foot.In some embodiments, the total length of line, pipeline and conduit is at least about 2,000 feet.In some embodiments, the total length of line, pipeline and conduit is greater than 2,000 feet.
In some embodiments, described system has the average evaporator temperature of pact of being selected from-40 to the temperature of about+40 ℉, and condenser temperature is in the scope of about+60 to+130 ℉.In some embodiments, described system has and is selected from approximately-40 to the average evaporator temperatures of the temperature of+40 ℉ approximately, and condenser temperature be maintained at about+70 to+105 ℉ approximately scope in.
In some embodiments, described system has the average evaporator temperature of the temperature that is selected from-20 to+20 ℉, and condenser temperature be maintained at about+60 to about+130 ℉ scope in.In some embodiments, described system has the average evaporator temperature of the temperature that is selected from-20 to+20 ℉, and condenser temperature be maintained at about+70 to about+105 ℉ scope in.
In some embodiments, described liquid refrigerant experienced the subcooling of about 5 ℉ before arriving expansion valve.In other embodiments, described liquid refrigerant is before arriving expansion valve, and experience is between about 5 and the subcooling of about 10 ℉.In other embodiments, described liquid refrigerant experienced about 10 subcooling to about 20 ℉ before arriving expansion valve.In some embodiments, described liquid refrigerant experience is greater than the subcooling of 20 ℉.In some embodiments, described liquid refrigerant experience is no more than the subcooling of 50 ℉.In some embodiments, described liquid refrigerant experience is greater than the subcooling of 50 ℉.
In some embodiments, described system has at least two temperature control zones, at least two R22 expansion valves and at least two vaporizers.In some embodiments, described system has at least two temperature control zones, at least two expansion valve and at least two vaporizers that are selected for above-mentioned composition.
In having some embodiments of two or more sensing members, at least one sensing member comprises R22, and at least one other sensing member comprises above-mentioned composition.
In some embodiments, described system can comprise 4 fluid loop pipelines, 4 compressors and 21 reezer systems and/or freezer cabinet, and comprises TXV and 10 or the more a plurality of TXV that does not have divider that has divider greater than 50.In other embodiments, described system can be a cryogenic refrigerating system, described system has 9 to 15 fluid loop pipelines, 15 to 42 reach in freezers that are connected with described system at different positions place along the fluid loop pipeline, comprise 1 or more a plurality ofly step into the formula refrigerator, and use 4 to 6 compressors.
Some embodiments are middle temperature systems, and described system has 4 fluid loop pipelines, and 21 refrigerated display case are as the temperature control zone, 4 compressors and at least 60 TXV with divider, and 10 TXV that do not have divider.Some embodiments only comprise steps into the formula refrigerator, and it has at least 7 TXV with divider.Warm system has 15 fluid loop pipelines in some, has 42 cabinets (being selected from reezer system, refrigerator, water cooler and their combination), uses 6 compressors, 34 TXV and 8 TXV that do not have divider with divider.Warm system does not use divider in some on TXV.Warm system comprises 10 fluid loop pipelines in some, has 18 refrigerators and 6 and steps into the formula cooling cabinet, uses 4 compressors and 18 TXV with divider, and 9 TXV that do not have divider.
Some embodiments are cryogenic systems, and described system comprises 9 fluid loop pipelines, 28 reach in freezers, and 1 is stepped into the formula refrigerator, a plurality of compressors, 32 TXV with divider, and 1 TXV that does not have divider.Some systems comprise that 4 are stepped into the formula refrigerator, and it uses 5 TXV with divider.
In some embodiments, described system is rated at the load running down of 1000BTU/h at least.In some embodiments, described system is rated at greater than 1, and the load of 000BTU/h is running down.In some embodiments, described system is rated at least 50, and the load of 000BTU/h is running down.In some embodiments, described system is rated at least 100, and the load of 000BTU/h is running down.In some embodiments, described system is rated at greater than 100, and the load of 000BTU/h is running down.
Water cooler
In one embodiment, composition of the present disclosure can be used as the refrigeration agent in the water cooler.Water cooler is a kind of air conditioning/refrigerating equipment.The watercooler that has two types is an available, i.e. steam compression type water cooler and absorption chiller.The disclosure relates to the steam compression type water cooler.This type of steam compression type water cooler can be the full liquid evaporative type cooler that is shown among Figure 10, or is shown in the direct evaporation formula water cooler among Figure 12.Full liquid evaporative type cooler and direct evaporation formula water cooler can be gas cooling or water-cooled.Water cooler is in the water-cooled embodiment therein, and this type of water cooler generally is associated with cooling tower, and described used for cooling tower is in the heat that ejects from system.Water cooler is in the air-cooled embodiment therein, and described water cooler is equipped with fin-tube condenser coil and the fan of refrigeration agent to air, to eject the heat from system.The flow through cooler system generally than the water-cooled chiller system that comprises cooling tower and water pump of equal refrigerating duty more economically.Yet under many operating conditions, water cooled system is because lower condensing temperature and more effective.
Water cooler can be connected with distribution system with artificial atmosphere, to provide comfortable air-conditioning (with air cooling and dehumidifying) to the large-scale commercial building that comprises hotel, office building, hospital, university etc.In another embodiment, found that water cooler also can be used in naval's undersea boat and the surface vessel.
For how the diagram water cooler moves, referring to accompanying drawing.The full liquid evapourizing type water cooler of water-cooled is illustrated among Figure 10.In this water cooler, warm liquid such as the buildings cooling system, enters into water cooler (at arrow 3 places signal enter) by evaporator coil 9 from the cooling system.In some embodiments, warm fluid is a water.In other embodiments, warm fluid is a water, also comprises ethylene glycol or propylene glycol.Described liquid is delivered to vaporizer 214, and described therein liquid is cooled off by liquid refrigerant, and this is shown in the bottom of vaporizer.Described liquid refrigerant evaporates under than the lower temperature of the warm liquid that flows through coil 9.The liquid that is cooled is back in the buildings cooling system via the return partly recirculation of coil 9, and is as shown in arrow 4.Liquid refrigerant evaporates shown in vaporizer 214 bottoms among Figure 10, and enter into compressor 70, described compressor raises the pressure and temperature of described refrigerant vapour.This steam of described compressor compresses makes under its can be in the refrigerant vapour temperature when coming out higher temperature condensation in condenser 80 from vaporizer.Be the cooling tower at heat-eliminating medium arrow 1 place in Figure 10 of liquid under water-cooled water cooler situation, enter into condenser via condenser coil 10.Described heat-eliminating medium heats up in process, and returns the loop and arrow 2 is back to the cooling tower or the external world respectively via coil 10.This heat-eliminating medium makes the steam cooling in the condenser, and steam is transformed into liquid refrigerant, makes to have liquid refrigerant in as shown in figure 10 condenser.The liquid refrigerant that is condensed in the condenser flow back in the vaporizer via expansion gear or aperture 8.Aperture 8 has reduced the pressure of liquid refrigerant, and liquid refrigerant partly is transformed into steam.In other words, when the pressure between condenser and the vaporizer reduced, liquid refrigerant partly became steam (moment).Under evaporator pressure with liquid state and the quenching of steam-like refrigeration agent to temperature of saturation, make liquid refrigerant and refrigerant vapour all be present in the vaporizer.
Should be pointed out that for the one-component refrigerant composition composition of vapor refrigerant is identical with the composition of liquid refrigerant in the vaporizer in the vaporizer.In the case, evaporation will take place under steady temperature.Yet, if as the situation of the present composition, using refrigerant blend, vaporizer can have different compositions with liquid refrigerant in the condenser with refrigerant vapour.
The water cooler that refrigerating duty is higher than 700kW generally uses flooded evaporator, and wherein said refrigeration agent is contained in (that is, on shell side) in vaporizer and the condenser.Flooded evaporator needs higher refrigeration agent load, but can produce closelyer near temperature, and efficient is higher.Refrigerating duty is lower than the general vaporizer with refrigeration agent and refrigerated heat-eliminating medium that uses of water cooler of 700kW, and described refrigeration agent flows in pipe, and described refrigerated heat-eliminating medium is in vaporizer and condenser, promptly on shell side.This type of water cooler is called as direct expansion type (DX) water cooler.Water-cooled direct expansion type water cooler is illustrated among Figure 12.In water cooler as shown in figure 12, warm heat-eliminating medium such as water enters vaporizer at inlet 14 places.Most of liquid refrigerant locates to enter evaporator coil 9 at arrow 3 ',, and evaporation.Therefore, the cooling of water takes place in vaporizer, and refrigerative liquid leaves vaporizer at outlet 16 places.Described refrigerant vapour locates to leave vaporizer at arrow 4 ', and delivers to compressor 7,, wherein it is compressed and leaves as the steam of High Temperature High Pressure.This steam enters condenser by 1 ' the condenser coil of locating.The water cooling in the device that is condensed of described steam, and become liquid.Water coolant enters condenser by condenser water-in inlet 20, and it is from the condensed steam draw heat, and described heat heats water.Water leaves by condenser water outlet 18.Condensed refrigerant liquid locates to leave condenser at arrow 2 ', and by expansion valve 12, described expansion valve reduces the pressure of liquid refrigerant.The small amount of steam that produces enters vaporizer with liquid refrigerant owing to expanding.
The steam compression type water cooler can be distinguished by they used type of compressor.In one embodiment, disclosed composition can be used for using in the centrifugal chiller of radial compressor.In another embodiment, disclosed composition can be used for using positive-displacement compressor, reciprocating compressor, screw-type compressor or scroll compressor in the described water cooler in the positive displacement water cooler.
Used the modified method of the system of R22 in the past
What also describe is modified method to following heat transfer system, and described heat transfer system has R22 at the condenser of its system to the vaporizer loop, and has the R22 expansion valve, and has the sensing member that contains R22, and described method comprises:
(i) condenser from system removes R22 to the vaporizer loop;
The condenser of (ii) using alternate sets compound loading system is to the vaporizer loop, the saturated vapor pressure of described alternate sets compound is substantially the same with the saturated vapor pressure of R22, under the identical systems operating condition, have at least 90% R22 refrigerating duty, and can not make the increase of expansion valve loading capacity exceed more than 130% of described R22 expansion valve.
In one embodiment, described method is included in the (ii) middle alternative refrigerant with zero ozone depletion potentiality that uses of step.
In some embodiments, described alternative refrigerant has acceptable Global warming potentiality (" GWP ").In some embodiments, described Global warming potentiality is lower than 2600.In some embodiments, described Global warming potentiality is lower than 2300.In some embodiments, described Global warming potentiality is lower than 2000.
Global warming potentiality (GWP) is to be used in the 100 year scopes that are evaluated at because the index of contributing with the relative Global warming that airborne release that one kilogram of emission of carbon-dioxide is compared one kilogram of concrete greenhouse gases causes, described in the assessment report second time (SAR-1995) of Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change of United Nations.
In one embodiment, described method comprises and uses above-mentioned composition as the filling refrigeration agent of step in (ii).In one embodiment, described method also comprises and uses the identical refrigeration agent that uses in (ii) with step to substitute R22 in the sensing member.
In one embodiment, described method also be included in the charging step (ii) before, the condenser of replacing system all sealing members to the vaporizer loop.
The condenser of system to the sealing member in the vaporizer loop is arranged in a plurality of positions of system, comprises the interface between two metallic surfaces or accessory and other metal assemblies such as solenoid valve, Schraeder valve, spherical valve etc.The type of sealing member may simply be O shape ring or packing ring, and they are made of a variety of materials usually, such as plastics, rubber and other elastomericss.In some embodiments, these materials are chloroprene rubber, hydrogenated nitrile-butadiene rubber, NBR, terpolymer EP rubber, EPDM, siloxanes, and their mixture and combination.
In some embodiments, do not need to adjust the overheated regulating spring in the R22 expansion valve, to the vaporizer loop, to hold composition as herein described at condenser.In other embodiments, overheated regulating spring adjustment is no more than 3psig (forward or backwards), to the vaporizer loop, to hold the alternate sets compound at condenser.
The technician recognizes that the object among the figure illustrates with knowing for simple, and may not draw in proportion, or represents only embodiment.For example, can come the size of some object in the enlarged view, to help to improve understanding to some embodiment with respect to other objects.
Accompanying drawing describes in detail
Fig. 1 is to use the synoptic diagram of the heat transfer system of above-mentioned composition.This synoptic diagram has illustrated system 100, and described system uses above-mentioned composition in sensing member 101 and sensing ball 102.Temperature control zone to be cooled is a cooled region 103.Content in the cooled region is illustrated by content 104.Liquid refrigerant line 110 feeds expansion valve 112, and in the liquid refrigerant inflow vaporizer 114, wherein its expands, evaporates and leaves vaporizer as the superheated vapour in the suction line 140 120.
Condenser and compressor in this system are not shown.In an embodiment as herein described, this type systematic can experience remodeling, and condenser is alternative by above-mentioned refrigerant composition to the R22 in the vaporizer loop thus.Expansion valve need not to change.In some embodiments, overheated regulating spring (referring to following Fig. 3) adjustment can be no more than ± 3psig.
Fig. 2 is the synoptic diagram with coolant system of thermostatic expansion valve.In this synoptic diagram, has liquid refrigerant (for embodiment as herein described, can be R22 of the prior art, or composition as herein described) system makes described liquid refrigerant move through TXV212), described thus refrigeration agent leaves as half liquid, half gas phase, enters into the vaporizer 214 that is connected), the refrigeration agent of wherein said half liquid, half gas is manoeuvred in the vaporizer, from wherein leaving, and enter into suction line 240 with gas phase.Vapor phase refrigerant then moves forward, and is manoeuvred in the compressor 250 that is connected, and it is compressed and is back to the hot gas state thus.Described then refrigeration agent shifts out compressor, enters into the hot gasline 260 that is connected, and then moves forward, and is manoeuvred into condenser 270) in, described thus gas refrigerant is condensed and is back to liquid phase.Described liquid refrigerant line 280 turns back among the TXV described liquid refrigerant.
Fig. 3 is a kind of synoptic diagram of expansion valve, and described expansion valve comprises the valve body 92 that is connected with sensing member 201) and liquid refrigerant import 97, described sensing member 201 has sensing ball 202.Sensing ball 202 is parts of sensing member 201, and it is connected with the thermostatic element 99 with barrier film 84.In some embodiments, described barrier film can substitute (not shown) by air deflecting system.When thermostatic element 99 is sensed sensing ball 202) when middle temperature rises, P1 is applied on the barrier film, it is pressed down (and in the embodiment of system described herein, described sensing member can comprise a kind of in R22 or the above-mentioned composition), and pressure accumulates in the sensing capillary 82, promote push rod 98), lift off a seat 88 thereby promote valve plug 96), liquid refrigerant is flow into the vaporizer from import (promote overheated spring 94 all the time).Can be via overheated adjusting screw(rod) 90) TXV is carried out some adjustings, this can increase or reduce P3.In some embodiments, can use overheated adjusting screw(rod) 90 with+/-amount of 3psig regulates P3.In some embodiments, can use overheated adjusting screw(rod) 90 with greater than+/-amount of 3psig regulates P3.The refrigeration agent of half liquid, half gas leaves valve body 92 via outlet 95.Between system's on-stream period, the pressure that is applied on the barrier film (or flow deflector) is P1 (vapour pressure of thermostatic element 99), and anti-mutually with the combination pressure of P2 (via the evaporator pressure of inner equilibrium device 86) and P3 (equivalent pressures of overheated regulating spring 94 elastic force).
Fig. 4 is the synoptic diagram with thermostatic expansion valve of nozzle and divider.Fluid loop pipeline 210 is connected with the import 97 of TXV main body 92, and described TXV main body has the barrier film 84 that is connected with sensing member 101.TXV main body 92 has outlet 95.With go out 95 what be connected be nozzle 205), described nozzle has connected divider 207.Divider 207 has two export distributors 209, and it is connected with the vaporizer with two evaporator coils 216.
Fig. 5 is to use the synoptic diagram of the coolant system of one of R22 and above-mentioned composition.This synoptic diagram has illustrated the system 200 that uses R22 in sensing member 101 and sensing ball 102.In this synoptic diagram, zone to be cooled is temperature control zone 203.Content in the temperature control zone is illustrated by content 204.Described liquid refrigerant 210 enters into the expansion valve 212 of R22, and flow into vaporizer 214) in, wherein it expands and evaporation, and leaves vaporizer as superheated vapour 220, and enters into suction line 240.In some embodiments, do not need to adjust the R22 expansion valve, in vaporizer, to hold above-mentioned composition.Condenser and compressor in this system are not shown.
Fig. 6 is the synoptic diagram of another embodiment system 300 of an embodiment of disclosed heat transfer system, and described system is to use the coolant system of R22 and above-mentioned composition.Fluid loop pipeline 210 comprises above-mentioned composition, and it enters valve inlet pipe 33), enter into expansion valve 92 via valve import 97).Expansion valve 92 comprises the barrier film 84 that is connected with sensing member 101.The divider 207 that described expansion valve has nozzle 205 and is attached thereto.Described divider 207 has and evaporator coil 216) export distributor 209 that is connected, wherein this coil of a part is positioned at outside the vaporizer 214.When above-mentioned composition enters into evaporator coil 216, the steam condition that reaches capacity when it leaves vaporizer 214, when living through thermal change then and becoming superheated vapour 220, above-mentioned composition circulates between two-phase (liquid and gas).In some embodiments, make overheated 5 ℉ that are no more than of above-mentioned composition; In some embodiments, make overheated 6 ℉ that are no more than of above-mentioned composition; In some embodiments, make overheated 7 ℉ that are no more than of above-mentioned composition; In other embodiments, make overheated 8 ℉ that are no more than of above-mentioned composition; And in some embodiments, make overheated 10 ℉ that are no more than; In some embodiments, make overheated 10 to 15 ℉ that remain on of above-mentioned composition; In other embodiments, make overheated 15 ℉ that are no more than of above-mentioned composition; And make in other embodiments, overheated 20 ℉ that are no more than of above-mentioned composition.In some embodiments, make overheated 5 to 10 ℉ that remain on overheated.
The sensing ball 102 that contains R22) temperature of induction superheated vapour, via sensing member 101) in the pressure of R22 pass on, described sensing member and expansion valve 92) in barrier film 84 be connected, so that extra liquid is flow in the expansion valve 92, or the restriction above-mentioned composition enters into expansion valve 92.Superheated vapour 220 is manoeuvred in the suction line 240, and meets with steam-return line pipeline 28.Steam-return line pipeline 28 is connected with other refrigeration systems, and described other refrigeration systems can be identical or different with system 300.The steam of one of above-mentioned composition enters into the suction header 29 of compressor 70.Compressor 70 can be one or more compressors of together working (for example frame compressor), and it can be the compressor of identical or different type, perhaps can have identical or different loading capacity.After with the compression of above-mentioned composition hot steam, described gas leaves compressor, and is manoeuvred in the steam-return line pipeline 74, in entering the condenser (not shown).Make air pass through evaporator coil via fan or other mechanism (not shown).Above-mentioned composition in the vaporizer to desired nominal temperature, and is cooled to content temperature 190 with content 204 with the air cooling in the temperature control zone 203.The temperature of described content can be same or different from the temperature in temperature control zone.Need be no more than in some embodiments, ± the R22 expansion valve of 3psig regulates, to hold above-mentioned composition in vaporizer.
Fig. 7 is an embodiment according to heat transfer system described herein, uses the coolant system of R22 and above-mentioned composition, and promptly system 400, another embodiment synoptic diagram.This system is than system 200 and 300 bigger systems, and is the synoptic diagram of 15 systems that link together 200, and the liquid refrigerant main line pipeline 82 that leads to condenser 80 is shared by described system 200.In addition, system 400 has 3 or more a plurality of liquid refrigerant return line 210, and each pipeline has at least 5 systems that are attached thereto 200.Each system 200 has outlet line 20), itself and a plurality of steam-return line pipelines 28) in one be connected, described steam-return line pipeline is connected with suction line 240 then.Described suction line is connected with suction header 29, and described suction header then is connected with compressor 70.Compressor 70 can be single compressor, perhaps also can be two or more compressors of the parallel or work in series of a frame.In some embodiments, described system can have at least 4 return line, at least 4 compressors, and having nearly, 20 temperature control zones are attached thereto.
Each temperature control zone can be by each regional more than one evaporator cools.In some systems, not every TXV has divider.And in some systems, some TXV have divider, and other does not have.In some embodiments, do not need to adjust the R22 expansion valve, in vaporizer, to hold above-mentioned composition.
Fig. 8 is the synoptic diagram of refrigeration system that is used for an embodiment of refrigeration system described herein.This system shows the further use of oil separator 280 and receptor 290.In some embodiments, do not need to adjust the R22 expansion valve, in vaporizer, to hold above-mentioned composition.
Fig. 9 is the synoptic diagram that is used for the refrigeration system of an embodiment of refrigeration system described herein.This system shows the further use of subcooler 270.In some embodiments, do not need to adjust the R22 expansion valve, in vaporizer, to hold above-mentioned composition.
Figure 10 is the synoptic diagram of full liquid type chiller system, and wherein said liquid refrigerant composition is present in the vaporizer 214, and this type of water cooler has vapor composition circulation as herein described.Vapor refrigerant is circulated to compressor 70 from vaporizer via suction line 140.Described then compressor is connected with condenser 80 via vapor refrigerant pipeline 120.
Figure 11 is the synoptic diagram of the outer static organ 600 that is connected with thermostatic expansion valve.Outer static organ 600 is connected (referring to Fig. 6) with evaporator outlet pipeline 20.Evaporator pressure P2 is passed to the bottom of barrier film 84 via outer static organ.For understanding this embodiment better, outer static organ P2 and inner equilibrium device 86 (Fig. 3) can be contrasted.
Figure 12 is to use the synoptic diagram of the direct expansion formula evaporator cools device of refrigerant composition of the present invention.
Embodiment
Notion described herein will further describe in the following example, and described embodiment is not limited in the scope of describing in the claim of the present invention.
The calorimeter performance data
Calorimeter data under-25 ℉ evaporator temperatures (evaluation is used for the condition of cryogenic refrigeration state)
As described in air-conditioning and the refrigeration standard 540-2004 of association (ARI), show refrigeration performance for following specified condition:
Evaporator temperature-25 ℉
Condenser temperature 105 ℉
Return temperature (compressor suction) 65 ℉
Subcooling 10 ℉
The refrigerating duty of composition described herein and energy efficiency (EER) are shown in the following table, to compare with R22.The calorimeter performance data is based on Discus compressor and the reciprocating compressor examination list of R22 refrigerating duty and EER.In both cases, in scroll compressor, measure the laboratory system laboratory calorimeter data (embodiment) of composition of the present invention, and compare with the performance of R22, the performance of described R22 is based on Discus compressor and the single R22 refrigerating duty/EER value of reciprocating compressor examination.
Example composition is:
R32 8.5 weight %
R125 45 weight %
R134a 44.2 weight %
Normal butane 1.7 weight %
Iso-pentane 0.6 weight %
Table 1
Figure G2007800517285D00361
(the evaluation of calorimeter data under the 20 ℉ evaporator temperatures In warm refrigeration applicationCondition)
According to air-conditioning and the refrigeration standard 540-2004 of association (ARI), show refrigeration performance for following specified condition:
Evaporator temperature 20 ℉
Condenser temperature 120 ℉
Return temperature (compressor suction) 65 ℉
Subcooling 10 ℉
The refrigerating duty of composition described herein and energy efficiency (EER) are shown in the following table, to compare with R22.The calorimeter performance data is based on Discus compressor and the reciprocating compressor examination list of R22 refrigerating duty and EER.In both cases, in scroll compressor, measure the laboratory system laboratory calorimeter data (embodiment) of composition of the present invention, and compare with the performance of R22, the performance of R22 is based on Discus compressor and the single R22 refrigerating duty/EER value of reciprocating compressor examination.
Example composition is:
R32 8.5 weight %
R125 45 weight %
R134a 44.2 weight %
Normal butane 1.7 weight %
Iso-pentane 0.6 weight %
Table 2
Figure G2007800517285D00381
Inflammableness
(American Societyof Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers Inc) measures inflammableness to ASHRAE that can be by described in ASHRAE standard 34-2004, with the refrigeration agent classification.For obtaining " A1 " grade, refrigeration agent must be nontoxic and nonflammable in liquid phase and vapor phase.For inflammableness, the poorest situation preparation (WCF) is nominal preparation (comprises and form error), and for given refrigerant component mixture, this can cause the most inflammable concentration of component.Having the composition that makes during the fractionation of WCF of maximum concentration in vapor phase and liquid phase in the inflammable component that causes determining according to ASHRAE standard 34-2004, is for the inflammableness cut (WCFF) of poor situation.For obtaining " A1 " grade, these also necessary right and wrong are inflammable.
By calculating total equivalent hydrocarbon (TEH) value (TEH=hydrocarbon weight %+0.10 *The R32 of weight %) determines to comprise the inflammableness assessment of the composition of R125, R134a, R 32 and hydrocarbon." TEH " value that comprises composition such as those compositions as herein described of a certain amount of R125 is described in more detail in United States Patent (USP) 6,783, in 691.For the composition that comprises about 60 weight %R125, described TEH must be less than or equal to 4.7%, so that described composition is non-inflammable.Following table shows WCF (based on above-mentioned composition) and WCFF, and the TEH value and the comparison that is present in the another kind of composition in the existing field (all at-33 ℃, being specified by ASHRAE, higher 10 ℃ than boiling point) of listing in the example composition in the table 1.
Table 3
Initial composition Liquid WCF forms Steam-like WCFF forms The THE value of WCFF
Embodiment=R32 8.5 R125 45 R134a 44.2 normal butanes 1.7 iso-pentane 0.6 ?9?43.5?45?1.8?0.7 ??15.1??58.9??23??2.65??0.35 (4.5 nonflammable) (less than 4.7%)
Compare R32 10 R125 45 R134a 42.5 normal butanes 2.0 iso-pentane 0.5 ?10.5?43.5?43.3?2.1?0.6 ??17.2??57.8??21.7??3.0??0.3 (5.0 inflammable) (greater than 4.7%)
The TEH of example composition WCFF shows that less than 4.7% this composition is nonflammable.In addition, the TEH value of comparative composition WCFF embodiment shows that greater than 4.7% this composition is inflammable.
The influence of steam seepage
Under 23 ℃ of temperature, in container, add starting composition, and measure the initial vapour pressure of described composition.Described composition is leaked out from container, make temperature keep constant simultaneously, be removed, measure the vapour pressure that remaines in the composition in the container this moment until the starting composition of 50 weight %.Calculation result is shown in Table 4.
Table 4
Composition (R32/R125/R134a/ normal butane/iso-pentane) Original pressure (kPa) Pressure after 50% seepage (kPa) Pressure change (%)
??8.5/45/44.2/1.7/0.6 ??105 ??963 ??8.5
??9/44.21/44.3/1.8/0.7 ??105 ??964 ??8.7
??9/43.4/45.7/1.5/0.4 ??105 ??958 ??8.8
??7/46.5/44.6/1.5/0.4 ??103 ??952 ??8.4
??7/45/45.5/1.8/0.7 ??103 ??942 ??8.5
For composition of the present invention, the steam pressure difference after former composition and 50 weight % are removed between the remaining composition is less than about 10%.This shows that composition of the present invention is an Azeotrope-like compositions.

Claims (45)

1. composition, described composition comprises following component as expressed in weight percent:
7.0-9.0 the methylene fluoride of weight %;
39.0-50.0 the pentafluoride ethane of weight %;
39.0-50.0 1,1,1 of weight %, the 2-Tetrafluoroethane; With
1.9 to the hydrocarbon of 2.5 weight %, described hydrocarbon basically by
The Skellysolve A of the iso-pentane of 1.5-1.8% normal butane and 0.4-0.7 weight % or 0.4-0.7 weight % is formed.
2. the composition of claim 1, described composition comprises:
7.0-9.0 the methylene fluoride of weight %;
42.0-49.0 the pentafluoride ethane of weight %;
42.0-49.0 1,1,1 of weight %, the 2-Tetrafluoroethane;
1.9-2.5 the hydrocarbon of weight %, described hydrocarbon basically by
1.5-1.8 the normal butane of weight % and
0.4-0.7 the Skellysolve A of the iso-pentane of weight % or 0.4-0.7 weight % is formed.
3. the composition of claim 1, described composition comprises:
7.0-9.0 the methylene fluoride of weight %;
43.5-47.5 the pentafluoride ethane of weight %;
42.7-45.7 1,1,1 of weight %, the 2-Tetrafluoroethane;
2.1-2.5 the hydrocarbon of weight %, described hydrocarbon basically by
1.5-1.8 the normal butane of weight % and
0.4-0.7 the Skellysolve A of the iso-pentane of weight % or 0.4-0.7 weight % is formed.
4. the composition of claim 1, described composition comprises:
7.0-9.0 the methylene fluoride of weight %;
43.5-47.5 the pentafluoride ethane of weight %;
42.7-45.7 1,1,1 of weight %, the 2-Tetrafluoroethane;
1.9-2.5 the hydrocarbon of weight %, described hydrocarbon basically by
1.5-1.8 the normal butane of weight % and
0.4-0.7 the Skellysolve A of the iso-pentane of weight % or 0.4-0.7 weight % is formed.
5. steam heat transfer composition, described composition comprises following component as expressed in weight percent:
10.0-17.0 the methylene fluoride of weight %;
54.0-61.0 the pentafluoride ethane of weight %;
23.0-30.0 1,1,1 of weight %, the 2-Tetrafluoroethane; With
2.3 to the hydrocarbon of 3.1 weight %, described hydrocarbon basically by
2.0 the iso-pentane of normal butane to 2.5% and 0.3-0.6 weight % or 0.3-0.6 weight % Skellysolve A are formed.
6. the composition of claim 1, described composition also comprises PFPE.
7. the composition of claim 6, wherein said PFPE counts about 0.1% to about 3% by the weight of described composition.
8. the composition of claim 5, wherein said PFPE counts about 0.01% to about 1.5% by the weight of described composition.
9. one kind is used for the refrigerating method, and described method comprises: near main body to be cooled in the evaporation claim 1-4 composition a kind of, and then away from the described composition of described main body condensation to be cooled.
10. method that is used to heat, described method comprises: near main body to be heated in the condensation claim 1-4 composition a kind of, evaporate described composition away from described main body to be heated then.
11. comprise the heat exchange system of the composition of claim 1, wherein said system is selected from air-conditioning, refrigerator, reezer system, water-cooled water cooler, steps into formula refrigerator, thermal pump and mobile refrigerating and air conditioning applications.
12. heat transfer system, described system can be connected with at least one temperature control zone, and the element of described system comprises:
(i) at least one liquid refrigerant line;
(ii) at least one is suitable for the expansion valve that the composition with R22 or claim 1 uses;
(iii) at least one vaporizer;
(iv) at least one compressor;
(v) at least one condenser;
(vi) at least one vapor refrigerant pipeline; And wherein all elements have inlet side and outlet side, and element (i) is to (vi) fluid is connected together and comprises the composition of claim 1; And described system comprises that also at least one has the sensing member at two ends, wherein the outlet side of an end and at least one vaporizer communicates to connect, and an end and at least one expansion valve communicate to connect, and described at least one sensing member comprises the fluid that is suitable for when R22 is used for described condenser to the vaporizer loop.
13. according to the system of claim 12, described system comprises that also at least one has the expansion valve of divider.
14. the system according to claim 12: wherein at least one compressor is positioned at apart from 15 feet places of at least one condenser at least.
15. according to the system of claim 12, wherein at least one condenser is positioned at away from least one vaporizer place.
16. according to the system of claim 12, wherein said system uses air to transfer heat in the described temperature control zone or with heat and transmits from described temperature control zone.
17. according to the system of claim 12, wherein except thaw cycles, at least one temperature control zone remains on basically and is no more than+and 5 °F.
18. according to the system of claim 12, wherein except thaw cycles, at least one temperature control zone remains on basically and is no more than+and 45 °F.
19. according to the system of claim 12, at least one vaporizer in the wherein said system has average operating temperature, described temperature is selected from-40 to about+40 temperature approximately.
20. according to the system of claim 12, wherein at least one temperature control zone remains on 60 °F to about 80 °F.
21. according to the system of claim 12, the wherein said running is selected from following device with the system that regulates described temperature control zone: reezer system, prepared food cabinet, product introduction cabinet, step into formula refrigerator, thermal pump, refrigerator and air-conditioning and their combination.
22. according to the system of claim 12, wherein said system turns round being no more than under 20 the subcooling.
23. according to the system of claim 12, described system also comprises the fluid loop pipeline, and wherein said fluid loop pipeline is for being five feet long at least.
24. according to the system of claim 12, described system also comprises liquid main line pipeline, wherein said liquid main line pipeline is long at least 20 feet.
25. according to the system of claim 24, described system also comprises the steam-return line pipeline, wherein said steam-return line pipeline is long at least 20 feet.
26. according to the system of claim 12, wherein said system comprises at least two temperature control zones, at least two expansion valves and at least two vaporizers.
27. according to the system of claim 12, wherein said system also comprises liquid main line pipeline, fluid loop pipeline, steam-return line pipeline and suction line, and the total length of each pipeline in the wherein said system is at least 40 feet.
28. according to the system of claim 12, wherein said system also comprises liquid main line pipeline, fluid loop pipeline, steam-return line pipeline and suction line, and the total length of each pipeline in the wherein said system is at least 60 feet.
29. according to the system of claim 12, wherein said system also comprises liquid main line pipeline, fluid loop pipeline, steam-return line pipeline and suction line, and the total length of each pipeline in the wherein said system is at least 120 feet.
30. according to the system of claim 12, wherein said system also comprises liquid main line pipeline, fluid loop pipeline, steam-return line pipeline and suction line, and the total length of each pipeline in the wherein said system is at least 1000 feet.
31. according to the system of claim 12, wherein said system is specified with at least 1, running in 000BTU/ hour.
32. according to the system of claim 12, wherein said system is specified with at least 50, running in 000BTU/ hour.
33. according to the system of claim 12, wherein said system is specified with at least 100, running in 000BTU/ hour.
34. reezer system, step into formula refrigerator, water cooler, product introduction cabinet, refrigerator or conditioning unit, described equipment has the expansion valve that at least one vaporizer, at least one divider and at least one R22 are suitable for, and at least one sensing member, described sensing member has when R22 is used for described condenser to the vaporizer loop fluid that is suitable for, and described improvement comprises makes sensing member that R22 is suitable for combine with refrigeration agent in the claim 1 of described condenser to the vaporizer loop.
35. the method for the heat transfer system that is used to retrofit, described system has R22 at the condenser of system to the vaporizer loop, and have the R22 expansion valve, and have have suitable fluidic sensing member when R22 is used for described condenser to the vaporizer loop, described method comprises:
(i) condenser from described system removes R22 to the vaporizer loop; With
(ii) load the condenser of described system to the vaporizer loop with the alternate sets compound, the saturated vapor pressure of described alternate sets compound is substantially the same with the saturated vapor pressure of R22, it has at least 90% R22 refrigerating duty, and can not make the loading capacity increase of described valve exceed more than 130% of described R22 expansion valve.
36. the method for claim 35, described method also comprise the condenser of replacing described system all sealing members to the evaporator section.
37. the method for claim 35, described method also are included in the (ii) middle alternative refrigerant with zero ozone depletion potentiality that uses of step.
38. also comprising, the method for claim 35, described method use the Global warming potentiality to be lower than 2300 alternative refrigerant.
39. the method for claim 35, described method also comprises the use alternative refrigerant, and described method comprises that the composition that uses claim 1 is as the filling refrigeration agent of step in (ii).
40. the method for claim 35, described method comprise that also the identical refrigeration agent of the (ii) middle refrigeration agent that uses of use and step substitutes the fluid in the described sensing member.
41. the method for claim 35, described method comprise that also the composition that uses claim 1 to comprise substitutes the fluid in the described sensing member.
42. the method for claim 35, described method comprise that also the expansion valve that uses selection to be used for the composition of claim 1 substitutes described expansion valve.
43. the refrigeration or the air-conditioning system that can be connected with at least one temperature control zone, the element in the described system comprises:
(i) at least one liquid refrigerant line;
(ii) at least one measuring apparatus, described measuring apparatus is selected from thermostatic expansion valve, electric expansion valve, automatic expanding device, capillary valve, float type expansion valve, and their combination, and the selected composition with claim 1 of described measuring apparatus uses;
(iii) at least one vaporizer;
(iv) at least one compressor;
(v) at least one condenser;
(vi) at least one vapor refrigerant pipeline; And wherein all elements have inlet side and outlet side, and element (i) is to (vii) fluid is connected together and comprises the composition or the R22 of claim 1; And described system also comprises the sensing member with two ends, one end of wherein said sensing member and the outlet side of described vaporizer communicate to connect, and the other end and at least one have a composition of claim 1 in described sensing member expansion valve communicates to connect.
44. the system of claim 43, wherein said at least one measuring apparatus is at least one selected thermostatic expansion valve that uses with R22.
45. the system of claim 43, wherein said at least one measuring apparatus comprises at least two thermostatic expansion valves and two sensing members, and wherein at least one expansion valve is selected uses with R22, and a sensing member comprises the fluid that is suitable for when R22 is used for described condenser to the vaporizer loop, and at least one other sensing member comprises the composition of claim 1.
CNA2007800517285A 2006-12-23 2007-12-19 Fluorinated composition and the system that uses this based composition Pending CN101611113A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

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US87181806P 2006-12-23 2006-12-23
US60/871,818 2006-12-23
US60/938,882 2007-05-18

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN114752360A (en) * 2022-04-13 2022-07-15 华中科技大学 Energy-saving environment-friendly working medium for heat pump boiler
CN117249609A (en) * 2023-11-20 2023-12-19 东净(厦门)能源有限公司 Direct expansion type low-temperature low-humidity air treatment unit

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN114752360A (en) * 2022-04-13 2022-07-15 华中科技大学 Energy-saving environment-friendly working medium for heat pump boiler
CN117249609A (en) * 2023-11-20 2023-12-19 东净(厦门)能源有限公司 Direct expansion type low-temperature low-humidity air treatment unit
CN117249609B (en) * 2023-11-20 2024-02-06 东净(厦门)能源有限公司 Direct expansion type low-temperature low-humidity air treatment unit

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