CN101606029A - Solar collector - Google Patents
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- CN101606029A CN101606029A CNA2008800045895A CN200880004589A CN101606029A CN 101606029 A CN101606029 A CN 101606029A CN A2008800045895 A CNA2008800045895 A CN A2008800045895A CN 200880004589 A CN200880004589 A CN 200880004589A CN 101606029 A CN101606029 A CN 101606029A
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- solar collector
- absorber elements
- reflecting element
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/40—Solar thermal energy, e.g. solar towers
Abstract
A kind of thin section solar collector is collected solar energy as heat, limits the possible peak value stagnation temperature in the gatherer in the summer months simultaneously.Described solar collector has a plurality of reflectors, and each reflector has the longitudinal edge parallel with adjacent reflector, makes reflecting element be arranged to the parallel array of constant offset, and it in use forms the upwards stair of reflecting surface.Absorber elements is between adjacent a pair of reflector.Each absorber elements has between every pair of reflecting element and be arranged the exposed surface that extends with between second edge of first edge of a reflector and adjacent reflector.The exposed surface of absorber elements be configured to reflecting element each at angle, thereby form the fixing parallel array of the exposed surface of absorber elements.Transparent cap extends above reflecting element and absorber elements.In use, reflecting element is directed on first general horizontal direction, makes to pass the incident sunlight of top cover or directly drop on the exposed surface of each absorber elements or incident sunlight drops on the reflector of one exposed surface in the contiguous absorber elements and reflexes on separately the exposed surface.
Description
The cross reference of related application
The application requires in the Australian temporary patent application No.2007900662 of 12 applications February in 2007 with in the priority of the Australian temporary patent application No.2007901492 of 21 applications March in 2007, and its disclosed content is incorporated herein by reference.
Technical field
The present invention relates to use solar collector to collect to be used for the hot water supply of for example space heating and dwelling house, commerce or factory's building from the energy of the form of heat of solar radiation.
Background technology
At present, people are to the increase that focuses on of the global warming effect that for example caused by the burning of fossil (mineral) fuel in stocking space heater and domestic hot water system.The Environmental costs expection of the increase relevant with this effect can force the government in the whole world finally to the burning or the taxation of carbon trade scheme of fossil fuel, and the two will increase the cost relevant with the burning of fossil fuel.
It is tangible and suitable replacement to combustion of fossil fuels that the solar radiation of incident is used for above mentioned application, yet such system also is not extensive use of at present.Glass/metal solar hot water system has been found that some purposes, but because their initial cost is very high, these systems are subsidized by government's tax reduction (rebate) mostly.May be 5 to 10 years the average payoff period of such system, yet the average life span of glass/metal collectors only is about 15 years.Certainly, the recent rising of metal price is unfavorable for the economic feasibility of such system, because they are extensive use of copper and aluminium.
Because lower material cost, people made many effort with plastic applications in the manufacturing of solar collector, but owing to many reason plastic collector are not also commercially produced widely or can't be carried out the commercialization competition with glass/metal.This mainly is owing to be used to glass (glazing) and the particularly known restriction of plastics during absorber.Other structure member that main restriction relates to absorber components or gatherer is exposed to the extreme temperature under the stagnant condition, and wherein, gatherer is exposed to completely under the sun condition and inner cooling fluid does not flow.Inner stagnation temperature can reach above 160C ° easily for smooth solar collector, and described solar collector has selectable face coat with maximum absorption while minimal thermal losses.Panel is exposed to stagnant condition to be common and can to take place during installation or pump, controller or defective valve and can cause easily the catastrophic damage of plastic collector or the life-span of seriously having limited gatherer.This can require functional plastics is used for absorber and relevant parts, and described functional plastics can bear above-mentioned high temperature but unfortunately such functional plastics is very expensive.
On the stagnation temperature of restriction plastic solar energy gatherer, many trials have been made.The simplest is to allow from the huge thermal loss of the end face of panel or as lack glass cover fully or lack the bottom side insulator at the solar collector of pond type by the nonselective coating that use is used for absorber and glass.Unfortunately, the efficient of the solar panel that all these restriction is such, and particularly in the winter time use of the use that has therefore limited them.Fu Za passive way comprises the material of use as the transmission of the function change light of temperature more, but these also do not have to find to be used as the parts of solar collector.The control method of many actives can and be conceived to, and for example machinery of ventilating system or reflection part rotation makes the sun be returned to atmosphere rather than on the absorber of appointment.Such strategy has obvious defects: use complicated moving-member and relevant supervision and control system, it is easy to stand high cost of upkeep and proves an abortion.
Summary of the invention
The invention provides low profile solar collector, be used to collect solar energy, limit the possible peak value stagnation temperature in the gatherer in the summer months simultaneously, comprising as heat:
(a) a plurality of reflecting elements have first and second edges respectively, and reflecting element is arranged to the parallel array of constant offset, in use to form towards the stair of last reflecting surface;
(b) absorber elements, has the exposed surface between every pair of reflecting element, described exposed surface is roughly between one first edge in described adjacent a pair of reflecting element and another second edge in the described a pair of reflecting element, and described exposed surface be configured to described reflecting element each at angle, thereby form the fixing parallel array of the exposed surface of described absorber elements; With
(c) transparent top cover extends above reflecting element and absorber elements,
Make that in use reflecting element is directed on first general horizontal direction, the sunlight of incident passes top cover and directly drops on the exposed surface of each absorber elements, and/or with the contiguous reflector of one exposed surface in the absorber elements on, the sunlight of incident can reflex on each exposed surface from reflector.
Typically, collector panel will be installed on the smooth supporting construction, for example the roof, preferably face the sun at high noon, wherein, the roof has gradient p, makes the top edge of absorber elements to describe a line (referring to the definition of Fig. 2) with the angled p of horizontal plane.Described gatherer can typically be mounted on the roof with 70 ° or littler gradient, but preferably gradient is in 10 °-50 ° scope.Insulator can be installed in the following heat that is sent to the roof with reduction of absorber structure.
Preferably solar collector comprises shell, and described top cover forms the part of shell, makes shell surround the array of reflector and absorber elements.
The sun exposed of absorber elements (it needs not to be smooth) preferably is tilted and makes incidence angle that the normal (if or sun exposed surface be average normal when uneven) of sun exposed becomes with the solar noon sun radiation when the Summer Solstice during greater than Winter Solstice or the Spring Equinox/Autumnal Equinox (referring to Fig. 1-3).Preferably, reflecting element is for good and all fixed with the very little angle above or below horizontal plane (if or uneven time be average angle).
Reflecting element can by on the absorber elements that includes, but is not limited to be set at connection or be connected to described connection absorber elements polishing sheet metal, can be connected to the polycarbonate mirror of glass or absorber elements, the material that directly is deposited on vacuum chromium processing layer on the specific region of absorber elements or coating (if especially these zones are roughly when smooth) makes, or aluminium reflection, similar plastics handles by adding
Make in thin slice to absorber elements zone, thereby the hole is limited between every pair of adjacent reflecting element, and described hole is by one first edge in the described a pair of element and another second edge limited in the described a pair of element.
Preferably, the absorber elements surface of exposure is by blacking, thereby has very high solar absorptance.
The embodiment of solar collector panel comprises one or more transparent caps, and it can be formed by polymeric material or glass.Preferably, described material is a lower cost materials, for example the low-cost sheet of transparent polymer material or low-cost glass.Cap material preferably transparent but the partly or wholly transmission of block ultraviolet.Solar collector can comprise the separated a plurality of top covers in the air gap that is closed, to reduce the heat transfer by top cover.Preferably, top cover comprises " automatically cleaning " performance.
In the embodiment of solar collector, the fixing parallel array of absorber elements is elongated rectangular shape, and extends on the length of a horizontal size of gatherer.When solar collector was installed on the use location, the direction of solar collector was preferably such that these plastic absorber elements extend upward in east-west roughly.Plastic absorber structure can be manufactured into single of the absorber elements that comprises these connections or replacedly be manufactured into the absorber elements of separation and be arranged or connect into parallel array afterwards.
The fixing parallel array of rectangular reflection element can be roughly elongated rectangular shape and also extend on the length of the horizontal size (identical with the horizontal size of plastic absorber elements) of gatherer.Therefore, reflecting element also preferably in use will extend upward in east-west roughly, wherein, reflecting element and absorber elements be arranged with when the assembling alternately; Reflecting element forms roughly step-like outward appearance when watching on the gradient direction on roof, and reflecting element forms the riser of pedal and absorber elements formation step.
In one embodiment, gatherer can be mounted so that the length of absorber elements and reflector element becomes the small angle in 1 ° of-5 ° of scope with horizontal plane.
Preferably, the long edge of a reflector and the long edge of second reflector form elongated planar rectangular hole, being exposed to the sun direct and reflection by described hole absorber areas or face tans by the sun, and wherein, this area exposed or face preferably smooth and preferably consistent with the planar rectangular hole, therefore can protrude in the planar rectangular hole slightly forward or slightly in the back in planar rectangular hole.Planar rectangular hole and area exposed or face are also preferably downward-sloping towards horizontal plane with an angle, make the solar noon sun in the Summer Solstice of direct projection shine described zone or face (or passing described rectangular opening) with very big incidence angle, the Winter Solstice of direct projection simultaneously or the solar noon sun in the Spring Equinox/Autumnal Equinox (equinox) are shone described zone or face with less incidence angle.
Each sun exposed or face in its front (along the roof or the gradient direction of supporting construction when watching) have a corresponding reflector, described reflector preferably with towards or the very little angle r that rotates away from the sun exposed of correspondence fix.The purpose of corresponding reflector is the sun exposed of winter solar being tanned by the sun the correspondence that reflexes to absorber elements.
The angle r of the reflector of the correspondence that each is such depends on the latitude of roof inclination p (the supposition collector panel is parallel to the gradient on roof and installs) and installation site.Angle r for specific roof inclination and latitude can be in the scope with the restriction that is limited by following equation 1 and equation 2.The numerical value of r and p is preferably selected to be reflected on the corresponding sun exposed so that be radiated at the major part of the winter solar radiation on the reflecting element, be used for concentrating the purpose of radiation in winter, simultaneously all or part of of solar radiation in summer is back in the atmosphere, is used to limit the purpose of stagnation temperature in summer.
Absorber structure have below sun exposed surface and with at least one fluid passage of the exposed surface thermal communication of absorber elements, and described fluid passage is selectively below reflector space.These passages can extend (parallel with the adjacent edge of reflector and absorber elements) along the length of panel, or alternately they can or extend at any angle perpendicular to reflector (gradient along the roof makes progress).Preferably, each absorber elements has below its exposed surface and to extend and be used to store with transfer of heat with the exposed surface thermal communication or at least one internal flow delivery passages of other purposes.These passages also can be along the length (parallel with absorber elements with reflecting element) of panel or are replacedly extended perpendicular to reflecting element or with any such angle.
When fluid delivery passage also extends below reflector region, in specific situation maybe advantageously: allow the significant thermal communication of reflector space and fluid in its lower section delivery between the passage in addition, so that the heat of any remnants on reflector region also can be transferred to fluid.
Gatherer comprises heat-transfer fluid is incorporated into the inlet passage of collector panel and fluid passage and the exit passageway of discharging heat-transfer fluid from described passage and collector panel.
Preferably, absorber elements (comprising the fluid passage) will be formed by the polymeric material of for example plastic material.
Plastic absorber elements is can be by UV stable and/or painted or handle on sun exposed surface or keep not processed with selectable coating.Absorber elements also can have the thin surface selectivity film of the sun exposed of being connected to.Described glass (glazing) also can be stable and manufactured stopping the UV radiation by UV, and can be handled by non-reflection or selective coating.
In a preferred embodiment, top glass lid and absorber assemblies be by sliding or pinch engagement is connected, and described joint comprises undercut channels and the rib of cooperating that has with the shape of cross section of the shape of cross section complementation of this passage.In this layout, each absorber elements comprises half of engagement device, i.e. in projection or the passage, and the adjacent surface of top glass lid is provided with each co-acting part, and it forms engagement device second half.Preferably, each absorber elements will comprise undercut channels, and the adjacent surface of top glass lid is provided with each cooperation rib.
Preferred embodiment also can comprise bottom, described bottom is by sliding or pinch engagement is connected to absorber assemblies, and described engagement device comprises undercut channels similarly and has the rib of cooperating with the shape of cross section of the shape of cross section complementation of this passage.In this layout, each absorber elements also comprises half of engagement device, i.e. a 's in projection or the passage, and bottom adjacent surface is provided with each co-acting part, and it forms engagement device second half.Preferably, each absorber elements will comprise undercut channels, and the adjacent surface of bottom is provided with each cooperation rib.
The absorber elements of solar collector can have the solar noon sun receiver hole in the Summer Solstice (referring to the definition of Fig. 1-3) between greater than 50% and 0%, and has about 100% solar noon sun receiver hole in Winter Solstice simultaneously.Preferably, absolute solar noon sun receiver hole in Winter Solstice is the twice of solar noon sun receiver hole in the Summer Solstice at least.
Reflecting element also can reduce the thermal losses from absorber element fluid channel, and described fluid passage can roughly extension below reflector space.For this reason, reflector can be made by the material with low-down emissivity.
The possible angle of step reflecting element determined by the latitude of the gradient on roof and installation site, and for any specific gradient and latitude, described angle can be in the scope of the value between the value that is provided by following equation 1 and equation 2:
Wherein, r is the angle of reflecting element, and w is the angle at the sun in Winter Solstice at high noon of the sun of specific installed position, and p is the gradient (referring to the definition of all angles of Fig. 1) on roof.
Equation 1 provides the lower limit of the reflection angle of system, described system only is the gatherer in winter basically, and may need to be installed on the roof, described roof offset slightly is in orientation at the high noon of the sun (being that it need maximize catching of lower winter solar angle).Such application does not need quite a large amount of summertime collection.
Equation 2 provides the upper limit of reflector angles, and wherein, maximum heat collection appears at spring and autumn round the clock near the Along ent.Yet described embodiment also has and repels in significant summer, therefore to summer stagnation temperature protect.Corresponding to the mounting condition that the heat of a great deal of still was required in summer, for example only be used for the hot-water heating system of family near the reflector angles of upper range.
The installation of solar noon sun of preferred reflector angles face to(for) gatherer is the outward flange of solar noon sun irradiation in Winter Solstice reflector and the angle that is reflected onto the top of absorber face.The equation of obtaining the r of this value is:
r＝(w＝p)/2(3)
The embodiment of solar collector can utilize on the sun exposed surface of absorber elements the surface selectivity coating and in the absorber structure insulator underlying, keep the summer stagnation temperature to be lower than the destruction level simultaneously, make that using cheap not function plastics is acceptables.
Solar collector cover high noon towards sizable part on roof the time, it also can help to reduce the temperature of roof cavities, and the insulator of the therefore reflection by appropriate format is provided on the roof and non-reflection reduces the indoor temperature in summer.
Preferred solar collector can be collected more energy in the winter time or collect constant relatively heat energy and supply with in the four seasons, and therefore it can prevent that the water of storage bin is overheated, and therefore avoids in summer the heat needs of prevent mean initiatively.But such solar collector also whole day provides more smooth heat collection curve, eliminates sharp-pointed collection peak, especially in summer months.
Though some plastics may be more unsubstantial materials, plastic collector still can provide the gatherer than long wearing.For example, such gatherer can not comprised that internal corrosion or quilt are freezed and impaired problem from the sediment obstruction of the hard water that uses or as the water owing in the inflexibility metallic conduit that takes place in metal collectors.Because the top glass lid may need periodic replacing, so solar collector can have in order to change the device of this vinyl cover easily, described vinyl cover covers whole gatherer basically and stops the UV radiation of a great deal of.
Solar collector can be enough light, therefore so that the gatherer of tubule (slim-line) roof supported can utilize typical roof as existing smooth supporting construction, and eliminate for any inside widely or external collector supports or the needs of hardening structure.Such gatherer can use minimal amount of material when building, thereby causes lower cost of manufacture.
Description of drawings
The general is described the embodiment of solar collector by way of example with reference to the accompanying drawings now, wherein:
Fig. 1 shows the solar collector that is assembled to roof structure;
The viewgraph of cross-section at the top of the absorber/reflector structure of the schematically illustrated simple step shape of Fig. 2;
Fig. 3 is shown schematically in and demonstrates the very viewgraph of cross-section of the structure of the solar collector of small curve on the reflector element;
Fig. 4 is schematically illustrated to be suitable for solar collector in the situation of the less heating in winter of needs;
Another solar collector that Fig. 5 is schematically illustrated to be suitable in the situation of the less heating in winter of needs is arranged;
The solar collector that may arrange of the schematically illustrated demonstration absorber fluid channels of Fig. 6 in absorber elements;
The solar collector that may arrange of a plurality of absorber fluid channels of the schematically illustrated demonstration of Fig. 7 in each absorber elements;
The schematically illustrated demonstration of Fig. 8 is a kind of to be used to connect the solar collector of the method for top glass lid and bottom portion case lid;
Schematically illustrated Fig. 8 of being similar to of Fig. 9 but have is used for the solar collector of the different module of top glass lid;
Schematically illustrated Fig. 8 of being similar to of Figure 10 but be equipped with the solar collector of another top glass lid;
Figure 11 is shown schematically in the solar collector that has the triangle fluid passage in each absorber elements;
Figure 12 is shown schematically in the solar collector that has rectangular flow passages in each absorber elements;
Figure 13 is shown schematically in the solar collector that has rectangular flow passages in each absorber elements, and the array of absorber elements makes up by the absorber elements that directly is connected to each other;
Figure 14 is schematically illustrated to have cylindrical sun exposed and is used for each absorber elements and partly is arranged on the solar collector of the fluid passage below each reflecting element;
Figure 15 schematically shows the solar collector with a plurality of fluid passages of extending perpendicular to the sun exposed areas of absorber elements; With
Schematically illustrated each fluid passage of Figure 16 is the solar collector of a plurality of absorber elements and reflector service.
The specific embodiment
Detailed description to the embodiment of solar collector panel
With reference to figure 1, shown the solar collector 11 that is assembled to roof structure 19.Such installation can be used as renovation or can finish when building, and the roof can specifically be transformed to allow pipeline to install simply and be provided with in said circumstances.Embodiment shows the solar collector 11 with typical shell mechanism, and described shell mechanism comprises sidewall 13, top cover 14 and bottom or wall 26 (with reference to figure 6-14 and 16), and the internal placement of absorber elements 10 and reflector 12 is configured to step-like structure.Import 15 is connected and is provided for absorber fluid channels 22 (with reference to figure 6-15) with outlet 17 end pipe-line systems.The pipe-line system (not shown) that is connected to import 15 and outlet 17 will be by 19 guiding and be connected to the heat stocking system or directly be used to provide spendable heat from the roof.
Preferred solar collector 11 is to absorb solar energy and it is changed into the panel of the thin section (profile height) of heat.Passive or non-mechanical method is used to be limited in the peak value stagnation temperature in the gatherer in the summer months, makes to adopt material cheaply, and the peak value stagnation temperature is not limited so that it will be damaged potentially else if.
Proposition is installed in preferred solar collector on the smooth supporting construction (for example roof), and it has 60 ° but the gradient between 10 ° and 50 ° preferably of reaching from level measurement.Solar collector 11 preferably is mounted with towards the direction of solar noon sun (promptly in the Southern Hemisphere to positive north or on the Northern Hemisphere to the due south), but can install with the low-angle of a side of the direction of the sun at noon, and loses efficient indistinctively.
Referring to figs. 2 to 5, panel comprises the fixing parallel array of the elongated plastic absorber elements 10 with sun exposed areas 21, and each absorber elements is extended on the horizontal length of gatherer.In use, described element preferably will extend upward along east-west roughly.The fixing parallel array of the reflecting element 12 of the elongated rectangular of general planar is also opened with parallel arrangement interval with the length that the horizontal length (roughly in east-west upwards) along gatherer extends.The length of reflecting element and absorber elements arranges that in the mode that absorber/reflector replaces reflecting element is forming roughly step-like outward appearance when the gradient direction on roof is watched.
The viewgraph of cross-section that has shown the structure of various embodiment by the mode of the example among Fig. 6-16.Whole absorber structure 28 can be manufactured into the single extrusion that comprises each absorber elements 10, and each absorber elements 10 is by being connected at the connector of reflector with the position that is set up.Alternately, this can be implemented, for example by (concertina, concertina) single of cutting and folding many wall materials forms the top surface of the step of absorber structure as shown in Figure 15.Reflecting material can be applied to connector subsequently.Alternately, the absorber elements 10 of separation and reflector 12 can be assembled be connected to form parallel array.
At least one transparent resin glass (plastic glazing) top cover 14 is positioned at the top of absorber structure 28 to keep heat and protection absorber structure.
The long edge of paired adjacent reflector forms elongated planar rectangular hole, by described hole or in described hole the absorption region of absorber elements 10 or absorbing surface 21 is exposed to directly and the sun of reflection tans by the sun.Described area exposed or face 21 preferably smooth and therefore preferably consistent, can be slightly outstanding forward or slightly backward from smooth rectangular opening from smooth rectangular opening with the rectangular opening on plane.Shown in Fig. 2-5, smooth rectangular opening and area exposed or face approximate vertical or at angle at least with respect to the horizontal plane, make the solar noon sun in the Summer Solstice of direct projection shine described zone or face (or penetrating rectangular opening) with big incident angle, Winter Solstice of direct projection simultaneously or the Spring Equinox/Autumnal Equinox (equinox) solar noon sun shine described zone or face with less incident angle.Corresponding reflector 12 is positioned at each sun exposed or face 21 when watching (along the roof or the gradient of supporting construction) front, its towards or away from the sun exposed rotation of correspondence and with respect to the horizontal plane may be positive or negative very little angle r be fixed (referring to Fig. 2).Each reflecting element plays the effect of winter solar being tanned by the sun the sun exposed 21 that reflexes to corresponding adjacent absorber elements 10.
The angle r of reflecting element depends on the latitude of roof inclination p (referring again to Fig. 2) and installation site, and to specific roof inclination and latitude, this angle can be in the scope of the value between the value that is provided by equation 1 and equation 2 (above-mentioned).In order to concentrate the purpose of radiation in winter, the value of r and p can selectedly reflex to corresponding sun exposed so that reflecting element will be radiated at the major part of the winter solar radiation on the reflector, and in order to limit the purpose of summer stagnation temperature, all or part of of solar radiation in summer repelled back in the atmosphere.
Though solar collector can be suitable for multiple heat absorption technology, but each absorber elements has at least one internal flow delivery passage 22 in a preferred embodiment, heat is transferred to internal flow delivery passage 22 and sends being stored, and wherein these passages extend and also can extend alternatively (for example referring to Figure 11 and 15) below reflector space below sun exposed absorption region 10.These passages can extend along the length (parallel with absorber elements with reflecting element) as Fig. 6-14 and the panel shown in 16, or alternately extend perpendicular to reflecting element (gradient along the roof makes progress, referring to Figure 15) or with any such angle.
The embodiment of the proposition of solar collector may play counterintuitive at first glance, because the efficient of gatherer was limited wittingly in the solar energy collecting season of the best (that is, summer), and almost before all schemes are for striving increasing efficient each season.In addition, almost need the panel area of twice to collect the identical energy of collecting with the smooth solar panel of standard of collecting of energy under the situation of gatherer of the present invention in a year and a day in a year and a day, therefore, this also may look counterintuitive.For solar collector of the present invention, must recognize, at first for typical situation, winter is to the demand of the hot water demand much larger than summer, if therefore we have enough big installation panel for giving enough hot water in winter (for family's heating and hot water service), therefore we will have abundant hot water in summer so, and we can sacrifice the efficient in summer easily and keep off hot water demand or be reduced under the hot water demand in maximum summer in maximum summer.Secondly, must recognize roof area that the installation panel of typical hot water solar flat occupies at present much smaller than utilizable roof area, therefore typical roof area can be held bigger panel.The 3rd, most prior art equipment concentrates on the heat that maximizes every square metre of collection, yet the energy that must recognize certainly every square metre the sun is unrestricted, and normally existed for the available roof area of typical house/building (or supporting construction) and can hold gatherer than current normally used bigger size.Therefore, not bigger panel or the more relevant significant extra-pay of panel with support, therefore the design of solar collector of the present invention concentrates on the cost of the per unit heat of collecting, and remedies the deficiency of heat collection in the whole year by the area that increases gatherer.By adopting more cheap solar collector method of construction, described method makes the cost that reduces the per unit heat significantly become possibility.
Such preferred collector arrangements can be made the solar panel of the solar noon sun receiver hole in the Summer Solstice (with reference to figure 1-3) that has greatly between greater than 50% and 0% (directly with reflect) potentially, and have about 100% solar noon sun receiver hole in Winter Solstice (directly and reflection) simultaneously, wherein, absolute solar noon sun receiver hole in Winter Solstice is the twice of solar noon sun receiver hole in the Summer Solstice at least.
Therefore, make to have and avoid the such passive solar panel of two advantages of tanning by the sun to become possibility in overheated and concentrated winter in summer.Though the panel that proposes concentrates tan by the sun winter significantly, therefore may run into stagnation temperature problem in winter, but must recognize for tellurian most of places, winter temperature is much smaller than summer temp, therefore the solar radiation in winter is lower on high, passes more atmosphere, therefore concentrated low than the sun in summer, and secondly for the typical installation (for about 25-35 ° roof inclination) of imagination, the sun in winter shines whole gatherer with the incident angle bigger than other season.Therefore, this gatherer allows to use the glass (or double glazing) with effective surface selectivity coating and the insulation of extraordinary lower floor first and is combined in the cheap not function plastics of use in most of structures, and need not pay close attention to the stagnation temperature in summer.This have be provided at than traditional smooth lower cost of type board collecting storage winter very efficient and summer solar panel that purpose makes that efficient is lower arranged may.
By using above-described principle, being structured in can collect multipotency more winter or can collect the solar collector that constant relatively heat energy supplies with in four seasons becomes possibility.Therefore as additional advantage, gatherer can avoid the water of storage tank overheated and avoid for the need for equipment of initiatively preventing heat in summer, thereby has reduced total system cost potentially.
Provide the more smooth heat collection curve of whole day also to become possibility, eliminated sharp-pointed collection peak, especially often become in the summer months of problem at this.
Panel also can be fabricated the purpose with the insulator of reflection that is used for providing a kind of appropriate format on the roof and non-reflection, and therefore help to reduce the temperature of roof cavities, and therefore reduce the indoor temperature in summer, wherein the solar collector coverage rate is to sizable part on the roof of solar noon sun.
By using plastic components, make up more cheaply and more the collector panel of long wearing become possibility, described collector panel can be by sediment corrosion or inner obstruction the from the hard water that uses, or as the metal collectors generation owing to the water of non-deflecting metallic conduit inside freeze be damaged.Purpose may need periodically to change the top glass lid hereto.For this reason, propose to be used for changing easily the device or the measure of this vinyl cover in a preferred embodiment, vinyl cover covers whole gatherer basically and can stop the UV radiation of a great deal of.
By making up the panel of tubule (slim-line) roof supported, the typical roof of gatherer utilization also becomes possibility as already present smooth supporting construction, and therefore eliminate demand for any inside widely or external collector support or hardening structure, and therefore a kind of gatherer is provided, and it uses minimal amount of material and the cost of gatherer and installation thereof is greatly reduced in structure.
With reference to figure 2, demonstrate the cross sectional representation of typical example at top of the terraced structure of absorber 10 and reflector 12.Example among Fig. 2 demonstrates sun exposed absorption region or face 21 and their typical step-like relations each other of reflecting element 12 and absorber elements 10.Fig. 1 by with 37.5 ° latitude as an example (with Winter Solstice the solar noon sun elevation angle be assumed to 29 °) also demonstrate for the whole receiver hole 16S of the solar noon sun latitude 42 in the Summer Solstice and repel hole 18S.Solar noon sun latitude 41 in the Autumnal Equinox among Fig. 1 is shown whole receiver hole 16A to be provided and to repel hole 18A, and solar noon sun latitude 40 was shown whole receiver hole 16W to be provided and to repel the hole and disappeared Winter Solstice simultaneously.Given configuration happens shows tan by the sun the high noon of the sun in refusal Summer Solstice about 75%, and having various other angles of using by changing as the absorption region 21 of r as shown in following and sun exposed of refusing percentage summer certainly also becomes possibility easily.The angle r of reflecting element (its for the application of present embodiment by chance near horizontal plane) is measured widdershins from horizontal plane.The elevation angle w of solar radiation in Winter Solstice at high noon 40 is also measured widdershins from horizontal plane, and the roof of gatherer has been installed on it or the gradient p of supporting construction is deasil measured from horizontal plane.In the accompanying drawings, the planar rectangular hole that is formed by the edge of two relative reflecting elements is shown as consistent with the exposed surface area 21 of the sun of absorber elements 10.
Fig. 3 is presented at the cross-sectional structure of gatherer of another embodiment of the very little curvature of demonstration on the reflecting element.Such embodiment is that to need high-caliber heat to need in the situation of obviously less heat in summer simultaneously be useful in the winter time.
Fig. 4 shows another embodiment of the solar collector in the situation of needs heating in less winter, and the major part of similarly less roof panels is used to provide hot water in summer months.The accompanying drawing demonstration is about 50% to the rate of rejection of tanning by the sun high noon in the Summer Solstice.The sun exposed 10 that is used for such application is shown more, and the sun towards spring-Autumnal Equinox tilts.In Fig. 4, the planar rectangular hole that is formed by the edge of two adjacent reflecting elements 12 is shown consistent with the surf zone of the sun exposed of absorber elements 10.
Fig. 5 shows the solar collector of another embodiment of needs heating in less winter, and the major part of similarly less roof panels is used so that hot water to be provided in summer months, but shows big slightly reflector angles r.Accompanying drawing show to the Summer Solstice sun the rate of rejection of tanning by the sun at high noon be about 60%.In the drawings, the planar rectangular hole that is formed by the edge of two relative reflectors is shown consistent with the sun exposed of absorber elements 10.
Fig. 6 shows the solar collector of another embodiment of the absorber fluid passage 22 with near cylindrical, wherein, that absorber structure 28 (comprising a plurality of absorber elements 10 and reflector 12) is formed into is single (for example extruding) working of plastics, wherein reflecting element 12 is supported effectively by the smooth join domain 48 between absorber elements 10.Accompanying drawing also shows optional second glass cover 20 that radiation receives absorber surface zone 21 that is used for that is connected to top glass cover 14.Accompanying drawing also demonstrates optional insulator 24 and bottom 26.In the accompanying drawings, the planar rectangular aperture that is formed by the edge of two relative reflecting elements is shown as not consistent with the sun exposed 21 of separately absorber elements 10, described absorber elements 10 by general curved and forward, and therefore take a fancy to from rectangular opening outstanding.
If liquid mediums is made of air, air preferably can pass passage 22 and the passage 43 in sun exposed surface absorber areas 21 fronts that the roughly Dong that is arranged in parallel-Xi extends and extends so.Originally the air first passage 43 that can be passed in absorber face/reflector structure front enters gatherer, pass absorber sun exposed face 21 (it is a porous for air in this example) afterwards, be passed in second group of passage 22 below the heat absorbing surface along the direction identical then, and on the opposite flank of gatherer, go out with the air that enters.Replacedly, air can enter in the bottom of gatherer, but, move through absorber sun exposed face 21 (it is a porous to air) equally and from gatherer, go out from the bottom absorber/reflector structure on the top of gatherer in the front portion of the structure of absorber/reflector.
Fig. 7 shows the solar collector of another embodiment with a plurality of absorber fluid channels 22, wherein, whole absorber structure 28 is made into to comprise single (for example pushing) part of absorber elements 10, and it is smooth that radiation receives absorber areas 21 and reflecting element 12 is supported effectively by the smooth zones 48 between adjacent absorber elements 10.Accompanying drawing also shows optional insulator 24 and bottom 26.In the accompanying drawings, the planar rectangular hole that is formed by the edge of two relative reflecting elements is shown as consistent with the sun exposed 21 of absorber elements 10.
The example of the solar collector panel that shows in Fig. 8,9 and 10 shows and is used to be connected top glass lid 32 and bottom 28 device to step reflector/absorber structure 28 that described top glass lid 32 comprises the variation of different shape.Accompanying drawing shows the connected system that is included in the clip in the passage or is bonded on the slide rail in the passage in the present embodiment.The undercut channels 44 of the opening on the top edge of absorber elements 10 receives the projecting rib 45 that extends from the basal surface of top cover 32, and from a side of absorber structure 28 slide or pinch engagement to connect top cover 32 to absorber structure 28.Embodiment also shows three kinds of distortion of the top cover of different variation (modulation) patterns that have in the top glass lid 32 of Fig. 8 in 9 and the smooth top cover among Figure 10.Because the described variation of thermal expansion of the collector element in the operation prevents raising up of top glass lid.In the situation of bottom 26, the similar arrangements of passage 46 and rib 47 allows bottom to be slided or is clamped on the absorber structure 28.The putting upside down also of male/female feature of connected system is fine, and in this case, absorber structure 28 will be carried positive projecting rib, and glass cover and bottom will carry negative opening undercut channels.
Figure 11 shows that each absorber elements 10 has another embodiment of the solar collector 11 of single triangle fluid passage 22, and the fluid passage be arranged on basically reflecting element below, whole absorber structure 28 comprising absorber elements 10 is made into single, it is smooth that radiation receives absorber areas 21, and the flat site 48 that reflecting element 12 is bridged absorber elements 10 supports effectively.Described accompanying drawing also shows optional second glass cover 20 that radiation receives absorber surface zone 21 that is used for that is connected to top glass lid 14.The planar rectangular hole that is formed by the edge of two relative reflecting elements 12 is shown consistent with the sun exposed 21 of absorber elements 10.
Figure 12 shows that each absorber elements 10 has another embodiment of the solar collector of single rectangular flow passages 22, wherein absorber is done as a wholely to be fabricated by connecting absorber elements 10, it is L shaped that radiation receives absorber areas 21, reflecting element 12 is the sheet metal (or other material) of polishing effectively, and it also is used as the purpose that connects absorber elements 10.In the accompanying drawings, inconsistent with the sun exposed of absorber elements 10 in this case by the planar rectangular hole that the edge of two relative reflecting elements 12 forms, the surf zone of described sun exposed becomes roughly L shaped and therefore basically in the front of rectangular opening.Absorber elements 10 is provided with vertical notch 49 in back top and preceding bottom margin place, and reflector 12 is placed and enters into groove 49 absorber elements is joined together to form step-like array.
Figure 13 shows that each absorber elements 10 has another embodiment of the solar collector of single rectangular flow passages 22, and wherein the array of absorber elements is done as a wholely to be fabricated by the absorber elements that directly is connected to each other.In this case, each absorber elements is formed with the reflector of one, and described as shown array is inserted into by the rear end with each reflector 12 in the groove 49 in the lower front edge of the next absorber elements in array 28 and is assembled.In this example, it is smooth that radiation receives absorber areas 21, and reflecting element 12 is absorbed device element 10 and supports effectively.The planar rectangular hole that is formed by the edge of two relative reflecting elements 12 is shown consistent with the sun exposed of absorber elements 10 in this case.
Figure 14 shows that each absorber elements has another embodiment of the solar collector of single spherical fluid passage 22, and the fluid passage partly is arranged on below the reflecting element, wherein absorber structure 28 is formed into single, and absorber elements 10 is cylindrical and has semi-cylindrical radiation receiving surface 21.Top glass lid 14 is made and be connected to the reflecting element 12 that shows by polycarbonate mirror 12.Basically second glass 20 that covers the sun exposed 21 of absorber elements 10 also is connected to top glass lid 14.The sun exposed 21 of planar rectangular hole that is formed by the edge of two relative reflecting elements 12 and absorber elements 10 is inconsistent in this case, and sun exposed surface is general bent shaped and is set to from rectangular opening slightly backward.
Figure 15 has shown that the length that has perpendicular to the exposed surface 21 and the reflecting element 12 of absorber elements 10 (uses another embodiment of the solar collector of a plurality of fluid passages 22 that the axle of Middle East-Xi) extends, wherein, absorber elements 10 and reflector element 12 form ledge structure 28.The planar rectangular hole that is formed by the edge of two relative reflecting elements in Figure 15 is shown as consistent with the sun exposed 21 of absorber elements 10.
Figure 16 shows that each fluid passage 22 has another embodiment of many solar collectors to (miniaturization) sun exposed absorber face 21 and reflector element 12.Extend abreast with absorber elements 10 and reflector element 12 fluid passage 22.
It will be understood to those of skill in the art that under the situation that does not deviate from as the essence of the present invention broadly described or scope, can carry out many distortion, combination and/or modification shown in a particular embodiment the present invention.Therefore, the embodiment of the invention is considered to be exemplary and not restrictive in all respects.
Claims (53)
1. a low profile solar collector is used to collect solar energy as heat, limits the possible peak value stagnation temperature in the gatherer in the summer months simultaneously, comprising:
(a) a plurality of reflectors have first and second edges respectively, and reflecting element is arranged to the parallel array of constant offset, in use to form towards the stair of last reflecting surface;
(b) absorber elements, has the exposed surface between every pair of reflecting element, described exposed surface is roughly between one first edge in described adjacent a pair of reflecting element and another second edge in the described a pair of reflecting element, and described exposed surface be configured to described reflecting element each at angle, thereby form the fixing parallel array of the exposed surface of described absorber elements; With
(c) transparent top cover extends above reflecting element and absorber elements,
Make in use described reflecting element directed on first general horizontal direction, and the sunlight of incident passes top cover and directly drops on the exposed surface of each absorber elements, and/or drop on absorber elements in the contiguous reflector of the exposed surface of an absorber elements on and can reflex on each exposed surface from described reflector.
2. solar collector according to claim 1, wherein, described solar collector is arranged to be installed on the smooth supporting construction.
3. solar collector according to claim 1 and 2, wherein, in the time of on being mounted to the use location, plastic absorber elements extends upward in east-west roughly.
4. according to claim 1,2 or 3 described solar collectors, wherein, the part of gatherer is made of plastics.
5. according to each described solar collector in the claim 1 to 4, wherein, all parts of described gatherer are made of plastics.
6. according to each described solar collector in the claim 1 to 4, wherein, described transparent cap is made of plastics.
7. according to each described solar collector in the claim 1 to 6, wherein, the part of described gatherer is made by material cheaply.
8. according to each described solar collector in the claim 1 to 7, wherein, the part of described gatherer is made by temperature sensitive material.
9. according to each described solar collector in the claim 1 to 8, wherein, the transmission of described transparent cap block ultraviolet.
10. according to each described solar collector in the claim 1 to 9, wherein, described transparent cap is made by polymeric material.
11. according to each described solar collector in the claim 1 to 10, wherein, described absorber elements is made by polymeric material.
12. according to each described solar collector in the claim 1 to 4, wherein, described transparent cap is formed by glass.
13. according to each described solar collector in the claim 1 to 12, wherein, described collector panel comprises the separated a plurality of top covers in the air gap by sealing.
14. according to each described solar collector in the claim 1 to 13, wherein, described absorber elements have below the exposed surface of described absorber elements and with at least one fluid passage of described exposed surface thermal communication.
15. according to each described solar collector in the claim 1 to 14, wherein, described absorber elements has the fluid passage that has at least below described reflector space.
16. according to claim 14 or 15 described solar collectors, wherein, extend abreast along the length of panel and described reflecting element and absorber elements described fluid passage.
17. according to each described solar collector in the claim 14 to 16, wherein, extend perpendicular to described reflector described fluid passage.
18. according to each described solar collector in the claim 1 to 17, wherein, each of described absorber elements have below described exposed surface extend and with at least one internal flow delivery passage of the exposed surface thermal communication of described absorber elements.
19. according to each described solar collector among the claim 1-17, wherein, internal flow delivery passage extends below the exposed surface of described absorber elements.
20. according to claim 18 or 19 described solar collectors, wherein, described fluid delivery passage extends below described reflector space.
21. according to each described solar collector in the claim 18 to 20, wherein, extend perpendicular to described reflecting element described fluid passage.
22. according to each described solar collector in the claim 1 to 21, wherein, described gatherer is installed on the roof with 60 ° or littler gradient.
23. according to each described solar collector in the claim 1 to 22, wherein, insulator be installed in described absorber structure below.
24. according to each described solar collector in the claim 1 to 23, wherein, described top cover forms the part of shell, described shell surrounds the array of reflector and absorber elements.
25. according to each described solar collector in the claim 1 to 24, wherein, the absorber surface of described exposure is by blacking and have very high solar absorptance.
26. according to each described solar collector in the claim 1 to 25, wherein, the sun exposed of described absorber elements is inclined to: when described solar collector is installed on the use location, make the incidence angle that solar radiation became of normal and solar noon sun of described sun exposed when the Summer Solstice during greater than Winter Solstice or the Spring Equinox/Autumnal Equinox.
27. according to each described solar collector in the claim 1 to 26, wherein, the sun exposed of described absorber elements is uneven, and when described solar collector was installed in the use location, the average normal of described sun exposed surface and the incidence angle that solar radiation became of solar noon sun were when the Summer Solstice during greater than Winter Solstice or the Spring Equinox/Autumnal Equinox.
28. according to each described solar collector in the claim 1 to 27, wherein, when described solar collector was installed in the use location, described reflecting element was for good and all fixed with very little angle r above or below horizontal plane.
29. according to each described solar collector in the claim 1 to 27, wherein, described reflecting element is uneven, and when described solar collector is installed on the use location, for good and all fixing with an angle, the very little angle r of the mean value of described angle above or below horizontal plane.
30. according to each described solar collector in the claim 1 to 29, wherein, the angle r of each reflecting element above or below horizontal plane depends on the roof inclination p on solar collector roof mounted thereto and the latitude of installed position, angle r for specific roof inclination and latitude has the value of selecting in a scope, described scope has the limit that is limited by equation 1 and equation 2 (in following description).
31. according to each described solar collector in the claim 1 to 30, wherein, described absorber elements is made of plastics and by UV stable.
32. solar collector according to claim 31, wherein, described plastic absorber elements is colored.
33. solar collector according to claim 31, wherein, described plastic absorber elements is handled with selectable coating on the surf zone of described exposure.
34. according to each described solar collector in the claim 1 to 33, wherein, described reflecting element is made by the material of selecting from the sheet metal of polishing or polycarbonate mirror, vacuum chromium coating or by adding Mylar reflection, that aluminium is handled
Thin slice is made, described Mylar
Thin slice is applied on the zone between the exposed surface of described absorber elements.
35. according to each described solar collector in the claim 1 to 34, wherein, when being installed in the use location, the absorber elements of described solar collector has the solar noon sun receiver hole and 100% solar noon sun receiver hole in Winter Solstice in the Summer Solstice between 50% and 0%.
36. according to the described solar collector of claim 37, wherein, described absolute solar noon sun receiver hole in Winter Solstice is the twice of solar noon sun receiver hole in described Summer Solstice at least.
37. according to each described solar collector in the claim 1 to 36, wherein, described reflector is made by the material with low-down emissivity, thereby described reflecting element reduces the thermal losses of the absorber fluid channels of roughly extending below described reflector space.
38. according to each described solar collector in the claim 14 to 21, wherein, described gatherer comprise with heat-transfer fluid be supplied in the fluid passage of described solar collector import and from the outlet of the passage delivery heat-transfer fluid of described collector panel.
39. according to each described solar collector in the claim 1 to 38, wherein, described plastic absorber structure is manufactured into single of the absorber elements that comprises connection.
40. according to each described solar collector in the claim 1 to 38, wherein, described plastic absorber structure is manufactured into absorber elements separately, and forms parallel array afterwards.
41. according to each described solar collector in the claim 1 to 40, wherein, the hole is limited between every pair of adjacent reflecting element, and described hole is by one first edge in the described a pair of reflecting element and another second edge limited in the described a pair of reflecting element.
42. according to the described solar collector of claim 41, wherein, the described hole that forms between one first edge in described a pair of reflecting element and another second edge in the described a pair of reflecting element is elongated planar rectangular hole, is exposed to directly and the sun of reflection tans by the sun by described hole absorber areas or face.
43. according to each described solar collector in the claim 42, wherein, the rectangular opening on described plane and described area exposed or face are by downward-sloping towards horizontal plane with an angle, make the solar noon sun in the Summer Solstice of direct projection shine described zone or face (or passing described rectangular opening), and the solar noon sun in the Winter Solstice of described direct projection or the Spring Equinox/Autumnal Equinox (equinox) is shone described zone or face with less incidence angle with bigger incidence angle.
44. according to each described solar collector in the claim 1 to 43, wherein, described reflecting element is elongate rectangular shape and extends along the length of the horizontal size of described gatherer.
45. according to the described solar collector of claim 44, wherein, described reflecting element in use along east-west roughly to extension, wherein, reflecting element and absorber elements are arranged to replace in described assembly, described reflecting element forms when the roughly step-like outward appearance when the direction of the gradient on described roof is watched, and described reflecting element forms the riser of pedal and described absorber elements formation step.
46. according to each described solar collector in the claim 1 to 45, wherein, described step reflecting element be arranged to horizontal plane at angle, described angle is determined by the latitude of roof inclination and installation site, for any specific gradient and latitude, select the scope of the value of described angle between the value that provides by following equation 1 and 2:
Wherein, r is the angle of described reflecting element, w be specific installed position the sun Winter Solstice at high noon the sun angle, and P is the gradient on roof.
47. according to the described solar collector of claim 46, wherein, r=(w-p)/2.
48. according to each described solar collector in the claim 1 to 47, wherein, described top glass lid and described absorber assemblies are connected by slip or pinch engagement, and described joint comprises undercut channels and has shape of cross section with the shape of cross section complementation of this passage to be bonded on the rib of cooperating in the described passage.
49. according to the described solar collector of claim 48, wherein, each absorber elements comprises in described projection or the passage, and the adjacent surface of described top glass lid is provided with each joint co-acting part.
50. according to the described solar collector of claim 49, wherein, each absorber elements comprises undercut channels, and the adjacent surface of described top glass lid is provided with described each cooperation rib.
51. according to each described solar collector in the claim 1 to 50, wherein, described bottom and described absorber assemblies are connected by slip or pinch engagement, and described joint comprises undercut channels and has shape of cross section with the shape of cross section complementation of described passage to be bonded on the rib of cooperating in the described passage.
52. according to the described solar collector of claim 51, wherein, each absorber elements comprises in described projection or the passage, and the adjacent surface of described bottom is provided with each joint co-acting part.
53. according to the described solar collector of claim 52, wherein, each absorber elements comprises undercut channels, and the adjacent surface of described bottom is provided with each cooperation rib.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| AU2007900662 | 2007-02-12 | ||
| AU2007900662A AU2007900662A0 (en) | 2007-02-12 | Low Cost Plastic Solar Collector | |
| AU2007901492 | 2007-03-21 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN101606029A true CN101606029A (en) | 2009-12-16 |
Family
ID=41470964
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNA2008800045895A Pending CN101606029A (en) | 2007-02-12 | 2008-02-06 | Solar collector |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN101606029A (en) |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101852497A (en) * | 2010-02-26 | 2010-10-06 | 广东联塑科技实业有限公司 | Polymer-based solar collector |
| CN102834676A (en) * | 2010-08-03 | 2012-12-19 | 太阳能公司 | Opposing row linear concentrator architecture |
| CN105492707A (en) * | 2013-06-19 | 2016-04-13 | 阳光强化公司 | Roofing |
-
2008
- 2008-02-06 CN CNA2008800045895A patent/CN101606029A/en active Pending
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101852497A (en) * | 2010-02-26 | 2010-10-06 | 广东联塑科技实业有限公司 | Polymer-based solar collector |
| CN102834676A (en) * | 2010-08-03 | 2012-12-19 | 太阳能公司 | Opposing row linear concentrator architecture |
| CN102834676B (en) * | 2010-08-03 | 2015-07-08 | 太阳能公司 | Opposing row linear concentrator architecture |
| CN105492707A (en) * | 2013-06-19 | 2016-04-13 | 阳光强化公司 | Roofing |
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