CN101604381A - License plate character recognition method based on multi-category support vector machines - Google Patents
License plate character recognition method based on multi-category support vector machines Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
License plate character recognition method based on multi-category support vector machines belongs to technical field of image processing, relates to license plate character recognition method.The present invention includes the training process of multi-category support vector machines and use multi-category support vector machines to carry out the process of car plate identification.The present invention treats the character of each position of car plate with a certain discrimination, characters on license plate binary image proper vector is divided into four set, construct four multi-category support vector machines respectively to calculate the support vector collection of four set, and in the car plate identifying, adopt the character of different support vector set pair car plates to be identified to discern one by one, significantly reduced calculated amount.Compare the scheme with other same domains, the present invention has the up-to-date automotive number plate standard GA 36-2007 of the compatible Ministry of Public Security, recognition accuracy is higher, and image quality is required lower characteristics.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to technical field of image processing, relate to mode identification technology, particularly license plate character recognition method.
Background technology
Automotive number plate identification is called for short car plate to be discerned, and plays a part key in the intelligent transportation system the inside, no matter is at toll on the road and bridge, cell management, parking lot management, and still in traffic surveillance and control system, car plate identification all is also the most the most key part.Usually, the car plate recognizer can be divided into three parts: car plate location, Character segmentation and character recognition.On preceding two-part basis, how to carry out accurate character recognition, just become the final major issue that influences system recognition rate.
With respect to present OCR system, Recognition of License Plate Characters has the characteristics of self: small size character set (numeral, letter, dozens of Chinese character), imaging circumstances complexity, interference and geometry deformation are more.And the higher discrimination of Recognition of License Plate Characters requirement, the context character does not have the correlativity on semantic and the probability yet.Simultaneously, specific to the automotive number plate standard (GA36-1992, GA 36-2007) of China's current, this technology also must solve concrete problem, that is: Chinese car plate contains Chinese character, the common complex structure of Chinese character, and image quality is not as good as simple numerical, alphabetic character.
Current Recognition of License Plate Characters mainly contains several method:
1. the method for template matches is utilized features such as character outline, backbone, network or projection, with standard characters on license plate comparison classification.Because characters on license plate has the character set of standard, this method has certain meaning.But, because the interference and the distortion that exist in the practical application usually do not have very high discrimination in the practicality.See for details: Wei Wu, Zhang Qisen, Wang Mingjun, etc. a kind of licence plate recognition method based on template matches. Chinese highway journal, 2001,14 (1): 104-106.
2. press the method for character feature classification, find out and can distinguish the feature set that character concentrated in character, as: character pixels ratio, hole number, font structure, stroke feature etc.Because the realization difficulty of characteristics algorithm, and the same because problem of noise, the discrimination of this method is not high, particularly for the Chinese character of font complexity.See for details: Song Jiatao, Liu Jilin. the structure characteristic analysis and the extraction of English and numerical character on the vehicle license. Chinese image graphics journal (A version), 2002,7 (9): 945-949.
3. neural network method is to compare successful method at present.But there are problems such as selection of input data and network structure design.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of license plate character recognition method based on multi-category support vector machines.The present invention is based on multi-category support vector machines, utilize its good classification capacity, directly the character classification to extracting has been obtained good discrimination.Compare the scheme with other same domains, the present invention has the up-to-date automotive number plate standard GA 36-2007 of the compatible Ministry of Public Security, recognition accuracy is higher, and image quality is required lower characteristics.
Be convenient description content of the present invention, at first some terms carried out necessary definition here:
Define 1. automotive number plates.Grant the motor vehicle legal sign of travels down within the territory of the People's Republic of China, its number is the motor vehicle accession designation number.
Define 2. existing automotive number plate standards." People's Republic of China's industry standards of public safety-People's Republic of China's automotive number plate " (GA36-2007) issued on 09 28th, 2007, and 2007-11-01 implements, and replaces GA36-1992.
Define 3. characters on license plate.GA36-2007 regulation be used for numbering character to the motor vehicle registration.Comprise: provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities are called for short and the number plate classification is called for short with Chinese character; Deal out the cards machine-operated code name and sequence number English alphabet; Sequence number is with digital three classes.
Define that 4. provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities are called for short and the number plate classification is called for short with Chinese character.Totally 37 Chinese characters are respectively: it is alert that the sweet blue or green Ning Xin in expensive Yun Zang Shan, river, Soviet Union osmanthus, Lu Yu E Xiang Guangdong, Jiangxi, Fujian, Anhui, Zhejiang fine jade Chongqing, the black Shanghai of Beijing-Tianjin Ji Shanxi Meng Liaoji Hongkong and Macro learn neck.
Definition 5. deal out the cards machine-operated code name and sequence number English alphabets.Totally 26 capitalization English letters, the letter (second character of car plate) of the machine-operated code name that wherein is used to deal out the cards can use all characters of A-Z; The letter that is used for SEQ.XFER (the 3rd to 7 character) can not use alphabetical O, I.
Define the binaryzation of 6. gray level images.In gray level image, often adopt pixel of a byte representation, its gray level is 0～255, its binarization method is represented the image of a pixel with bit for structure, binary-state threshold T is set, is set to 1, be made as 0 smaller or equal to the point of T greater than the pixel of T.
Technical solution of the present invention is as follows:
Based on the license plate character recognition method of support vector machine, as shown in Figure 1, comprise the training process of multi-category support vector machines and use multi-category support vector machines to carry out the process of car plate identification:
One, the training process of many class vectors machine specifically may further comprise the steps:
Step 1: production standard characters on license plate binary image.
At first according to " People's Republic of China's industry standards of public safety: People's Republic of China's automotive number plate " (GA36-2007) the described printed words of appendix B make normalization printed words image, every normalization printed words figure image width is 16 pixels, height is 32 pixels; Then all normalization printed words images are carried out binary conversion treatment, during binary conversion treatment, normalization printed words gradation of image grade is calculated by 255 grades of gray scales, and the gray scale binary-state threshold is got certain particular value between [95,130]; Finally obtain by 37 Chinese characters, 26 English capitalizations and 10 totally 73 standard characters on license plate binary images that numeral is formed.
Step 2: make and gather sample characters on license plate binary image.
At first gather enough car plate photos, all characters that make " People's Republic of China's industry standards of public safety: People's Republic of China's automotive number plate " (GA36-2007) define among the appendix B occur three times at least; The characters on license plate image that the car plate photo of gathering is obtained separating after location, dividing processing then; To the character picture of all separation 1 described normalization and the binary conversion treatment of taking steps, obtain gathering sample characters on license plate binary image again.
Step 3: convert the standard characters on license plate binary image of step 1 gained and the collection sample characters on license plate binary image of step 2 gained to proper vector, concrete conversion method is: the pixel value of each binary image is arranged in order by row, obtains the row vector of one 512 dimension.
Step 4: to the proper vector of all binary images of step 3 gained, the proper vector of all character pictures of same character is belonged to a proper vector subclass, obtain 73 proper vector subclass altogether; Give each proper vector subclass a unique numbering, make 73 characters with the numbering between corresponding one by one; Simultaneously, all proper vectors in each proper vector subclass all adopt the numbering identical with this proper vector subclass.
Step 5: the proper vector that adopts all binary images of step 3 gained, be combined into following four proper vectors set: 1) the set of eigenvectors A that representative province/municipality directly under the Central Government/autonomous region is called for short, set of eigenvectors A comprises Chinese character " the sweet blue or green Ning Xin in expensive Yun Zang Shan, river, Soviet Union osmanthus, Lu Yu E Xiang Guangdong, Jiangxi, Fujian, Anhui, Zhejiang fine jade Chongqing, the black Shanghai of Beijing-Tianjin Ji Shanxi Meng Liaoji Hongkong and Macro make " proper vector of the standard characters on license plate binary image of totally 34 characters and the proper vector of gathering sample characters on license plate binary image, and each proper vector is corresponding with first character in the car plate; 2) the deal out the cards set of eigenvectors B of machine-operated code name of representative, set of eigenvectors B comprises the proper vector of standard characters on license plate binary image of 26 English capitalizations of A～Z and the proper vector of gathering sample characters on license plate binary image, and each proper vector is corresponding with second character in the car plate; 3) the set of eigenvectors C that represents car plate to number, set of eigenvectors C comprises 0～9 numeral and the English capitalization except that " O " and " I " the proper vector of the standard characters on license plate binary image of totally 34 characters and the proper vector of collection sample characters on license plate binary image, and a character in the 3rd to the 6th character in each proper vector and the car plate is corresponding; 4) represent the set of eigenvectors D of car plate end character, proper vector D collection comprises 0～9 numeral, the English capitalization except that " O " and " I " and Chinese character " extension ", " neck ", " port ", " Australia ", " ", " police ", " examination ", " surpassing " and " facing " proper vector of the standard characters on license plate binary image of totally 43 characters and proper vector of gathering sample characters on license plate binary image, and each proper vector is corresponding with car plate end character.
Step 5: the eigenvectors matrix M of four proper vectors set of difference constitution step 4 gained
A, M
B, M
CAnd M
D, construct and eigenvectors matrix M simultaneously
A, M
B, M
CAnd M
DFour corresponding vectorial V of numbering
A, V
B, V
CAnd V
DWherein, the capable vector of each eigenvectors matrix is exactly the concrete proper vector of character pair vector set, and the line number of each eigenvectors matrix is exactly the proper vector number of character pair vector set; The numbering vector is a column vector, and wherein element value of each row is exactly the character pair vector matrix numbering that adopted of the following proper vector of the number of colleague mutually.
Step 6: construct four multi-category support vector machines respectively, with the eigenvectors matrix M of step 5 gained
AWith corresponding numbering vector V
A, eigenvectors matrix M
BWith corresponding numbering vector V
B, eigenvectors matrix M
CWith corresponding numbering vector V
C, eigenvectors matrix M
DWith corresponding numbering vector V
DBe input to respectively in four multi-category support vector machines and train, obtain four support vector collection SV
A, SV
B, SV
C, SV
D
Two, use multi-category support vector machines to carry out the process of car plate identification, specifically may further comprise the steps:
Step 7: gather license plate image to be identified, the characters on license plate image to be identified that after location, dividing processing, obtains separating; To the character picture to be identified of all separation 1 described normalization and the binary conversion treatment of taking steps, obtain characters on license plate binary image to be identified again.
Step 8: convert the characters on license plate binary image to be identified of step 7 gained to proper vector, concrete conversion method is: the pixel value of each binary image is arranged in order by row, obtain the row vector of one 512 dimension, obtain 7 proper vectors altogether, be defined as X successively by character picture to be identified from left to right sequence of positions in car plate to be identified
1, X
2..., X
7
Step 9: adopt support vector collection SV
ATo feature vector, X
1Classify, obtain feature vector, X
1Corresponding numbering promptly obtains this numbering corresponding characters, and with the recognition result of this character as car plate first character to be identified; Adopt support vector collection SV
BTo feature vector, X
1Classify, obtain feature vector, X
2Corresponding numbering promptly obtains this numbering corresponding characters, and with the recognition result of this character as car plate second character to be identified; Adopt support vector collection SV
CTo feature vector, X
2～X
6Classify, obtain feature vector, X
2～X
6Each self-corresponding numbering promptly obtains the pairing character of reference numeral separately, and will be separately pairing character as the recognition result of car plate second to the 6th character to be identified; Adopt support vector collection SV
DTo feature vector, X
7Classify, obtain feature vector, X
7Corresponding numbering promptly obtains this numbering corresponding characters, and with the recognition result of this character as car plate the 7th character to be identified.
Need to prove that multi-category support vector machines of the present invention can adopt the multi-category support vector machines based on linear kernel, also can adopt multi-category support vector machines based on non-linear nuclear.In addition, consider the characteristic of support vector machine, when the present invention makes collection sample characters on license plate binary image at the training process of many class vectors machine, each sample characters on license plate quantity of being gathered differs should be not excessive, guaranteeing that each character participates in training coequally, thereby reduce because the identification deviation that frequency of training difference is brought.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows:
The present invention is applied to the method for support vector machine in the Recognition of License Plate Characters innovatively.The present invention treats the character of each position of car plate with a certain discrimination, characters on license plate binary image proper vector is divided into four set, construct four multi-category support vector machines respectively to calculate the support vector collection of four set, and in the car plate identifying, adopt the character of different support vector set pair car plates to be identified to discern one by one, significantly reduced calculated amount.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1: the schematic flow sheet of the license plate character recognition method based on multi-category support vector machines provided by the invention.
Fig. 2: " People's Republic of China's industry standards of public safety: People's Republic of China's automotive number plate " be the described Chinese character printed words of appendix B (GA36-2007).
Fig. 3: " People's Republic of China's industry standards of public safety: People's Republic of China's automotive number plate " be the described English alphabet printed words of appendix B (GA36-2007).
Fig. 4: " People's Republic of China's industry standards of public safety: People's Republic of China's automotive number plate " be the described digital printed words of appendix B (GA36-2007).
Embodiment
The technology of the present invention content part, the technical scheme that is provided are enough detailed, do not repeat them here.
In a word, method of the present invention is fully investigated GA 36-2007 standard, and the method with support vector machine is applied in the Recognition of License Plate Characters innovatively.The present invention treats the character of each position of car plate with a certain discrimination, characters on license plate binary image proper vector is divided into four set, construct four multi-category support vector machines respectively to calculate the support vector collection of four set, and in the car plate identifying, adopt the character of different support vector set pair car plates to be identified to discern one by one, significantly reduced calculated amount.Through verification experimental verification, the present invention reaches 93.33% to the Chinese character discrimination, and the English alphabet character identification rate is reached 98.98%, and digital character identification rate is reached 99.57%, each character statistical average discrimination 98.60%.
Claims (3)
1,, comprise the training process of multi-category support vector machines and use multi-category support vector machines to carry out the process of car plate identification based on the license plate character recognition method of multi-category support vector machines:
One, the training process of many class vectors machine specifically may further comprise the steps:
Step 1: production standard characters on license plate binary image;
At first according to " People's Republic of China's industry standards of public safety: People's Republic of China's automotive number plate " (GA36-2007) the described printed words of appendix B make normalization printed words image, every normalization printed words figure image width is 16 pixels, height is 32 pixels; Then all normalization printed words images are carried out binary conversion treatment, during binary conversion treatment, normalization printed words gradation of image grade is calculated by 255 grades of gray scales, and the gray scale binary-state threshold is got certain particular value between [95,130]; Finally obtain by 37 Chinese characters, 26 English capitalizations and 10 totally 73 standard characters on license plate binary images that numeral is formed;
Step 2: make and gather sample characters on license plate binary image;
At first gather enough car plate photos, all characters that make " People's Republic of China's industry standards of public safety: People's Republic of China's automotive number plate " (GA36-2007) define among the appendix B occur three times at least; The characters on license plate image that the car plate photo of gathering is obtained separating after location, dividing processing then; To the character picture of all separation 1 described normalization and the binary conversion treatment of taking steps, obtain gathering sample characters on license plate binary image again;
Step 3: according to the standard characters on license plate binary image of step 1 gained and the collection sample characters on license plate binary image of step 2 gained, obtain the proper vector of each binary image, concrete grammar is: the pixel value of each binary image is arranged in order by row, obtains the row vector of one 512 dimension;
Step 4: to the proper vector of all binary images of step 3 gained, the proper vector of all character pictures of same character is belonged to a proper vector subclass, obtain 73 proper vector subclass altogether; Give each proper vector subclass a unique numbering, make 73 characters with the numbering between corresponding one by one; Simultaneously, all proper vectors in each proper vector subclass all adopt the numbering identical with this proper vector subclass;
Step 5: the proper vector that adopts all binary images of step 3 gained, be combined into following four proper vectors set: 1) the set of eigenvectors A that representative province/municipality directly under the Central Government/autonomous region is called for short, set of eigenvectors A comprises Chinese character " the sweet blue or green Ning Xin in expensive Yun Zang Shan, river, Soviet Union osmanthus, Lu Yu E Xiang Guangdong, Jiangxi, Fujian, Anhui, Zhejiang fine jade Chongqing, the black Shanghai of Beijing-Tianjin Ji Shanxi Meng Liaoji Hongkong and Macro make " proper vector of the standard characters on license plate binary image of totally 34 characters and the proper vector of gathering sample characters on license plate binary image, and each proper vector is corresponding with first character in the car plate; 2) the deal out the cards set of eigenvectors B of machine-operated code name of representative, set of eigenvectors B comprises the proper vector of standard characters on license plate binary image of 26 English capitalizations of A～Z and the proper vector of gathering sample characters on license plate binary image, and each proper vector is corresponding with second character in the car plate; 3) the set of eigenvectors C that represents car plate to number, set of eigenvectors C comprises 0～9 numeral and the English capitalization except that " O " and " I " the proper vector of the standard characters on license plate binary image of totally 34 characters and the proper vector of collection sample characters on license plate binary image, and a character in the 3rd to the 6th character in each proper vector and the car plate is corresponding; 4) represent the set of eigenvectors D of car plate end character, proper vector D collection comprises 0～9 numeral, the English capitalization except that " O " and " I " and Chinese character " extension ", " neck ", " port ", " Australia ", " ", " police ", " examination ", " surpassing " and " facing " proper vector of the standard characters on license plate binary image of totally 43 characters and proper vector of gathering sample characters on license plate binary image, and each proper vector is corresponding with car plate end character;
Step 5: the eigenvectors matrix M of four proper vectors set of difference constitution step 4 gained
A, M
B, M
CAnd M
D, construct and eigenvectors matrix M simultaneously
A, M
B, M
CAnd M
DFour corresponding vectorial V of numbering
A, V
B, V
CAnd V
DWherein, the capable vector of each eigenvectors matrix is exactly the concrete proper vector of character pair vector set, and the line number of each eigenvectors matrix is exactly the proper vector number of character pair vector set; The numbering vector is a column vector, and wherein element value of each row is exactly the character pair vector matrix numbering that adopted of the following proper vector of the number of colleague mutually;
Step 6: construct four multi-category support vector machines respectively, with the eigenvectors matrix M of step 5 gained
AWith corresponding numbering vector V
A, eigenvectors matrix M
BWith corresponding numbering vector V
B, eigenvectors matrix M
CWith corresponding numbering vector V
C, eigenvectors matrix M
DWith corresponding numbering vector V
DBe input to respectively in four multi-category support vector machines and train, obtain four support vector collection SV
A, SV
B, SV
C, SV
D
Two, use multi-category support vector machines to carry out the process of car plate identification, specifically may further comprise the steps:
Step 7: gather license plate image to be identified, the characters on license plate image to be identified that after location, dividing processing, obtains separating; To the character picture to be identified of all separation 1 described normalization and the binary conversion treatment of taking steps, obtain characters on license plate binary image to be identified again;
Step 8: convert the characters on license plate binary image to be identified of step 7 gained to proper vector, concrete conversion method is: the pixel value of each binary image is arranged in order by row, obtain the row vector of one 512 dimension, obtain 7 proper vectors altogether, be defined as X successively by character picture to be identified from left to right sequence of positions in car plate to be identified
1, X
2..., X
7
Step 9: adopt support vector collection SV
ATo feature vector, X
1Classify, obtain feature vector, X
1Corresponding numbering promptly obtains this numbering corresponding characters, and with the recognition result of this character as car plate first character to be identified; Adopt support vector collection SV
BTo feature vector, X
2Classify, obtain feature vector, X
2Corresponding numbering promptly obtains this numbering corresponding characters, and with the recognition result of this character as car plate second character to be identified; Adopt support vector collection SV
CTo feature vector, X
2～X
6Classify, obtain feature vector, X
2～X
6Each self-corresponding numbering promptly obtains the pairing character of reference numeral separately, and will be separately pairing character as the recognition result of car plate second to the 6th character to be identified; Adopt support vector collection SV
DTo feature vector, X
7Classify, obtain feature vector, X
7Corresponding numbering promptly obtains this numbering corresponding characters, and with the recognition result of this character as car plate the 7th character to be identified.
2, the license plate character recognition method based on multi-category support vector machines according to claim 1 is characterized in that, described multi-category support vector machines is the multi-category support vector machines based on linear kernel.
3, the license plate character recognition method based on multi-category support vector machines according to claim 1 is characterized in that, described multi-category support vector machines is the multi-category support vector machines based on non-linear nuclear.
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| CN108256516A (en) * | 2017-12-01 | 2018-07-06 | 桂林远望智能通信科技有限公司 | A kind of region licence plate recognition method and system |
| CN108242179A (en) * | 2018-03-01 | 2018-07-03 | 苏州科技大学 | A kind of monitoring of the intelligent garage door based on Car license recognition and warning device and method |
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