CN101593993A - The method for stabilizing voltage of fuel cell of no DC-DC converter and fuel cell system - Google Patents
The method for stabilizing voltage of fuel cell of no DC-DC converter and fuel cell system Download PDFInfo
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- CN101593993A CN101593993A CNA2009101484881A CN200910148488A CN101593993A CN 101593993 A CN101593993 A CN 101593993A CN A2009101484881 A CNA2009101484881 A CN A2009101484881A CN 200910148488 A CN200910148488 A CN 200910148488A CN 101593993 A CN101593993 A CN 101593993A
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of method for stabilizing voltage of fuel cell and fuel cell system of the DC-DC of nothing converter, be when operating load changes, reaction condition by fuel metering battery redox reaction is regulated its power output, thereby the output voltage of operating load when fluctuation fuel cell still can be stabilized in the needed voltage range of operating load.Owing to do not have the DC-DC converter,, improved the delivery efficiency of fuel cell so reduced the meaningless consumption of electric energy.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to fuel cell, is a kind of fuel cell that does not need the DC-DC converter specifically.
Background technology
In order to solve the exhausted day by day pressing issues of environmental pollution and fossil fuel, countries in the world have all carried out paying close attention to widely to fuel cell, because fuel cell is a kind of high-efficiency cleaning energy, environment is not had or have only very little pollution, and can use recyclability material such as hydrogen and methyl alcohol as fuel.A lot of countries especially developed country have dropped into lot of manpower and material resources and financial resources are carried out extensive studies and exploitation to fuel cell.China as developing country has also strengthened the input that fuel cell is researched and developed.A lot of provinces and cities have risen to strategic height to development of fuel cells, and development of fuel cells as one of most important R﹠D direction.
Fuel cell is a kind of electrochemical energy energy converter, and the chemical energy in the fuel (and oxygen) is directly changed into electric energy.Fuel is oxidized at the anode of fuel cell, and oxygen is reduced at the negative electrode of fuel cell.As long as have fuel and oxygen ceaselessly to import, fuel cell just can continuously produce electric energy.Reaction equation (1) has been explained the oxidizing process of hydrogen at anode, and reaction equation (2) has been explained the oxidizing process of methyl alcohol at anode, and reaction equation (3) has been explained the reduction process of corresponding oxygen at negative electrode:
H
2＝2H
++2e
- (1)
CH
3OH+H
2O＝CO
2+6H
++6e
- (2)
O
2+4H
++4e
-＝2H
2O (3)
As shown in Figure 1, pile, DC-DC converter, startup power supply, hydro-thermal management and controller normally constitute a fuel cell system main modular.Wherein, pile is the place that electrochemical reaction takes place as reaction gas (fuel and oxygen); The DC-DC converter to the required value of load, normally changes to the required input voltage of load to the transformation of electrical energy that produces to the output voltage of pile from pile; Start normally battery or electric capacity or both combinations of power supply, be used for starting fluid battery system and provide extra energy to load when needed; Hydro-thermal management guarantees the balance of water and heat so that allow other modules in pile and the system be in optimum Working; Controller is used for controlling all modules in the fuel cell system and their running.
For the multikilowatt fuel cell system, the energy consumption of DC-DC converter is usually more than 10%, and this is very big energy loss, has reduced the power output of whole fuel cell system greatly.For this reason, the someone has proposed to remove the idea of DC-DC converter.But owing to the variation along with load of the output voltage of fuel cell changes, that is, the voltage of fuel cell output can the fluctuation back and forth along with the variation of load, can not export stable voltage, and not satisfy the requirement of some load needs burning voltage.For this reason, the someone proposes a bigger battery (this battery also may be the startup power supply in the fuel cell) is parallel on the fuel cell system and the output voltage of fuel cell is moved on the value identical with cell voltage again, as shown in Figure 2.Yet, still do not have concrete scheme to realize this idea.
Summary of the invention
The power output that adopts the DC-DC converter to cause at present fuel cell reduces problem, the object of the present invention is to provide a kind of method for stabilizing voltage of fuel cell of the DC-DC of nothing converter, can guarantee to satisfy the voltage stabilizing requirement of load by the stable of fuel cell system output voltage to realize need not the DC-DC converter.
The present invention adopts following technical solution: a kind of method for stabilizing voltage of fuel cell of the DC-DC of nothing converter, be when operating load changes, by the reaction condition of fuel metering battery oxidation reaction, and make fuel cell output voltage be stabilized in the needed voltage range of operating load.
Above-mentioned reaction condition can be flow, pressure or the concentration of pile reactant.When flow rate of reactive gas, pressure or concentration reduced, the reactant that participates in redox reaction in the unit interval just reduced, thereby made reaction rate reduce, and the power output of fuel cell also can reduce thereupon.Like this, when load reduced, controller can correspondingly reduce the power output that flow rate of reactive gas, pressure or concentration reduce pile.The reduction of this power output is the reduction that causes the electric current of pile generation owing to the reduction of flow rate of reactive gas, pressure or concentration, and the output voltage of pile is constant.Otherwise when flow rate of reactive gas, pressure or concentration increased, the power output of fuel cell can increase.Described reactant is meant fuel or air, perhaps controls fuel and air simultaneously.
Above-mentioned controlled reaction condition also can be the working temperature of pile, comes the power output of fuel metering battery and then obtains stable pile voltage output by the working temperature that changes pile.Owing to the power output of pile can increase along with the intensification of pile or along with the cooling of pile reduces, like this, controller can correspondingly make it take away the temperature that more heat reduces pile by the flow that increases cooling agent (liquid or gas) when load diminishes.Otherwise controller can correspondingly make it take away less heat and the temperature of rising pile by the flow that reduces cooling agent (liquid or gas) when load becomes big.The electric current of pile output can reducing or increase and reduce or increase the output voltage stabilization of assurance pile along with power output.
The reaction condition that is used for regulating the pile power output can also be the humidity of pile membrane electrode, comes the power output of fuel metering battery and then obtains stable pile voltage output by the humidity that changes the membrane electrode in the pile.In general, when the humidity of membrane electrode is high, the power output height of pile, and when the humidity of membrane electrode was low, the power output of pile was low.The humidity of membrane electrode has some kinds of modes to control and to adjust.Such as, it can allow reaction gas adjust by humidifier.When humidifier was controlled at different temperature, the reaction gas that enters pile had just obtained humidification in various degree.Controller can correspondingly reduce the temperature of humidifier and reduce reaction gas humidity when load diminishes, thereby causes the reduction of pile power output.Otherwise controller can correspondingly increase the temperature of humidifier and increase reaction gas humidity when load increases, thereby causes the increase of pile power output.The electric current of pile output can reducing or increase and reduce or increase the output voltage stabilization of assurance pile along with power output.
The present invention also provides a kind of fuel cell system of the DC-DC of nothing converter, comprise pile and controller, also comprise the adjuster that is used for fuel metering battery pile operating mode, described controller is gathered the output voltage of described pile and is compared with setting voltage, and according to comparative result control with regulate described reaction condition, with the power output that guarantees pile with load matched and guarantee that the voltage of exporting is stabilized in the needed voltage range of load.
According to the controlled plant difference, described adjuster can be used for flow, concentration or the pressure of fuel metering gas or air for being installed in flow control valve or the pressure-regulating valve on fuel gas or the air input passage; Also can be used to regulate the working temperature of pile for being installed in the adjuster valve on the cooling-water duct; Can also be the humidity control apparatus of control fuel cell membrane electrode humidity.
Certainly, can also be simultaneously above-mentioned two or more objects to be regulated.
The present invention is the variation according to load, change the power output of fuel cell by the reaction operating mode of fuel metering battery, reach the power output that makes whole fuel cell system and output voltage and operating load and mate all the time, thereby problem, the problem includes: the energy loss problem when having avoided adopting the DC-DC converter.This method and system has reduced the output voltage noise, has widened the range of application of no DC-DC converter fuel cell system, has improved the reliability of fuel cell, has reduced the fuel cell cost, is suitable for each types of fuel cells.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is that existing fuel cell system is formed structural representation.
Fig. 2 is a kind of composition proposal schematic diagram of fuel cell system.
Fig. 3 is a kind of execution mode schematic diagram of the fuel cell system of no DC-DC converter of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is air mass flow and fuel cell output power graph of a relation.
Fig. 5 is air pressure and fuel cell output power graph of a relation.
Fig. 6 is the embodiment schematic diagram of control pile working temperature.
Embodiment
Below by specific embodiment the present invention is described in further detail, to help understanding content of the present invention.
Embodiment 1-conditioned reaction thing control power output
Shown in Figure 3 is one embodiment of the present invention schematic diagrames, comprises that hydrogen inlet and air intake react needed gas-hydrogen and air by passage to the fuel cell pile supply to the fuel cell pile 1 of load 2 power supplies.Controller compares pile output voltage and setting voltage, and according to the opening value of comparative result regulating and controlling valve, with the pressure (or flow or concentration) of the hydrogen regulating air and/or act as a fuel.The voltage that load 2 requires is called setting voltage, when the actual output voltage of pile 1 and setting voltage not simultaneously, when being higher than setting voltage value as actual output voltage, the bigger negative voltage of comparator output absolute value, this voltage is through after amplifying, driving adjuster valve turns down air or fuel pressure (or flow or concentration), the actual output voltage of pile begins to reduce, when reaching setting voltage, the voltage comparator output voltage is 0, the output voltage and the load required voltage that show pile under this air and/or fuel pressure (or flow or concentration) are complementary, and system enters stable state.Otherwise, when being lower than setting voltage value as the pile actual output voltage, the bigger positive voltage of comparator output absolute value, this voltage is heightened fuel and/or air pressure (or flow or concentration) through after amplifying, and the actual output voltage of pile begins to increase, when reaching setting voltage, the voltage comparator output voltage is 0, shows that the output voltage and the load required voltage of pile under this fuel or air pressure (or flow or concentration) is complementary, and system enters stable state.
This embodiment is when operating load changes, and regulates power output by the reactant of fuel metering battery redox reaction, and makes operating load when fluctuation fuel cell output voltage be stabilized in the needed voltage range of operating load.
Fig. 4 is the variation of this pile power output when changing air mass flow when the 33V of the output voltage of stablizing pile.When the flow of air when 50slpm is reduced to 23slpm, the power output of pile is reduced to 545 watts from 802 watts, reduced 44%, and the output voltage of pile is stabilized in 33V always.
Fig. 5 is the variation of this pile power output when changing air pressure when the 33V of the output voltage of stablizing pile.When the pressure of air when 60kPag is reduced to 20kPag, the power output of pile is reduced to 809 watts from 970 watts, reduced 17%, and the output voltage of pile is stabilized in 33V always.Show by regulating air pressure and can be implemented in the power output that changes pile under the stable situation of voltage.
Embodiment 2-regulates pile working temperature control power output
Shown in Figure 6 is another kind of embodiment of the present invention, with different among the embodiment 1 be, when operating load changes, regulate power output by the working temperature of fuel metering battery pile, and make operating load when fluctuation fuel cell output voltage be stabilized in the needed voltage range of operating load.
This fuel cell system comprises the fuel cell pile 1 to load 2 power supplies.Controller compares pile 1 output voltage and setting voltage, and according to the opening value of comparative result control cooling agent adjuster valve, to regulate the flow of cooling agent, controls the working temperature of fuel cell.The voltage that load 2 requires is called setting voltage, when the actual output voltage of pile 1 and setting voltage not simultaneously, when being higher than setting voltage value as actual output voltage, the bigger negative voltage of comparator output absolute value, this voltage is through after amplifying, drive adjuster valve coolant flow is heightened, stack temperature reduces and makes that actual output voltage begins to reduce; When reaching setting voltage, the voltage comparator output voltage is 0, and coolant flow has made the output voltage of pile and the input voltage of load be complementary, and system enters stable state.Otherwise, when being lower than setting voltage value as actual output voltage, the bigger positive voltage of comparator output absolute value, this voltage is turned down coolant flow through after amplifying, and the working temperature of pile raises and actual output voltage is increased, when reaching setting voltage, the voltage comparator output voltage is 0, and coolant flow has made the output voltage of pile and the input voltage of load be complementary, and system enters stable state.
The humidity of embodiment 3-control pile membrane electrode is regulated the pile power output
This scheme is when operating load changes, and regulates power output by the humidity of fuel metering battery pile membrane electrode, and makes operating load when fluctuation fuel cell output voltage be stabilized in the needed voltage range of operating load.
The humidity of membrane electrode has some kinds of modes to control and to adjust.Its fuel cell system is with reference to shown in Figure 6, its adjuster valve is changed into the inflow of regulating humidifier, or as CN1216392A, regulate heater, cooler or air pump and regulate humidity, the perhaps humidity of regulating membrane electrode by the temperature of regulating humidifier.
Claims (9)
1, a kind of method for stabilizing voltage of fuel cell that does not have the DC-DC converter, be when operating load changes, reaction condition by fuel metering battery redox reaction is regulated its power output, and fuel cell output voltage is stabilized in the needed voltage range of operating load.
2, the method for stabilizing voltage of fuel cell of no DC-DC converter as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: described reaction condition is flow, pressure or the concentration of pile reactant.
3, the method for stabilizing voltage of fuel cell of no DC-DC converter as claimed in claim 2 is characterized in that: described reactant is meant fuel and/or air.
4, the method for stabilizing voltage of fuel cell of no DC-DC converter as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: described reaction condition is the working temperature of pile.
5, the method for stabilizing voltage of fuel cell of no DC-DC converter as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: described reaction condition is the humidity of pile membrane electrode.
6, a kind of fuel cell system that does not have the DC-DC converter, comprise pile and controller, it is characterized in that: also comprise the adjuster that is used for fuel metering battery pile operating mode, described controller is gathered the output voltage of described pile and is compared with setting voltage, and according to comparative result control with regulate described adjuster, with the power output that guarantees pile and load matched and assurance output voltage stabilization in the needed voltage range of load.
7, the fuel cell system of no DC-DC converter as claimed in claim 6, it is characterized in that: described adjuster is flow control valve or the pressure-regulating valve that is installed on fuel and/or the air input passage, is used for flow, concentration or the pressure of fuel metering or air.
8, the fuel cell system of no DC-DC converter as claimed in claim 6 is characterized in that: described adjuster is the adjuster valve that is installed on the coolant channel, is used to regulate the working temperature of pile.
9, the fuel cell system of no DC-DC converter as claimed in claim 6 is characterized in that: described adjuster is the adjusting device of control fuel cell membrane electrode humidity.
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| CNA2009101484881A CN101593993A (en) | 2009-07-01 | 2009-07-01 | The method for stabilizing voltage of fuel cell of no DC-DC converter and fuel cell system |
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| CNA2009101484881A CN101593993A (en) | 2009-07-01 | 2009-07-01 | The method for stabilizing voltage of fuel cell of no DC-DC converter and fuel cell system |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102655239A (en) * | 2011-03-04 | 2012-09-05 | 本田技研工业株式会社 | Fuel cell system |
| CN114937795A (en) * | 2022-04-28 | 2022-08-23 | 清华大学 | Method for widening working domain of solid oxide fuel cell system |
-
2009
- 2009-07-01 CN CNA2009101484881A patent/CN101593993A/en active Pending
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102655239A (en) * | 2011-03-04 | 2012-09-05 | 本田技研工业株式会社 | Fuel cell system |
| US8993184B2 (en) | 2011-03-04 | 2015-03-31 | Honda Motor Co., Ltd. | Fuel cell system |
| CN102655239B (en) * | 2011-03-04 | 2016-01-13 | 本田技研工业株式会社 | Fuel cell system |
| CN114937795A (en) * | 2022-04-28 | 2022-08-23 | 清华大学 | Method for widening working domain of solid oxide fuel cell system |
| CN114937795B (en) * | 2022-04-28 | 2024-03-12 | 清华大学 | Method for widening working range of solid oxide fuel cell system |
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Application publication date: 20091202 |