CN101588200A - Improved spot beam satellite system - Google Patents
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- CN101588200A CN101588200A CN 200910146095 CN200910146095A CN101588200A CN 101588200 A CN101588200 A CN 101588200A CN 200910146095 CN200910146095 CN 200910146095 CN 200910146095 A CN200910146095 A CN 200910146095A CN 101588200 A CN101588200 A CN 101588200A
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Abstract
The present invention relates to improved spot beam satellite system.Proposed a kind of method that in having the satellite system of a plurality of spot beams, sends data, having comprised: on the forward direction from the gateway terminal to the communication satellite, sent broadband signal to be relayed at least one user terminal; Receive broadband signal at the communication satellite side joint, wherein communication satellite comprises the bend pipe repeater, and described bend pipe repeater has a plurality of satellite-based transmission amplifiers; Use of a plurality of satellite-based transmission amplifiers to amplify described broadband signal and do not amplify other from the broadband signal of gateway terminal to produce the broadband signal of amplifying; The broadband signal that sends described amplification to described at least one user terminal is as one of a plurality of service points wave beam; And receive the broadband signal of described amplification and from the WBSR wideband signal recovery data of described amplification at described at least one user terminal.
Description
The application is on September 26th, 2007 that submit, application number 200780041381.6, denomination of invention dividing an application for the application for a patent for invention of " improved spot beam satellite system ".
The cross reference of related application
The application advocates the rights and interests of the U.S. Provisional Application No. 60/827924 (agent registration 017018-008000US) of application on October 3rd, 2006, is hereby expressly incorporated by reference.
The application advocates the rights and interests of the U.S. Provisional Application No. 60/827927 (agent registration 017018-008300US) of application on October 3rd, 2006, is hereby expressly incorporated by reference.
The application advocates the rights and interests of the U.S. Provisional Application No. 60/827959 (agent registration 017018-008500US) of application on October 3rd, 2006, is hereby expressly incorporated by reference.
The application advocates the rights and interests of the U.S. Provisional Application No. 60/827960 (agent registration 017018-008600US) of application on October 3rd, 2006, is hereby expressly incorporated by reference.
The application advocates the rights and interests of the U.S. Provisional Application No. 60/827964 (agent registration 017018-008800US) of application on October 3rd, 2006, is hereby expressly incorporated by reference.
The application advocates the rights and interests of the U.S. Provisional Application No. 60/827038 (agent registration 017018-010400US) of application on September 26th, 2006, is hereby expressly incorporated by reference.
The application is hereby expressly incorporated by reference the full content of following patent application:
With this PCT application PCT application the of " Improved Spot Beam Satellite GroundSystems " (temporarily with reference to the agent registration 017018-009510PC) by name of application on the same day _ _ _ _ number;
With this PCT application PCT application the of " Multi-Service Provider SubscriberAuthentication " (temporarily with reference to agent registration 017018-007710PC) by name of application on the same day _ _ _ _ _ number;
With this PCT application PCT application the of " Large Packet Concatenation In SatelliteCommunication System " (temporarily with reference to the agent registration 017018-008210PC) by name of application on the same day _ _ _ _ number;
With this PCT application PCT application the of " Upfront Delayed Concatenation In SatelliteCommunication System " (temporarily with reference to the agent registration 017018-010510PC) by name of application on the same day _ _ _ _ number;
With this PCT application PCT application the of " Map-Trigger Dump Of Packets In SatelliteCommunication System " (temporarily with reference to the agent registration 017018-010610PC) by name of application on the same day _ _ _ _ number;
With this PCT application PCT application the of " Web/Bulk Transfer Preallocation ofUpstream Resources In A Satellite Communication System " (temporarily with reference to the agent registration 017018-010710PC) by name of application on the same day _ _ _ _ number;
With this PCT application PCT application the of " Improved Spot Beam Satellite Systems " (temporarily with reference to the agent registration 017018-008010PC) by name of application on the same day _ _ _ _ number;
With this PCT application PCT application the of " Downstream Waveform Sub-ChannelizationFor Satellite Communications " (temporarily with reference to the agent registration 026258-002400PC) by name of application on the same day _ _ _ _ number;
With this PCT application PCT application the of " Packet Reformatting For DownstreamLinks " (temporarily with reference to the agent registration 026258-002700PC) by name of application on the same day _ _ _ _ number; And
With this PCT application No. the, the PCT application of " Upstream Resource Allocation For SatelliteCommunications " (temporarily with reference to the agent registration 026258-002800PC) by name of application on the same day.
Technical field
The application generally relates to radio communication, particularly satellite communication network.
Background technology
Along with the startup of the interspace Network of using the Ka band satellite, consumer's broadband satellite business is obtaining attraction in the North America.First generation satellite system although it is so can provide all told of a plurality of gigabits of every satellite per second (Gbps), but the design of such system has limited the consumer's that can be served fully quantity inherently.In addition, the fact of striding a plurality of overlay areas dispersion capacity has further limited the bandwidth of each user (subscriber).
Although existing design has a plurality of capacity limit, for the still sustainable growth of demand of such broadband services.Several years in past have been seen the powerful advantages in communication and the treatment technology.In conjunction with the system and the element design of selected innovation, this technology can be utilized to produce new wireless communication system and solve this demand.
Summary of the invention
The present invention relates to a kind of method that is used for allocation of transmission bandwidth.This method comprises: send the subscriber terminal side of Satellite uplink signals in be distributed in the first transmission channel (first assigned frequency channel) that distributes by central location, send Satellite uplink signals off and on by sending in the transmission cycle in time-division in the first transmission channel that distributes.This method further is included in subscriber terminal side, come from transmission between the transmission cycle of time-division of Satellite uplink signals of user terminal and monitor the described first transmission channel that distributes, generating about may there being at least one observed result of another signal in the first transmission channel that distributes, and described at least one observed result is reported to central location.This method also is included in the central location side, receive described at least one observed result, and determine user terminal is re-assigned to the second transmission channel that distributes based on described at least one observed result of described user terminal report, and the result's that transmission is redistributed message sends to user terminal, so that guide user terminal to send Satellite uplink signals in the second transmission channel that distributes.
According to an embodiment, this method further comprises supervision at least one out of band channel different with the first transmission channel that distributes to generate the step of described at least one observed result, and wherein said at least one observed result further relates to the signal that may exist in described at least one out of band channel.Described at least one out of band channel can comprise and the first adjacent adjacent channel of transmission channel that distributes.
According to an embodiment, at least one observed result indication is as the existence of main frequency spectrum permission holder's external source, and user terminal is less important frequency spectrum permission holder.As an example, described at least one observed result indication land mobile data services (LMDS) user's existence.
According to an embodiment, user terminal further can use first antenna to receive the satellite downlink signal in first receiving channels that distributes, and uses second antenna to monitor the first transmission channel that distributes.For example, first antenna is used for receiving satellite signal, and second antenna is used to receive ground signal.
According to an embodiment, determine with user terminal redistribute to second distribute the transmission channel time, central location is also considered the observed result of other user terminals reports except described at least one observed result of user terminal report.
The invention still further relates to a kind of in utilizing the multibeam satellite system of frequency reuse the method for communication data.
This method be included between satellite and a plurality of user terminal set up comprise uplink service wave beam and downlink traffic wave beam business beam to form a plurality of business beams overlay area, each downlink traffic wave beam is correlated with different business beam overlay areas.By reusing at least one common uplink channel a plurality of uplink service wave beams are sent to satellite, and come from a plurality of downlink traffic wave beams of satellite transmission by reusing at least one common downlink channel.
This method further is included in and sets up at least one uplink feeder beam and at least one downlink feeder beam between satellite and the gateway terminal, described at least one downlink feeder beam is associated with a feeder beam overlay area, described feeder beam overlay area and described a plurality of business beams overlay area are separately, receive described at least one uplink feeder beam to form a plurality of downlink traffic wave beams at the satellite side joint, receive a plurality of uplink service wave beams to form described at least one downlink feeder beam at the satellite side joint.Come to described at least one uplink feeder beam of satellite transmission by further reusing described at least one common uplink channel, and come from described at least one downlink feeder beam of satellite transmission by further reusing described at least one common downlink channel.
According to embodiments of the invention, described at least one uplink feeder beam comprises a plurality of uplink feeder beam, and described at least one downlink feeder beam comprises a plurality of downlink feeder beam.Come to a plurality of uplink feeder beam of satellite transmission by further reusing described at least one common uplink channel once more.In addition, come from a plurality of downlink feeder beam of satellite transmission by further reusing described at least one common downlink channel once more.
According to an embodiment, described at least one uplink feeder beam comprises 4 carrier waves, wherein said at least one common uplink channel comprises that each can be by two channels of right-handed circular polarization (RHCP) and left-hand circular polarization (LHCP) differentiation, forming 4 unique combination of frequency and polarization, and of 4 unique combination of wherein each frequencies of utilization of 4 carrier waves and polarization sends.
According to an embodiment, described at least one downlink feeder beam comprises 4 carrier waves, wherein said at least one common downlink channel comprises two channels that each can be distinguished mutually by right-handed circular polarization (RHCP) and left-hand circular polarization (LHCP), forming 4 unique combination of frequency and polarization, and of 4 unique combination of wherein each frequencies of utilization of 4 carrier waves and polarization sends.
According to an embodiment, each uplink service wave beam comprises 1 carrier wave, wherein said at least one common uplink channel comprises two channels that each can be distinguished mutually by right-handed circular polarization (RHCP) and left-hand circular polarization (LHCP), forming 4 unique combination of frequency and polarization, and of 4 unique combination of wherein each carrier wave frequency of utilization of uplink service wave beam and polarization sends.
According to an embodiment, each downlink traffic wave beam comprises 1 carrier wave, wherein said at least one common downlink channel comprises two channels that each can be distinguished mutually by right-handed circular polarization (RHCP) and left-hand circular polarization (LHCP), forming 4 unique combination of frequency and polarization, and of 4 unique combination of wherein each carrier wave frequency of utilization of downlink traffic wave beam and polarization sends.Described at least one common uplink channel comprises the channel of 500MHz.Described at least one common downlink channel comprises the channel of 500MHz.
The invention still further relates to a kind of method that sends data in having the satellite system of a plurality of spot beams, described method is included on the forward direction from the gateway terminal to the communication satellite and sends broadband signal to be relayed at least one user terminal.Described method also is included in the communication satellite side joint and receives described broadband signal, wherein communication satellite comprises a bend pipe repeater, described bend pipe repeater has a plurality of satellite-based transmission amplifiers, and each satellite-based transmission amplifier can be carried out amplification to generate the service point wave beam.Described method comprises that also of using a plurality of satellite-based transmission amplifiers amplifies described broadband signal producing the broadband signal of amplifying, and a transmission amplifier of wherein said a plurality of satellite-based transmission amplifiers is used to only amplify described broadband signal and does not amplify other broadband signals from gateway terminal.Described method comprises that also the broadband signal with described amplification is sent to described at least one user terminal, the broadband signal of described amplification is sent out as a plurality of service points wave beam, a service point wave beam of described a plurality of service points wave beam contains the earth surface overlay area that lid comprises at least one user terminal, and the broadband signal of wherein said amplification takies of described a plurality of service points wave beam alone.Described method is included in also that described at least one subscriber terminal side receives the broadband signal of described amplification and from the WBSR wideband signal recovery data of described amplification.
In one embodiment, the broadband signal of described amplification is a single-carrier signal.The data transfer rate of the broadband signal support at least 1 gigabit per second (Gbps) of described amplification.The broadband signal of described amplification has the bandwidth of 500MHz at least.
Each of a plurality of satellite-based transmission amplifiers all comprises travelling-wave tube amplifier (TWTA).In one embodiment, a plurality of service point wave beam comprises 60 service point wave beams.From gateway terminal to the broadband signal that communication satellite sends is comprised in of a plurality of feeder beam of sending from the gateway terminal to the communication satellite.In one embodiment, a plurality of feeder beam comprise 15 feeder beam.Each of a plurality of feeder beam comprises 4 carrier waves, and each carrier wave meter is shown in the separation signal that sends on the forward direction from the gateway terminal to the communication satellite.
The invention still further relates to a kind of method of utilizing superfluous satellite Pasteur power.This method is included in forward direction from gateway terminal to bend pipe relay communication satellite and sends the broadband signal be comprised at least one feeder beam to be relayed at least one user terminal.Communication satellite can be operated and be used to provide Pasteur's power total amount, wherein the existing payload of communication satellite consumes the part that takies of Pasteur's power total amount, wherein the extra payload of communication satellite consumes the remainder of Pasteur's power total amount, and communication satellite comprises a plurality of satellite-based transmission amplifiers, and each satellite-based transmission amplifier can be carried out and amplify to generate the service point wave beam.This method also is included in the communication satellite side joint and receives described broadband signal and use one of described a plurality of satellite-based transmission amplifiers to amplify described broadband signal to produce the broadband signal of amplifying.This method also comprises the broadband signal that sends described amplification to described at least one user terminal, and the broadband signal of described amplification is sent out as a plurality of service points wave beam.This method also is included in described at least one subscriber terminal side and receives the WBSR wideband signal recovery data of the broadband signal of described amplification from described amplification.
According to an embodiment, described extra payload is supported complete satellite system, and complete satellite system comprises M feeder beam and N business beam.
According to optional embodiment, extra payload is supported the part of complete satellite system, and complete satellite system comprises M feeder beam and N business beam.As an example, complete satellite system comprises the business beam (N=60) of 15 feeder beam (M=15) and 60, and described extra payload is supported 2 feeder beam and 8 business beams.
In one embodiment, each of at least one feeder beam comprises 4 signals, and one of four various combinations of each signal frequency of utilization and polarization sends.A plurality of business beams are relevant with different earth surface coverage zone, and applying frequency is reused and utilized at least one common channel.Left and right sides rounding polarization is alternately used in the earth surface overlay area of the vicinity relevant with described a plurality of business beams.
Can use the different piece of frequency spectrum.For example, described at least one feeder beam and described a plurality of business beam utilize at least one channel of Ka wave band.
The invention still further relates to a kind of user terminal and gateway terminal of utilizing and locate the method for operating multibeam satellite system.
This method is included in a plurality of user terminals in location in a plurality of business beams overlay area, described user terminal can be set up uplink service wave beam and downlink traffic wave beam between user terminal and satellite, the downlink traffic wave beam is relevant with described a plurality of different business beam overlay areas.By reusing at least one common uplink channel to a plurality of uplink service wave beams of satellite transmission, and by reusing at least one common downlink channel from a plurality of downlink traffic wave beams of satellite transmission.
This method also is included in location gateway terminal in the feeder beam overlay area, described gateway terminal can be set up uplink feeder beam and downlink feeder beam between gateway terminal and satellite, downlink feeder beam is relevant with described feeder beam overlay area, described feeder beam overlay area and described a plurality of business beams overlay area branch are arranged, receive uplink feeder beam to form a plurality of downlink traffic wave beams at the satellite side joint, receive a plurality of uplink service wave beams to form downlink feeder beam at the satellite side joint.By further reusing described at least one common uplink channel to the satellite transmission uplink feeder beam, and by further reusing described at least one common downlink channel from the satellite transmission downlink feeder beam.
Gateway terminal can be of a plurality of gateway terminals, and each gateway terminal is positioned in the different feeder link overlay area of a plurality of feeder links overlay area.According to an embodiment, the minimum range that other gateway terminals of each in each of described a plurality of gateway terminals and the described a plurality of gateway terminal are separated is 400 kilometers.According to each of the described a plurality of gateway terminals of embodiment be placed on connect 50 kilometers distance apart from fiber optic network in.According to an embodiment, each of described a plurality of gateway terminals is placed on the percentage of time for appointment, and whole rain of described at least one common uplink channel decline on (for example 99.99% of the time) position less than the decline (for example decline of 10dB) of specified quantitative.
Description of drawings
Figure 1A is the block diagram of the schematic satellite communication system of different embodiment according to the subject invention configuration;
Figure 1B is the block diagram of the optional embodiment of expression wireless communication system;
Fig. 2 A is the example that the multiple-beam system of different embodiment according to the subject invention configuration is shown;
Fig. 2 B is another example that the multiple-beam system of different embodiment according to the subject invention configuration is shown;
Fig. 3 represents the embodiment of the ground system of the gateway shown in the block diagram form;
Fig. 4 represents the embodiment of the SMTS shown in the block diagram form;
Fig. 5 represents the embodiment of the satellite shown in the block diagram form;
Fig. 6 A represents the embodiment of the upstream transponder shown in the block diagram form (upstream translator);
Fig. 6 B represents the embodiment of the downstream translator shown in the block diagram form (downstream translator);
Fig. 7 is the block diagram of one group of subscriber equipment of expression, and this group subscriber equipment can be positioned at customer location to receive and to send signal of communication;
Fig. 8 represents the embodiment of downstream channel;
Fig. 9 represents the embodiment of upstream channel;
Figure 10 represents the embodiment of gateway reflector;
Figure 11 represents the embodiment of gateway receiver;
Figure 12 A represents the embodiment of forward link (forward link) distribution system;
Figure 12 B represents the embodiment of return link (return link) distribution system;
Figure 13 represents the embodiment of channel mapping;
Figure 14 represents adoptable according to one embodiment of present invention example frequency reuse (FrequencyRe-use) plan;
Figure 15 represents illustrative system according to an embodiment of the invention, and this system has adopted the self adaptation of satellite uplink frequency band to use.
Embodiment
Various embodiment of the present invention comprises system, method, equipment and the software that is used for new broadband satellite network.Schematic embodiment only is provided in the embodiment, be not used in limit the scope of the invention, application or configuration.Opposite, the description subsequently of embodiment will provide the embodiment that can implement embodiments of the invention to those of ordinary skills.Can carry out various changes and without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention to the function of assembly and layout.
Thus, different embodiment can omit, deduct or increase various processes or element rightly.For example, should be appreciated that in interchangeable embodiment, can be by coming manner of execution with described method different order, and can increase, omit or merge different step.And, also can be integrated among other different embodiment at the described feature of some embodiment.The different aspect and the assembly that can merge embodiment in a similar manner.In addition, before can embodiment below, need a plurality of steps afterwards or simultaneously.
Should also be appreciated that following system, method, equipment and software can be the elements of bigger system, wherein their application can preferentially be carried out or revise to other processes.
Figure 1A is the block diagram of the schematic satellite communication system 100 that disposes according to various embodiments of the present invention.This satellite communication system 100 comprises for example network 120 of internet, and network 120 is connected with gateway 115 interfaces, and gateway 115 is used for via satellite 105 and communicates by letter with one or more user terminals 130.Gateway 115 is called as hub or ground station sometimes.User terminal 130 is called as modulator-demodulator, satellite modem or user terminal sometimes.As mentioned above, though communication system 100 is illustrated as the communication system based on geostationary satellite 105, but should be noted that various embodiment described herein is not limited to use in the system based on geostationary satellite, for example some embodiment can be based on near-earth orbit (LowEarth Orbit, LEO) system of satellite.
In different embodiment, network 120 can be the network of any type, and can comprise for example internet, IP network, Intranet, wide area network (WAN), Local Area Network, Virtual Private Network, public switch telephone network (PSTN) and/or support the network of any other type of the data communication between the equipment described herein.Network 120 can comprise wired and wireless connections, comprises optical link.According to the disclosure, many for the person of ordinary skill of the art other examples are possible and tangible.As described in a plurality of embodiment, network can be by also being connected gateway 115 with other gateways (not shown) of satellite 105 communications.
The equipment (not shown) that is connected to network 120 can be by gateway 115 and one or more user terminal communications.Can send data and information, for example IP datagram to gateway 115 from the equipment the network 120.Gateway 115 can format medium access control (MAC) frame so that be transferred to satellite 130 according to the physical layer definition.Some embodiment of the present invention can use various physical layer transmission modulation and coding techniques, comprises those technology of DVB-S2 and WiMAX standard definition.105 link 135 can be called as downstream uplink 135 hereinafter from gateway 115 to satellite.
In one embodiment, geostationary satellite 105 is used for from the position of antenna 110 and frequency band and the particular polarization received signal that is sending.Such as, satellite 105 can use reflector antenna, lens antenna, array antenna, active antenna or other mechanism well known in the prior art to receive such signal.Satellite 105 can be handled the signal that receives from gateway 115, and will arrive one or more user terminals 130 from the signal forwarding that comprises mac frame of gateway 115.In one embodiment, satellite 105 sends a plurality of narrow beams that each points to the zones of different of the earth with the operation of multi-beam pattern, and tolerance frequency is reused.By such multi-beam satellite 105, can there be the unlike signal handover configurations of arbitrary number to satellite, allow between the difference wave beam, to switch from the signal of single gateway 115.In one embodiment, satellite 105 can be configured to " bend pipe (bent pipe) " satellite, wherein satellite carried out frequency translation with these signals resend their destination in the carrier signal that will receive before, and other processing are carried out or do not carried out to the content of signal hardly.Satellite 105 according to some embodiment of the present invention can use various physical layer transmission modulation and coding techniques, comprises those technology of DVB-S2 and WiMAX standard definition.For other embodiment, it is evident that for those of ordinary skills a plurality of configurations are possible (for example, using LEO satellite or use to replace the mesh network (meshnetwork) of star network (star network)).
One or more user terminals 130 can receive the service signal that sends from satellite 105 by user antenna 125 separately.In one embodiment, antenna 125 and terminal 130 constitute very small aperture terminal together (Very Small Apeture Terminal, VSAT), antenna 125 are measured about 0.6 rice diameters and had about 2 watts of power.In other embodiments, can use the antenna 125 of various other types to come at user terminal 130 from satellite 105 received signals.130 link 150 can be called as downstream downlink 150 hereinafter from satellite 105 to user terminal.Each user terminal 130 can comprise the unique user terminal, perhaps comprises the hub or the router (not shown) that are connected to a plurality of user terminals alternatively.Each user terminal 130 can be connected to ustomer premises access equipment (Consumer Premises Equipment, CPE) 160, CPE 160 comprises for example computer, local area network (LAN), internet appliance, wireless network etc.
In one embodiment, multi-frequency time division multiple access (MF-TDMA) scheme is used for upstream link 140,145, allows effectively flowing of the traffic to keep the flexibility of partition capacity simultaneously between each user terminal 130.In this embodiment, can distribute a plurality of channels, these a plurality of channels be fix or distributed in more dynamic mode.Can also in each channel, use time division multiple access (TDMA) scheme.In this scheme, each channel can be divided into a plurality of time slots that can be assigned to connection (for example, user terminal 130).In other embodiments, can be with the one or more upstream links 140,145 of other arrangements, for example, mixing or other schemes of frequency division multiple access (FDMA), OFDM (OFDMA), code division multiple access (CDMA) or arbitrary number well known in the prior art.
User terminal, 130-a for example can be via satellite 105 be sent to network 120 destinations with data and information.User terminal 130 uses antenna 125-a by upstream up link 145-a signal to be sent to satellite 105.User terminal 130 can comprise that the technology that defines in DVB-S2 and the WiMAX standard sends signal according to various physical layer transmission modulation and coding techniques.In various embodiments, for each link 135,140,145,150, physical-layer techniques can be identical or can be different.115 link can be called as upstream downlink 140 hereinafter from satellite 105 to gateway.
Return Figure 1B, block diagram is used to represent the optional embodiment of satellite communication system 100.For example, this communication system 100 can comprise the system 100 of Figure 1A, but describes more in detail in this example.In this embodiment, gateway 115 comprises satellite modem terminating systems (Satellite ModemTermination System, SMTS), its at least in part based on wire cable data, services interface specification (Data-Over-Cable Service Interface Standard, DOCSIS).SMTS in this embodiment comprises a series of modulator and demodulator, is used for to user terminal 130 transmission signals with from user terminal 130 received signals.SMTS in the gateway 115 105 carries out the Real-Time Scheduling of signal communication amount via satellite, and the interface that is connected to network 120 is provided.
In the present embodiment, user terminal 135 also uses the modem circuit based on DOCSIS of part.Thus, SMTS can use resource management, agreement and scheduler based on DOCSIS to give information effectively.In different embodiment, can revise based on the element of DOCSIS and be used for wherein being suitable for.Thus, some embodiment can utilize some part of docsis specification, customizes other parts simultaneously.
Though briefly described the satellite communication system 100 that can be used in different embodiment above, will describe the specific embodiment of such system 100 now.In this specific examples, to use the bandwidth of about 2 Gigahertzs (GHz), comprise the bandwidth of four 500 megahertzes (MHz) of adjacent spectra.The application of double-circle polarization causes comprising the usable frequency of the nonoverlapping bands of 8 500MHz with total available band 4GHz.This specific embodiment is used the multi-beam satellite 105 with gateway 115 and user's spot beam physical separation, and allows the frequency reuse at different links 135,140,145,150.Each service link spot beam on downstream downlink is used single travelling-wave tube amplifier (TWTA), and each TWTA operates to reach maximal efficiency in complete saturation condition.Single bandwidth carrier signal for example uses the whole of a 500MHz frequency band, fills the whole bandwidth of TWTA, allows the space hardware assembly of minimal amount thus.Spot beam size and TWTA power can be optimized to obtain the every square metre of every megahertz (dbW/m of flux peak density-118 dBw on the earth surface
2/ MHz).Thus, use approximate every hertz of 2 bits per second (bits/s/Hz), have the available bandwidth of about every spot beam 1Gbps.
Show the embodiment of forward link assignment system 1200 with reference to figure 12A.As shown in the figure, gateway 115 is connected to antenna 110, and this produces four downstream data flow signals.The single carrier wave that each use of four downstream uplink 135 is had the 500MHz frequency spectrum.In this embodiment, two frequencies and two polarization allow four independent downstream uplink 135 altogether, and only use the frequency spectrum of 1GHz.For example, link A 135-A can be the Freq 1U (27.5-28.0GHz) with left-handed polarization, link B135-B can be the Freq 1U (27.5-28.0GHz) with right-hand polarization, link C can be the Freq 2U (29.5-30GHz) with left-handed polarization, and link D can be the Freq 2U (29.5-30GHz) with right-hand polarization.
Four " bend pipe " that satellite 105 is described as between feeder link (feeder link) and the service link with being functionalized connects.105 " bend pipes " connect the direction that changes carrier signal and polarization via satellite.Satellite 105 is a downstream downlink signal 150 with each downstream uplink 135 conversion of signals.
Have four downstream downlink 150 in the present embodiment, each downstream downlink 150 provides service link for four spot beams 205.Downstream downlink 150 can change frequency in bend pipe as in the situation of present embodiment.For example, downstream uplink A 135-A 105 changes second frequency (that is Freq 1D) into from first frequency (that is Freq 1U) via satellite.Other embodiment also can change the up link of given downstream channel and the polarization between the down link.Some embodiment can use identical polarization and/or frequency with down link to the up link of given downstream channel.
Below with reference to Figure 12 B, show the embodiment of return link distribution system.This embodiment represents four upstream up links 145 from four groups of user terminals 125." bend pipe " satellite 105 adopts upstream up link 145, changes carrier frequency and/or polarization (not shown) alternatively, then they is directed to the spot beam that is used for gateway 115 again as upstream downlink 140.In this embodiment, carrier frequency changes between up link 145 and down link 140, and is identical but polarization keeps.Owing to be not in the overlay area of business beam to the feeder line spot beam of gateway 115, therefore can be to service link and feeder link the two to reuse identical frequency right.
Return Fig. 2 A and 2B, show the example of the multiple-beam system 200 of different embodiment according to the subject invention configuration.For example, this multiple-beam system 200 can be realized in the network 100 of Figure 1A and 1B description.There is shown the coverage of a plurality of feeder lines and professional spot beam zone 225,205.In this embodiment, satellite 215 comes reuse band by the certain zone that the directivity of antenna is isolated country (for example, the U.S., Canada or Brazil).Shown in Fig. 2 A, between feeder line and service point wave beam 205,225, there is geographical completely exclusiveness.But for Fig. 2 B is not such situation, has service point wave beam overlapping (for example 205-c, 205-d, 205-e) among Fig. 2 B in some example, and does not exist overlapping in other zones.Yet, by overlapping, have some interference problem, thereby may forbid the frequency reuse in the overlapping region.Four Color Pattern (Four Color Pattern) are even also provide the possibility that avoids interference under some overlapping situation of existence between the adjacent business beam 205.
In this embodiment, also show gateway terminal 210 and feeder beam 225 thereof.Shown in Fig. 2 B, gateway terminal 210 can be positioned at the zone (for example, first, second and the 4th gateway 210-1,210-2,210-4) that is covered by the service point wave beam.Yet gateway also can be positioned at outside the zone that the service point wave beam covers (for example the 3rd gateway 210-3).By outside the zone that gateway terminal 210 is arranged at service point wave beam covering (for example the 3rd gateway 210-3), realize that geographical separation is to allow to reuse the frequency of distribution.
In given feeder line spot beam 225, there is standby gateway terminal 210 usually.If primary gateway terminal 210-4 work is undesired, this standby gateway terminal 210-5 can substitute primary gateway terminal 210-4.In addition, can when damaging because of weather, the primary gateway terminal use this standby gateway terminal.
Below with reference to Fig. 8, show the embodiment of downstream channel 800.Downstream channel 800 comprises a series of continuous superframes 804, and each superframe 804 can have identical size or vary in size.This embodiment is divided into a plurality of subchannels 808 (1-n) with superframe 804.Subchannel 808 (1-n) in each superframe 804 can be identical size or vary in size.Can between different superframes 804, change the size of subchannel 808 (1-n).Can use different coding alternatively to different subchannel 808 (1-n).In certain embodiments, subchannel is the same short with a symbol on the duration.
With reference to figure 9, show the embodiment of upstream channel 900.Present embodiment uses MF-TDMA, but other embodiment can use CDMA, OFDM, FDMA, TDMA or other access schemes.In one embodiment, upstream channel 900 has the whole bandwidth of 500MHz.Whole bandwidth is divided into m frequency subchannels, and each frequency subchannels is can be different on bandwidth, modulation, the coding etc. and also can be different on the time that needs based on system.
In the present embodiment, provide two dimension (2D) map (two-dimetional (2D) map) to each user terminal 130 and be used for its Upstream Traffic.This 2D map has a plurality of clauses and subclauses, each clauses and subclauses indication frequency subchannels 912 and time period 908 (1-5).For example, a user terminal 130 has been assigned with subchannel m 912-m, time period one 908-1; Subchannel two 912-2, time periods two 908-2; Subchannel two 912-2, time periods three 908-3 etc.Needs in advance according to scheduler among the SMTS come each user terminal 130 is dynamically adjusted the 2D map.
With reference to Figure 13, show the embodiment of channel mapping.Only show the channel of single feeder line spot beam 225 and single service point wave beam 205, but embodiment can comprise many spot beams 225,205 (for example, different embodiment can have for example 60,80,100,120 every type spot beam 225,205).Forward channel 800 comprises n the subchannel 808 that advances to service point wave beam 205 from gateway antennas 110.Each user terminal 130 can be assigned with one or more subchannels 808.M the back channel 900 that MF-TDMA channel 912 is formed between user terminal (ST) antenna 125 and the feeder line spot beam 225.
Below with reference to Fig. 3, show the embodiment of the ground system 300 that comprises a plurality of gateways 115 with the block diagram form.For example, an embodiment can have 15 has source gateway 115 (with possible standby gateway) to generate 60 service point wave beams.Ground system 300 comprises a plurality of gateways 115 that are connected to antenna 110 respectively.All gateways 115 are connected to for example network 120 of internet.Network is used to collect the information of user terminal.In addition, each SMTS uses network 120 or other not shown means to come and other SMTS and Internet traffic.
Each gateway 115 comprises transceiver 305, SMTS 310 and router three 25.Transceiver 305 comprise reflector and receiver the two.In this embodiment, reflector obtains baseband signal, and this baseband signal is carried out up-conversion and amplification, is used for the transmission by the downstream uplink 135 of antenna 110.Receiver carries out down-conversion and tuning with other processing as described below to this upstream downlink 140.SMTS 310 processing signals are with permission user terminal requests and reception information, and SMTS 310 is forward direction and back channel 800,900 scheduling bandwidths.In addition, SMTS 310 provides configuration information and receives the state of user terminal 130.Information any request or back is all passed through router three 25 and is transmitted.
With reference to Figure 11, show the embodiment of gateway receiver 1100.The embodiment of this receiver 1100 handles four back channels 900 of four different business spot beams 205.Can use antenna polarization and/or filtering 1104 in four paths, to divide back channel 900.Each back channel is connected to low noise amplifier (LNA) 1108.Down-conversion 1112 drops to signal mixing its intermediate frequency.A plurality of tuners 1116 separate each upstream subchannel 912 from signal.In SMTS 310, carry out further and handle.
Below with reference to Figure 10, show the embodiment of gateway reflector 1000.Receive the downstream channel 800 of intermediate frequency from SMTS 310.By the path of separating, use two different carrier frequencies to come each downstream channel 800 is carried out up-conversion 1004.Power amplifier 1008 increased the amplitude of forward channel 900 before being connected to antenna 110.The signal of 110 pairs of separation of antenna polarizes and keeps four forward channels 800 inequality when they are passed to satellite 105.
With reference to figure 4, show the embodiment of SMTS 310 with the block diagram form.The gateway that separates on a plurality of geography 115 pairs inbound (inbound) and (outbound) link 135,140 that sets off are finished Base-Band Processing.Each SMTS 310 is divided into two parts usually, is specially, and sends information to the downstream data flow part 305 of satellite 105 and receives the upstream part 315 of information from satellite 105.
(Downstream, DS) blade (blade) 412 obtains information from construction of switch (Switch Fabric) 416 to downstream data flow part 305 by a plurality of downstream data flows.In a plurality of downlink data flow-generators 408, divide DS blade 412.This embodiment comprises four downlink data flow-generators 408, each downstream channel 800 corresponding downlink data flow-generator 408.For example, this embodiment uses the 500MHz spectral range of four separation with different frequency and/or polarization.Four dispersive modulators (Four ColorModulator) 436 have respectively the modulator for each DS generator 408.The modulated signal of intermediate frequency is coupled to the transmitter portion 1000 of transceiver 305.In four downlink data flow-generators 408 of this embodiment each has J virtual DS blade 412.
The upstream part 315 of SMTS 310 receives and handles from satellite 105 with the base band intermediate frequency.After the base band upstream signal of 1100 pairs of four separation of receiver portion of transceiver 305 produced all subchannels 912, each subchannel 912 was coupled to different demodulator 428.Some embodiment can comprise switch before demodulator 428, thereby allowed to forward arbitrary return link subchannel 912 to arbitrary demodulator 428 to allow dynamically redistributing between four back channels 908.A plurality of demodulators are specifically designed to upstream, and (Upstream, US) blade 424.
RM/LB piece 420 distributes the traffic among US and the DS blade.By communicating by letter with other RM/LB pieces 420 among other SMTS 310, each RM/LB piece 420 can be redistributed user terminal 130 and channel 800,900 to other gateways 115.Can for example, be deficient in resources and/or the load consideration owing to such the redistributing of reason generation arbitrarily.In this embodiment, in a plurality of RM/LB pieces 420, make this decision with distributed way, but other embodiment can by a main MR/LB piece or at certain other center determination means make this decision.For example, redistributing of user terminal 130 can be used overlapping service point wave beam 205.
Below with reference to Fig. 5, show the embodiment of satellite 105 with the block diagram form.Satellite 105 among this embodiment uses 60 feeder lines to communicate by letter with whole ST 130 with 15 gateways 115 with service point wave beam 225,205.Other embodiment can use or more or less gateway/spot beam.For example using, the energy of chemical fuel, nuclear fuel and/or sonar energy provides Pasteur (buss) energy 512.Satellite controller 516 is used to keep attitude (attitude) and controls satellite 105 from other aspects.Can upload the software upgrading of satellite 105 from gateway 115, and carry out this software upgrading by satellite controller 506.
With reference to figure 6A, show the embodiment of the upstream transponder 504 of satellite 105 with the block diagram form.All return link information conducts that receiver and low-converter (Rx/DC) piece 616 receives for the zone that is defined by spot beam 205 transform to intermediate frequency (IF) analog signal before.All there is Rx/DC piece 616 in each professional spot beam zone 205.IF switch 612 is routed to specified upstream data flow downlink channel with particular baseband signal from Rx/DC piece 616.Use upconverter and travelling-wave tube amplifier (UC/TWTA) piece 620 to fill the upstream downlink channel.Can change frequency and/or polarity by this processing, make that each upstream channel can be by the satellite 105 of bend pipe form.
In upstream transponder 504, each gateway 115 is distributed four special-purpose UC/TWTA pieces 620.In the present embodiment, two of four special-purpose UC/TWTA pieces 620 in the first frequency range operation, and two in the second frequency range operation.In addition, two are used right-hand polarization, and two are used left-handed polarization.Between two polarization and two frequencies, satellite 105 can be communicated by letter with each gateway 115 by the upstream downlink channel of four separation (separate).
Below with reference to Fig. 6 B, show the embodiment of downstream translator 508 with the block diagram form.Each gateway 115 has four downstream uplink channels to satellite 105 by using two frequency ranges and two kinds polarization.Rx/DC piece 636 obtains analog signal and is intermediate frequency with this signal transformation.All there is Rx/DC piece 636 in whole 60 downstream uplink channels from 15 gateways 115.The particular channel 800 that IF switch 612 connects from gateway 115 to specific transactions spot beam 205.Each IF signal from switch 628 is modulated and amplification by UC/TWTA piece 632.Antenna use spot beam with signal broadcasting to the user terminal 130 that takies spot beam zone.Identical with upstream transponder 504, downstream translator 508 can change the carrier frequency and the polarization of specific downstream channel with the bend pipe form.
Fig. 7 comprises the block diagram of representing one group of subscriber equipment 700, and subscriber equipment 700 can be positioned at customer location to receive and to send signal of communication.For example, the element of this group subscriber equipment 700 comprises antenna 125, the user terminal 130 and the Any user end equipment (CPE) 160 of being correlated with, and ustomer premises access equipment 160 can be computer, network etc.
In the present embodiment, RF front end 705 has transmission and receiving function.Receiving function comprises the amplification (for example, by low noise amplifier (LNA)) to the signal that receives.This amplifying signal of down-conversion (for example, using frequency mixer to merge) then with amplifying signal with from the signal of local oscillator (LO).This down signals can be exaggerated by RF front end 705 before the processing of carrying out superframe 804 by subchannel filter 702 once more.Select the subclass of each superframe 804 by subchannel filter 702 from downstream channel 800, for example, one or more subchannels 808 are used for further processing by filtering.
Can use various modulation and coding techniques at user terminal 130, be used for from satellite signal that receives and the signal that is sent to satellite.In the present embodiment, modulation technique comprises BPSK, QPSK, 8PSK, 16APSK, 32PSK.In other embodiments, extra modulation technique can comprise ASK, FSK, MFSK and QAM, and various analogue technique.Demodulator 710 can the demodulation down signals, and the subchannel after the demodulation 808 is forwarded to filter 706 to give the data of specific user terminal 130 with planning and other information of subchannel 808 are peeled off.
Isolate the agreement that the protocol conversion that downstream data flow protocol conversion device 718 will be used for satellite link becomes DOCSIS MAC piece 726 to use in case will go to the information of specific user terminal 130.Optional embodiment can be used WiMAX MAC piece or combination DOCSIS/WiMAC piece.The pulses switch that Rx buffer memory 712 is used for receiving at a high speed is DOCSIS MAC piece 726 manageable low rate data streams.DOCSISMAC piece 726 is to receive the DOCSIS data flow and manage this data flow to be used for the circuit of CPE 160.The task that DOCSIS MAC piece 726 is managed for example supply, Bandwidth Management, access control, quality of service etc.CPE can use Ethernet, WiFi, USB and/or other standard interfaces to be connected with DOCSIS MAC piece 726 usually.In certain embodiments, can use WiMAX piece 726 to replace DOCSIS MAC piece 726 to allow to use the WiMAX agreement.
It should be noted that equally, though the packet that downstream data flow protocol conversion device 718 and upstream protocol conversion device 722 can be used for receiving is transformed into DOCSIS or the compatible frame of WiMAX to be handled by MAC piece 726, these converters in many examples not necessarily.For example, in the embodiment that does not use based on the element of DOCSIS or WiMAX, the agreement that is used for satellite link also can be compatible and do not carry out such conversion with MAC piece 726, and can get rid of converter 718,722 thus.
The various functions of controller 715 managing user terminals 130.Controller 715 can monitor various decoding of the prior art, interweaves, decoding and descrambling technology.Controller can also be managed the function that can be applicable to data signal and that handle with one or more CPE 160 exchanges.CPE 160 can comprise one or more user terminals, for example personal computer, kneetop computer or other calculation elements arbitrarily of the prior art.
As mentioned above, can be in various signals of communication with data from CPE 160 by the user terminal 130 up satellites 105 that are sent to.Thus, CPE 160 can be sent to data DOCSIS MAC piece 726, to be converted to the DOCSIS agreement before upstream protocol converter 722 translation protocol.Low speed data is waited in Tx buffer memory 716 up to its link pulse transmission via satellite.
The data of Chu Liing send to modulator 725 from Tx buffer memory 716 then, use a kind of technology in the aforesaid technology to come the data of modulation treatment here.In certain embodiments, can in these transmission, use self adaptation or variable coding and modulation technique.Particularly, according to 105 signal quality specification, combination or " mould sign indicating number (modcode) " of different modulating and coding can be used for the different pieces of information bag from antenna 125 to satellite.For example block up other factors of problem of network and satellite also can be to determine factor.Can be from satellite or other source received signal quality information, and can make in controller this locality or the long-range various decisions of making about mould sign indicating number application.RF front end 705 can amplify signal with up-conversion modulation to transfer to satellite by antenna 125 then.
The satellite framework
According to embodiments of the invention, proposed to be used to set up the novel framework of multi-beam satellite system with the forward link that connects gateway and user terminal and return link.Accompanying drawing shows such multi-beam satellite system.For example, with reference to Figure 1A and Figure 1B, gateway 115 105 is sent to one or more user terminals among the user terminal 130-a to 130-n with forward link signal via satellite.Here, forward link refers to signal and is sent to one or more user terminals from gateway.Such gateway to user's signal is also referred to as the downstream data flow signal sometimes.In the opposite direction, one or more user terminal 130-a send one or more return link signals to 130-n to gateway 115.Such user is also sometimes referred to as the upstream signal to the signal of gateway.
One in many application of the system shown in Figure 1A and 1B can be to provide network insertion (for example internet access) to user terminal.For example, user terminal 130-a can 105 use return link (upstream) signal (145-a, 140) to send network requests to gateway 115 via satellite, thereby request is at the webpage on the internet.Gateway 115 responds by the webpage of being asked from network 120 search, and network 120 can be directly or is connected to the internet indirectly.Gateway 115 105 uses forward link (downstream data flow) signal (135,150) to send the webpage of being asked to user terminal 130-a via satellite then, finishes web-page requests and response thus.As those of ordinary skill in the art is known, in this processing, can carry out the procotol operation of different layers.
According to embodiments of the invention, satellite 105 comprises the bend pipe repeater, and this bend pipe repeater receives one or more signals and may after frequency inverted and polarity modification this signal be sent it back ground from ground.For example, can send from satellite 105 with different frequency and/or polarity with each signal that characteristic frequency or polarity receive at satellite 105.This bend pipe repeater also can provide handover operation, make different " feeder signals " (promptly, send to the signal of gateway or the signal that sends from gateway) can be switched to be connected to different " service signal " (that is, sending to the signal of user terminal or the signal that sends from user terminal).The bend pipe relay will not be demodulated into the data of bit for example at the signal that satellite receives and not modulate these data again and be used for transmission.This is opposite with the processing repeater, and the processing repeater can be carried out such mediation of separating and modulate the increase that obtains the error correction performance again.Even handle repeater is commercial available, but adopts the optimum efficiency of bend pipe repeater in can obtaining forward link and return link being communicated by letter according to embodiments of the invention.
With reference to figure 6B, as can be implemented in the satellite element that downstream direction from the gateway to the user terminal is used to handle forward link shown in according to one embodiment of present invention.Here, 15 gateways are together to 60 forward link signals of satellite transmission.Particularly, each gateway utilizes antenna transmission to comprise the uplink feeder beam of four different forward link signals.The various combination of service band and polarization sends each of four forward link signals.As previously mentioned, the combination of each uniqueness is called as specific " color ".Receive each forward link signal at satellite at specific receiver module 636.Each receiver module 636 can comprise receiver, low noise amplifier (LNA) for example, and low-converter (DC) is arranged at low noise amplifier (LNA) afterwards, and this low-converter is transformed to for example frequency easily of intermediate frequency (IF) with forward link signal.
According to embodiments of the invention, each forward link signal is a broadband signal.Here, term " broadband " is used for the situation of satellite communication, and specifically refers to and have the signal of 250MHz bandwidth at least.For example, in the present embodiment, each forward link signal is broadband signal and the bandwidth with 500MHz.
Forward link signal is connected to appropriate sending module 632 by switch 628 then.Sending module can comprise upconverter (UC), and satellite-based transmission amplifier is arranged at upconverter (UC) afterwards, upconverter with IF forward link signal up-conversion to the frequency that is suitable for transmitting.According to embodiments of the invention, satellite-based transmission amplifier can be travelling-wave tube amplifier (TWTA), and it amplifies signal as single-carrier signal effectively.Here, each satellite-based transmission amplifier is used to and only amplifies a single-carrier signal, and this allows amplifier more effectively to be operated.This design allows the very effective use of satellite-based transmission amplifier.
Thus, each satellite-based transmission amplifier produces the single-carrier signal of amplifying, and uses antenna to send the single-carrier signal of this amplification to form the spot beam that arrives the earth then.Thus, this spot beam has the earth surface overlay area.The user terminal that is in the specific earth surface coverage zone can receive forward link signal.Here, the output by single satellite-based transmission amplifier forms each spot beam.In other words, the output that does not need to merge a plurality of transmission amplifiers forms each spot beam.This has got rid of power loss and has allowed more effectively to operate satellite-based transmission amplifier.
The novelty of the single-carrier signal of each satellite-based transmission amplifier use and on the bend pipe repeater use of the single satellite-based transmission amplifier of each spot beam optimized ratio in satellite data capacity and power consumption, with remarkable improvement from the satellite equipment obtained performance.
The frequency reuse of business and gateway wave beam
According to embodiments of the invention, proposed satellite system and adopted multistage frequency reuse to maximize the use of usable frequency bandwidth.Reuse except applying frequency in a plurality of business beams and to make different business beams can take the common band, system further comes between business beam and feeder beam applying frequency to reuse by gateway is positioned in the zone that separates mutually with the overlay area of business beam.In addition, also can in a plurality of feeder beam, reuse to allow the further increase of spectrum efficiency by applying frequency.In example system discussed below, will explain so multistage frequency reuse in more detail below.
With reference to the example system shown in figure 6A and the 6B, Star Network comprise 15 independently feeder beam to support 60 business beams.Thus, each feeder beam is corresponding to four business beams.Here, all keep this ratio in up link and down link direction.On forward direction, each uplink feeder beam of satellite relay is to generate four downlink traffic wave beams.On the back direction, per four the uplink service wave beams of satellite relay are to generate a downlink feeder beam.Thus, Star Network can be counted as having 15 groups of signals, and every group comprises a uplink feeder beam, a downlink feeder beam, four uplink service wave beams and four downlink traffic wave beams.
Figure 14 represents the frequency reuse plan 400 according to the example of embodiments of the invention employing.Figure 14 represents only to 1 group of frequency reuse in 15 groups of signals discussed above.Yet according to a preferred embodiment of the invention, identical frequency reuse plan 400 can be applied to each group of 15 groups of signals.Particular value shown in Figure 14, for example specified channel is selected as example.Other value also can be used within the scope of the invention.
At first, the uplink feeder beam 4002 that comprises 4 carrier waves is sent to satellite 105 by four various combinations (4 " color ") that utilize foregoing frequency and polarization from gateway terminal 115.Here, use two different 500MHz uplink frequency channel, 27.5GHz-28GHz and 29.5GHz-30GHz, and two different polarization, right-handed circular polarization (RHCP) and left-hand circular polarization (LHCP) form this 4 colors.
Four downlink traffic wave beams 4004 are shown below are sent to user terminal 130 from satellite 105.Four colors shown in the existence are used two different 500MHz downlink frequency channels, 17.7GHz-18.2GHz and 19.7GHz-20.2GHz, and two different polarization RHCP and LHCP form this four colors.Here, because four downlink traffic wave beams 4004 have space diversity (spatial diversity) each other, this helps frequency reuse, for can how to use 4 colors to have different options.In one embodiment, use whole four colors, each color is used for different downlink traffic wave beams 4004.In another embodiment, only use two colors to be used for four downlink traffic wave beams 4004.For example, these two colors of expression (1) 17.7GHz-18.2GHz and LHCP and (2) 17.7GHz-18.2GHz and RHCP can be used to send whole four downlink traffic wave beams 4004.Thus, can use identical 500MHz bandwidth to send downlink traffic wave beam 4004, but give the adjacent downlink traffic wave beam 4004 of physics, allow the wave beam difference of tight spacing each other to come polarity (LHCP and RHCP) alternate allocation.Other variations are possible and are in scope of the present invention.
Four uplink service wave beams 4006 are shown below are sent to satellite 105 from user terminal 130.Here, identical four colors that are used to send uplink feeder beam 4002 can be reused and be sent four uplink service wave beams 4008.Particularly, use two different 500MHz uplink frequency channel, 27.5GHz-28GHz and 29.5GHz-30GHz, and two different polarization RHCP and LHCP form this four colors.This scheme is feasible, is positioned on the earth position different with the user terminal 130 that sends uplink service wave beam 4006 because send the gateway 115 of uplink feeder beam 4002.Thus, even can use identical uplink frequency and polarization to send uplink feeder beam 4002 and uplink service wave beam 4008, receiving uplink feeder beam 4002 that the directional antenna on the satellite 105 also can separate and uplink service wave beam 4008.In addition, because four uplink service wave beams 4006 have space diversity each other, this is convenient to frequency reuse, has different options for can how to use these four colors to send uplink service wave beam 4006.For example, can use whole four colors, perhaps can only use 2, perhaps can adopt some variations.This situation is similar to top description to four downlink traffic wave beams 4004.
Illustrate at last the downlink feeder beam 4008 that comprises four carrier waves by from satellite transmission to gateway terminal.Here, identical four colors that are used to send downlink traffic wave beam 4004 can be reused and be sent downlink feeder beam 4008.Particularly, use two different 500MHz uplink frequency channel, 17.7GHz-18.2GHz and 19.7GHz-20.2GHz, and two different polarization RHCP and LHCP form this four colors.This scheme is feasible, because the gateway of receiving downlink feeder beam 4008 is positioned at positions different with the user terminal of receiving downlink business beam 4004 on the earth.That is, gateway be arranged in can receiving downlink feeder beam 4008 the feeder beam overlay area.User terminal 130 be arranged in dividually can receiving downlink business beam 4004 the business beam overlay area.Thus, downlink feeder beam 4008 can be reused identical down-link frequencies and polarization with downlink traffic wave beam 4004, and still the recipient by expection separately receives.
As previously mentioned, can use identical frequency reuse plan 400 to each group of 15 groups of signals.That is, the whole system that comprises 4004,60 uplink service wave beams 4006 of 4002,60 downlink traffic wave beams of 15 uplink feeder beam and 15 downlink feeder beam 4008 can adopt identical frequency reuse plan 400 simultaneously.This be by utilize the space diversity that may exist in 60 business beam 205 overlay areas, by 15 feeder beam 225 overlay areas being located enough far away and by locating 15 feeder beam 225 overlay areas to such an extent that enough far obtain each other from 60 business beam 205 overlay areas.Thus, realize the frequency reuse of three different stages.At first, between business beam, realize frequency reuse.Secondly, between business beam and feeder beam, realize frequency reuse.Once more, between feeder beam, realize frequency reuse.
Gateway is arranged away from business beam
According to embodiments of the invention, proposed to have the satellite system 100 of effective layout of gateway terminal 115.As previously mentioned, the space diversity between gateway and the user terminal helps the frequency reuse between business beam 205 and the feeder beam 225.Equally, the space diversity between the gateway also helps the frequency reuse between the feeder beam 225.The layout of gateway can be considered these and other factors.
In one embodiment, a plurality of different business wave beams 205 overlay areas (for example 60 business beam overlay areas) can be designed to only provide the selected part of tactic to cover to the overlay area.Generally speaking, provide the typical satellite system of communication to attempt to obtain whole coverings, make professional available whole zone to the geographic area.Yet according to present embodiment of the present invention, satellite system can be designed as only provides the selected part of tactic to cover to the specific region.For example, the overlay area can comprise the region in the western part, east and the south that comprise the U.S..Can select the specified coverage area that business beam 205 is supported by different way.For example, the overlay area can be corresponding to the position of " service not enough " (" underserve "), but it is also unavailable to exist a large amount of population high bandwidth network to insert in such position.
According to embodiments of the invention, one or more gateways are placed away from the overlay area of business beam 205, so that the frequency reuse between business beam 205 and the feeder beam 225.In aforesaid schematic system, suppose that 60 up links and downlink traffic wave beam have the overlay area in the region in western part, east and the south of crossing over the U.S..Then 15 gateways are placed on region, for example the middle part of the U.S. away from the covering region of business beam.
In addition, may need to place a plurality of gateways 115 (for example 15 gateways) enough far away each other, make and between different feeder beam 225, further to adopt frequency reuse.For example, the minimum range between each gateway 115 and its any neighboring gateway may need to be placed with 400 kilometers.Thus, neighboring gateway can be used identical channel and be not interfering with each other.
The further possible restriction of the layout of gateway 115 is related to and the physical proximity of high frequency band Web portal more.For example, can connect placement gateway 115 near fiber optic network.This allows gateway to have fast and the network insertion of robust (Robust), and making needs the data communication of access network not to be disturbed.According to one embodiment of present invention, except other needs, each gateway is placed on apart from fiber optic network and connects in 50 kilometers distances.
Another possible restriction to the layout of gateway 115 relates to regional weather form.Gateway may need to be placed on and experiences the decline zone of (rain fade) of light rain.Illustrate, each gateway 115 may need to be placed on the whole rain on the uplink frequency decline for 99.99% the position of time less than the decline of 10dB.This has further limited the selection of the possible position of gateway terminal.
Thus, according to embodiments of the invention, the layout of gateway 115 may be considered for example aforesaid a plurality of factors.May make the placement of gateway 115 have more challenge though satisfy so a plurality of restrictions, adopt the easier overall performance that obtains brilliance of system of such restriction.
The back of the body is carried the satellite payload on the back
According to an embodiment, the part of the total Pasteur's power (buss power) on the communication satellite is used to support the satellite communication system 100 of version of the present invention.This technology is known as " back of the body is carried (piggy-back) on the back " pattern, allows aforesaid whole satellite communication system or its part by the satellite support of also carrying other communication payloads.For example, if particular satellite has total Pasteur's power of available 15 kilowatts (KW), and this satellite had the payload of existing consumption 13KW Pasteur power, also remains unnecessary Pasteur's power of 2KW so on satellite.According to one embodiment of present invention, can realize aforesaid satellite system or its part by using remaining 2KW Pasteur power.Thus, use the 2KW Pasteur power of the surplus on the aforesaid communication satellite to be configured in the example system that 8 business beams and 2 corresponding feeder beam are arranged on forward direction and the return link direction.
Additional payload can make up independently satellite communication system.Alternatively, Fu Jia payload can make up a part of satellite system.For example, as mentioned above, whole satellite system can be used the feeder beam of 60 business beams 205 and 15 correspondences in forward link and return link direction.The part of such system can be corresponding to 8 business beams on aforementioned forward direction and return link direction and the feeder beam of 2 correspondences.All the feature of satellite system shows in the system in fact in this section.
Additional payload can adopt the structure that is similar to the independent satellite framework of describing among the aforesaid embodiment.For example, at forward link direction, (for example can comprise four signals from gateway 115 to each feeder beam 225 that satellite 105 sends, by four " color " expression), these four signals produce the single-carrier signal of 4 separation that send as the disassociation service spot beam from satellite to arrive user terminal.Can adopt other satellite architectural features to be used for using similarly in the system that realizes as additional payload.
Different execution modes is possible.As the purpose of example an execution mode is described briefly below.Here, Fu Jia payload comprises the Ka packet that be introduced into existing satellite buying.Such system can come balanced design with a very high level, makes packet minimize the influence of physical Design, layout, weight and the power of whole design of satellites.The example market of this additional payload can be consumer's broadband market.This packet can have 10 spot beams, each spot beam when sending and receive for the half-power beam width of approximate 0.35 degree (Half Power Beam Width, HPBW).The TWTA redundancy should be identical with orbital lifetime.This system can utilize two of 10 spot beams being used for feeder link to carry out four looks and reuse.(Effective IsotropicRadiated Power EIRP) can be the every spot beam of 70dBW to the effective isotropic radiated power of packet, and G/T can be the 27dB/ ° of every spot beam of K.Single transceiver (transponder) can be the broadband of 500MHz magnitude.Polarity can be circular, and alternately point can alternately use left-handed and right-hand polarization.Input SFD can be provided with from-105dB to-85dB with the 1dB step.
According to the present invention, by using " back of the body is carried on the back " pattern, add the payload of different sizes thus, to allow effective use of the unnecessary Pasteur's power on the satellite.For example the designated parameter of the number of the spot beam of Shi Shiing can be according to the needs of system and difference.
The self adaptation of satellite uplink wave band is used
According to embodiments of the invention, the self adaptation of applied satellite uplink band is used.A schematic execution mode of such technology allows to use channel flexibly as less important frequency spectrum permission holder's user terminal.Less important frequency spectrum permission holder's the right that sends on assigned frequency band is less important with respect to main frequency spectrum permission holder.That is, no matter when main frequency spectrum permission holder can send signal on its selected frequency band, and is indifferent to other users.On the contrary, only when main frequency spectrum permission holder does not send on designated band, allow less important frequency spectrum permission holder on the frequency band of this appointment, to send.User terminal as less important frequency spectrum holder can utilize the self adaptation of the satellite uplink wave band of describing in different embodiments of the invention to use, to guarantee when detecting another signal, when for example mainly permitting holder's signal, the satellite uplink transmission is moved to different frequency do not disturb mutually with main frequency spectrum permission holder thereby carry out to send redistributing of channel.
Figure 15 represents the example system of the self adaptation use of applied satellite uplink band according to one embodiment of present invention.Here, central location (teleprocessing unit, or remote terminal) 121 controls send the distribution of channel, and receive the channel that user terminal (for example 130-a-1 and 130-a-2) uses.Central location 121 can be connected to gateway 115 by network 120.Central location 121 also can be connected to other gateways thus, with the bigger satellite system of control.In optional embodiment, central location 121 can be contained in the gateway of gateway 115 for example.
The transmission of the Satellite uplink signals 145-a-1 of user terminal 130-a-1 can be actually intermittently in the transmission channel that distributes.For example, uplink signal can transmit the web-page requests of only asking the short pulse data.Thus, can in the time-division cycle of transmission, send Satellite uplink signals.That is, can on the duration, limit the cycle of each transmission.The cycle of transmission can be by not separating from the time that user terminal 130-a-1 sends transmission.
User terminal 130-a-1 can monitor the transmission channel that distributes between the time-division cycle of these transmission of Satellite uplink signals.That is, when user terminal 131-a-1 not when sending, it can monitor other signals from external source that the transmission channel of distribution may exist.Can have dissimilar such external sources, for example land mobile data services (LMDS) user 127.The situation that wherein may cause such scene is that to have utilized LMDS user 127 be that main frequency spectrum permission holder and user terminal 130-a-1 are when being less important frequency spectrum permission holder's the transmission channel of bandwidth when central unit 121 distributes.Thus, if when LMDS user 127 is using the transmission channel of distribution, user terminal 130-a-1 does not use this channel.
Except monitoring the transmission channel that distributes, user terminal 130-a-1 also monitors at least one out of band channel different with the transmission channel that distributes.For example, user terminal 130-a-1 can also monitor one or more adjacent channels.Adjacent channel can be included in transmission channel a plurality of channels on every side of distribution.These channels can comprise the channel with the transmission channel of current distribution next-door neighbour, and other channels.The supervision of out of band channel helps to detect other signals in the wideer frequency range, and for example signal 128.Relevant for can be by the potential signal transmission frequency spectra that is used in of user terminal 130-a-1, this information allows to form more complete picture.
In one embodiment, user terminal 130-a-1 uses the first antenna 125-a-1 to send and receiving satellite signal, and uses the second antenna 126-a-1 to carry out the supervision of channel.Here, this double antenna is arranged and is allowed more easily to implement.The first antenna 125-a-1 can be the parabolic reflector antenna that points to satellite 150.Thus, first antenna is suitable for sending and receiving satellite signal.The second antenna 126-a-2 can be the dipole antenna that designs for ground signal.Secondary signal can be suitable for detecting the ground signal of advancing along horizontal direction well, for example the signal 128 that sends from LMDS user 127.This only is an example arrangement.Can carry out modification within the scope of the invention.
When the signal that for example detects from LMDS user 127 for example signal 128, user terminal 130-a-1 notifies central location 121.This observed result of can operation report returning central location 121 is finished.This observed result can generate by different way.As an example, user terminal 130-a-1 can periodically generate observed result automatically.As another example, central location 121 can be asked observed result from user terminal 130-a-1 in appropriate period.In addition, can report observed result with different-format according to execution mode.Form can be Boolean, numerical value etc.In one embodiment, no matter whether detect the existence of another signal, all send observed result.In optional execution mode, just send observed result when only detecting the existing of another signal.
In response, central location 121 can be re-assigned to user terminal 130-a-1 different transmission channels, disturbs mutually with the source of the signal that detects avoiding.In this case, frequency is redistributed the signal 128 that is used to prevent to disturb LMDS user's 127 transmissions that may be main frequency spectrum permission holder.Central location 121 can be determined new transmission channel for user terminal 130-a-1 by different way.In certain embodiments, this determines very simple, does not consider the supervision of carrying out on other user terminals.For example, can there be the default channel that is assigned with.
In other embodiments, this determines to have considered the supervision carried out on other user terminals.Some or all user terminals can be carried out the channel supervision and report back central location 121 with observed result.Central location 121 can determine to have considered that the overall frequency of the needs of a plurality of user terminals distributes then.Thus, can the newly assigned transmission channel part of Frequency Distribution as a whole will be determined to each user terminal.Simple example is described below as example.
Suppose that the current channel X that is dispensed on of user terminal 130-a-1 go up to send Satellite uplink signals, and reported that it observes channel X and most other channels and used by other signals (for example from LMDS user signal 128) and only have a specific channel Y not used by other signals.Further the current channel Y that is dispensed on of hypothesis user terminal 130-a-2 goes up the transmission Satellite uplink signals, and has reported that it observes channel Y and most other channels are not used by other signals.In response, central location 121 can be determined that optimum overall frequency is distributed and comprise user terminal 130-a-2 is re-assigned to transmission channel except Y, thereby channel Y can be assigned to user terminal 130-a-1.For example, user terminal 132-a-2 can be redistributed into channel X, and user terminal 130-a-1 can be redistributed into channel Y., allows two user terminal operations and do not disturb other to represent main frequency spectrum to permit holder's signal user terminal is reached the Combined Frequency plan by the observation considering to make at two user terminals.Certainly, this only relates to the simple case of two user terminals.The Frequency Distribution that relates to the more users terminal is also contained in the scope of the present invention.
It should be noted that system discussed above, method and software are in fact only as example.Must emphasize that different embodiment can omit rightly, substitute or increase different processing or element.For example, be to be appreciated that in optional embodiment, can add, omit or merge different steps to be different from above-mentioned order manner of execution.Equally, the feature of describing for certain embodiment also can with other different embodiment combinations.The different aspects and the assembly that can merge embodiment in a similar manner.In addition, should be emphasized that technology is in development, many thus assemblies only are used for example and should be interpreted as limiting the scope of the invention.
In specification, provided specific detail so that the complete understanding of embodiment to be provided.Yet, will be understood by those skilled in the art that embodiment can not need these specific detail and is implemented.For example, show known circuit, processing, algorithm, result and technology and do not have unnecessary details, to avoid indigestion embodiment.
In addition, be to be further noted that embodiment can be described to the processing by flow chart, structure chart or block diagram representation.Though program process when they can be described as operation, many operations can walk abreast or generation simultaneously.In addition, the order of operation can be rearranged.Processing stops when complete operation, has the extra step that does not comprise in the drawings but handle.
In addition, can represent one or more devices that are used to store data at this term " storage medium " or " storage device ", comprise that read-only memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), magnetic ram, core memory, magnetic disk storage medium, optical storage media, flash memory device or other are used for the computer-readable medium of stored information.Term " computer-readable medium " is including, but not limited to portable or fixed-storage device, light storage device, wireless channel, SIM card, other smart cards, and various other media that can store, comprise or carry instruction or data.
In addition, can make up by hardware, software, firmware, middleware, microcode, hardware description language or its and realize embodiment.When realizing, carry out in the machine readable media that the program code of necessary task or code segment can be stored in storage medium for example with software, firmware, middleware or microcode.Processor can be carried out necessary task.
Described some embodiment, those of ordinary skill in the art is to be appreciated that and can uses various modifications, optional structure or equivalence to replace and do not depart from spirit of the present invention.For example, top assembly can only be the element of bigger system, and wherein other rules can be replaced original rule or be revised application of the present invention.In addition, can consider to need a plurality of steps before the said modules.Thus, top description should not be considered to limit the scope of the present invention that is defined by claim.
Claims (35)
1. method that is used at geostationary satellite system communication data, described method comprises:
Use the common uplink channel to receive a plurality of uplink service wave beams at geostationary satellite place, each of described a plurality of uplink service wave beams is associated with the different business beam coverage area, and described different business beam overlay area forms the combination services beam coverage area together;
Use the common downlink channel to send a plurality of downlink traffic wave beams by geostationary satellite;
At geostationary satellite place from being arranged in the uplink feeder beam that is received in the common uplink channel to the gateway of small part and the nonoverlapping feeder beam of composite service beam coverage area overlay area, and, form a plurality of downlink traffic wave beams in response to the receiving uplink feeder beam; And
Formation is in response to the downlink feeder beam of described a plurality of uplink service wave beams, and sends downlink feeder beam by geostationary satellite in the common downlink channel.
2. method according to claim 1, wherein, at least one uplink feeder beam comprises a plurality of uplink feeder beam, and at least one downlink feeder beam comprises a plurality of downlink feeder beam, wherein, come to a plurality of uplink feeder beam of satellite transmission by further reusing at least one common uplink channel again, and come from a plurality of downlink feeder beam of satellite transmission by further reusing at least one common downlink channel again.
3. method according to claim 1, wherein, at least one uplink feeder beam comprises 4 carrier waves, at least one common uplink channel comprises that each can both be by two channels of right-handed circular polarization and left-hand circular polarization differentiation, forming 4 unique combination of frequency and polarization, and in 4 unique combination of each frequency of utilization of described 4 carrier waves and polarization one sends.
4. method according to claim 1, wherein, at least one downlink feeder beam comprises 4 carrier waves, at least one common downlink channel comprises that each can both be by two channels of right-handed circular polarization and left-hand circular polarization differentiation, forming 4 unique combination of frequency and polarization, and in 4 unique combination of each frequency of utilization of described 4 carrier waves and polarization one sends.
5. method according to claim 1, wherein, each uplink service wave beam comprises 1 carrier wave, at least one common uplink channel comprises that each can both be by two channels of right-handed circular polarization and left-hand circular polarization differentiation, forming 4 unique combination of frequency and polarization, and in 4 unique combination of each carrier wave frequency of utilization of uplink service wave beam and polarization one sends.
6. method according to claim 1, wherein, each downlink traffic wave beam comprises 1 carrier wave, at least one common downlink channel comprises that each can both be by two channels of right-handed circular polarization and left-hand circular polarization differentiation, forming 4 unique combination of frequency and polarization, and in 4 unique combination of each carrier wave frequency of utilization of downlink traffic wave beam and polarization one sends.
7. method according to claim 1, wherein, at least one common uplink channel comprises the channel of 500MHz.
8. method according to claim 1, wherein, described at least one common downlink channel comprises the channel of 500MHz.
9. geostationary satellite that is used for communication data, described geostationary satellite comprises:
First receiver, be used to use the common uplink channel to receive a plurality of uplink service wave beams, each of described a plurality of uplink service wave beams is associated with the different business beam coverage area, and described different business beam overlay area forms the combination services beam coverage area together;
First reflector is used to use the common downlink channel to send a plurality of downlink traffic wave beams;
Second receiver is used for the uplink feeder beam that is received in the common uplink channel to the gateway of small part and the nonoverlapping feeder beam of composite service beam coverage area overlay area from being positioned at;
Processor, be connected with second receiver and first reflector with first receiver, be used for forming a plurality of downlink traffic wave beams and form downlink feeder beam in response to receiving a plurality of uplink service wave beams in response to the receiving uplink feeder beam; And
Second reflector is connected with processor, is used for sending downlink feeder beam at the common downlink channel.
10. geostationary satellite according to claim 9, wherein, at least one uplink feeder beam comprises a plurality of uplink feeder beam, and at least one downlink feeder beam comprises a plurality of downlink feeder beam, wherein, come to a plurality of uplink feeder beam of satellite transmission by further reusing at least one common uplink channel again, and come from a plurality of downlink feeder beam of satellite transmission by further reusing at least one common downlink channel again.
11. geostationary satellite according to claim 9, wherein, at least one uplink feeder beam comprises 4 carrier waves, at least one common uplink channel comprises that each can both be by two channels of right-handed circular polarization and left-hand circular polarization differentiation, forming 4 unique combination of frequency and polarization, and in 4 unique combination of each frequency of utilization of described 4 carrier waves and polarization one sends.
12. geostationary satellite according to claim 9, wherein, at least one downlink feeder beam comprises 4 carrier waves, at least one common downlink channel comprises that each can both be by two channels of right-handed circular polarization and left-hand circular polarization differentiation, forming 4 unique combination of frequency and polarization, and in 4 unique combination of each frequency of utilization of described 4 carrier waves and polarization one sends.
13. geostationary satellite according to claim 9, wherein, each uplink service wave beam comprises 1 carrier wave, at least one common uplink channel comprises that each can both be by two channels of right-handed circular polarization and left-hand circular polarization differentiation, forming 4 unique combination of frequency and polarization, and in 4 unique combination of each carrier wave frequency of utilization of uplink service wave beam and polarization one sends.
14. geostationary satellite according to claim 9, wherein, each downlink traffic wave beam comprises 1 carrier wave, at least one common downlink channel comprises that each can both be by two channels of right-handed circular polarization and left-hand circular polarization differentiation, forming 4 unique combination of frequency and polarization, and in 4 unique combination of each carrier wave frequency of utilization of downlink traffic wave beam and polarization one sends.
15. geostationary satellite according to claim 9, wherein, at least one common uplink channel comprises the channel of 500MHz.
16. geostationary satellite according to claim 9, wherein, described at least one common downlink channel comprises the channel of 500MHz.
17. a geostationary satellite that is used for communication data, described geostationary satellite comprises:
First receiving device, be used to use the common uplink channel to receive a plurality of uplink service wave beams, each of described a plurality of uplink service wave beams is associated with the different business beam coverage area, and described different business beam overlay area forms the combination services beam coverage area together;
Be used to use the common downlink channel to send the device of a plurality of downlink traffic wave beams;
Second receiving system, be connected to dispensing device, be used for the uplink feeder beam that is received in the common uplink channel to the gateway of small part and the nonoverlapping feeder beam of composite service beam coverage area overlay area from being positioned at, and form a plurality of downlink traffic wave beams in response to the receiving uplink feeder beam;
Be connected to the device of first receiving device, form downlink feeder beam in response to described a plurality of uplink service wave beams, and in the common downlink channel, send downlink feeder beam.
18. a geostationary satellite comprises:
A plurality of user terminals, be used to set up the composite services wave beam, described composite services wave beam comprises uplink service wave beam and user terminal that uses the common downlink channel and the downlink traffic wave beam between the geostationary satellite that uses the common uplink channel, each downlink traffic wave beam is associated with the different business beam coverage area, and described different business beam overlay area forms the combination services beam coverage area together;
Gateway, be used on the common uplink channel, setting up and the corresponding uplink feeder beam of downlink traffic wave beam, and the corresponding downlink feeder beam of uplink service wave beam between foundation and gateway on the common downlink channel and geostationary satellite, downlink feeder beam be associated with the nonoverlapping feeder beam of composite service beam coverage area overlay area to small part.
19. a geostationary satellite comprises:
Downstream translator is used for:
Between geostationary satellite and a plurality of user terminal, set up a plurality of composite services wave beams, each composite services wave beam comprises uplink service wave beam and downlink traffic wave beam, each downlink traffic wave beam is associated with the different business beam coverage area, described different business beam coverage area forms the composite services beam coverage area together
On the common downlink channel from geostationary satellite transmission downlink traffic wave beam,
On the common uplink channel at geostationary satellite place receiving uplink business beam; And
The upstream transponder is used for:
Between geostationary satellite and gateway, set up uplink feeder beam and downlink feeder beam, downlink feeder beam be associated to the nonoverlapping feeder beam overlay area of separating of small part and composite service beam coverage area,
Receiving uplink feeder beam on the common uplink channel,
Form a plurality of downlink traffic wave beams from uplink feeder beam,
From a plurality of uplink service wave beams form downlink feeder beam and
On the common downlink channel, send downlink feeder beam.
20. a geostationary satellite comprises:
Be used between geostationary satellite and a plurality of user terminal, setting up the device of composite services wave beam, each composite services wave beam comprises uplink service wave beam and downlink traffic wave beam, each downlink traffic wave beam is associated with the different business beam coverage area, and described different business beam coverage area forms the composite services beam coverage area together;
Be used on the common downlink channel first dispensing device from geostationary satellite transmission downlink traffic wave beam;
Be used on the common uplink channel device at geostationary satellite place receiving uplink business beam;
Be used between geostationary satellite and gateway, setting up the device of uplink feeder beam and downlink feeder beam, downlink feeder beam be associated to the nonoverlapping feeder beam overlay area of separating of small part and composite service beam coverage area;
The device that is used for receiving uplink feeder beam on the common uplink channel;
Be connected to first dispensing device, be used for forming the device of a plurality of downlink traffic wave beams from uplink feeder beam;
Be used for forming the device of downlink feeder beam from a plurality of uplink service wave beams; And
Second dispensing device is connected to the device that is used to form downlink feeder beam, is used for sending downlink feeder beam on the common downlink channel.
21. a geostationary satellite comprises:
First antenna is used for:
Between satellite and a plurality of user terminal, set up a plurality of composite services wave beams, each composite services wave beam comprises uplink service wave beam and downlink traffic wave beam, each downlink traffic wave beam is associated with the different business beam coverage area, to form a plurality of business beams overlay area;
On the common downlink channel from satellite transmission downlink traffic wave beam;
On the common uplink channel at satellite place receiving uplink business beam,
Second antenna is used for:
Set up uplink feeder beam and downlink feeder beam between satellite and gateway, downlink feeder beam is associated with the feeder beam overlay area of separating with a plurality of business beams overlay area to small part;
Receiving uplink feeder beam on the common uplink channel;
On the common downlink channel, send downlink feeder beam,
And,
Be connected to a plurality of on-frequency repeaters of first and second antennas, be used for:
Form a plurality of downlink traffic wave beams from uplink feeder beam;
Form downlink feeder beam from a plurality of uplink service wave beams;
Frequency forwarding uplink feeder beam and a plurality of uplink service wave beams one or more.
22. a method that is used to operate geostationary satellite system comprises:
The a plurality of user terminals in location in a plurality of business beam coverages;
By using the common uplink channel to send a plurality of uplink service wave beams to geostationary satellite from a plurality of user terminals;
By using the common downlink channel from a plurality of downlink traffic wave beams of geostationary satellite transmission, each of a plurality of downlink traffic wave beams and a plurality of business beams overlay area one is relevant;
Locate gateway in the feeder beam overlay area, the feeder beam overlay area is not overlapping with a plurality of business beams overlay area in fact;
In the common uplink channel from gateway to geostationary satellite transmission uplink feeder beam;
In gateway place receiving downlink feeder beam;
In geostationary satellite place receiving uplink feeder beam, and form a plurality of downlink traffic wave beams in response to described uplink feeder beam; And
Receive described a plurality of uplink service wave beam at geostationary satellite place, and form downlink feeder beam in response to described a plurality of uplink service wave beams.
23. method according to claim 22, described gateway are one in a plurality of gateways, each gateway is positioned in one different in a plurality of feeder links overlay area.
24. method according to claim 23, wherein, each of described a plurality of gateways all with described a plurality of gateway terminals in the minimum range separated of each other gateways be 400 kilometers.
25. method according to claim 24, wherein, each of described a plurality of gateway terminals all is placed on fiber optic network and is connected in 50 kilometers distance.
26. method according to claim 25, wherein, each of described a plurality of gateway terminals all is placed on the percentage of time for appointment, and whole rain of common uplink channel decline on the position less than the decline of specified quantitative.
27. method according to claim 26, wherein, the decline of specified quantitative is the decline of 10dB, and the percentage of time of appointment is 99.99% of the time.
28. a system that is used for satellite communication comprises:
A plurality of user terminals of in a plurality of business beam coverages, locating, described a plurality of user terminals are used for:
By using the common uplink channel to send a plurality of uplink service wave beams to geostationary satellite; With
By using the common downlink channel to receive a plurality of downlink traffic wave beams from geostationary satellite, a plurality of downlink traffic wave beams are relevant with a plurality of business beams overlay area; And
The gateway of locating in the feeder beam overlay area, feeder beam overlay area are not overlapping with a plurality of business beams overlay area in fact, and described gateway is used for:
By using the common uplink channel, be used to form the downlink traffic wave beam to geostationary satellite transmission uplink feeder beam; With
By using the common downlink channel to receive the downlink feeder beam that forms from the uplink service wave beam, described downlink feeder beam is relevant with the feeder beam overlay area.
29. system according to claim 28, described gateway is of a plurality of gateways, and each gateway is positioned in one different in a plurality of feeder links overlay area.
30. system according to claim 29, each of described a plurality of gateway terminals all with described a plurality of gateways in the minimum range separated of each other gateways be 400 kilometers.
31. all being placed on fiber optic network, system according to claim 30, each of described a plurality of gateways be connected in 50 kilometers distance.
32. system according to claim 31, each of described a plurality of gateways all are placed on the percentage of time for appointment, whole rain of described at least one common uplink channel decline less than the position of the decline of specified quantitative.
33. system according to claim 32, wherein, the decline of specified quantitative is the decline of 10dB, and the percentage of time of appointment is 99.99% of the time.
34. a system that is used to operate geostationary satellite, a plurality of user terminals are positioned in a plurality of business beam coverages of geostationary satellite, and gateway is positioned in the feeder beam overlay area of geostationary satellite, and described system comprises:
First dispensing device is used for by using the common uplink channel from described a plurality of user terminals a plurality of uplink service wave beams to be sent to geostationary satellite;
Second dispensing device is used for by using the common downlink channel from a plurality of downlink traffic wave beams of geostationary satellite transmission, and each of described a plurality of downlink traffic wave beams and described a plurality of business beams overlay area one is relevant;
The 3rd dispensing device is used at the common uplink channel from gateway to geostationary satellite transmission uplink feeder beam, and the feeder beam overlay area is not overlapping with a plurality of business beams overlay area in fact;
Be used for device in gateway place receiving downlink feeder beam;
Be connected to second dispensing device, be used for receiving uplink feeder beam, and form the device of a plurality of downlink traffic wave beams in response to described uplink feeder beam at geostationary satellite place; And
Be used for receiving described a plurality of uplink service wave beam, and form the device of downlink feeder beam in response to described a plurality of uplink service wave beams at geostationary satellite place.
35. a geostationary satellite comprises:
First antenna is used for:
By using the common uplink channel to receive a plurality of uplink service wave beams from a plurality of user terminals, described a plurality of user terminals are positioned in a plurality of business beams overlay area;
By using the common downlink channel to send a plurality of downlink traffic wave beams, each of described a plurality of downlink traffic wave beams and described a plurality of business beams overlay area one is relevant;
Second antenna is used for:
From gateway receiving uplink feeder beam, gateway is positioned in the feeder beam overlay area in the common uplink channel, and described feeder beam overlay area is not overlapping with a plurality of business beams overlay area in fact; With
Send downlink feeder beam to gateway; And
On-frequency repeater is used for:
In response to uplink feeder beam form a plurality of downlink traffic wave beams and
Form downlink feeder beam in response to the uplink service wave beam.
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| CN108028699A (en) * | 2015-07-24 | 2018-05-11 | 世界卫星有限公司 | The satellite group of LEO, every satellite include being used to make satellite roll axis rotation around it to ensure the gesture stability module of Terrestrial Radio covering |
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| Publication number | Publication date |
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| CN101573894A (en) | 2009-11-04 |
| CN101582715B (en) | 2013-05-15 |
| CN101588200B (en) | 2013-08-21 |
| CN101582715A (en) | 2009-11-18 |
| CN101573894B (en) | 2013-12-04 |
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