CN101585164A - Polishing apparatus - Google Patents
Polishing apparatus Download PDFInfo
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- CN101585164A CN101585164A CNA2008101657960A CN200810165796A CN101585164A CN 101585164 A CN101585164 A CN 101585164A CN A2008101657960 A CNA2008101657960 A CN A2008101657960A CN 200810165796 A CN200810165796 A CN 200810165796A CN 101585164 A CN101585164 A CN 101585164A
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- snap ring
- polished surface
- apical ring
- polissoir
- polishing
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Abstract
A polishing apparatus (1) has a polishing pad (22), a top ring (20) for holding a semiconductor wafer (W), a vertical movement mechanism (24) operable to move the top ring (20) in a vertical direction, a distance measuring sensor (46) operable to detect a position of the top ring (20) when a lower surface of the top ring (20) is brought into contact with the polishing pad (22), and a controller (47) operable to calculate an optimal position of the top ring (20) to polish the semiconductor wafer (W) based on the position detected by the distance measuring sensor (46). The vertical movement mechanism (24) includes a ball screw mechanism (30, 32, 38, 42) operable to move the top ring (20) to the optimal position.
Description
Technical field
The application is according to dividing an application that the patent application of submitting on October 31st, 2,005 200580037559.0 (PCT/JP2005/020334) proposes.
The present invention relates to polissoir, particularly be used for the substrate polissoir of the minute surface workpiece of semiconductor wafer polishing Cheng Ping for example.
Background technology
In recent years, it is more integrated that semiconductor device becomes, and the structure of semiconductor element becomes complicated more.In addition, the multilayer that the is used for flogic system number of plies that interconnects part has also increased.Therefore, the lip-deep irregular part of semiconductor device increases, and is big thereby the lip-deep ladder height of semiconductor device is tending towards becoming.This be because, in semiconductor device fabrication, at first on semiconductor device, form film, on semiconductor device, carry out the micromachining operation then, for example form pattern or hole, and repeat these operations so that on semiconductor equipment, form follow-up film.
When the lip-deep irregular portion of semiconductor device divided number to increase, following problem can appear.When film formed on semiconductor device, the thickness with film that the part place of ladder forms became less relatively.In addition, may form because of disconnection and open circuit, perhaps insulation between the layer is insufficient to cause short circuit owing to interconnecting.Therefore, just can not obtain good quality production, output also tends to reduce.In addition, even the semiconductor device virgin work is normal, the reliability of semiconductor device also can reduce after long-term the use.In the lithography process exposure, if the irradiating surface defective, the lens unit in the exposure system will not focus on the part so.Therefore, if the lip-deep degree of irregularity of semiconductor device increases, will become is difficult in the meticulous pattern of formation itself on the semiconductor device.
In addition, along with the Highgrade integration more that becomes of semiconductor device in recent years, circuit interconnects part and becomes more and more meticulousr and the distance between them also becomes more little.For needing its surface smooth as far as possible for for the wide photoetching that interconnects part of 0.5 μ m at the most,, wherein on this surface, come the focus pattern image by stepper motor (stepper) because the depth of focus of optical system is less relatively.
Therefore, in the manufacture process of semiconductor device, make the surface planeization of semiconductor device more and more become important.One of most important planarization technique is chemically mechanical polishing (CMP).Therefore, used the chemical-mechanical polisher of the surface planeization that is used to make semiconductor wafer.In chemical-mechanical polisher, contain therein abrasive particle for example the polishing fluid of silicon (SiO2) supply to polished surface for example on the polishing pad time, substrate for example semiconductor wafer just with the polished surface sliding-contact, come polished substrate thus.
This class polissoir comprises the polishing platform with the polished surface that forms by polishing pad, and be used for clamp substrate for example semiconductor wafer be known as the substrate clamping device of apical ring (top ring) (substrate clamping device).When using this polissoir polishing of semiconductor wafers, semiconductor wafer just is being held and is being pressed on the polishing platform under the predetermined pressure of apical ring.At this moment, make semiconductor wafer and polished surface sliding-contact thereby polishing platform and apical ring are relative to each other mobile, so that the surface finish of semiconductor wafer is become to have flat mirror finish.
In this polissoir,, polishing pad is tending towards non-homogeneousization thereby having the elasticity extruding force that elasticity is applied on the semiconductor wafer peripheral part.Therefore, thus semiconductor wafer may excessive polishing in the periphery office cause the edge to become circle.In order to prevent that this edge from becoming circle, used apical ring with snap ring, be used for the lateral section of clamping semiconductor wafer and the polished surface that extruding is positioned at semiconductor wafer peripheral part outside.
In addition, when polissoir was used the polishing pad that is formed by resin, polishing pad can and polish owing to finishing and produce wearing and tearing.In this case, for the surface pressure distribution on the semiconductor wafer surface that prevents the apical ring clamping changes, in polishing process, should keep constant distance between the apical ring surface of clamping semiconductor wafer and the polishing pad.When the snap ring of the peripheral part that is provided with the clamping semiconductor wafer, snap ring can wear and tear according to polishing process.When snap ring weares and teares thus, also should between the apical ring surface of clamping semiconductor wafer and polishing pad, keep constant distance during the polishing.
In order to determine in above-mentioned polissoir, whether normally to carry out polishing, need to monitor the extruding force of extruding semiconductor wafer, the concentration and the flow velocity of polishing fluid.Yet for example analytical instrument and particle size distribution measurement device monitor polishing fluid for example also to need plurality of devices.Therefore, just improved the cost of polissoir.In addition, because the wearing and tearing of polishing pad and snap ring, polish profile also can change.Therefore, only monitor that extruding force and polishing fluid can not guarantee fully that polishing process is normally carrying out.
In addition, traditional snap ring is configured to push polished surface along the circumferencial direction of snap ring equably along its total length.Yet, as mentioned above, be flexible because be used to the polishing pad of polished surface is provided, so thereby polishing pad generation strain has produced the resistance of rapid increase in the most external office of snap ring, and this part is positioned at the upstream along the direction of rotation of polishing platform.Therefore, thus snap ring is extruded in the downstream along the direction of rotation of polishing platform and causes the snap ring run-off the straight.In traditional polissoir,, prevent that with regard to the pressure that increases snap ring extruding polished surface semiconductor wafer from separating with apical ring when snap ring thus during run-off the straight.In addition, the heterogencity of the polish profile that causes owing to the inclination of snap ring is along with the equalization of semiconductor wafer rotation increases.
Yet traditional snap ring is difficult to improve the temperature of polishing pad and the controllability of polish profile.Therefore, in order further to improve the controllability of polishing pad temperature and polish profile, need the pressure of control snap ring along the circumferencial direction extruding polished surface of snap ring.
Summary of the invention
In view of top defective has formed the present invention.Therefore, first purpose of the present invention provides a kind of polissoir, and it can polished substrate, simultaneously, even polished surface or the snap ring that is used for the clamp substrate peripheral part also can keep constant distance when wearing and tearing take place between substrate and polished surface.
Second purpose of the present invention provides a kind of polissoir, and the elastic diaphragm that wherein is connected to apical ring can be replaced at an easy rate.
The 3rd purpose of the present invention provides a kind of polissoir, and it can be easy to and use lower cost to determine whether polishing is normally carried out.
The 4th purpose of the present invention provides a kind of polissoir, and it can controlled pressure, snap ring under this pressure along the circumferencial direction extruding polished surface of snap ring.
Provide a kind of polissoir according to a first aspect of the present invention, it can polished substrate, simultaneously, even polished surface or the snap ring that is used for the clamp substrate peripheral part also can keep constant distance when wearing and tearing take place between substrate and polished surface.Polissoir has polished surface, be used for the apical ring of clamp substrate, operationally move in the vertical direction the vertical movement mechanism of apical ring, can operate when contacting with polished surface when the lower surface of apical ring or by the lower surface of the substrate of apical ring clamping the position detector that detects the apical ring position and operationally the detected position of position-based detector calculate the position calculator of the optimum position of apical ring polished substrate.Vertical movement mechanism comprises the motion that operationally apical ring is moved to the optimum position that the position calculator calculated.
Configuration above using is even owing to polishing is worn and torn polished surface, also can keep constant distance during the polishing between apical ring and polished surface.Therefore, the surface pressing of the substrate of apical ring clamping just can be formed uniformly.In addition, use motion, apical ring can accurately move to the optimum position that the pad search procedure is calculated, and this process will be described later.Therefore, substrate can be polished in a kind of state, so just can keep constant distance between polished surface and polished surface.
Position detector can comprise the distance measurement sensor that is used to detect the apical ring position.In this case, polissoir can also comprise the trimmer that is used for trimming polished surface, thereby is used to detect the distance measurement sensor of the position of trimmer when contacting the height change that obtains polished surface with polished surface at trimmer.The operationally mobile apical ring of vertical movement mechanism is so that the variation of polished surface height can be followed in the position of apical ring.Be used for during the finishing of each polishing, distance measurement sensor can be arranged on the wear extent that is used to measure polished surface (polishing pad) on the trimmer axle.
Wish that vertical movement mechanism comprises the motor that is used to move in the vertical direction the ball screw of apical ring and is used to operate ball screw.In this case, wish that also motor comprises AC servomotor.Use AC servomotor, thus can be by the revolution number counting calculating apical ring vertically mobile distance of encoder to motor.Therefore, can obtain the position of apical ring based on calculated distance.
Wish that motor has maximum current so that the torque the when torque of motor is greater than the lower surface contact polished surface of the substrate of the lower surface of apical ring or apical ring clamping during the polishing.Maximum current can reduce before the lower surface contact polished surface of the substrate of the lower surface of apical ring or apical ring clamping.
Position detector can comprise current detector, and this current detector operationally detects the electric current of motor, and determines based on the variation of motor current when the lower surface of the substrate of the lower surface of apical ring or apical ring clamping contacts polished surface.When the position of apical ring was detected by position detector, dummy wafer can be by the apical ring clamping as substrate.
According to a second aspect of the present invention, a kind of polissoir is provided, it can polished substrate, simultaneously, even polished surface or the snap ring that is used for the clamp substrate peripheral part also can keep constant distance when wearing and tearing take place between substrate and polished surface.Thereby polissoir has polished surface, be used for the apical ring of clamp substrate, be used for to polished surface supply with polishing fluid the polishing fluid supply nozzle, be used for penetrating the distance measurement sensor that gas is removed the nozzle of polishing fluid and is used to detect the position of measurement section office polished surface from the measure portion of polished surface to polished surface.
Configuration above using can be removed from the polished surface of measurement section office by penetrating the gas polishing fluid.Laser or ultrasonic wave can be applied to the polished surface of measurement section office from distance measurement sensor.Therefore, laser or ultrasonic wave waterborne reflection the on polishing fluid or polished surface not.Therefore, can accurately detect distance apart from polished surface.Therefore, just can based on and the distance of pad interface keep constant distance between substrate and the polished surface.
According to a third aspect of the present invention, a kind of polissoir is provided, it can polished substrate, simultaneously, even polished surface or the snap ring that is used for the clamp substrate peripheral part also can keep constant distance when wearing and tearing take place between substrate and polished surface.Polissoir has polished surface and is used for the apical ring of clamp substrate.Apical ring has the snap ring of the peripheral part that is used for clamp substrate.Rolling diaphragm is vertically expanded or the passage that shrinks and thereby snap ring comprises the rolling diaphragm that wherein is formed with the balancing gate pit, be used for supplying with fluid to the balancing gate pit according to the vertically mobile annular construction member of rolling diaphragm.Annular construction member contacts with polished surface.
Configuration above using even the annular construction member of snap ring weares and teares, also only has only snap ring to be lowered.Therefore, even the annular construction member of snap ring weares and teares, also can between apical ring and polished surface, keep constant distance.In addition, because deformable rolling diaphragm is connected to the annular construction member that contacts with polished surface, so not because offset load produces moment of flexure.Therefore, the surface pressing that snap ring generates will be even, and snap ring becomes more and may follow polished surface.
Snap ring can also comprise the cylinder that rolling diaphragm wherein is housed, the clamper that is designed to the rolling diaphragm on the gripper cylinder and the piston that can vertically move in cylinder interior.Piston is connected to rolling diaphragm.
According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, a kind of polissoir is provided, the elastic diaphragm that wherein is connected to apical ring can be replaced at an easy rate.Polissoir has polished surface, is used for the apical ring of clamp substrate and the apical ring axle that can move in the vertical direction.Apical ring is connected to the apical ring axle.Apical ring comprises the upper component that is connected to the apical ring axle, with the elastic diaphragm of at least a portion contact of substrate, lower member that elastic diaphragm is connected be designed to separably lower member be fixed clamp structure to upper component.
In traditional apical ring, when the elastic diaphragm that is connected to apical ring is replaced, need remove whole apical ring from the apical ring axle.Therefore, need the process of trouble to come the elasticity of substitution barrier film.According to the present invention, because the lower member that elastic diaphragm connects can be removed from upper component at an easy rate by the dismounting securing member, therefore not needing to remove whole apical ring from the apical ring axle comes the elasticity of substitution barrier film.
In this case, apical ring can also comprise and is designed to elastic diaphragm is clamped in clamper on the lower member.Clamper has hook.Apical ring can comprise retainer, and it has the bonding part with the hook joint of clamper.Retainer can be cylindrical.Wish that the bonding part partly forms along the circumferencial direction of retainer.Wish that also the bonding part is along the circumferencial direction of retainer thickening gradually.Use this configuration, elastic diaphragm can be removed from lower member at an easy rate.Therefore, be convenient to the elasticity of substitution barrier film.
Apical ring can also comprise the snap ring of the peripheral part that is used for clamp substrate, and is designed to prevent that polishing fluid from importing the containment member between snap ring and upper component and/or the lower member.
According to the present invention, substrate can be polished, simultaneously, even polished surface or the snap ring that is used for the clamp substrate peripheral part also can keep constant distance when wearing and tearing take place between substrate and polished surface.In addition, the elastic diaphragm that is connected to apical ring can be replaced at an easy rate.
Provide a kind of polissoir according to a fifth aspect of the present invention, it can be easy to and use lower cost to determine whether polishing is normally carried out.Polissoir has the polishing pad that comprises polished surface, be designed to towards the apical ring main body of polished surface extruding substrate and be designed to push the snap ring of polished surface.Snap ring is arranged on the periphery office of apical ring main body.Polissoir also has the trimmer that is used for trimming polished surface, be used to detect polissoir at least one parts wearing and tearing wear detector, operationally based on the wear extent of at least one parts of calculated signals of wear detector and for polishing or organize polishing more and determine the arithmetical unit whether polishing is normally carried out based on wear extent.
Provide a kind of polissoir according to a sixth aspect of the present invention, it has the polishing pad that comprises polished surface, be designed to towards the apical ring main body of polished surface extruding substrate and be designed to push the snap ring of polished surface.Snap ring is arranged on the periphery office of apical ring main body.Rolling diaphragm is vertically expanded or the passage that shrinks and thereby snap ring comprises the rolling diaphragm that wherein is formed with the balancing gate pit, be used for supplying with fluid to the balancing gate pit according to the vertically mobile annular construction member of rolling diaphragm.Annular construction member contacts with polished surface.Snap ring also comprises cylinder that wherein accommodates rolling diaphragm and the connecting plate that can vertically expand and shrink.Connecting plate connects cylinder and annular construction member so that cover gap between them.
Provide a kind of polissoir according to a seventh aspect of the present invention, it has the polishing pad that comprises polished surface, be designed to towards the apical ring main body of polished surface extruding substrate and be designed to push the snap ring of polished surface.Snap ring is arranged on the periphery office of apical ring main body.Polissoir also has the annular sheet member that is fixed to the apical ring main body, a plurality of trundles that are connected to a plurality of slip rings of annular lamina member and are fixed to snap ring.Trundle is inserted in the slip ring so that can be in the slip ring slides within.
Provide a kind of polissoir according to a eighth aspect of the present invention, it has the polishing pad that comprises polished surface, be designed to towards the apical ring main body of polished surface extruding substrate and be designed to push the snap ring of polished surface.Snap ring is arranged on the periphery office of apical ring main body.Polissoir also has the elastic diaphragm that is arranged on the apical ring lower body part.Elastic diaphragm contacts with at least a portion of substrate.Polissoir comprises the containment member that covers the gap between elastic diaphragm and the snap ring.
Provide a kind of polissoir according to a ninth aspect of the present invention, it has the polishing pad that comprises polished surface, be designed to towards the apical ring main body of polished surface extruding substrate and be designed to push the snap ring of polished surface.Snap ring is arranged on the periphery office of apical ring main body.Polissoir also has the snap ring wear detector that operationally receives substrate and transmit the pusher of substrate and be used to detect the wearing and tearing of snap ring to the apical ring main body from the apical ring main body.The snap ring wear detector is arranged in the pusher.
According to the present invention, can determine whether polishing is normally carried out based on the wear extent of parts.Therefore, can monitor polishing, and not need any special equipment.Therefore, based on concluding of arithmetical unit, can guarantee to polish and normally carry out.
In addition, thus being arranged on wear detector in the pusher can directly measure the wear extent of snap ring and obtain accurate wear extent.Therefore, can determine more accurately whether polishing is normally carried out.
Provide a kind of polissoir according to a tenth aspect of the present invention, it can controlled pressure, snap ring under this pressure along the circumferencial direction extruding polished surface of snap ring.Polissoir has polishing pad, be designed to towards the apical ring main body of polished surface extruding substrate and be designed to push the snap ring of polished surface.Snap ring is arranged on the periphery office of apical ring main body.Snap ring comprises pressure control mechanism, and this mechanism operationally controls the pressure of snap ring extruding polished surface, thereby generates pressure distribution heterogeneous along the circumferencial direction of snap ring.
Pressure control mechanism can comprise the annular construction member that contacts with polished surface, be designed to towards a plurality of balancing gate pits of polished surface extruding annular construction member and for a plurality of passages to the independent controlled fluid of a plurality of balancing gate pits supply pressure.Perhaps, pressure control mechanism can comprise lower annular member and upper, annular member, wherein the lower annular member has the top conical surface and the lower surface that contacts with polished surface, thereby the upper, annular member has with the top conical surface of lower annular member and contacts the bottom conical surface that the radial load that will impose on the lower annular member converts downward power to.
In addition, pressure control mechanism can comprise lower annular member and upper, annular member, wherein the lower annular member has the top conical surface and the lower surface that contacts with polished surface, thereby the upper, annular member has with the top conical surface of lower annular member and contacts the bottom conical surface that the radial load that will impose on the lower annular member converts downward power to, also comprise at least one balancing gate pit that is designed to towards polished surface extruding upper, annular member, also comprise at least one passage to the controlled fluid of at least one balancing gate pit's supply pressure, thus and the confining part that moves both vertically that contacts restriction upper, annular member with the upper, annular member.
Pressure control mechanism is operationally controlled the pressure of snap ring extruding polished surface according to the rotation of apical ring main body, thereby produces constant pressure distribution heterogeneous in stationary system.Pressure control mechanism is operationally controlled the pressure of snap ring extruding polished surface, so that be positioned at the part that pressure that the part in the direction of rotation downstream of polished surface is subjected to is higher than the direction of rotation upstream that is positioned at polished surface.
According to the present invention, pressure control mechanism can produce pressure distribution heterogeneous along the circumferencial direction of snap ring.For example, can control the pressure of snap ring extruding polished surface, so that the pressure that the part in the direction of rotation downstream that is positioned at polished surface is subjected to is higher than the part of the direction of rotation upstream that is positioned at polished surface.
From the following detailed description together with the accompanying drawing that has shown the preferred embodiments of the present invention of the present invention, above and other objects of the present invention, feature and advantage will become more apparent.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram that shows according to the polissoir of the first embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 2 shows the schematic diagram of polissoir shown in Fig. 1 when carrying out the pad search procedure;
Fig. 3 shows the schematic diagram of polissoir when polishing of semiconductor wafers shown in Fig. 1;
Fig. 4 is the schematic diagram that shows according to the polissoir of the second embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 5 shows the schematic diagram of polissoir shown in Fig. 4 when carrying out the pad search procedure;
Fig. 6 is the schematic diagram that shows according to the polissoir of the third embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 7 is the schematic diagram of demonstration according to the part of the polissoir of the fourth embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 8 is the vertical sectional view that shows the apical ring in the polissoir that suitably is used in first to fourth embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 9 and Figure 10 are the vertical sectional view of apical ring shown in Fig. 8;
Figure 11 is the plane that shows the lower member of apical ring shown in Fig. 8;
Figure 12 A shows shown in Fig. 8 the plane of retainer in the apical ring;
Figure 12 B is the vertical sectional view of retainer shown in Figure 12 A;
Figure 12 C is the bottom view of retainer shown in Figure 12 A;
Figure 13 is the amplification view that shows the variant of apical ring shown in Fig. 8;
Figure 14 is the schematic diagram that shows according to the polissoir of the fifth embodiment of the present invention;
Figure 15 to Figure 18 is the cutaway view that suitably is used in the apical ring in the polissoir shown in Figure 14;
Figure 19 is the plane that shows the lower member of apical ring shown in Figure 15 to Figure 18;
Figure 20 is the enlarged drawing of snap ring shown in Figure 15;
Figure 21 is the plane of anchor clamps in the snap ring shown in Figure 20;
Figure 22 A is the perspective view of another example of anchor clamps in the snap ring shown in Figure 20;
Figure 22 B shows the plane that is used for the connecting plate of anchor clamps shown in Figure 22 A;
Figure 23 shows the partial sectional view that suitably is used in another example of the apical ring in the polissoir shown in Figure 14;
Figure 24 is the plane of the lower member of apical ring shown in Figure 23;
Figure 25 is the cutaway view that shows the pusher with snap ring wear detector;
Figure 26 to Figure 29 is a cutaway view of explaining the operation of pusher shown in Figure 25;
Figure 30 is the schematic diagram that shows according to the apical ring in the polissoir of the sixth embodiment of the present invention;
Figure 31 is the enlarged drawing of snap ring in the apical ring shown in Figure 30; And
Figure 32 is the part enlarged drawing that shows according to the apical ring in the polissoir of the seventh embodiment of the present invention.
The specific embodiment
Below with reference to the embodiment of Fig. 1 to Figure 32 description according to polissoir of the present invention.Similar or corresponding part uses similar or corresponding reference number to represent and below will no longer repeat in whole accompanying drawing.
Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram that shows according to the polissoir 10 of the first embodiment of the present invention.As shown in Figure 1, polissoir 10 have polishing block 12, be connected to the upper end of back shaft 14 apical ring head 16, be installed in the free-ended apical ring axle 18 of apical ring head 16 and be connected to the apical ring 20 of the lower end of apical ring axle 18.In the example shown, the form of apical ring 20 is essentially plectane.
On market, can obtain various polishing pads.For example, some in these polishing pads are the SUB A800, the IC-1000 that are made by Rodel Inc. and IC-1000/SUBA400 (two layers of cloth) and the Surfin xxx-5 and the Surfin 000 that are made by Fujimi Inc.SUBA800, Surfin xxx-5 and Surfin 000 are the supatex fabric by the polyurethane resin combination, and IC-1000 is made by rigid foamed polyurethane (individual layer).Foamed polyurethane be porous and have many fine recesses that in its surface, form or a hole.
The vertical movement mechanism 24 that moves in the vertical direction apical ring axle 18 and apical ring 20 have the mode of rotating by bearing 26 with apical ring axle 18 support apical ring axle 18 first framework 28, be threaded onto ball screw 32 in the nut 30 that is installed on first framework 28, second framework 36 of the mode back-up roller ballscrew 32 that rotates by bearing 34 with ball screw 32, be arranged on the AC servomotor 38 on second framework 36 and support the air cylinder 40 of second framework 36.
As shown in Figure 1, polissoir 10 has distance measurement sensor 46, and it serves as position detector, and the lower surface that is used to detect the apical ring head 16 and first framework 28 i.e. the distance of the position of first framework 28.Thereby distance measurement sensor 46 detects the position that apical ring 20 is detected in the position of first framework 28.In addition, polissoir 10 has the controller 47 that can operate with the various device in the control polissoir 10, comprises distance measurement sensor 46, servomotor 38 and air cylinder 40.Controller 47 comprises the medium of memory device and embodied on computer readable, and this medium has the program that is recorded in wherein to be used to control polissoir 10.
When use 10 pairs of semiconductor wafer W of polissoir that constitute like this were polished, polishing pad 22 can and polish owing to finishing and wear and tear.Therefore, the thickness of polishing pad 22 can change continuously.In this case, for the lip-deep surface pressure distribution that prevents semiconductor wafer W changes according to the carrying out of polishing, should between the surface of apical ring 20 and polishing pad 22, keep constant distance in the polishing process.Therefore, for the constant distance between the surface that keeps apical ring 20 and polishing pad 22, just need to detect polishing pad 22 the surface height (or position) and be that apical ring 20 reduces at every heap semiconductor wafer (for example 25 semiconductor wafers) with position adjustments.The process of the height on the surface of this detection polishing pad 22 (or position) is called as the pad search procedure.
In the present embodiment, when the lower surface of apical ring 20 contacted with the polished surface 22a of polishing pad 22, the position of apical ring 20 will be stored in the memory device.The height of the polished surface 22a of polishing pad 22 is based on that the memory location of apical ring 20 detects.Specifically, in the pad search procedure, as shown in Figure 2, the bar 40a of air cylinder 40 will reduce, and such second framework 36, ball screw 32, first framework 28, apical ring axle 18 and apical ring 20 will be owing to gravity reduces.Therefore, when the lower surface of apical ring 20 contacted with the polished surface 22a of polishing pad 22, the reduction of apical ring 20 will stop.At this moment, distance measurement sensor 46 detects the position of first framework 28 to obtain the height of the surperficial 22a of polishing pad 22 based on the detection position of first framework 28.Controller 47 operation wherein arithmetical unit (position calculator) thus the optimum position of calculating apical ring 20 come semiconductor wafer W is polished with height based on the surperficial 22a of polishing pad 22.The calculating optimum position of apical ring 20 is stored in the memory device.
When semiconductor wafer W when polished, can in the state shown in Fig. 1, drive servomotor 38.Therefore, the apical ring 20 of first framework 28 and clamping semiconductor wafer W will reduce, as shown in Figure 3.At this moment, controller 47 is controlled servomotors 38 and stop servomotor 38 when apical ring 20 is reached the optimum position of calculating.Be clamped in that semiconductor wafer W on the lower surface of apical ring 20 just is pressed on the polishing pad 22 and polished on the optimum position of calculating.In this case, first framework 28 and apical ring 20 are can be in the position of first framework 28 detected and reduce when being confirmed by distance measurement sensor 46.Distance measurement sensor 46 can comprise the sensor of any type, comprises laser sensor, ultrasonic sensor, eddy current sensor and linear graduation sensor.
As mentioned above, use the ball wire rod mechanism that has servomotor 38 and ball screw 32 in the present embodiment, apical ring 20 can accurately move to the optimum position of being calculated by the pad search procedure.Therefore, semiconductor wafer W can polishedly in a kind of state just can keep constant distance like this between apical ring 20 and polishing pad 22.
Fig. 4 is the schematic diagram that shows according to the polissoir 110 of the second embodiment of the present invention.As shown in Figure 4, in the polissoir 110 of present embodiment, apical ring axle 18 is moved in the vertical direction with respect to apical ring head 16 by vertical movement mechanism 124.Vertical movement mechanism 124 has first framework 128, the screw thread that support apical ring axle 18 via the mode of bearing 126 rotation with apical ring axle 18 and tightens to ball screw 132 in the nut of installing 130 on first framework 128, be fixed on second framework 136 on the apical ring head 16 and be arranged on the AC servomotor 138 to be used for swing roller screw mandrel 132 on second framework 136.Controller 47 comprises the current detector that is used to detect by the electric current of servomotor 138.Controller 47 comprises the medium of memory device and embodied on computer readable, and this medium has the program that is recorded in wherein to be used to control polissoir 110.
In the present embodiment, with the same among first embodiment, can when contacting with the polished surface 22a of polishing pad 22, the lower surface of apical ring 20 carry out the pad search procedure by the position of detecting apical ring 20.There is not service range to measure inductor when carrying out the pad search procedure in the present embodiment.Specifically, in the pad search procedure, can drive servomotor 138 to reduce apical ring 20 simultaneously revolution by encoder to count.As shown in Figure 5, when the lower surface of apical ring 20 contacts with the polished surface 22a of polishing pad 22, will increase the load on the servomotor 138.Therefore, the flow through electric current of servomotor 138 also can increase.Current detector in the controller 47 detects the electric current of the servomotor 138 of flowing through and determines that when detecting big electric current the lower surface of apical ring 20 contacts with the surperficial 22a of polishing pad 22.When the lower surface of having determined apical ring 20 contacted with the surperficial 22a of polishing pad 22, controller 47 calculated the distance that apical ring 20 will reduce based on the calculated value of the encoder of servomotor 138.The distance that apical ring 20 will reduce is stored in the memory device.The height of the surperficial 22a of polishing pad 22 is based on the distance that apical ring 20 will reduce and obtains.Controller 47 operation arithmetical units (position calculator) thus the optimum position of calculating apical ring 20 come semiconductor wafer is polished with height based on the surperficial 22a of polishing pad 22.
When semiconductor wafer W when polished, reduce by first framework 128 and apical ring 20 thereby can under the state shown in Fig. 4, drive servomotor 138.At this moment, controller 47 is controlled servomotors 138 and stop servomotor 138 when apical ring 20 is reached the optimum position of calculating.Be clamped in that semiconductor wafer W on the lower surface of apical ring 20 just is pressed on the polishing pad 22 and polished on the optimum position of calculating.
In the present embodiment, top 20 clamping semiconductor wafer W in the pad search procedure.In first embodiment, carry out the pad search procedure therein in the state of apical ring 20 clamping semiconductor wafer W.In any situation, when carrying out the pad search procedure, can wish to use dummy wafer rather than product wafer.When in the pad search procedure, using dummy wafer, can not expose the lower surface of apical ring 20.Therefore, the parts that can prevent to be connected to the lower surface of apical ring 20 directly contact with polishing pad 22.Therefore, can prevent that slurry (polishing fluid) from falling on these parts.
Wish that in addition servomotor 138 can change the maximum current of motor.Use this servomotor, for example, the maximum current of motor can be set to be approximately 5% in the pad search procedure.When the lower surface of apical ring 20 or semiconductor wafer (dummy wafer) W contact with polishing pad 22, can prevent that great load is applied on semiconductor wafer (dummy wafer) W, apical ring 20, the polishing pad 22 etc.In this case, if the time period that can reduce based on apical ring 20 or the distance that is lowered based on apical ring 20 and predict the time that apical ring 20 contacts with polishing pad 22, the maximum current that will wish servomotor so is in apical ring 20 and minimizing before polishing pad 22 contacts.This operation can prevent that the lower surface of apical ring 20 or semiconductor wafer W are damaged.
Fig. 6 is the schematic diagram that shows according to the polissoir 210 of the third embodiment of the present invention.As shown in Figure 6, polissoir 210 in the present embodiment have the height that is used to detect polishing pad 22 laser distance measuring transducer 246, be used for to the polishing fluid supply nozzle 251 of supplying with slurry (polishing fluid) 250 on the polishing pad 22 and be used for towards the jet surface nitrogen of polishing pad 22 or air to blow the nozzle 252 of the slurry 250 on the polishing pad 22 off.Distance measurement sensor 246 can comprise the ultrasonic distance measuring transducer.
Use this configuration, can slurry 250 be removed from polishing pad 22 by the injection of nitrogen or air.Can apply laser to the measure portion that slurry 250 wherein is removed from laser distance measuring transducer 246.Therefore, because laser can be in slurry on the polishing pad 22 or reflection waterborne, so can accurately detect the distance of polishing pad 22.Therefore, just can based on and the distance on the surface of polishing pad 22 keep constant distance between semiconductor wafer W and the polishing pad 22.
In the above embodiments, can come by the height (position) that detects apical ring 20 every heap semiconductor wafer is carried out the pad search procedure.Yet the pad search procedure is not limited to this example.For example, when the finished product wafer shall not be applied to pad during search procedure, or dummy wafer is former thereby can not prepare the time for some, and part pad search procedure can be carried out by trimmer, and this trimmer can be repaired the polished surface of (adjusting) polishing pad.
Fig. 7 is the schematic diagram of demonstration according to the part of the polissoir of the fourth embodiment of the present invention.Fig. 7 has mainly shown the trimmer 50 with function of carrying out the pad search procedure.Air cylinder 53 is connected on the conditioner head 52 of trimmer 50.Trimmer 50 is pressed on the polishing pad 22 by the driving of air cylinder 53.
Can be by the variation of using trimmer 50 to measure polishing pad 22 thickness.In this case, because polishing pad has different thickness, so when polishing pad is replaced by new pad, can carry out the pad search procedure by using apical ring 20.At this moment, the parts on the lower surface that is connected to apical ring 20 (for example elastic diaphragm) can directly contact with polishing pad 22 and finished product wafer or dummy wafer not by apical ring 20 clampings, this be because and untapped polishing pad can not cause problem to this parts.
The conditioner head 52 of trimmer 50 has distance measurement sensor 54.The variation that is detected by distance measurement sensor 54 is used to follow the wearing and tearing of polishing pad 22 for the polishing of each semiconductor wafer and every heap semiconductor wafer.Specifically, the difference of the measuring vertical position of the initial upright position of distance measurement sensor 54 detection trimmers 50 and trimmer 50 is to determine the wear extent of polishing pad 22.The wear extent of polishing pad 22 is sent to controller 47.Total wear extent of polishing pad 22 is based on the result who uses the pad search procedure that apical ring 20 carries out when changing polishing pad and uses the variation of thickness of the polishing pad 22 that trimmer 50 detects and definite.The height of apical ring 20 is controlled as total wear extent of following polishing pad 22.Therefore when using trimmer 50 to measure the variation of thickness of polishing pads 22, compare with the situation of wherein using 20 pairs of every heap semiconductor wafers of apical ring (for example 25 semiconductor wafers) to carry out the pad search procedure, can improve handling capacity.
Next, will be described in more detail below the apical ring that in first to fourth embodiment, suitably is used as apical ring 20.Fig. 8 to Figure 10 is the cutaway view of demonstration along the example of a plurality of apical rings 20 radially of apical ring 20.
As shown in Fig. 8 to Figure 10, apical ring 20 have the plectane form upper component 300, be connected to the peripheral part of upper component 300 snap ring 302, be connected to upper component 300 lower surface intermediate member 304 and be connected to the lower member 306 of the lower surface of intermediate member 304.Upper component 300 is connected to apical ring axle 18 by bolt 308.In addition, as shown in figure 10, intermediate member 304 is fixed on the upper component 300 by bolt 310 (clamp structure), and lower member 306 is fixed on the upper component 300 by bolt 312 (clamp structure).This clamp structure is not limited to bolt.
As shown in figure 10, edge grippers 316 has pawl 316d and the 316e that is used on the lower surface that edge 314d and 314e with elastic diaphragm 314 be clamped in lower member 306.The passage 334 that the chamber, edge that edge grippers 316 has with edge 314d and 314e by elastic diaphragm 314 forms is communicated with.Lower member 306 has the passage 336 that is communicated with the passage 334 of edge grippers 316.Intermediate member 304 has the passage 338 that is communicated with the passage 336 of lower member 306.O shape ring 340 is arranged in the connecting portion place between the passage 338 of the passage 336 of lower member 306 and intermediate member 304 as containment member.The passage 334 of edge grippers 316 is connected to fluid supply source (not shown) via the passage 336 of lower member 306 and the passage 338 of intermediate member 304.Therefore, pressure fluid will be supplied to the chamber, edge of elastic diaphragm 314 by passage 338,336 and 334.
As shown in Figure 9, elastic diaphragm 314 has the opening 314f between ripple clamper 318 and edge grippers 316.Lower member 306 has the passage 342 that is communicated with opening 314f.Intermediate member 304 has the passage 344 that is communicated with the passage 342 of lower member 306.O shape ring 346 is arranged in the connecting portion place between the passage 344 of the passage 342 of lower member 306 and intermediate member 304 as containment member.The passage 342 of lower member 306 is connected to fluid supply source (not shown) via the passage 344 of intermediate member 304.Therefore, pressure fluid will be supplied to the outside of elastic diaphragm 314 by passage 344 and 342.In addition, passage 342 selectively is connected to the vavuum pump (not shown).When vacuum was pump operated, semiconductor wafer was attracted to lower member 306 lower surfaces by suction.
As mentioned above, use the apical ring 20 in the present embodiment, can the fluid pressure of the various piece (being central portion, ripple chamber, outside and the chamber, edge of elastic diaphragm 314) of elasticity of supply barrier film 314 be pressed in semiconductor wafer extruding force on the polishing pad 22 in the regional area adjusted of semiconductor wafer by regulating.
As shown in Figure 9, edge grippers 316 has the hook 316a of portion disposed thereon.Each retainer 320 that is used for gripping edge clamper 316 is columniform and has the bonding part 320a that is arranged on its lower end.As shown in figure 11, a plurality of retainers 320 are with the circumferential directions of equal interval along apical ring 20.Figure 12 A to Figure 12 C has shown the details of retainer 320.Figure 12 A is a plane, and Figure 12 B is a vertical sectional view, and Figure 12 C is a bottom view.
Shown in Figure 12 C, bonding part 320a partly forms along the circumferencial direction of retainer 320.Bonding part 320a has the tapering part T that is positioned on its opposite side.Each tapering part T is all along the circumferencial direction of retainer 320 thickening gradually.Therefore, when retainer 320 rotations, the bonding part 320a of retainer 320 will engage with the hook 316a of edge grippers 316 gradually.At last, the hook 316a of edge grippers 316 is fixed on the lower member 306 by the bonding part 320a of retainer 320.Retainer 320 has the groove 320b that is formed in its upper surface, and throw just can be inserted among the groove 320b of retainer 320 like this.Therefore, the operator can be by use throw above lower member 306 be attached to elastic diaphragm 314 on the lower member 306 and with elastic diaphragm 314 and takes off from lower member 306.
Similarly, ripple clamper 318 has the hook 318a of portion disposed thereon.Each retainer 322 that is used for clamping ripple clamper 318 is columniform and has the bonding part 322a that is arranged on its lower end.Bonding part 322a partly forms along the circumferencial direction of retainer 322.Bonding part 322a has the tapering part that is positioned on its opposite side.Each tapering part is all along the circumferencial direction of retainer 322 thickening gradually.Therefore, when retainer 322 rotations, the bonding part 322a of retainer 322 will engage with the hook 318a of ripple clamper 318 gradually.At last, the hook 318a of ripple clamper 318 is fixed on the lower member 306 by the bonding part 322a of retainer 322.Retainer 322 has the groove 322b that is formed in its upper surface, and throw just can be inserted among the groove 322b of retainer 322 like this.Therefore, the operator can be by use throw above lower member 306 be attached to elastic diaphragm 314 on the lower member 306 and with elastic diaphragm 314 and takes off from lower member 306.
In the example shown, elastic diaphragm 404 uses owing to have the rolling diaphragm that the elastic diaphragm of sweep forms.When the internal pressure that limited by rolling diaphragm in the balancing gate pit changes, thereby the sweep of rolling diaphragm will be agitated and widened the balancing gate pit.When the balancing gate pit widened, barrier film can and not be difficult to the external component sliding-contact expand and shrink.Therefore, can greatly reduce because the friction that causes of sliding-contact, and can prolong the life-span of barrier film.
Configuration above using is even 408 wearing and tearing of the annular construction member of snap ring 302 also only have only snap ring 302 to be lowered.Therefore, even 408 wearing and tearing of the annular construction member of snap ring 302 also can keep constant distance between lower member 306 and polishing pad 22.In addition, because be connected with the elastic diaphragm 404 of cylinder 400, so can not generate moment of flexure by offset load by distortion with the annular construction member 408 of polishing pad 22 contacts.Therefore, the surface pressing that snap ring 302 generates will be even, and snap ring 302 becomes more and may follow polishing pad 22.
As shown in figure 11, annular construction member 408 has a plurality of V-shaped grooves 418 that vertically extend.V-shaped groove 418 is formed in the inner surface of annular construction member 408 with the interval that equates.In addition, a plurality of pins 349 can be radially protruding from the peripheral part of lower member 306.Pin 349 is arranged to engage with the V-shaped groove 418 of annular construction member 418.Pin 349 can vertically slide with respect to annular construction member 408 in V-shaped groove 418.Thereby pin 349 allows the rotation of apical ring 20 to be passed to annular construction member 408 via upper component 300 and lower member 306 integrally rotates apical ring 20 and annular construction member 408.This configuration prevents reversing of elastic diaphragm (rolling diaphragm) 404 and allows annular construction member 408 evenly and smoothly to be pressed on the polished surface 22 in polishing process.In addition, can prolong the life-span of elastic diaphragm 404.
As mentioned above, can be by the extruding force of the fluid pressure of central portion, ripple chamber, outside and the chamber, edge of elasticity of supply barrier film 314 being controlled the extruding semiconductor wafer.Therefore, lower member 306 just should be arranged to upwards leave polishing pad 22 in polishing process.Yet if snap ring 302 wearing and tearing, the distance between semiconductor wafer and the lower member 306 will change to change the mode of texturing of elastic diaphragm 314.Therefore, the surface pressure distribution on the semiconductor wafer also can change.This variation of surface pressure distribution can cause the unsettled profile of generation of the semiconductor wafer that polishes.
408 wearing and tearing of the annular construction member of snap ring 302 in the example shown,, snap ring 302 move in the vertical direction, so even also can keep constant distance between semiconductor wafer and lower member 306 because can being independent of lower member 306.Therefore, the profile of the semiconductor wafer of polishing can be stable.
In the example shown, when elastic diaphragm 314 is replaced by new barrier film, do not need whole apical ring 20 is removed from apical ring axle 18.Specifically, when elastic diaphragm 314 when lower member 306 unloads, bolt 312 (referring to Figure 10) at first removes so that lower member 306 is taken off from upper component 300 and intermediate member 304.Then, throw is inserted into the groove 320b (referring to Fig. 9) that forms at the top of retainer 320 with rotary actuator 320.Therefore, the hook 316a of edge grippers 316 will break away from the bonding part 320a of retainer 320.Therefore, edge grippers 316 can be taken off from lower member 306 at an easy rate.Similarly, throw is inserted into the groove 322b that forms at the top of retainer 322 with rotary actuator 322.Therefore, the hook 318a of ripple clamper 318 will break away from the bonding part 322a of retainer 322.Therefore, ripple clamper 318 can take off from lower member 306 at an easy rate.
When edge grippers 316 and ripple clamper 318 in top mode when lower member 306 is taken off, the elastic diaphragm 314 by edge grippers 316 and 318 clampings of ripple clamper just can take off from lower member 306 at an easy rate.Elastic diaphragm 314 can be according to being attached at an easy rate on the lower member 306 with top opposite operation.
Because O shape ring 332,340 and 346 is arranged in the connecting portion place between the passage of the passage of lower member 306 and intermediate member 304 as containment member, so lower member 306 and intermediate member 304 can be connected to each other in the state that these passages seal reliably when using bolt 312 fastening.Therefore, do not need special taking-up and insertion pipe that elastic diaphragm 314 is replaced by new barrier film.
In the example shown, elastic diaphragm 314 is arranged to contact with the whole surface of semiconductor wafer basically.Yet elastic diaphragm 314 can contact with at least a portion of semiconductor wafer.
Figure 13 is the amplification view that shows the variant of apical ring 20 shown in Fig. 8.In the example shown in Figure 13, annular seat component 420 is arranged between snap ring 302 and the lower member 306.Containment member 420 prevents that polishing fluid is imported into apical ring 20 inside and prevents the inside discharge of foreign matter from apical ring 20.Containment member 420 is made by flexible material and can be according to snap ring 302 and being moved both vertically of lower member 306 and be out of shape.
Figure 14 is the schematic diagram that shows according to the polissoir 510 of the fifth embodiment of the present invention.As shown in figure 14, polissoir 510 have polishing block 12, be connected to the upper end of back shaft 14 apical ring head 16, be installed in apical ring head 16 free end apical ring axle 18 and be connected to the apical ring 20 of the lower end of apical ring axle 18.In the example shown, the form of apical ring 20 is essentially plectane.
On market, can obtain various polishing pads.For example, some in these polishing pads are the SUBA800, the IC-1000 that are made by Rodel Inc. and IC-1000/SUBA400 (two layers of cloth) and the Surfin xxx-5 and the Surfin 000 that are made by Fujimi Inc.SUBA800, Surfinxxx-5 and Surfin 000 are the supatex fabric by the polyurethane resin combination, and IC-1000 is made by rigid foamed polyurethane (individual layer).Foamed polyurethane be porous and have many fine recesses that in its surface, form or a hole.
The vertical movement mechanism 124 that moves in the vertical direction apical ring axle 18 and apical ring 20 has that first framework (bridge) 28, the screw thread that support apical ring axle 18 in the mode of apical ring axle 18 by bearing 126 rotations tighten to ball screw 132 in the nut 130 that is installed on first framework 128, second framework (brace table) 136 that supported by post 135 and be arranged on AC servomotor 138 on second framework 136.Second framework 136 that supports servomotor 138 is fixed on the apical ring head 16 via post 135.
As shown in figure 14, polissoir 510 has the finishing unit 540 of the polished surface 22a that is used on trimming polished 12.Finishing unit 540 comprises and the trimmer 50 of polished surface 22a sliding-contact, trimmer axle 51 that trimmer 50 is connected thereto, the air cylinder 53 of upper end that is arranged on trimmer axle 51 and the deflection arm 55 that trimmer axle 51 is supported in rotation.Trimmer 50 has the trim components 50a of the bottom that is installed in trimmer 50.Trim components 50a has the diamond particles of aciculiform.These diamond particles are installed on the bottom of trim components 50a.Air cylinder 53 is arranged on the brace table 57, and brace table 57 is supporting post 56.Post 56 is fixed to deflection arm 55.
The following execution of finishing operation of polished surface 22a on the polishing pad 22.Trimmer 50 is pressed on the polished surface 22a by air cylinder 53.Simultaneously, pure water supplies on the polished surface 22a from pure water supply nozzle (not shown).Under state, trimmer 50 is around 51 rotations of trimmer axle, and the lower surface of trim components 50a (diamond particles) contacts with polished surface 22a.Therefore, thus trimmer 50 can remove the trimming polished surperficial 22a of the part of polishing pad 22.
In the present embodiment, the abrasion amount measuring of polishing pad 22 is as follows.At first, operate air cylinder 53 so that trimmer 50 contacts with the polished surface 22a of untapped polishing pad 22.In this state, displacement transducer 60 is measured the initial position of trimmer 50 and this initial position is stored in the memory device of controller (arithmetical unit) 47.After the polishing of finishing one or more semiconductor wafer W, trimmer 50 contacts with polished surface 22a.Under this state, can measure the position of trimmer 50.Because the position of trimmer 50 can move down the wear extent of polishing pad 22, so controller 47 calculates difference between the measuring position of trimmer 50 after initial positions and the polishing to obtain the wear extent of polishing pad 22.Therefore, can be based on the wear extent of the position calculation polishing pad 22 of trimmer 50.
In controller 47, the total wear extent and the predetermined set value of polishing pad 22 compare.If total wear extent of polishing pad 22 surpasses predetermined set value, will send the signal that indication polishing pad 22 should be changed by slave controller 47.The wear extent (polished amount) that is used for the polishing pad 22 of polishing or polishing group is stored in controller 47, so just can monitor the variation of wear extent by controller 47.In this case, the operation of trimmer 50 prescription (the finishing situation is for example repaired the rotary speed of time, trimmer 50 and trimmer 50 is pressed in extruding force on the polishing pad 22) can change to keep the constant abrasion amount of polishing pad 22 for each polishing or every group of polishing by controller 47.
Based on the wear extent of polishing pad 22, controller 47 can be controlled servomotor 138, and the distance between the polished surface 22a of apical ring 20 and polishing pad 22 will equal predetermined value like this.Specifically, the optimum position of controller 47 calculating apical rings 20 is polished and the optimum position is stored in the memory device semiconductor wafer with the wear extent (displacement of polished surface 22a) based on polishing pad 22.When semiconductor wafer W is polished, thereby can under the state shown in Figure 14, drive the apical ring 20 that servomotor 138 reduces by first framework 128 and clamping semiconductor wafer W.At this moment, controller 47 is controlled servomotors 138 and stop servomotor 138 when apical ring 20 is reached the optimum position of calculating.Be clamped in that semiconductor wafer W on the lower surface of apical ring 20 just is pressed on the polishing pad 22 and polished on the optimum position of calculating.
Next, will be described in more detail below the apical ring that in the 5th embodiment, suitably is used as apical ring 20.Figure 15 to Figure 18 is the cutaway view of demonstration along the example of a plurality of apical rings 20 radially of apical ring 20.Figure 19 is the plane that shows lower member shown in Figure 15 to Figure 18.
As shown in Figure 15 to Figure 18, apical ring 20 has the snap ring 502 that is used for that semiconductor wafer W is pressed in the apical ring main body 500 on the polished surface 22a and is used for directly pushing polished surface 22a.Apical ring main body 500 comprise the plectane form upper component 600, be connected to upper component 600 lower surface intermediate member 604 and be connected to the lower member 606 of the lower surface of intermediate member 604.
As shown in figure 15, centre chamber 660 is formed on the central portion place of elastic diaphragm 614.Ripple clamper 619 has the passage 624 that is communicated with centre chamber 660.Lower member 606 has the passage 625 that is communicated with passage 624.The passage 624 of ripple clamper 619 and the passage 625 of lower member 606 are connected to fluid supply source (not shown).Therefore, pressure fluid will be supplied to the centre chamber 660 of elastic diaphragm 314 by passage 625 and 624.
As shown in figure 16, annular corrugated chamber 661 is formed between the ripple 614a and ripple 614b of elastic diaphragm 614.Gap 614f is formed between the ripple clamper 618 and ripple clamper 619 of elastic diaphragm 614.Lower member 606 has the passage 642 that is communicated with gap 614f.In addition, intermediate member 604 has the passage 644 that is communicated with the passage 642 of lower member 606.Cannelure 647 is formed on the connecting portion place between the passage 644 of the passage 642 of lower member 606 and intermediate member 604.The passage 642 of lower member 606 is connected to fluid supply source (not shown) via the cannelure 647 and the passage 644 of intermediate member 604.Therefore, pressure fluid will be supplied to ripple chamber 661 by passage.In addition, passage 642 selectively is connected to the vavuum pump (not shown).When vacuum was pump operated, semiconductor wafer was attracted to the lower surface of elastic diaphragm 614 by suction.
As shown in figure 17, the passage 626 that is communicated with of the annular mistress 662 that ripple clamper 618 has with ripple 614b and edge 614c by elastic diaphragm 614 forms.In addition, lower member 606 has the passage 628 that is communicated with the passage 626 of ripple clamper 618 via connector 627.Intermediate member 604 has the passage 629 that is communicated with the passage 628 of lower member 606.The passage 626 of ripple clamper 618 is connected to fluid supply source (not shown) via the passage 628 of lower member 606 and the passage 629 of intermediate member 604.Therefore, pressure fluid will be supplied to the mistress 662 of elastic diaphragm 614 by passage 629,628 and 626.
As shown in figure 18, edge grippers 616 has the edge 614d that is used for elastic diaphragm 614 and is clamped in pawl on the lower surface of lower member 606.The passage 634 that the annular edge marginal cell 663 that edge grippers 616 has with edge 614c and 614d by elastic diaphragm 614 forms is communicated with.Lower member 606 has the passage 636 that is communicated with the passage 634 of edge grippers 616.Intermediate member 604 has the passage 638 that is communicated with the passage 636 of lower member 606.The passage 634 of edge grippers 616 is connected to fluid supply source (not shown) via the passage 636 of lower member 606 and the passage 638 of intermediate member 604.Therefore, pressure fluid will be supplied to the chamber, edge 663 of elastic diaphragm 614 by passage 638,636 and 634.
As mentioned above, use the apical ring 20 in the present embodiment, can semiconductor wafer be pressed in extruding force on the polishing pad 22 in the regional area adjusted of semiconductor wafer by regulating the fluid pressure that to supply with each balancing gate pit of formation between elastic diaphragm 614 and lower member 606 (being centre chamber 660, annular corrugated chamber 661, annular mistress 662, annular edge marginal cell 663).
Figure 20 is the enlarged drawing of snap ring shown in Figure 15 502.Snap ring 502 is used for the periphery of clamping semiconductor wafer.As shown in Figure 20, snap ring 502 have cylinder 700, be attached to the top of cylinder 700 clamper 702, by clamper 702 be clamped in elastic diaphragm 704 in the cylinder 700, be connected to elastic diaphragm 704 the lower end piston 706 and by piston 706 to the annular construction member 708 that presses down.The upper end closure of cylinder 700.The connecting plate 720 that can vertically expand and shrink is arranged between the lower end of the external peripheral surface of annular construction member 708 and cylinder 700.Connecting plate 720 is arranged to fill the gap between annular construction member 708 and the cylinder 700.Therefore, connecting plate 720 is used for preventing that polishing fluid (slurry) from importing the gap between annular construction member 708 and the cylinder 700.
The hermetic unit 722 of snap ring 502 is located elastic diaphragm 614 is connected in the edge (circumference) that elastic diaphragm 614 is included in elastic diaphragm 614.Hermetic unit 722 has the shape that is bent upwards.Hermetic unit 722 is arranged to fill the gap between elastic diaphragm 614 and the annular construction member 708.Hermetic unit 722 is made by deformable material.Hermetic unit 722 is used for preventing that polishing fluid from importing the gap between elastic diaphragm 614 and the annular construction member 708 and allowing apical ring main body 500 and snap ring 502 relative to each other to move.In the present embodiment, hermetic unit 722 forms an integral body and has U-shaped cross-section with the edge 614d of elastic diaphragm 614.
Be not provided with therein in the situation of connecting plate 720 or hermetic unit 722, thereby the inside that polishing fluid can be imported apical ring 20 stops the normal running of the snap ring 502 of apical ring main body 500 and apical ring 20.In the present embodiment, connecting plate 720 and hermetic unit 722 can prevent polishing fluid introducing apical ring 20 inside.Therefore, can normally operate apical ring 20.For example EP rubbers (EPDM), polyurethane rubber, silicon rubber etc. are made by high-strength and durable rubber material for elastic diaphragm 704, connecting plate 720 and hermetic unit 722.
Figure 21 is the plane of anchor clamps shown in Figure 20 730.Anchor clamps 730 are made by flexible material.The original shape of anchor clamps 730 is rectilinear basically.When anchor clamps 730 were attached on annular construction member 708 flange sections, anchor clamps 730 are deformed into had the annular of otch 730a as shown in Figure 21.
Figure 22 A is the perspective view that shows another example of anchor clamps 730.Use a plurality of anchor clamps of making by hard material 730 in this example.Figure 22 A has only shown one of anchor clamps 730.Last annular construction member 708a have a plurality of on the external peripheral surface of last annular construction member 708a outwardly directed flange section 731a.Following annular construction member 708b have a plurality of on the external peripheral surface of following annular construction member 708b outwardly directed flange section 731b.Each anchor clamps 730 all has along the shape of the external peripheral surface bending of annular construction member 708.
These anchor clamps 730 following annular construction members 708 that are attached to.At first, last annular construction member 708a and following annular construction member 708b contact with each other in flange section 731a and 731b state aligned with each other.Then, move with clamping flange section 731a and 731b in the slit of anchor clamps 730 between adjacent flange section and flatly.Therefore, last annular construction member 708a and following annular construction member 708b are just secured to one another by anchor clamps 730.In this example, shown in Figure 22 B, connecting plate 720 has the protruding 720a on a plurality of inner circumferential surfaces that are formed on connecting plate 720.Projection 720a is assembled in the slit between the flange section.Connecting plate 720 is attached on the annular construction member 708, and so protruding 720a just is assembled in the slit between the flange section.Therefore, anchor clamps 730 are just fixing in position.
As shown in figure 20, clamper 702 has the passage 712 that is communicated with the balancing gate pit 710 that is formed by elastic diaphragm 704.Cylinder 700 has formation passage 714 at an upper portion thereof.The passage 714 of cylinder 700 is communicated with the passage 712 of clamper 702.Upper component 600 has the passage 716 that is communicated with the passage 714 of cylinder 700.The passage 712 of clamper 702 is connected to fluid supply source (not shown) via the passage 714 of cylinder 700 and the passage 716 of upper component 600.Therefore, pressure fluid will be supplied to balancing gate pit 710 by passage 716,714 and 712.Therefore, by the fluid pressure of adjusting with supply pressure chamber 710, thereby elastic diaphragm 704 just can expand and shrink mobile piston 706 vertically.Therefore, the annular construction member 708 of snap ring 502 just can be pressed on the polishing pad 22 with the pressure of expectation.
Thereby elastic diaphragm 704 may have a plurality of separating diaphragm (not shown)s along circumferential directions forms a plurality of balancing gate pits 710, and balancing gate pit 710 in elastic diaphragm 704 circumferential direction inside directions separately.The number of wishing balancing gate pit 710 is no less than three.In this case, passage 712,714 and 716 can be independent of each balancing gate pit 710 and form.For each balancing gate pit 710 is provided with the pressure controller (not shown).Therefore, the fluid independently controlled by pressure controller of pressure will supply in each balancing gate pit 710 by passage 712,714 and 716.Therefore, by the fluid pressure of adjusting with supply pressure chamber 710, thereby elastic diaphragm 704 just can expand and shrink mobile piston 706 vertically.Therefore, the annular construction member 708 of snap ring 502 just can be pressed on the polishing pad 22 with the pressure distribution of expectation.
In the superincumbent example,, just can generate pressure distribution heterogeneous along the circumferencial direction of snap ring 502 by regulating the fluid pressure that to supply with a plurality of balancing gate pits 710 independently.Specifically, annular construction member 708 and a plurality of balancing gate pits 710 that annular construction member 708 is pressed on the polishing pad 22 are served as the pressure control mechanism that generates non-homogeneous pressure distribution along the circumferencial direction of snap ring 502.
For example, this pressure control mechanism can be controlled the pressure of snap ring 502 extruding polishing pads 22, and the part that is positioned at the downstream along the direction of rotation of polishing block 12 will be subjected to being positioned at than the direction of rotation along polishing block 12 the higher pressure of part of upstream like this.In this case, need dynamically change the pressure that to supply with each balancing gate pit 710 according to the rotation of apical ring 20.When apical ring 20 rotates with high rotation speed, follow rotation thereby just be difficult to controlled pressure.For example, in order to overcome pressure controlled difficulty, can set the pressure-control valve (not shown) for each balancing gate pit 710.Thereby pressure-control valve can will have the fluid of predetermined pressure according to the rotary switch of apical ring 20 to import in each balancing gate pit 710.
For example, reference point (mark) can be set on snap ring 502.The sensor of a plurality of vicinities can be around snap ring 502 uniformly-spaced to arrange.When apical ring 20 rotations, can use proximity sense to detect reference point.In this case, can push the pressure of polishing pads 22 based on the testing result control snap ring 502 of proximity sense.The number of wishing proximity sense is no less than three.Perhaps, can detect actual swage load corresponding to the vertical displacement of the snap ring 502 of each balancing gate pit 710 or extruding polished surface with pressure based on testing result control snap ring 502 extruding polishing pads 22.
In the example shown, elastic diaphragm 704 uses the rolling diaphragm that is formed by the elastic diaphragm with sweep.When the internal pressure that is limited by rolling diaphragm in the balancing gate pit changes,, the sweep of rolling diaphragm widens the balancing gate pit thereby will rolling.When the balancing gate pit widened, barrier film can and not be difficult to the external component sliding-contact expand and shrink.Therefore, can greatly reduce because the friction that causes of sliding-contact, and can prolong the life-span of barrier film.In addition, can accurately regulate the extruding force of snap ring 502 extruding polishing pads 22.
Configuration above using only can reduce snap ring 502.Therefore, even 708 wearing and tearing of the annular construction member of snap ring 502 also can keep constant distance between lower member 606 and polishing pad 22.In addition, because be connected with the elastic diaphragm 704 of cylinder 700, so can not generate moment of flexure by offset load by distortion with the annular construction member 708 of polishing pad 22 contacts.Therefore, the surface pressing that snap ring 502 generates will be even, and snap ring 502 becomes more and may follow polishing pad 22.
As shown in Figure 19 and Figure 20, last annular construction member 708a has a plurality of vertically extending V-shaped grooves 718.V-shaped groove 718 is formed in the inner surface of annular construction member 708a with the interval that equates.In addition, a plurality of pins 649 can be radially protruding from the peripheral part of lower member 606.Pin 649 is arranged to engage with the V-shaped groove 718 of annular construction member 708.Pin 649 can vertically slide with respect to annular construction member 708 in V-shaped groove 718.Thereby pin 649 allows the rotation of apical ring main body 500 to be passed to snap ring 502 via upper component 600 and lower member 606 integrally rotates apical ring main body 500 and snap ring 502.This configuration prevents reversing of elastic diaphragm (rolling diaphragm) 704 and allows annular construction member 708 evenly and smoothly to be pressed on the polished surface 22 in polishing process.In addition, can prolong the life-span of elastic diaphragm 704.
Because the rotation of apical ring main body 500 is delivered on the snap ring 502 with the engaging of V-shaped groove 718 of snap ring 502 by the pin 649 that is arranged on the apical ring main body 500, thus sell 649 can with V-shaped groove 718 sliding-contacts in the surface of V-shaped groove 718, to form groove.Thereby this groove can be placed the unsteady motion that pin 649 causes snap ring 502 forcibly.Figure 23 is the partial sectional view that shows the apical ring that can solve this defective.Figure 24 is the plane of the lower member of apical ring shown in Figure 23.
As shown in Figure 23 and Figure 24, annular lamina member 740 is fixed on the lower member 606 of apical ring main body 500 by pin 741.A plurality of slip rings 744 are attached on the peripheral part of thin layer member 740 with the interval that equates.The last annular construction member 708a of snap ring 502 has a plurality of trundles 742 uniformly-spaced vertically to extend.Thereby trundle 742 is inserted in the slip ring 744 and slides in slip ring 744.The rotation of apical ring main body 500 is passed to snap ring 502 via thin layer member 740, slip ring 744 and trundle 742.Therefore, just rotation integratedly each other of apical ring main body 500 and snap ring 502.
In this example, because trundle 742 contacts with slip ring 744 so that large contact surface is long-pending, so can reduce the wearing and tearing of trundle 742 and slip ring 744.Therefore, annular construction member 708 just can vertically move smoothly.Therefore, just can normally operate snap ring 502.Rubber is suitable as the material of thin layer member 740.When thin layer member 740 is made by rubber, just can reduce the vibration of between apical ring main body 500 and snap ring 502, transmitting.
As mentioned above, can be by the extruding force of the fluid pressure of central compartment 660, ripple chamber 661, outside cabin 662 and the chamber, edge 663 of elasticity of supply barrier film 614 being controlled the extruding semiconductor wafer.Therefore, lower member 606 just should be provided with to such an extent that upwards leave polishing pad 22 in polishing process.Yet if snap ring 502 wearing and tearing, the distance between semiconductor wafer and the lower member 606 will change to change the mode of texturing of elastic diaphragm 614.Therefore, the surface pressure distribution on the semiconductor wafer also can change.The semiconductor wafer that this variation of surface pressure distribution can cause polishing produces unsettled profile.
In the example shown,, vertically moves snap ring 502, so even 708 wearing and tearing of the annular construction member of snap ring 502 also can keep constant distance between semiconductor wafer and lower member 606 because can being independent of lower member 606.Therefore, the profile of the semiconductor wafer of polishing can be stable.
In the example shown, elastic diaphragm 614 is arranged to contact with the whole surface of semiconductor wafer basically.Yet elastic diaphragm 614 can contact with at least a portion of semiconductor wafer.
In polishing process, because snap ring of apical ring 20 502 and polished surface 22a sliding-contact, so snap ring 502 (following annular construction member 708b) will wear and tear gradually.When snap ring 502 wore up to a certain degree, annular construction member 708 just can not be pressed on the polished surface 22a with desired pressure.Therefore, the profile of semiconductor wafer will change.Therefore, present embodiment uses the snap ring wear detector that is arranged on the pusher to measure the wear extent of snap ring 502.
Figure 25 is the cutaway view that shows the pusher with snap ring wear detector.As shown in figure 25, pusher 800 have be used to improve semiconductor wafer with allow semiconductor wafer be clamped in promotion platform 810 on the elastic diaphragm 614 of apical ring main body 500, be used to make apical ring 20 and pusher 800 centering snap ring guider 815, be used for vertically moving first air cylinder 818 that promotes platform 810 and being used for vertically moving second air cylinder 819 that promotes platform 810 and snap ring guide spare 815.
Promoting platform 810 is connected on first air cylinder 818 via first vertical shaft 821.First air cylinder 818 is connected on second air cylinder 819 via second vertical shaft 822.First vertical shaft 821 is slidably supported by the sliding guide piece 826 that is contained in the shell 825.Snap ring guide 815 is supported by first vertical shaft 821 via spring 830.Snap ring guide 815 has the groove 815a of surface formation in the top.Groove 815a contacts with the lower surface of the annular construction member 708 of snap ring 502.When second air cylinder 819 was operated with raising snap ring guide 815 and promoted platform 810, the bottom of annular construction member 708 will be assembled among the groove 815a.Therefore, just centering on pusher 800 of apical ring 20.At this moment, when apical ring 20 contacted with pusher 800, spring 830 was pressed down to absorb by snap ring guide 815 and impacts.
As shown in figure 25, eddy current sensor (snap ring wear detector) 840 is attached on the snap ring guide 815.Promotion platform 810 has the metal target plate 841 towards eddy current sensor 840.Eddy current sensor 840 uses Target Board 841 to measure the distance that promotes between platform 810 and the snap ring guide 815.The snap ring wear detector is not limited to eddy current sensor and can comprises the sensor of any type, comprises laser sensor, ultrasonic sensor and linear graduation sensor.
Two linear carrier 850 and 860 and two chip trays 870 and 880 by linear carrier 850 and 860 clampings that transmit semiconductor wafer W are arranged between apical ring 20 and the pusher 800.Semiconductor wafer via chip tray 870 and 880 by promoting that platform 810 is loaded on the apical ring 20 and removal from the apical ring 20.Linear conveyer 850 and 860 is used for transmitting semiconductor wafer W between polissoir and transfer robot (not shown).Linear conveyer 850 and 860 is configured to along continuous straight runs and moves.Linear carrier 850 is used to load semiconductor wafer, and linear carrier 860 is used for the removal semiconductor wafer.Linear carrier 850 is arranged in linear carrier 860 tops.Although linear carrier 850 and linear carrier 860 are shown as alignment with being perpendicular to one another in Figure 25, thereby in fact linear carrier 850 and linear carrier 860 can move concurrently and intersect each other.
When semiconductor wafer is loaded on the apical ring 20, promotes platform 810 liftings and have the chip tray 870 of the semiconductor wafer W that is placed on it semiconductor wafer W is delivered to apical ring 20.Then, semiconductor wafer W is clamped on the apical ring 20.When semiconductor wafer during removal, promotes platform 810 and promotes chip trays 880 to receive the semiconductor wafer W that discharges from apical ring 20 from apical ring 20.Therefore, semiconductor wafer W just places on the chip tray 880.Pusher 800 is arranged near polishing block 12 (referring to Figure 14).When semiconductor wafer was received by pusher 800 or carries, back shaft 14 will rotate, and apical ring 20 is located in pusher 800 tops like this.
The operation of pusher 800 is described with reference to Figure 25 to Figure 29 below.At first, as shown in Figure 26, linear carrier 850 moves, and has the top that the chip tray 870 of polished semiconductor wafer W is located in pusher 800 like this.Then, as shown in figure 27,819 operations of second air cylinder are to promote first air cylinder 818, to promote platform 810 and snap ring guide 815, and snap ring guide 815 just contacts with the lower surface of annular construction member 708 like this.In addition, as shown in figure 28,818 operations of first air cylinder promote platform 810 to promote.Therefore, chip tray 870 will promote with semiconductor wafer W.Then, semiconductor wafer W just is clamped to (or being attracted to) apical ring 20.Afterwards, apical ring 20 moves to the position of polishing block 12 tops.Therefore, semiconductor wafer W will be polished on polishing block 12.
After finishing polishing, back shaft 14 will rotate apical ring 20 is moved to the position above pusher 800.At this moment, linear carrier 860 will move, and pallet 880 will be positioned at pusher 800 tops like this.Then, 819 operations of second air cylinder are to promote first air cylinder 818, to promote platform 810 and snap ring guide 815, and snap ring guide 815 just contacts with the lower surface of annular construction member 708 like this.At this moment, as shown in figure 29, the semiconductor wafer W of having polished will and be placed on the chip tray 880 from apical ring 20 releases.819 operations of second air cylinder promote platform 810 and snap ring guide 815 to reduce.Then, linear carrier 860 moves semiconductor wafer W is delivered to the transfer robot (not shown).
When snap ring guide 815 contacts with annular construction member 708 lower surfaces (referring to Figure 27 and 29), will change the position of the snap ring guide 815 that supports by spring 830 according to the wear extent of annular construction member 708.Be fixed on first vertical shaft 821 because promote platform 810, so can fix the position that promotes platform 810 continuously.Controller 47 can operate so that be the snap ring guide of measuring by eddy current sensor 840 815 and promote distance between the platform 810 and reference value (initial distance) to calculate the wear extent of annular construction member 708 (snap ring 502).The variation (promoting the move distance of platform 810) of the measured value of eddy current sensor 840 was calculated and is got when the wear extent of annular construction member 708 (snap ring 502) can be promoted in snap ring guide 815 and snap ring 502 state of contact by promotion platform 810.Specifically, the data of the correlation between the wear extent of the variation of measured value of expression eddy current sensor 840 and annular construction member 708 can be stored in the memory device of controller 47 and be used for wear extent based on the change calculations annular construction member 708 of the measured value of eddy current sensor 840.
In traditional polissoir, eddy current sensor embeds in the polishing block, and metal target embeds in the snap ring.The position of described target is detected to measure the wear extent of snap ring by eddy current sensor.Yet, in this case, because polishing pad is between eddy current sensor and target, so need to consider the wear extent of polishing pad.Therefore, just be difficult to accurately measure the wear extent of snap ring.In the superincumbent example, eddy current sensor 840 can be carried out and measure and can not be subjected to the influence of polishing pad or other parts.Therefore, the wear extent of measure annular member 708 accurately.
When semiconductor wafer is loaded or wear extent that can measure annular member 708 during removal.When total wear extent of annular construction member 708 reached predetermined value, controller 47 sent signal and should change with indication annular construction member 708.The wear extent that is used for polishing or polishing group is recorded in the memory device of controller 47, so just can monitor the variation of wear extent by controller 47.If the wear extent of polishing or polishing group surpasses predetermined threshold, controller 47 will be determined execution normally of polishing.Below this operation will be described.
The wear extent of annular construction member 708 depends on various factors, comprises the concentration of abrasive particle in the extruding force (pressure in the balancing gate pit 710) that is applied on the annular construction member 708, the concentration that is included in the Main Ingredients and Appearance in the polishing fluid, the polishing fluid and the flow velocity of polishing fluid.The wear extent that is used for the annular construction member 708 (snap ring 502) of polishing is constant basically, unless these factors change.Therefore, when the wear extent of the annular construction member 708 that is used for polishing surpassed predetermined threshold, as can be seen, polishing was not normally carried out.In this case, for example, when the flow velocity of pressure in the balancing gate pit 710 and polishing fluid remains on predetermined value, just can think that the concentration of the composition of polishing fluid or abrasive particle is incorrect.Therefore, by using a plurality of sensors, just can specify the reason of unusual polishing.
In addition, the correlation between the polishing profile of the wear extent of annular construction member 708 and semiconductor wafer can be stored as polishing performance data (correlation data) in the memory device of controller 47.Can be in polishing process by the extruding force of controller 47 based on correlation data control annular construction member 708.For example, be used for the situation that the wear extent of the annular construction member 708 of polishing reduces therein, even annular construction member 708 still is pressed on the polishing pad 22 with identical extruding force, total, be not applied to polishing pad 22 so have enough pressure because the wear extent of annular construction member 708 improves.In this case, thus can wish that extruding force that controller 47 is proofreaied and correct annular construction member 708 based on correlation data prolongs the life-span of annular construction member 708.
In addition, can before beginning, polishing carry out the polishing simulation.In this case, can be by regulating the extruding force of annular construction member 708 and the internal pressure of centre chamber 660, ripple chamber 661, mistress 662 and chamber, edge 663 based on the data of analog result and expectation polishing profile, thus obtain suitable polishing profile.
Except the wear extent of annular construction member 708, can monitor that the variation of the wearing and tearing of polishing pad 22 determines whether polishing is normally carried out.Specifically, be used for the wear extent substantial constant of the polishing pad 22 of polishing, unless polishing condition for example the flow velocity of polishing fluid change.The variation of wear extent that therefore, can be by monitoring polishing pad 22 detects the variation of polishing condition.In this case, when the wear extent of the polishing pad 22 that is used for polishing or polishing group surpasses predetermined threshold (for example Yu Ding first threshold), just can determine execution normally of polishing.In addition, can prepare prescription in advance, for example comprise the polishing condition of the extruding force of the rotary speed of apical ring 20 and annular construction member 708 according to the wear extent of annular construction member 708.Prescription can respond the signal of self-controller 47 and change.In this case, can prolong the life-span of annular construction member 708.
Time per unit is called as stock removal rate hereinafter by the amount of the polishing pad 22 that trimmer 50 removes, and it depends on that trimmer 50 is pressed in the extruding force on the polished surface 22a and the shape of diamond particles.Therefore, owing to diamond particles weares and teares in the situation with constant compression power extruding trimmer 50 therein, so can reduce stock removal rate.In the present embodiment, stock removal rate (that is the displacement of unit interval polished surface 22a) is measured by above-mentioned displacement transducer 60.
In controller 47, stock removal rate is that the displacement (wear extent of polishing pad 22) of unit interval polished surface 22a is based on from the output signal (measured value) of displacement transducer 60 and calculates.The data in advance of correlation is input in the controller 47 between the wear extent of expression stock removal rate and trimmer 50 (being diamond particles).Then, controller 47 calculates the wear extent of trimmer 50 from data.When total wear extent of trimmer 50 reached predetermined value, controller 47 sent signal and should change with indication trimmer 50.Therefore, displacement transducer 60 also serves as the wearing and tearing that the trimmer wear detector detects trimmer 50.
As mentioned above, when diamond particles weares and teares, will reduce the amount that remains on the abrasive particle on the polished surface 22a.Therefore, will think that the wear extent (removing) of the snap ring 502 (annular construction member 708) that is used for polishing also can reduce.If when being used for the wear extent of the snap ring 502 of polishing or polishing group and being lower than predetermined threshold (for example Yu Ding second threshold value), controller 47 just can determine that polishing normally carries out.
The operation of trimmer 50 prescription (the finishing situation is for example repaired the rotary speed of time, trimmer 50 and trimmer 50 is pressed in extruding force on the polishing pad 22) can change by the wear extent of controller 47 according to trimmer 50.
As mentioned above, can detect in time the wear extent that changes and detect for example wear extent of annular construction member 708, polishing pad 22 and trimmer 50 of wearing terrain.Therefore, can be to realize following effect.
1) can detect and prolong life-span of each wearing terrain.Can detect and predict the replacing timing of wearing terrain.
2) can suitably control polishing condition by the wear extent of representing wearing terrain and the correlation data of polishing the accumulation of the correlation between the profile, these polishing conditions comprise the extruding situation of wearing terrain, the internal pressure of apical ring internal pressure chamber, the situation (temperature, pH etc.) of polishing fluid, the rotary speed of apical ring, the rotary speed of polishing block and the relative velocity between substrate and the polishing pad.
3) can detect the unusual of polishing.
Figure 30 is the schematic diagram that shows according to the apical ring in the polissoir of the sixth embodiment of the present invention 1020.As shown in figure 30, apical ring 1020 has snap ring 1302, and snap ring 1302 comprises annular construction member 1408a and following annular construction member 1408b.Figure 31 is an enlarged drawing of going up annular construction member 1408a and following annular construction member 1408b.As shown in figure 31, following annular construction member 1408b has the lower surface 1400 that contacts with polished surface 22a and goes up the conical surface 1401.Last annular construction member 1408a has the following conical surface 1402 that contacts with the last conical surface 1401 of following annular construction member 1408b.
Vertically the snap ring 1302 of Yi Donging is configured to radially mobile slightly along snap ring 1302.Frictional force that generates between snap ring 1302 and polished surface 22a and the radial load of clamp substrate W can be applied in polishing process on the snap ring 1302.Therefore, snap ring 1302 can be positioned at the downstream prejudicially along the direction of rotation of polishing block 22 in polishing process.In the present embodiment, shown in Figure 30 and 31, last annular construction member 1408a is converted to downward power FD at the radial load FR that contacts on the conical surface 1402 and 1401 will be applied on the retainer ring 1302 each other with following annular construction member 1408b.
Therefore, in the present embodiment, the last annular construction member 1408a with conical surface 1402 serves as the pressure control mechanism that is used for generating along the circumferencial direction of snap ring 1302 non-homogeneous pressure distribution with the following annular construction member 1408b with conical surface 1401.In particular, the extruding force of snap ring 1302 extruding polishing pads 22 is controlled so as to the higher pressure of part that the part that is positioned at the downstream along the direction of rotation of polishing block 12 is subjected to being positioned at than the direction of rotation along polishing block 12 upstream.Roller can be arranged between the conical surface 1401 and the conical surface 1402 to generate downward power smoothly.
Figure 32 is the part enlarged drawing that shows according to the apical ring in the polissoir of the seventh embodiment of the present invention.Shown in figure 32, apical ring had snap ring 502 shown in Figure 15 integrated and the 6th embodiment in the snap ring 2302 of snap ring 1302.Specifically, snap ring 2302 has annular construction member 2408, and annular construction member 2408 is divided into last annular construction member 2408a that contacts with piston 706 and the following annular construction member 2408b that contacts with polished surface 22a.Following annular construction member 2408b has the lower surface that contacts with polished surface 22a and goes up the conical surface 2401.Last annular construction member 2408a has the following conical surface 2402 that contacts with the conical surface 2401 of following annular construction member 2408b.Snap ring 1302 has a plurality of along balancing gate pit 710 that the circumferencial direction of snap ring 1302 separates.
In the present embodiment, because pressure control mechanism is to be formed by the last annular construction member 2408a of snap ring 2302 and following annular construction member 2408b, so do not need to provide a plurality of balancing gate pits 710.Yet, a plurality of balancing gate pits 710 can be set in snap ring 2302.
Because balancing gate pit 710 is arranged on annular construction member 2408a top,, be restricted unless go up moving both vertically of annular construction member 2408a so balancing gate pit 710 can absorb the downward power that generates by the contact conical surface 2402 and 2401.In this case, those power greater than the power that is applied by balancing gate pit 710 can not be applied on the annular construction member 2408.Therefore, in the present embodiment, confining part 2800 can be set on the inner circumferential surface of cylinder 700.Confining part 2800 can contact to limit moving both vertically of annular construction member 2408a with last annular construction member 2408a.For example, confining part 2800 can be made by the rubber with big coefficient of friction.
Use this confining part 2800, can prevent that annular construction member 2408a from raising in the downstream along the direction of rotation of polishing block 22.Therefore, just can improve by the conical surface 2402 and 2401 the power that generates that contacts, thereby greater than the power that generates by balancing gate pit 710.Therefore, just can on the position in downstream, improve the extruding force of snap ring 2302 really along the direction of rotation of polishing block 22.As the 6th embodiment, roller can be arranged between the conical surface 2401 and the conical surface 2402.
Though shown and described some preferred embodiment of the present invention in detail, should be appreciated that the scope that to make various changes and variant therein and not break away from appended claims.
Industrial applicibility
The present invention be suitable for polishing substrate for example semiconductor wafer be the accurately machined polishing of flat minute surface Equipment.
Claims (32)
1. polissoir comprises:
Polished surface;
The apical ring that is used for clamp substrate;
Be used for supplying with the polishing fluid supply nozzle of polishing fluid to described polished surface;
Thereby be used for penetrating gas is removed polishing fluid from the measure portion of described polished surface nozzle towards described polished surface; With
Be used to detect the distance measurement sensor of position of the described polished surface of measurement section office.
2. polissoir comprises:
Polished surface; With
The apical ring that is used for clamp substrate, described apical ring has the snap ring of the peripheral part that is used for clamp substrate,
Wherein said snap ring comprises:
Rolling diaphragm with the balancing gate pit that forms therein,
Thereby be used for to the balancing gate pit supply with fluid described rolling diaphragm is vertically expanded or the passage that shrinks and
According to described rolling diaphragm annular construction member movably vertically, described annular construction member contacts with described polished surface.
3. polissoir as claimed in claim 2 is characterized in that, described snap ring also comprises:
Wherein accommodate the cylinder of described rolling diaphragm,
Be designed to described rolling diaphragm be clamped on the described cylinder clamper and
In cylinder interior piston mobile vertically, described piston is connected to described rolling diaphragm.
4. polissoir comprises:
Polished surface;
The apical ring that is used for clamp substrate; With
Apical ring axle movably vertically, described apical ring is connected to described apical ring axle,
Wherein said apical ring comprises:
Be connected to the upper component of described apical ring axle,
The elastic diaphragm that contacts with at least a portion of substrate,
Be connected to described elastic diaphragm lower member and
Be designed to described lower member is removably fixed to the securing member of described upper component.
5. polissoir as claimed in claim 4 is characterized in that, described apical ring also comprises:
Be designed to described elastic diaphragm is clamped in clamper on the described lower member, described clamper has hook, and
Retainer has the bonding part with the hook joint of described clamper.
6. polissoir as claimed in claim 5 is characterized in that, described retainer is cylindrical,
Wherein said bonding part part forms along the circumferencial direction of retainer.
7. polissoir as claimed in claim 6 is characterized in that described bonding part thickeies gradually along the circumferencial direction of described retainer.
8. polissoir as claimed in claim 4 is characterized in that, described apical ring also comprises:
The snap ring that is used for the peripheral part of clamp substrate,
Be designed to prevent polishing fluid enter described snap ring and described upper component and described lower member one of at least between containment member.
9. polissoir comprises:
Polishing pad with polished surface;
Be designed to apical ring main body towards described polished surface extruding substrate;
Be designed to push the snap ring of described polished surface, described snap ring is arranged on the periphery office of described apical ring main body;
Be used to repair the trimmer of described polished surface;
Be used for detecting the wear detector of wearing and tearing of at least one parts of described polissoir; With
Arithmetical unit operationally based on the wear extent of described at least one parts of calculated signals of described wear detector, and determines based on polishing or the wear extent of organizing polishing whether polishing is normally carried out more.
10. polissoir as claimed in claim 9 is characterized in that, described arithmetical unit operationally based on polishing or organize the wear extent of polishing more and predetermined threshold whether relatively detect polishing unusual.
11. polissoir as claimed in claim 9 is characterized in that, described arithmetical unit determines operationally whether total wear extent of described at least one parts reaches predetermined value.
12. polissoir as claimed in claim 9 is characterized in that, described wear detector comprises the snap ring wear detector of the wearing and tearing that are used to detect described snap ring.
13. polissoir as claimed in claim 12 is characterized in that, also comprise operationally from described apical ring main body receiving substrate and transmitting the pusher of substrate to described apical ring main body, and described snap ring wear detector is arranged in the described pusher.
14. polissoir as claimed in claim 13 is characterized in that, described pusher comprises:
The snap ring guider that contacts with the lower surface of described snap ring and
Operationally substrate is shifted onto the promotion platform on the lower surface of described apical ring main body,
Wherein said snap ring wear detector is operationally measured the distance between described snap ring guider and described promotion platform.
15. polissoir as claimed in claim 12 is characterized in that, the extruding force of described apical ring main body extruding substrate changes according to the wear extent of described snap ring.
16. polissoir as claimed in claim 9 is characterized in that, described wear detector comprises the polishing pad wear detector of the wearing and tearing that are used to detect described polishing pad.
17. polissoir as claimed in claim 16 is characterized in that, when described trimmer contacted described polished surface, described polishing pad wear detector was operationally measured the position of described trimmer.
18. polissoir as claimed in claim 9 is characterized in that, also comprises the trimmer wear detector of the wearing and tearing that are used to detect described trimmer.
19. polissoir as claimed in claim 18 is characterized in that, when described trimmer contacted described polished surface, described trimmer wear detector was operationally measured the position of described trimmer,
Wherein said arithmetical unit operationally calculates the wear extent of described trimmer based on the calculated signals cutting rate of described trimmer wear detector and based on the cutting rate that calculates, and this cutting rate refers to the amount of the described polishing pad that described trimmer time per unit removes.
20. polissoir as claimed in claim 19 is characterized in that, the finishing time of described trimmer, rotary speed and described trimmer are pressed towards the changing according to the wear extent of described trimmer one of at least of extruding force of described polishing pad.
21. polissoir as claimed in claim 9 is characterized in that, described snap ring also comprises:
Rolling diaphragm with the balancing gate pit that forms therein,
Thereby be used for to the balancing gate pit supply with fluid described rolling diaphragm is vertically expanded or the passage that shrinks and
According to described rolling diaphragm annular construction member movably vertically, described annular construction member contacts with described polished surface.
22. a polissoir comprises:
Polishing pad with polished surface;
Be designed to apical ring main body towards described polished surface extruding substrate; With
Be designed to push the snap ring of described polished surface, described snap ring is arranged on the periphery office of described apical ring main body;
Wherein said snap ring comprises:
Rolling diaphragm with the balancing gate pit that forms therein,
Thereby be used for to the balancing gate pit supply with fluid described rolling diaphragm is vertically expanded or the passage that shrinks and
According to described rolling diaphragm annular construction member movably vertically, described annular construction member contacts with described polished surface,
Wherein accommodate described rolling diaphragm cylinder and
The connecting plate that can vertically expand and shrink covers gap between described cylinder and described annular construction member thereby described connecting plate connects described cylinder and described annular construction member.
23. a polissoir comprises:
Polishing pad with polished surface;
Be designed to apical ring main body towards described polished surface extruding substrate;
Be designed to push the snap ring of described polished surface, described snap ring is arranged on the periphery office of described apical ring main body;
Be fixed to the annular sheet member of described apical ring main body;
Be connected to a plurality of slip rings of described annular sheet member; With
Be fixed to a plurality of trundles of described snap ring, described trundle is inserted in the described slip ring so that in described slip ring inside slidably.
24. a polissoir comprises:
Polishing pad with polished surface;
Be designed to apical ring main body towards described polished surface extruding substrate;
Be designed to push the snap ring of described polished surface, described snap ring is arranged on the periphery office of described apical ring main body;
Be arranged on the elastic diaphragm at described apical ring lower body part place, described elastic diaphragm contacts with at least a portion substrate; With
Cover the containment member in the gap between described elastic diaphragm and the described snap ring.
25. a polissoir comprises:
Polishing pad with polished surface;
Be designed to apical ring main body towards described polished surface extruding substrate;
Be designed to push the snap ring of described polished surface, described snap ring is arranged on the periphery office of described apical ring main body;
Operationally receive substrate and transmit the pusher of substrate to it from described apical ring main body; And
Be used to detect the snap ring wear detector of the wearing and tearing of described snap ring, described snap ring wear detector is arranged in the described pusher.
26. polissoir as claimed in claim 25 is characterized in that, described pusher comprises:
The snap ring guider that contacts with the lower surface of described snap ring and
Operationally substrate is shifted onto the promotion platform on the lower surface of described apical ring main body,
Wherein said snap ring wear detector is operationally measured the distance between described snap ring guider and the described promotion platform.
27. a polissoir comprises:
Polished surface;
Be designed to apical ring main body towards described polished surface extruding substrate; And
Be designed to push the snap ring of described polished surface, described snap ring is arranged on the periphery office of described apical ring main body;
Wherein said snap ring comprises pressure control mechanism, and this mechanism operationally controls the pressure of snap ring extruding polished surface, thereby generates pressure distribution heterogeneous along the circumferencial direction of snap ring.
28. polissoir as claimed in claim 27 is characterized in that, described pressure control mechanism comprises:
The annular construction member that contacts with described polished surface;
Be designed to described annular construction member is expressed to a plurality of balancing gate pits of described polished surface; With
Be used for a plurality of passages to the controlled fluid of described a plurality of balancing gate pits supply pressure independence.
29. polissoir as claimed in claim 27 is characterized in that, described pressure control mechanism comprises:
Lower annular member with the top conical surface and the lower surface that contacts with polished surface; With
Upper, annular member with bottom conical surface, thus the bottom conical surface contacts with the top conical surface of lower annular member and makes the radial load that imposes on described lower annular member convert downward power to.
30. polissoir as claimed in claim 27 is characterized in that, described pressure control mechanism comprises:
Lower annular member with the top conical surface and the lower surface that contacts with polished surface;
Upper, annular member with bottom conical surface, thus the bottom conical surface contacts with the top conical surface of lower annular member and makes the radial load that imposes on described lower annular member convert downward power to;
Be designed to push at least one balancing gate pit of described upper, annular member towards described polished surface;
Be used at least one passage to the controlled fluid of described at least one balancing gate pit's supply pressure; With
Thereby contact the confining part that moves both vertically that limits described upper, annular member with described upper, annular member.
31. polissoir as claimed in claim 27 is characterized in that, described pressure control mechanism operationally pushes the pressure of polished surface according to the rotation control snap ring of apical ring main body, thereby produces constant pressure distribution heterogeneous in stationary system.
32. polissoir as claimed in claim 31, it is characterized in that, described pressure control mechanism is operationally controlled the pressure of snap ring extruding polished surface, is higher than the part that is positioned at along the direction of rotation upstream of polished surface so that be positioned at the pressure that is subjected to along the part in the direction of rotation downstream of polished surface.
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2004318581 | 2004-11-01 | ||
| JP2004318581A JP4597634B2 (en) | 2004-11-01 | 2004-11-01 | Top ring, substrate polishing apparatus and polishing method |
| JP2005079166 | 2005-03-18 | ||
| JP2005145566 | 2005-05-18 |
Related Parent Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNB2005800375590A Division CN100466191C (en) | 2004-11-01 | 2005-10-31 | Polishing device |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN101585164A true CN101585164A (en) | 2009-11-25 |
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ID=36722909
Family Applications (2)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNA2008101657960A Pending CN101585164A (en) | 2004-11-01 | 2005-10-31 | Polishing apparatus |
| CNB2005800375590A Active CN100466191C (en) | 2004-11-01 | 2005-10-31 | Polishing device |
Family Applications After (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNB2005800375590A Active CN100466191C (en) | 2004-11-01 | 2005-10-31 | Polishing device |
Country Status (2)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (2) | JP4597634B2 (en) |
| CN (2) | CN101585164A (en) |
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| CN102314082A (en) * | 2010-06-28 | 2012-01-11 | 信越化学工业株式会社 | Method for manufacturing electronic grade synthetic quartz glass substrate |
| CN102314082B (en) * | 2010-06-28 | 2016-01-20 | 信越化学工业株式会社 | For the manufacture of the method for electronic grade synthetic quartz glass substrate |
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| CN117161947A (en) * | 2022-10-13 | 2023-12-05 | 北京特思迪半导体设备有限公司 | Wafer batch polishing equipment, down force control method and equipment |
| CN117161947B (en) * | 2022-10-13 | 2024-02-06 | 北京特思迪半导体设备有限公司 | Wafer batch polishing equipment, down force control method and equipment |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JP5113777B2 (en) | 2013-01-09 |
| CN100466191C (en) | 2009-03-04 |
| JP4597634B2 (en) | 2010-12-15 |
| CN101053069A (en) | 2007-10-10 |
| JP2009131955A (en) | 2009-06-18 |
| JP2006128582A (en) | 2006-05-18 |
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