CN101576739B - Method for intelligent automatic control of energy-saving operation of coal-fired industrial boiler - Google Patents
Method for intelligent automatic control of energy-saving operation of coal-fired industrial boiler Download PDFInfo
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- CN101576739B CN101576739B CN2009100338500A CN200910033850A CN101576739B CN 101576739 B CN101576739 B CN 101576739B CN 2009100338500 A CN2009100338500 A CN 2009100338500A CN 200910033850 A CN200910033850 A CN 200910033850A CN 101576739 B CN101576739 B CN 101576739B
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 33
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 claims description 41
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 10
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000001939 inductive effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 5
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 3
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003546 flue gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000010144 wind-pollination Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012467 final product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002309 gasification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000007 visual effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method for intelligent automatic control of energy-saving operation of a coal-fired industrial boiler, which is finished by an automatic control device, wherein the device comprises a processor, a storing device, a sensor and an actuating mechanism. The method comprises the following steps: 1) acquiring control parameters: firstly, recording corresponding operations to the boiler by an expert or an experienced fireman aiming at different working condition points during certain period, then processing the parameters of the working condition points and the corresponding operations by the processor to obtain the corresponding relation between the parameters of the working condition points and the operations, and storing the parameters in the storing device; and 2) controlling the boiler automatically according to the acquired parameters: giving out an order to the actuating mechanism by the processor according to the corresponding relation obtained in the step 1) through the parameters of the running working condition of the boiler acquired by the sensor, and performing automatic control on the boiler. Compared with the prior art, the method solves the problems in the prior art and can automatically adjust the running of the coal-fired industrial boiler simply and reliably, and the most important thing is that the method achieves the high-efficiency running of the boiler.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to technical field of industrial automatic control, specifically is a kind of method for intelligent automatic control of energy-saving operation of coal-fired industrial boiler and device.
Background technology
The problem that existing coal-burned industrial boiler is in operation and exists:
1, the coal-burned industrial boiler new product when dispatching from the factory according to national Specification all need to carry out thermal testing and and identify that the thermal efficiency index that does not reach national regulation then can not be dispatched from the factory, this is strict, and permits of no carelessness.The problem here is; Is the testing efficiency that why dispatches from the factory higher, and the thermal efficiency can not keep and continue descending when operation? this be because; The combustion conditions of boiler operatiopn all is in optimum condition when dispatching from the factory thermal testing, the adjustment of the operating condition of all main and auxiliary machines all is to be finished according to actual states such as at that time environment, coals by the professional of factory, can understand like this, be that the expert is at burning boiler.And the stoker personnel's of most boiler operatiopns operation operant level has been compared certain gap with the expert, moreover people's degree of being devoted to one's duty is compared with intelligentized control machinery certain gap is also arranged.Operational efficiency that Here it is is always less than one of reason of testing efficiency.
2, inefficent online detection instrument of most coal-burning boilers and Presentation Function, boiler room managerial personnel and fireman can not accurately grasp the actual operating state of boiler at any time, and preferred adjustment is not then known where to begin.
3, especially subsidiary engine is more coarse, combustion apparatus is second-rate and along with the increase of working time for the main and auxiliary machinery of coal-burned industrial boiler, its equipment working condition and performance all can descend, until can not normally moving, and whether boiler room managerial personnel and operative employee often can keep and the state that newly dispatches from the factory the main frame of boiler and the function and the performance index of all kinds of subsidiary engines; Though or performance index descend to some extent, whether still can keep index such as the normal operation of boiler to have no way of finding out about it, just be far from being certainly rationally and accurate adjustment.
4, the operation of boiler makes land used and tests that parameter indexs such as on-site environment temperature, atmospheric pressure, air oxygen level, coal have than big-difference often, and the managerial personnel of boiler room and operating personnel are difficult to make and judge accurately and adjust.
5, the operation of present most coal-burned industrial boilers control and adjusting also are on the operant level of manual adjustment.Also there is not a kind of practicable intelligentized control method.
Because coal-burned industrial boiler combustion process very complicated (for example parameter indexs such as the on-site environment temperature of the use of boiler, atmospheric pressure, air oxygen level and coal have than big-difference often), there is very big uncertainty in combustion process, so mostly the control of coal-burned industrial boiler is by manually finishing, specifically, the visual properties of observing the burning of instrument or burner hearth by the stoker personnel exactly comes coal-air ratio, furnace pressure etc. to boiler to adjust.Adjusting coal-air ratio, furnace pressure etc. can be by corresponding topworkies of mode switch such as button are manual.For some medium small boilers, the investment intensity of method is lower above adopting, but to stoker personnel's competency profilings such as experience than higher, automaticity is very low.For some large-sized boilers, can complicated boiler parameter online acquisition device be set by employing, cooperate large-scale automation control system to finish the robotization control of coal-burned industrial boiler, like this, though can carry out robotization control to coal-burning boiler fairly perfectly, but investment intensity is too big, only is applicable to some heat power stations etc.
Summary of the invention
The technical matters that the present invention's invention will solve is as follows:
1, the software of control machinery can be simulated the control method of expert to coal-burned industrial boiler operation, at various coals and environmental index and burden requirement, by electrical equipment and various mechanical actuating mechanism, realizes the control from view of profit and the adjustment of boiler operatiopn automatically.And the control method of this simulation expert system will be avoided conventional thought, promptly; With the sensing system of a large amount of value costlinesses, online acquisition signal, the input computer system, by computed in software, the instruction of output control signal, thus realize intelligent automatic control.But this method investment intensity is very big, is difficult to realize market large tracts of land popularization.
2, the operational efficiency situation that energy-saving controller can online demonstration boiler can be imported boiler operatiopn and regulate necessary various parameter and calculate by program, to all kinds of topworkies output action instruction of boiler operatiopn.
3, the man-machine dialog interface of control machinery can be simulated the expert equipment working condition and the performance satisfaction of the main and auxiliary machine of coal-burned industrial boiler system equipment are judged, makes indication and warning timely.Prompting boiler room managerial personnel carry out necessary maintenance of equipment and maintenance.
Technical essential of the present invention is; Adopt this method, do not need to install a large amount of sensors, only in control device, increase study, memory program, automatically record expert or experienced fireman over a period to come with the operation operating point of some, automatically robotization control and adjusting are carried out in boiler operatiopn then, concrete technical scheme is as follows:
A kind of method for intelligent automatic control of energy-saving operation of coal-fired industrial boiler, this method is finished by automaton, and described device comprises processor, storer, sensor and topworks; Step comprises:
1) obtain controlled variable:
Record expert or experienced stoker personnel do corresponding operation at different operating points to boiler over a period to come earlier, described operating point parameter of processor processing and corresponding operation, obtain the corresponding relation between operating point parameter and the operation, and be stored in the storer;
2) according to obtaining the automatic stoker of parameter:
The boiler operatiopn operating point parameter that processor obtains by sensor, the corresponding relation according to step 1) obtains sends instruction to topworks, and boiler is carried out automatic stoker.
Described sensor comprises the efficient instrument of boiler.For the grate firing type boiler, sensor comprises the temperature sensor in burning segment coal seam and/or the efficient instrument of boiler.
Operating point is meant the indication of the efficient instrument of boiler, and the operating point parameter is efficiency value.For the grate firing type boiler, operating point is meant the temperature in burning segment coal seam, and the operating point parameter is temperature; Or operating point is meant the indication of the efficient instrument of boiler, and the operating point parameter is efficiency value; Or operating point is meant the indication of the efficient instrument of the temperature in burning segment coal seam and boiler, and the operating point parameter is the set of described temperature and efficiency value.
Corresponding operation comprise to energy-output ratio be coal input quantity adjustment, one or more set during coal-air ratio is adjusted or furnace pressure adjusted.
Processor for recording expert or experienced stoker personnel do corresponding operation information at different operating point parameters to boiler over a period to come, are independent variable with the parameter of operating point, and the corresponding dependent variable that is operating as is handled and obtained funtcional relationship; When automatic stoker's state,, topworks is sent action command with reference to funtcional relationship by handling it according to the operating point information that sensor transmits.
For adjacent operating point, parameter is that the corresponding relation of independent variable and operation dependent variable is ratio or inversely prroportional relationship.
Over a period to come, be independent variable to same parameter, corresponding a plurality of operations are that dependent variable is averaged, this mean value is that a plurality of operations are the arithmetic mean number of dependent variable.
Described after the funtcional relationship obtained before covering of the funtcional relationship obtained.
Compared with prior art, the invention solves problems of the prior art, can regulate coal-burned industrial boiler operation automatically simply, reliably, the most important thing is to realize the high-efficiency operation of boiler.
As the function expansion, can also connect pre-/warning device by described controller, point out the boiler managerial personnel to carry out necessary maintenance of equipment and maintenance automatically.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is among the embodiment, realizes the automaton theory diagram of this method.
Fig. 2 is a grate-firing coal burning boiler principle of work synoptic diagram.
Fig. 3 be among the embodiment for same independent variable, the curve synoptic diagram of the dependent variable that a plurality of time points are gathered.
Fig. 4 be among the embodiment to be coal input quantity adjustment to energy-output ratio, to anemophily than the curve synoptic diagram of adjusting and furnace pressure is adjusted set.
Among Fig. 2, fire grate driving wheel 1, fire grate 2, coal bunker 3, coal gate 4, coal 5, coal seam 6, burning segment 7, pressure fan 8, induced draft fan 9, isobaric wind storehouse 10.
Open the coal gate of fire grate top coal bunker, coal is put on the fire grate.Because the restriction of coal gate opening, the coal on the fire grate becomes stratiform, and adjusts the thickness that the coal gate openings of sizes can change the coal seam.Fire grate drive wheel fire grate moves by (similar driving-belt), the ribbing is gone into the burning zone of burner hearth.Every layer directly burns on fire grate in burner hearth, until burning, is taken out of the burning zone of burner hearth at last by fire grate, and deslagging gets final product.
Pressure fan is in the preceding bottom of fire grate, and induced draft fan is at the fire grate rear lower, and fire grate is in isobaric wind storehouse.
Embodiment
With the application of the present invention in the grate firing type boiler, the invention will be further described below.
A kind of method for intelligent automatic control of energy-saving operation of coal-fired industrial boiler, this method is finished by automaton, and described device comprises processor, storer, sensor, keyboard, topworks and pre-/warning device; Step comprises:
1) obtain controlled variable: record expert or experienced stoker personnel do corresponding operation at different operating points to boiler over a period to come earlier, described operating point parameter of processor processing and corresponding operation, obtain the corresponding relation between operating point parameter and the operation, and be stored in the storer;
2) according to obtaining the automatic stoker of parameter: the boiler operatiopn operating point parameter that processor obtains by sensor, the corresponding relation according to step 1) obtains sends instruction to topworks, and boiler is carried out automatic stoker.
The described regular period, in initial half a year of using, this time period is shorter, generally can be about 3 days at new boiler, and the density of record operating point is 2 hours 1 time.After boiler used a period of time, the collection required time of operating point and density were carried out suitable adjustment as required.
Described sensor comprises the efficient instrument of boiler and the temperature sensor in burning segment coal seam.Operating point is meant the indication of the efficient instrument of boiler, and the temperature in burning segment coal seam.
At this moment, the operating point parameter is the set of efficiency value and coal seam temperature.Corresponding operation comprise to energy-output ratio be coal input quantity adjustment, set that coal-air ratio is adjusted or furnace pressure is adjusted.
Processor for recording expert or experienced stoker personnel do corresponding operation information at different operating point parameters to boiler over a period to come, are independent variable with the parameter of operating point, and the corresponding dependent variable that is operating as is handled and obtained funtcional relationship; When automatic stoker's state,, topworks is sent action command with reference to funtcional relationship by handling it according to the operating point information that sensor transmits.
For adjacent operating point, parameter is that the corresponding relation of independent variable and operation dependent variable is ratio or inversely prroportional relationship.Over a period to come, be independent variable to same parameter, corresponding a plurality of operations are that dependent variable is averaged, this mean value is that a plurality of operations are the arithmetic mean number of dependent variable.For dependent variable for be coal input quantity adjustment to energy-output ratio, under the situation of anemophily than the set of adjusting or furnace pressure being adjusted, each adjustment mode is got the arithmetic mean number.
Described after the funtcional relationship obtained before covering of the funtcional relationship obtained.For example for new boiler, because more stable, funtcional relationship formerly is applicable to initial half a year; But along with use, boiler itself or operation change, and just need redefine funtcional relationship; Because to old nonreversibility, funtcional relationship formerly is just inapplicable by new for boiler.Equally, the variation with coal and season etc. also needs to redefine funtcional relationship.
In this example, as Fig. 1, described automaton device comprises processor, storer, sensor, topworks and pre-/warning device.Processor selection LPC2100 series A RM7 microcontroller, this microcontroller self-contained storing devices.Microcontroller is by the work of relay control executing mechanism.
In this method, be in the time of can determining the automaton device by keyboard input and obtain the controlled variable state and be in automatic stoker's state also the time.
Concrete method of adjustment is as follows:
1, energy-output ratio (coal input quantity) selects excellent adjustment automatically;
Because the burden requirement and the coal of boiler operatiopn often change, make boiler rationally and energy-saving run, must carry out dynamic adjustments to energy-output ratio (coal input quantity), existing regulating measure all is to depend on fireman's manual adjustments, the people does not go or untimely carrying out, or the adjusting experience is wrong, and incorrect, out of true all can cause the decline of boiler efficiency and the waste of the energy.
This processor can basis the computing method (being described funtcional relationship) of demand for energy (going up the coal amount), automatically carrying out software program calculates, send work order, automatically the operation of control coaling machine tool (being topworks) and accurately adjustment, thus best energy-output ratio (coal input quantity) effectively controlled.
2, coal-air ratio adjustment;
Burning of coal needs oxygen, and the source of oxygen is directly to replenish air or replenish by the machinery of blowing to add overheated hot-air, and coal combustion and needed air capacity have certain proportion relation, the too much or very few abundant after-flame that all is unfavorable for coal.To this; The one, correctly select, the 2nd, be accompanied by the change that situations such as coal, load take place, must adjust timely, correct selection coal-air ratio is the key of burning, present most coal-burned industrial boilers are grate furnace especially, all be the fireman by rule of thumb, adopt multi-form manual control and adjusting, this mode lags behind and coarse often.
This processor can basis the computing method (being described funtcional relationship) that obtain of expert's empirical parameter that coal-air ratio is provided, automatically carrying out software program calculates, send work order, regulating command is sent in adjusting (being topworks) to the machinery of blowing, the correct size of selecting and regulating air output, make coal-air ratio keep optimum condition, thereby make the combustion conditions of boiler be in the best.
3, furnace pressure is adjusted automatically
Coal is understood some in the process of burning gasification substance is separated out, and the air of sending in conjunction with air-supply machinery forms a large amount of high-temperature flue gas, to hearth outer wall generation pressure; The most methods that adopt mechanical air inducing of existing mechanical coal-burned industrial boiler, the compulsory row of flue gas that combustion process is produced is to atmospheric envelope.Also there is certain proportionate relationship between air output and the air inducing amount, produce different pressures therefrom to hearth wall, we are referred to as operating modes such as negative-pressure firing, pressurized firing, pressure combustion, and adopt which type of combustion conditions, design by the boiler design personnel and determine and can not run counter to and arbitrarily change.Otherwise the normal combustion that can have influence on boiler is directed at the decline of the thermal efficiency, because air output needs timeliness to regulate, the air inducing amount also just need be carried out the servo-actuated adjustment, and this adjustment also is that the fireman manually finishes by rule of thumb at present.
This processor can basis the computing method (being described funtcional relationship) that obtain of expert's empirical parameter that furnace pressure is provided, automatically carrying out software program calculates, choose the ratio of air output and air inducing amount, regulate execution machinery to the induced draft fan air quantity and send regulating command, the scope of choosing of the given burner hearth working pressure of executive expert accurately, thereby the air inducing amount is adjusted in servo-actuated automatically, makes burner hearth working pressure situation be in the best.The energy-efficient operation that keeps boiler.
When expert or experienced stoker personnel concrete operations, can be with reference in the temperature in boiler efficiency value and burning segment coal seam one or both, do top three kinds of in adjusting one or more.In this example,, can contain multiple operation possibility, equally one or more the set in three kinds of top adjustment as dependent variable of the set of the temperature of examining boiler efficiency value and burning segment coal seam as independent variable.
The funtcional relationship of independent variable and dependent variable is fairly simple, is very easy to when writing software, also is easy to safeguard, and is especially very suitable in Industry Control.Because funtcional relationship and processor are more common in the prior art to the programmed method of each device control, in this example, just funtcional relationship and the processor concrete programmed method to each device control has not been further limited.
Because described independent variable and choosing of dependent variable are depended on concrete operations personnel subjective factor, so concrete parameter value and corresponding operational difference are very big.But, accurately find out the reason of its decrease in efficiency and propose rational and effective energy-saving run control method, going to realize control automatically and adjusting by intelligentized coal-burned industrial boiler Energy Saving Control machinery, thereby guarantee the energy-saving run of the long-term continuous and effective of boiler, is the essentiality content of this method.
Claims (6)
1. method for intelligent automatic control of energy-saving operation of coal-fired industrial boiler is characterized in that this method finished by automaton, and described device comprises processor, storer, sensor and topworks; Step comprises:
1) obtain controlled variable:
Record expert or experienced stoker personnel do corresponding operation at different operating points to boiler over a period to come earlier, described operating point parameter of processor processing and corresponding operation, obtain the corresponding relation between operating point parameter and the operation, and be stored in the storer;
2) according to obtaining the automatic stoker of parameter:
The boiler operatiopn operating point parameter that processor obtains by sensor, the corresponding relation according to step 1) obtains sends instruction to topworks, and boiler is carried out automatic stoker;
Corresponding operation comprise to energy-output ratio be coal input quantity adjustment, one or more set during coal-air ratio is adjusted or furnace pressure adjusted;
Processor for recording expert or experienced stoker personnel do corresponding operation information at different operating point parameters to boiler over a period to come, are independent variable with the parameter of operating point, and the corresponding dependent variable that is operating as is handled and obtained funtcional relationship; When automatic stoker's state,, topworks is sent action command with reference to funtcional relationship by handling it according to the operating point information that sensor transmits;
For adjacent operating point, parameter is that the corresponding relation of independent variable and operation dependent variable is ratio or inversely prroportional relationship;
Over a period to come, be independent variable to same parameter, corresponding a plurality of operations are that dependent variable is averaged, this mean value is that a plurality of operations are the arithmetic mean number of dependent variable.
2. method for intelligent automatic control of energy-saving operation of coal-fired industrial boiler according to claim 1 is characterized in that described sensor comprises the efficient instrument of boiler.
3. method for intelligent automatic control of energy-saving operation of coal-fired industrial boiler according to claim 1 is characterized in that for the grate firing type boiler, and sensor comprises the temperature sensor in burning segment coal seam and/or the efficient instrument of boiler.
4. method for intelligent automatic control of energy-saving operation of coal-fired industrial boiler according to claim 2 is characterized in that operating point is meant the indication of the efficient instrument of boiler, and the operating point parameter is efficiency value.
5. method for intelligent automatic control of energy-saving operation of coal-fired industrial boiler according to claim 3 is characterized in that describedly for the grate firing type boiler, and operating point is meant the temperature in burning segment coal seam, and the operating point parameter is temperature; Or operating point is meant the indication of the efficient instrument of boiler, and the operating point parameter is efficiency value; Or operating point is meant the indication of the efficient instrument of the temperature in burning segment coal seam and boiler, and the operating point parameter is the set of described temperature and efficiency value.
6. method for intelligent automatic control of energy-saving operation of coal-fired industrial boiler according to claim 1, it is characterized in that described after the funtcional relationship obtained before covering of the funtcional relationship obtained.
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CN101776925B (en) * | 2010-01-27 | 2011-08-24 | 中国神华能源股份有限公司 | Method for reducing flue gas temperature of thermal power generating units |
WO2017092059A1 (en) * | 2015-12-04 | 2017-06-08 | 深圳智慧能源技术有限公司 | Control logic parameter threshold value quick adjustment system for injection combustion apparatus |
CN105351966A (en) * | 2015-12-04 | 2016-02-24 | 深圳智慧能源技术有限公司 | Quick adjustment system for control logic parameter threshold values of ejection type combustion device |
CN108050528A (en) * | 2017-11-21 | 2018-05-18 | 北京石油化工学院 | A kind of waste incinerator control method, device and system |
CN111396922A (en) * | 2020-03-20 | 2020-07-10 | 辽宁汇德电气有限公司 | General energy-saving control system for grate firing boiler |
CN112664975B (en) * | 2020-12-30 | 2022-04-05 | 江苏海洋大学 | Air volume control method suitable for pulverized coal fired boiler |
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Effective date of registration: 20180504 Address after: 210012 West, first floor, 1 building, Zawa science and Technology Park, 23 flower god Avenue, Yuhuatai District, Nanjing, Jiangsu. Patentee after: Nanjing Rentaifaen Electric Co., Ltd. Address before: No. 29-1, sub cellar mountain, Qinhuai District, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province Patentee before: Wang Xining |
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