CN101576516B - Gas radiation detector and radiography system - Google Patents
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- G01T—MEASUREMENT OF NUCLEAR OR X-RADIATION
- G01T1/00—Measuring X-radiation, gamma radiation, corpuscular radiation, or cosmic radiation
- G01T1/16—Measuring radiation intensity
- G01T1/185—Measuring radiation intensity with ionisation chamber arrangements
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Abstract
The invention relates to a gas radiation detector, which comprises an electrode couple comprising a plurality of sub-electrode couples arranged along the incident direction of rays. The gas radiation detector achieves the function of measuring a plurality of energy rays at the same time in a same gas chamber, has the advantages of low material cost, simple geometrical structure, simple operation and long service life, can flexibly adjust the types and the pressure of gas according to applied ray energy ranges so as to achieve high detection efficiency, and solves the problem that a low-energy detector of a dual-energy solid detector is extremely thin and is difficult to manufacture; besides, the same gas chamber ensures high consistency of all paths of signals and simple subsequent data processing. The gas radiation detector can be widely applied to the field of radiography.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to gas radiation detector and radiation image-forming system.
Background technology
In nuclear radiation detection and Application of Nuclear Technology field, often need survey the gamma rays or the X ray of several different-energies simultaneously.Especially in the radiant image field, the ray of different-energy is different with the reaction mechanism of heterogeneity in the checking matter, the detection of dual intensity or multipotency gamma rays or X ray not only can obtain checking matter because the different projected images that produce of density, the Z value that also can calculate checking matter distributes, in order to distinguish metal and organism, drugs, dangerous goods and prohibited articles such as explosive.
Consider that from radiographic source the acquisition mode of dual intensity and multipotency image has: with the gamma-ray source of different-energy; X-ray machine is used alternatingly different high pressure and produces multiple energy; The filter disc that adds different component before the X-ray machine is realized the selection of multiple energy.The advantage of these several modes is simple, is easy to realize, shortcoming is in the time of will obtaining the dual intensity at the same position of checking matter or multipotency data, must repeatedly shine with different-energy the same position of checking matter, increase detection dosage, prolonged the detected time, reduced percent of pass.Dual intensity of Chan Shenging and multipotency ray all need corresponding dual intensity or multipotency detector to survey in any case.
Consider that from detector system the acquisition mode of dual intensity and multipotency image has: single detector can record the single photon power spectrum, divides picture into by energy then; Detector is divided into low energy detector set and high energy detector group, measure the ray of high low energy folded mutually the composition respectively before and after on the track of ray, can sandwich the low energy ray filtering layer between the different detectors, low energy ray is blocked fully, and receives only high-energy ray in the high energy detector; Or low energy detector set and the high energy detector component row that begin to rehearse, survey high low energy ray respectively.The electric current of X-ray machine can not be too big in the method for power spectrum attribute, and electronic system is enough fast, could separate the single photon in the line, and require detector to have high energy resolution performance.In the latter's the mode, the required solid probe thickness of low energy ray is too thin, is difficult for the cutting preparation, and corresponding thereafter sensing circuit has the certain absorption effect to ray.
The scintillation detector that has that can be used as the multipotency detector adds photoelectric diode, or solid probe such as semiconductor detector, and their volumes are little, easy to operate, but the low energy detector that the low energy district requires is too thin, is difficult for preparation, and the radiation-resistant property of semiconductor detector has influenced its serviceable life simultaneously.Gas detector is another kind of multipotency detector, and advantage is a low price, and preparation is simple, long service life.In order to improve the detection efficiency of detector, can adopt hyperbar, make its detection efficiency to compare with solid probe to ray.The solid probe of dual intensity can be by two gas detectors, and therebetween low energy ray filter disc is formed; Also can add solid probe by gas detector forms.The former shortcoming is two probe chambers, has increased the complicacy of operation; The latter is owing to the detector that is two types, and the signals of two kinds of response generations need carry out calibration.
Traditional ionization type gas detector is in the gas compartment of sealing, be filled with probe gas, the plane electrode of two parallel-plates of internal fixation, electrode is a continuous metal layer, is used for collecting the probe gas between parallel-plate and incides the electric charge that indoor ray reacts and produces.The outdoor shape of sealing can be a rectangle or cylindrical, and locular wall can be an aluminium, the material of stainless steel or other good seal performance.It is fixed that the size of detecting chamber is come by demands of applications.The ray of all energy is not added the measurement of differentiation simultaneously.
Summary of the invention
Problem at above-mentioned dual intensity system exists the purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of gas detector, and this gas detector can alleviate the problems referred to above at least in part.
Another object of the present invention provides a kind of gas detector that can realize flexibly that dual intensity and multipotency X ray are surveyed.
Another object of the present invention provides a kind of gas detector, it is too thin that this gas detector can overcome the low-energy solid detector, the shortcoming that is difficult for preparation, in a gas compartment, realize the multipotency detection simultaneously, easy operating, and improved the consistance of each road signal greatly, it is long also to have satisfied the detector life-span, the demand that cost is low.
According to an aspect of the present invention, a kind of gas radiation detector comprises: electrode pair, this electrode pair comprise that a plurality of sub-electrodes are right, and described a plurality of sub-electrodes are arranged the incident direction along ray.
According to a further aspect in the invention, each of described a plurality of sub-electrode centerings all has the relative both sides of extending generally along perpendicular to the incident direction of ray to each battery lead plate of electrode.
According to a further aspect in the invention, each of described a plurality of sub-electrode centerings all has the general rectangular shape to each battery lead plate of electrode.
According to a further aspect in the invention, each of described a plurality of sub-electrode centerings all is parallel to each other substantially to the electrode of opposite plate of electrode.
According to a further aspect in the invention, each of described a plurality of sub-electrode centerings has a plurality of electrode strips of arranging along perpendicular to the incident direction of ray to the battery lead plate of the anode of electrode.
According to a further aspect in the invention, described a plurality of electrode strips are elongated, and the length direction of described a plurality of electrode strips is identical with the incident direction of ray substantially.
According to a further aspect in the invention, each of described a plurality of sub-electrode centerings has the general rectangular shape to a plurality of electrode strips of the battery lead plate of the anode of electrode.
According to a further aspect in the invention, each of described a plurality of sub-electrode centerings to a battery lead plate of electrode all substantially in a plane, and each of described a plurality of sub-electrode centerings to another battery lead plate of electrode all substantially in another plane.
According to an aspect of the present invention, the invention provides a kind of radiation image-forming system, this radiation image-forming system comprises: the radiographic source that is used for divergent-ray; And the detector that is used to receive the ray of described radiographic source emission, wherein said detector is the above-mentioned gas radiation detector.
The invention provides and a kind ofly can realize multipotency section X or the simultaneously-measured gas detector of gamma ray simultaneously, can be operated in integration current pattern or count mode, improved the demand restriction of detection system greatly source strength.Because the composition of gas can be an xenon, argon gas, methane etc. also can be the potpourris of multiple gases, so can be used for the testing requirement in different purposes and different-energy zone flexibly.The pressure of gas also can be regulated with the energy and the type of survey ray, to satisfy high detection efficiency demand.
Multipotency X of the present invention or gamma ray detection principle simultaneously are that the thickness difference that the ray according to different-energy can penetrate in probing medium designs, radiographic source can be that a plurality of monoenergetic radiographic sources are formed, it also can be the continuous X ray of energy of single X-ray machine emission, the differentiation of high energy and low energy ray does not need conversion or the filter disc before the ray machine and the use of collimating apparatus of X-ray machine high pressure, but is realized by the geometry and the physical measurement principle of detector self.The X-ray detection X in high low energy district is indoor at same detection of gas, two battery lead plates of negative electrode and anode are at a distance of certain distance, the battery lead plate base material can be pcb board or pottery etc., cover the firm metal level of one deck on it, space gassy between two battery lead plates is used to survey the ray that enters detector.The energy section correspondence that metal level on two battery lead plates of negative electrode and anode is tested as required be divided into several sections, metal level along the length of directions of rays by detected ray energy and gaseous species and pressure by calculating decision.All electrode pairs and sub-electrode be to can being that sheet material can be pcb board on two relative parallel-plates, or pottery etc., the right differentiation of sub-electrode can be to be realized by the metal electrode layer that segmentation on the opposite planar between parallel-plate forms)
Multipotency of the present invention detection operations principle simultaneously also can be used for all little gas detectors, comprise the ionization chamber principle of work and electrode strip be the direct ratio scale-up version of anode and cathode.Its planar cathode metal level is divided into several sections according to detected energy, and little strip electrode of signal collection or amplification also is divided into several sections accordingly.The metal level electrode of diverse location can provide voltage and draw signal by the back side of the metallic vias on the substrate from substrate.
Current invention has realized the simultaneously-measured function of multipotency ray in same gas compartment, the cost of material is low, geometry is simple, and is easy to operate, long service life, can be according to interval gaseous species and the pressure adjusted flexibly of the ray energy of using, to reach high detection efficiency, the low energy detector that has solved the dual intensity solid probe is too thin, is difficult for the difficult problem of preparation, and same gas compartment guaranteed the consistance height of each road signal, and follow-up data is handled simple.This invention can be widely used in the radiant image field.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the multipotency gas detector
Fig. 2 a-2c is that the energy deposition of X ray in the xenon of 15atm of different-energy distributes.
Fig. 3 is the multipotency gas detector of one dimension position sensitive.
Fig. 4 is the multipotency direct ratio counter gas detector of one dimension position sensitive.
Embodiment
As shown in fig. 1, gas radiation detector according to the present invention comprises: electrode pair, this electrode pair comprise that a plurality of sub-electrodes are right, and described a plurality of sub-electrodes are arranged the incident direction 2 along ray.Particularly, in a detecting chamber that seals and be filled with the high pressure probe gas, can be xenon, multiple probe gas such as argon gas, or mix probe gas.1 is the detector that is filled with probe gas among the figure, the 2nd, and the incident direction of X ray, the 3rd, by the charge-trapping positive plate of energy subsection, the 4th, corresponding to anode the minus plate that can distinguish section, the 5th, drive the electric field of the charge shift that ray produces in gas.Two battery lead plates all are evaporation or electroplated metal layers on insulating material such as pcb board or pottery, and along the direction of ray incident, negative electrode and anode electrode plate are divided into several sections, and promptly several can the district is respectively applied for the ray of surveying different-energy.Dividing the principle distinguish detection is that the degree of depth difference that the ray according to different-energy penetrates in the high pressure probe gas is divided.This detector is to be operated under the ionization chamber state.In addition, battery lead plate also can otherwise form, and for example, the polylith sheet metal is fixed in the detecting chamber.
Electrode of the present invention is not limited to above-mentioned positive plate 3 and minus plate 4.Electrode of the present invention also can be any other suitable electrode.
A plurality of sub-electrodes constitute with corresponding (being relative) each section of minus plate 4 each section by charge-trapping positive plate 3 among Fig. 1.
Each of described a plurality of sub-electrode centerings can have the relative both sides of extending generally along perpendicular to the incident direction of ray to each battery lead plate of electrode.As shown in fig. 1, each of described a plurality of sub-electrode centerings all has the general rectangular shape to each battery lead plate of electrode.
Obviously, when detector was other structures, each of described a plurality of sub-electrode centerings can have relative both sides with the incident direction extension in an acute angle of ray to each battery lead plate of electrode.In addition, each each battery lead plate to electrode also can be other shape.For example, at detector when being cylindrical, each section of each section of charge-trapping positive plate 3 and minus plate 4 be all whole constitute circular.
According to one embodiment of the present invention, each of described a plurality of sub-electrode centerings all is parallel to each other substantially to the electrode of opposite plate of electrode.Each section that is charge-trapping positive plate 3 is all parallel substantially with each section of minus plate 4, and as selection, each section of charge-trapping positive plate 3 can be in an acute angle with each section of corresponding minus plate 4.
According to an aspect of the present invention, each of described a plurality of sub-electrode centerings to a battery lead plate of electrode all substantially in a plane, and each of described a plurality of sub-electrode centerings to another battery lead plate of electrode all substantially in another plane.Be lotus collect positive plate 3 each section all substantially in a plane, and each section of minus plate 4 all cardinal principle in a plane.As selection, each section of charge-trapping positive plate 3 can be not in a plane and/or each section of minus plate 4 not in a plane.
The atomic number of the radiation detection gas in the detector, gaseous tension has determined the thickness that the ray of different-energy can penetrate in gas, determined that also the reaction mechanism of ray and gas mainly is a photovoltaic reaction simultaneously.We are with 15 the energy deposition situations that atmospheric xenon is caused by photoelectric absorption to the 160keV X ray 10keV of having covered the chucking method analog computation.Wherein the longitudinal axis is represented the photoelectric conversion rate of ray, and transverse axis is represented the thickness (unit mm) of xenon on the ray incident direction that ray passes through.
Shown in Fig. 2 a, can get the X ray that the thick 15atm xenon of 4mm has stoped 10keV fully by calculating, stopped 98% 20keV X ray when 20mm is thick, for the X ray below the 40keV, the 15atm xenon that 30mm is thick stop that rate is nearly 90%, so the low energy detecting area is chosen as the thick 15atm xenon of 0mm-30mm;
Similarly, for the X ray of 50-70keV, the 15atm xenon that 60mm is thick stop that rate is nearly 90%, so the intermediate energy region is chosen as the xenon district of 30-60mm, the X-ray spectrum of X-ray machine usually also is can distinguish the X ray characteristic peak that high counting occurs at this simultaneously;
Shown in Fig. 2 b, raising along with ray energy, energy deposition in probe gas distributes and changes to some extent, energy deposition ratio on the ray initial path drops to 10%, the gas thickness that penetrates increases, so distinguishing, this elects the thick xenon district of 60mm-120mm as, to the assimilation ratio nearly 90%. of the X ray of 80keV-110keV
Shown in Fig. 2 c, when the X ray energy increases again, it can deposit a spot of energy more equably on the entire path that ray passes, as be less than 10% energy, the thickness that penetrates increases greatly, thereby this high energy district elects the thick xenon district of 120mm-360mm as, to the assimilation ratio nearly 90%. of the X ray of 120keV-160keV
If the radiographic source of two or more monoenergetics, high-energy ray is simple relatively in the data correction of low energy detecting area self-energy deposition, according to the Distribution calculation of ray in the gas internal energy deposition, elder generation is by the signal value of high energy detecting area, draw the energy deposition of high-energy ray, wherein high-energy ray can be tried to achieve by the energy deposition distribution proportion of analog computation in the ratio of low energy detecting area sedimentary energy.Calculate the interior energy deposition of energy range of low one-level again, by that analogy, calculate the energy deposition of the ray of all energy sections in the different test sections of detector.For the continuum of X-ray machine, the different energy values that can distinguish can use average energy, also can be to try to achieve with the integration of X ray continuum.
At the high energy detecting area for the more accurate measured value that obtains high-energy ray, can between the different-energy measurement zone, add the low energy ray filter disc, absorb a certain proportion of low energy ray, guarantee in adjacent higher-energy measurement zone, not have the energy deposition of the low energy ray in adjacent low energy district.But high-energy ray has energy deposition in adjacent low energy district, when the detection data of calibration high-energy ray, needs the low energy filter disc is taken into account simultaneously to the absorption of high-energy ray simultaneously.
The multipotency gas detector of this simple structure can be used for only doing the measurement purpose of simple energy subsection.Simultaneously also can be applied to quantimeter, the contribution of low energy ray in the more convenient easier differentiation integral dose, thus carry out accurate calibration.Rather than the screen layer that only relies between radiation source item and the quantimeter stops low energy ray, produced dosage too because virtual condition is a low energy ray.
Another embodiment of the invention is seen Fig. 3, the negative electrode of detector still is the plane electrode plate of piecemeal, the piecemeal plane electrode plate that original signal is collected anode changes into by the even little strip electrode bar 33 that can distinguish section, has the ability that the multipotency section is measured when realizing the one dimension position sensitive.The principle that respectively can distinguish section is the same.
As shown in Figure 3, each of described a plurality of sub-electrode centerings has a plurality of electrode strips 33 of arranging along perpendicular to the incident direction of ray to the battery lead plate of the anode of electrode.Optimal way is that electrode strip 33 has the general rectangular shape.
According to an aspect of the present invention, a plurality of electrode strips 33 are elongated, and the length direction of described a plurality of electrode strip 33 is identical with the incident direction of ray substantially.
Obviously, the width of electrode strip 33 can change as required, and for example the width of electrode strip 33 can be several millimeters, several microns or the like.
Another embodiment of the invention is seen Fig. 4, the negative electrode of detector still is the plane electrode of piecemeal, the signal collection electrode becomes by the male-female electrode that can distinguish section, the detector negative electrode is used for the drift field of the electric charge of ray generation, the negative electrode 32 at signal collection place and anode 31 produce the electric field of the electronics direct ratio amplification that is used to move to herein, and are finally collected by anode 31.The principle that respectively can distinguish section is the same.
Because the main mode that the Z value scope of selected gas and the energy section of X or gamma rays have determined gas and ray to react is a photoelectric effect.When this gas detector is operated in count mode, another method of more accurate separation high energy low energy ray energy deposition is, each counter that can distinguish is provided with two threshold values of height, the signal that the energy that high-energy ray deposits in same energy range produces is big, and the signal that the low energy ray sedimentary energy produces is little, so improve the low threshold value that each can be distinguished, can further effectively remove the small part energy deposition of low energy ray in the high energy district in adjacent low energy ray district, suitably reduce each high threshold that can distinguish simultaneously, can effectively remove the energy deposition of adjacent high-energy ray in the low energy district.
The detector of the one dimension position sensitive of two expanded application of this invention can be applicable to radiant image, and the energy range in 160keV is that the X ray of small article safety check can be distinguished, and the energy of medical imaging is also many in 160keV simultaneously.So the ray energy required according to concrete application calculates and select corresponding gaseous species, gaseous tension is determined different size and the data correction that can distinguish of height according to gas to the prevention thickness of different-energy ray.
When the multipotency gas detector of this one dimension position sensitive adds the electronics disposal system, with radiographic source, mechanical scanner, electric control system, when computing machine and system operation and image processing software are formed a linear array scanning imaging device, just can be to advancing imaging at the tested object of radiographic source between detector, and realize the multipotency areal survey, differentiate that the atomic number Z of checking matter is worth distributing.
For simple multipotency detector shown in Figure 1, the anode planes that signal is read then has the corresponding signal read-out channel in several roads by zoning being divided into several sections, and each road signal is represented an energy.Because the division that can distinguish is limited, so the multipotency detector read-out electronics of this structure part is simple relatively.
Multipotency detector for the one dimension position sensitive of Fig. 3, the anode strap that signal is read is by zoning being divided into several sections, each electrode strip in every section energy district is a read-out channel, and each the road read-out channel during each can be distinguished has provided this can distinguish the one-dimensional space distribution situation of the ray that produces signal.After all read-out channels that can distinguish are handled by the front-end amplifier of multichannel, through AD analog to digital conversion digitizing, entering signal transmission and processing, system and Data Control part, enter computing machine at last and carry out imaging processing, electronic system provides system and the required power supply of detector work simultaneously.
The present invention also provides a kind of radiation image-forming system.This radiation image-forming system comprises: the radiographic source that is used for divergent-ray; Be used to receive the detector of the ray of described radiographic source emission, wherein said detector is above-mentioned gas radiation detector.Because except above-mentioned gas radiation detector, the miscellaneous part of this radiation image-forming system can be any existing parts, therefore repeat no more here.In other words, gas radiation detector of the present invention can be applied to various suitable existing radiation image-forming systems.
The present invention is by a simple geometric structure, realized the simultaneously-measured function of multipotency ray in the same gas compartment, the cost of material is low, simple to operate, can adjust gaseous species and pressure flexibly according to the ray energy of using is interval, to reach high detection efficiency, the low energy detector that has solved the dual intensity solid probe is too thin, a difficult problem that is difficult for preparation, and same gas compartment guaranteed the consistance height of each road signal, and follow-up data is handled simple.
Multipotency ray of the present invention is Detection Techniques simultaneously, have low noise, high detection efficiency, and cost is low, and is simple in structure, easy to operate, characteristics such as long service life.Use ripe circuit board manufacture technology, realized high position resolution by the electrode strip width of micron dimension.These multipotency Detection Techniques can be widely used in the radiation detection field, and the contrast of radiant image has been improved in radiant image field especially.
This detector system both can be used for simple multipotency ray and had detected simultaneously, also can be used for the radiation imaging detector system of linear array or face array.
In addition, various structures in the foregoing description or feature can make up mutually and form new embodiment, unless this combination is infeasible.
Claims (9)
1. gas radiation detector comprises:
Electrode pair, this electrode pair comprise that a plurality of sub-electrodes are right, and described a plurality of sub-electrodes are arranged the incident direction along ray, and are respectively applied for the ray of surveying different-energy,
Wherein this detector is operated under the ionization chamber state.
2. gas radiation detector according to claim 1, each of wherein said a plurality of sub-electrode centerings all has the relative both sides of extending generally along perpendicular to the incident direction of ray to each battery lead plate of electrode.
3. gas radiation detector according to claim 2, each of wherein said a plurality of sub-electrode centerings all has the general rectangular shape to each battery lead plate of electrode.
4. gas radiation detector according to claim 3, each of wherein said a plurality of sub-electrode centerings all is parallel to each other substantially to the electrode of opposite plate of electrode.
5. gas radiation detector according to claim 4, each of wherein said a plurality of sub-electrode centerings has a plurality of electrode strips of arranging along perpendicular to the incident direction of ray to the battery lead plate of the anode of electrode.
6. gas radiation detector according to claim 5, each of wherein said a plurality of sub-electrode centerings has the general rectangular shape to a plurality of electrode strips of the battery lead plate of the anode of electrode.
7. according to any described gas radiation detector in the claim 2 to 6, each of wherein said a plurality of sub-electrode centerings to a battery lead plate of electrode all substantially in a plane, and each of described a plurality of sub-electrode centerings to another battery lead plate of electrode all substantially in another plane.
8. gas radiation detector according to claim 5, wherein said a plurality of electrode strips are elongated, and the length direction of described a plurality of electrode strips is identical with the incident direction of ray substantially.
9. radiation image-forming system comprises:
The radiographic source that is used for divergent-ray; And
Be used to receive the detector of the ray of described radiographic source emission, wherein said detector is according to any described gas radiation detector among the claim 1-7.
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CN2008101062809A CN101576516B (en) | 2008-05-09 | 2008-05-09 | Gas radiation detector and radiography system |
PCT/CN2008/002141 WO2009135350A1 (en) | 2008-05-09 | 2008-12-30 | Gas radiation detector and radiation imaging system |
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WO2014172822A1 (en) | 2013-04-26 | 2014-10-30 | 清华大学 | Semiconductor detector |
JP6720229B2 (en) * | 2015-07-09 | 2020-07-08 | コーニンクレッカ フィリップス エヌ ヴェKoninklijke Philips N.V. | Device and method for simultaneous x-ray and gamma photon imaging using a stacked detector |
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