CN101575823A - Wet-pressed tissue and towel products with elevated CD stretch and low tensile ratios made with a high solids fabric crepe process - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a wet-pressed tissue and towel products with elevated CD stretch and low tensile ratios made with a high solids fabric crepe process. The absorbent sheet of cellulosic fibers includes a mixture of hardwood fibers and softwood fibers arranged in a reticulum having: (i) a plurality of pileated fiber enriched regions of relatively high local basis weight interconnected by way of (ii) a plurality of lower local basis weight linking regions whose fiber orientation is biased along the machine direction between pileated regions interconnected thereby, wherein the sheet exhibits a % CD stretch which is at least about 2.75 times the dry tensile ratio of the sheet. Tensile ratios of from about 0.4 to about 4 are readily achieved.

Description

Flimsy material and towel products with the manufacturing of fabric crepe technology with the wet pressing system that improves CD extensibility and low stretch rate

Requirement and technical field for priority

The application is dividing an application of Chinese patent application 200580011238.3.

The application is the U.S. Provisional Patent Application sequence number No.60/562 that submits to on April 14th, 2004,025 (attorney docket No.2636; GP-04-5) priority is for the basis and required priority.The application also is that the name of submission on October 6th, 2003 is called the pendent U.S. Patent Application Serial Number No.10/679 of " FabricCrepe Process for Making Absorbent Sheet ", and 862 part continues, and its priority is required.In addition, the application has required the U.S. Provisional Patent Application sequence number No.60/416 of submission on October 7th, 2002, the interests of 666 the applying date.The application partly relates to a kind of technology, and wherein net width of cloth compression dehydration is creased or Wrinkle fabric and drying, and wherein the product that has high CD extensibility (streth) and low (tensile) ratio that stretches to produce is controlled in this processing.

Background technology

Make paper handkerchief, the method for towel (towel) etc. is a called optical imaging, comprising various features, and as Yankee formula drying, impingement drying, cockline, dry crepe, it is wrinkling to wet or the like.Common wet pressing technology is compared with common through-air drying technology has some advantage, comprising: (1) be not with the rising seasoning of hot-air but the machinery of water removes the rudimentary energy cost of decorrelation; (2) higher speed of production, this speed is for using wetpressing to form the easier realization of technology of the net width of cloth.On the other hand, it has been new capital investment widely that through-air drying is handled, and is in particular softness, and fluffy, the production of high-quality quality flimsy material (tissue) and towel products is adopted.

The cockline use that combined with paper technology, it comprises that the machinery of paper web or compression dehydration are as the means that influence properties of product.US Patent No 4,689,119 and 4,551,199 referring to Weldon; 4,849,054 and 4,834,838 of Klowak; With people's such as Edwards 6,287,426.The operation of cockline technology has been subjected to the difficulty that the net width of cloth of height or medium consistency is transferred on the drier is effectively hindered.Also please pay close attention to people's such as Hermans U.S. Patent No. 6,350,349, it discloses the net width of cloth from the wet method of transferring on the fabric of the transfer face of rotation.Other patent relevant with cockline comprises following in general: people's such as Wells 4,834,838; 4,482,429; 4,445,638 and 4,440,597.

Relevant with paper technology, the fabric molding also can be used as the means that texture and bulkiness are provided.In this respect, see the method for impression paper web under the wet pressing situation in people's such as Lindsey U.S. Patent No. 6,610,173, it has caused the asymmetric projection corresponding with the deflection conduit of deflecting element.Should ' 173 patent reports in pressing process differential velocity shift and can improve molding and the impression of the net width of cloth with deflecting element.The flimsy material net width of cloth of being produced it is reported physics and the geometry performance with specific group, as pattern densification network with have the repeat patterns of the projection of dissymmetrical structure.For the wet method of molding of the net width of cloth that uses the texturing fabric, also can be referring to following United States Patent (USP): 6,017,417 and 5,672,248, two all are issued to people such as Wendt; 4,637,859 of people's such as Hermans 5,508,818 and 5,510,002 and Trokhan.Be used to almost dry sheet material to give the purposes of texture for fabric, referring to people's such as Drew U.S. Patent No. 6,585,855, and United States Patent (USP) publication No.US 2003/00064.

Impingement drying, the product that creases have been disclosed in the following patent: Morgan, people's such as Jr. U.S. Patent No. 3,994,771; The U.S. Patent No. 4,102,737 of Morton; U.S. Patent No. 4,529,480 with Trokhan.The method of describing in these patents comprises, very usually, on porous carrier, form the net width of cloth, heat predrying this net width of cloth, use the nip rolls that partly limits by impression fabric that this net width of cloth is put in the Yankee formula drier, then wrinkling this product from Yankee formula drier.The net width of cloth of permeability typically needs relatively, makes to be difficult to adopt the recirculation feed on desired horizontal.The process of transferring on the dry drier of Yankee typically takes place under the net width of cloth denseness of about 60%-about 70%; Though this transfer is under much higher denseness in some technologies, carry out during sometimes even near air drying.

As above pointed, the impingement drying product tends to demonstrate the bulking intensity and the pliability of enhancing; Yet tending to the hot evaporation of hot-air is energy-intensive.Wherein the wet pressing system operation of mechanically dewatering of the net width of cloth considers it is the supply material that preferably and more easily is applied to contain recycled fibers from the energy viewpoint, and this recycled fibers tends to form than pristine fibre the more net width of cloth of hypotonicity.Many improvement relate to bulking intensity and the absorbability that improves the compression dehydrating prods, and this product typically partly dewaters with paper-making felt.

Although in the prior art field, obtain some progress, but can't producing, the wet compression of previously known has excellent physical property, especially the high absorption net width of cloth of the raising CD extensibility under low MD/CD stretch rate, these performances are to be used for the high-quality flimsy material and towel products is pursued.

According to the present invention, absorbability, bulking intensity and the extensibility of the net width of cloth of wet pressing system can be by wetting the net width of cloth cockline and this fiber reset on Wrinkle fabric, meanwhile keep high-speed, the thermal efficiency and feed tolerance limit with the fiber of those common wet pressing technologies of recirculation, improve significantly.

General introduction of the present invention

Therefore the absorbent sheet of the cellulose fibre of the mixture that is included in the hardwood fiber arranged in the network structure and cork fibrous is provided in a first aspect of the present invention, this network structure has: (i) a plurality of umbrella shape fiber rich regions of higher localized basis weight, utilize (ii) a plurality of low localized basis weight join domains to come interconnected.The fiber orientation of this join domain is to be partial to along the direction between interconnected umbrella shape zone.This cancellated relative basic weight, umbrella shapeization (pileation) degree, hardwood and cork ratio, fiber length distribution, fiber orientation and geometry can be controlled so that this sheet material demonstrate this sheet material dried stretch rate at least about 2.75 times %CD extensibility.This sheet material demonstrates the voidage at least about 5g/g in a preferred embodiment, the CD extensibility at least about 5% and be lower than about 1.75 MD/CD stretch rate.This MD/CD stretch rate is lower than about 1.5 in a further preferred embodiment.This sheet material demonstrates the absorbability at least about 5g/g in a further preferred embodiment, the CD extensibility at least about 10% and be lower than about 2.5 MD/CD stretch rate.This sheet material demonstrates the absorbability at least about 5g/g in another preferred embodiment still, the CD extensibility at least about 15% and be lower than about 3.5 MD/CD stretch rate.CD extensibility at least about 20% it is believed that according to the present invention and can realize with the MD/CD stretch rate that is lower than about 5.

From following data as can be seen, the %CD extensibility at least about 3,3.25 or 3.5 times of dried stretch rate easily realizes according to the present invention.

Usually, be that product typical case of the present invention has at least about 4 %CD extensibility and about 0.4 to about 4 dried stretch rate.Preferably, this product has minimum about 5 or 6 CD extensibility.In some cases at least about 8 or be preferred at least about 10 CD extensibility.

Product of the present invention typically has at least about 5 or the voidage of 6g/g.At least about 7g/g, 8g/g, the voidage of 9g/g or 10g/g is typical equally.

Sheet material of the present invention mainly (greater than 50%) is made up of hardwood fiber or cork fibrous.Typically this sheet material comprises the mixture of these two kinds of fibers.

Provide the method for making the cellulose net width of cloth of using for flimsy material or towel products in another aspect of the present invention, this method may further comprise the steps: (a) the plain papermaking furnish of preparation aqueous fiber; (b) as the jetting material that under certain jet velocity, flows out papermaking furnish is provided on the forming fabric from flow box; (c) the nascent net width of cloth that papermaking furnish compression dehydration formation is had the obvious random distribution of paper fibre; (d) dewatered web that will have an obvious random fiber distribution puts on the portable transitional surface that moves under first kind of speed; (e) it is wrinkling to utilize the wrinkling conveyer belt contain pattern under the denseness of about 30%-about 60% this this net width of cloth to be carried out conveyer belt from transfer face, this wrinkling step is to carry out in the wrinkling roll gap of conveyer belt that limits between transfer face and wrinkling conveyer belt under pressure, and wherein this conveyer belt is to move under than the slower second speed of the speed of transfer face.This conveyer belt pattern, the roll gap parameter, speed δ and net width of cloth denseness are selected, make this net width of cloth crease and reallocate and have the cancellated net width of cloth in wrinkling conveyer belt formation from transfer face, this network structure has a plurality of interconnect area of different localized basis weight, comprising a plurality of fiber rich regions of (i) higher localized basis weight at least, the (ii) a plurality of low localized basis weight of these fiber rich region utilizations zone is come interconnected.This net width of cloth is dry then.As can be seen, hardwood and cork ratio, fiber length distribution, whole creasing, jet speed, dry and the wrinkling step of conveyer belt is controlled and wrinkling conveyer belt pattern is selected, make dried stretch rate that this net width of cloth embodiment feature is this net width of cloth in the %CD extensibility that it had at least about 2.75 times.These parameters are also selected, and can realize in various embodiments of the present invention about the pointed performance of product of the present invention more than making.

Technology of the present invention can be implemented maybe when wishing to make towel by being used to produce for the main hardwood fiber of the base sheet of flimsy material manufacturing usefulness, and technology of the present invention can be implemented by the main feed of being made up of cork fibrous.Those of skill in the art will recognize that, if necessary, can select other additive.

Have been found that when wishing calendering according to the present invention, preferably between the steel wire stack, roll at the net width of cloth that localized variation is arranged on the basic weight.

Conveyer belt of the present invention plays the crepe width of cloth and typically embodies feature and be partial in the horizontal in the fiber of fiber rich region, and this can find out from appended microphoto.

General this technology is to operate under about 100% fabric crepe about 10%.Preferred embodiment comprises more such, and wherein this technology is at least about 40,60,80 or 100% or higher fabric crepe operation down.Technology of the present invention can 125% or higher fabric crepe under operate.

Method of the present invention is feed tolerance to heavens, and can operate by enough a large amount of secondary fibers, if desired.

Still further feature of the present invention and advantage become fully aware of with discussion from behind.

The summary of accompanying drawing

The present invention describes in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, wherein:

Fig. 1 be along the fiber rich region of the sheet material of fabric crepe vertically on the microphoto (120X) in cross section;

Fig. 2 is the curve map of the dried stretch rate of MD/CD-right-jet flow/silk screen speed δ (feet per minute clock);

Fig. 3 is the microphoto (10X) of the fabric side of the fabric crepe net width of cloth;

Fig. 4 has illustrated the schematic diagram that can be used for producing this product and implement the paper machine of the inventive method;

Fig. 5 and 6 is the curve maps with the CD extensibility-right-MD/CD stretch rate of 13 pounds of sheet materials of various fabrics and crepe ratio production;

Fig. 7-the 9th, the curve map of the CD extensibility of various 24 pounds of sheet materials of the present invention-right-dried stretch rate; With

Figure 10 is the curve map of thickness minimizing-right-calender load of the various combination of steel and rubber stack.

Be described in detail

The present invention is described in detail with reference to several embodiments and a plurality of embodiment. This type of discussion only is for illustrational purpose. The improvement for specific embodiment within the spirit and scope of the present invention of illustrating in claims is apparent to those skilled in the art.

The term that here uses has provided for example ordinary meaning of the definition of character that and then having of it be elucidated later herein below.

The absorbability of product of the present invention (SAT) is measured with simple absorbent test device. Simple absorbent test device is to measure flimsy material, sanitary napkin, or the hydrophily of the sample of towel and absorbefacient useful especially device. The flimsy material of 2.0 inch diameters in this test, sanitary napkin, or the sample of towel is placed between the sample panel of the straight vinyl cover in top and bottom rag groove. This flimsy material, sanitary napkin, or the towel sample disc utilizes 1/8 inch wide circumferential flange area to fix in place. Sample is not held the device compression. Be incorporated in the sample in the heart in the bottom sample plate by the deionized water of 1mm diameter conduit with 73 °F. This water is in-hydrostatic head of 5mm. The pulse of being introduced by instrument mechanism in the beginning of measuring causes mobile. Therefore water utilize capillarity by this flimsy material, sanitary napkin, or the towel sample is from the radially outwards infiltration of this center inlet point. The speed of oozing when water logging drops to when being lower than 0.005gm water/per 5 seconds, and this tests termination. That from storage, remove and be weighed and be reported to the sample of the water/every square metre of how many grams by the amount of the water of absorption of sample, except as otherwise noted. In practice, use M/K Systems Inc.Gravimetric Absorbency Testing System. This is can be from M/K Systems Inc., 12 Garden Street, Danvers, Mass., 01923 business system that obtains. In fact the WAC or the water absorption capacity that are also referred to as SAT are recorded by instrument itself. WAC is defined as the point that weight-p-time graph has " zero " slope, and namely sample has stopped absorbing. The termination criteria of test is to change to express with the maximum of passing through the water weight that is absorbed after regular time. This is the estimation of the zero slope of weight-p-time graph basically. This program uses variation through the 0.005g in 5 second time interval as termination criteria; Unless stipulated " Slow SAT ", interrupt criteria is the 1mg in 20 seconds in this case.

In whole specification and claim, when we spoke of the nascent net width of cloth of the obvious random distribution (or using similar terms) with fiber orientation, we referred to the distribution that is orientated when fiber that known forming technique causes when being deposited on feed on the forming fabric. When examining under a microscope, even this fiber depends on jet flow-silk screen speed (the jet to wire speed), have with respect to machine-direction oriented remarkable deflection, so that the longitudinal tensile strength of this net width of cloth surpasses transverse tensile strength, still produce the outward appearance of random orientation.

Unless otherwise mentioned, " basic weight ", BWT, bwt etc. refer to the weight of 3000 square foot ream of product. Denseness refers to the percent solids of the nascent net width of cloth, for example, calculates according to the basis of bone dry. " air dry " refers to comprise residual moisture, by convention for paper pulp about 10% moisture and at the most about 6% moisture is arranged for paper at the most. The nascent net width of cloth with paper pulp of 50% water and 50% bone dry has 50% denseness.

This term " cellulose ", " cellulose films " etc. comprise having introduced in meaning and contain cellulose as any product of the paper-making fibre of main component. " paper-making fibre " comprises original paper pulp or recirculation (secondary) cellulose fibre or the fibre blend that comprises cellulose fibre. The fiber that is suitable for making the net width of cloth of the present invention comprises: non-wood fiber, and such as cotton fiber or cotton derivative, abaca, kenaf, cevadilla, flax, alfa, straw, jute, bagasse, Asclepias flower fiber, and arghan; And wood-fibred, those as obtaining from annual deciduous tree and coniferous tree are comprising cork fibrous, such as the north and southern softwood kraft fiber; Hardwood fiber, such as eucalyptus, maple, birch, aspen etc. Paper-making fibre can utilize any in many chemical pulping methods that the technical staff in the prior art field is familiar with to discharge from their source material, and these class methods comprise sulfate, sulphite, and polysulfide, soda pulping process, etc. This paper pulp can be bleached by chemical method if necessary, comprising using chlorine, chlorine dioxide, oxygen etc. Product of the present invention can comprise that general fibre (no matter obtaining from original paper pulp or from the source that recycles) and high roughness are rich in the blend of the tubular type fiber of lignin, such as bleached chemical thermomechanical pulp (BCTMP). " feed (Furnishes) " and similar terms refer to comprise the paper-making fibre for the manufacture of paper product, wet-strength resins, a kind of waterborne compositions of solution binding agent and similar raw material.

As here using, term " with the net width of cloth or feed compression dehydration " refers to the mechanical dehydration by wet pressing on the dehydration felt, for example, by utilizing in the mechanical pressure that applies continuously on the net width of cloth surface as at pressure roller with pressing in the nip rolls between the footwear, wherein this net width of cloth contacts with paper-making felt in some embodiments. This term " compression dehydration " is used for distinguishing some techniques, and wherein the initial dehydration of the net width of cloth is mainly undertaken by hot mode, for example in the U.S. Patent No. 4 of above-indicated Trokhan, 529,480 and the people's such as Farrington U.S. Patent No. 5,607,551 in like this is exactly usually. Therefore the compression dewatered web refer to, for example, removes by it being exerted pressure from the nascent net width of cloth with the denseness that is lower than about 30% and to anhydrate and/or improved about 15% or higher by the denseness of it being exerted pressure with the net width of cloth.

" fabric side " and similar terms that refer to the net width of cloth with wrinkling and dry that side with clothing in contact. " drier side " or similar terms are that relative sides of the fabric side with the net width of cloth of this net width of cloth.

Fpm refers to feet per minute, and denseness refers to the percetage by weight fiber of the net width of cloth.

MD refers to vertically and CD refers to laterally.

The roll gap parameter comprises, without limits, rolls point pressure, roll gap length, and backing roll hardness, the fabric approach angle, fabric is drawn angle, uniformity, and the speed δ between the surface of roll gap.

Roll gap length refers to the length that nip surface comes in contact.

" online " and similar terms refer to not remove the processing step that this net width of cloth is carried out from the paper machine of producing this net width of cloth.When being stretched under the situation that it was not having to cut off before coiling or rolling, the net width of cloth is in line drawing or calendering.

Portable transfer face refers to a surface, and this net width of cloth creases from this surface and enters into this Wrinkle fabric.Portable transfer face can be the surface of rotary drum described below, maybe can be the surface of continuous smooth moving belt or the another kind of moving fabric with surface texture etc.Portable transfer face need be supported this net width of cloth and promote that high solid is wrinkling that this can figure out from following discussion.

Here Bao Dao thickness and/or bulkiness can be 1,4 or 8 thickness.Each sheet material is stacked and carries out thickness measure on the core of stacked body.Preferably, test specimen was nursed one's health under 50% relative humidity in the atmosphere of 23 ℃ ± 1.0 ℃ (73.4 ° ± 1.8) at least about 2 hours, use Thwing-Albert Model 89-II-JR or ProgageElectronic Thickness Tester then, with 2-inch (50.8-mm) diameter gage button, the heavy and 0.231 inch per second rate of descent of 539 ± 10 gram payloads is measured.For manufacture test, every test products must have the number of plies identical with sell goods.For common test, select eight sheet materials and be stacked.For the sanitary napkin test, before piling up, sanitary napkin is launched.For the substrate test of unwinding from bobbin winoler, each sheet material of being tested must have the identical number of plies of producing with unwinding from bobbin winoler.Because the substrate of Panasonic test from the paper machine reel must be used individual layer (single plies).Sheet material aligns on MD and is stacked on together.In common embossing or print product, if complete possible words are avoided measuring in these zones.Bulkiness also can be passed through thickness divided by basic weight, with the unit expression of volume/weight.

Baked tensile strength (MD and CD), extensibility, their ratio, modulus, rupture modulus, stress and strain be with standard I nstron testing equipment or in every way other suitable elongation cupping machine of configured measure, typically use the flimsy material under 50% relative humidity and 23 ℃ (73.4), nursed one's health or 3 or 1 inches wide bands of towel, wherein tension test is carried out under the crosshead speed of 2 inch per minute clocks.

Stretch rate is the ratio by the numerical value of preceding method mensuration simply.Stretch rate refers to the dried stretch rate of MD/CD, except as otherwise noted.Unless otherwise mentioned, tensile property is a dry plate wood property energy.TENSILE STRENGTH abbreviates stretching sometimes as.Unless otherwise mentioned, fracture tensile strength stretches and waits report here.

" fabric crepe ratio " be in the expression of the speed difference between Wrinkle fabric and the forming silk screen (forming wire) and typically calculate as the net amplitude velocity degree before wrinkling and then and the ratio of the net amplitude velocity degree after wrinkling and then, because forming silk screen and transfer face are typically but not necessarily operate under same speed:

Fabric crepe ratio=transfer cylinder speed ÷ Wrinkle fabric speed

Fabric crepe also can be expressed as the percentage that calculates according to following formula:

Fabric crepe, percentage=[fabric crepe ratio-1] * 100%

Line creases (being sometimes referred to as whole creasing), and reel creases or the like and to calculate by mode discussed below similarly.

PLI or pli refer to ft lbf/every linear inch.

" mainly " refers to greater than about 50%, typically by weight; When about fiber, press the basis of bone dry.

The Pusey and Jones (P+J) hardness (depression) that are sometimes referred to as P+J are measured according to ASTM D531, and the number that refers to cave in (standard specimen and condition).

Speed δ refers to the difference of linear velocity.

Voidage described below and/or voidage ratio are by with nonpolar

The amount of the liquid that hold-up sample sheet material and measurement are absorbed is measured.The volume of the liquid that is absorbed is equivalent to the voidage in sheet structure.This percent by weight increase (PWI) be expressed as absorb gram number/every gram of liquid the fiber in sheet structure multiply by 100 again, as following represented.More particularly, for each single sheet sample of being tested, select 8 sheet materials and cut into 1 inch * 1 inch square (1 inch and 1 inch in the horizontal in the vertical).For the multi-layered product sample, each layer measured as independent community.The multilayer sample should be separated into independently each individual layer and totally 8 sheet materials from each layer position that is used to test.The dry weight of weighing and each sample of record is accurate to 0.0001 gram.Sample placed to contain proportion be 1.875 grams/every cubic centimetre

Liquid (can be from CoulterElectronics Ltd., Northwell Drive, Luton, Beds, England; The PartNo.9902458 acquisition) in the plate.After 10 seconds, pick up this sample at the very little edge at an angle (1-2 millimeter) and from liquid, take out with tweezers.Allow this angle come this sample of clamping, allow excess liq drip and drop down through 30 seconds topmost.With the low angle of sample contact lightly (being lower than contact in 1/2 second) #4 filter paper (Whatman Lt., Maidstone, England) on, to remove any excessive decline drop.This sample of weighing immediately within 10 seconds, writes down this weight and is accurate to 0.0001 gram.The PWI of each sample is expressed as

The fiber of gram number/every gram of liquid is calculated as follows:

PWI＝[(W ₂-W ₁)/W ₁]X100％

Wherein

" W ₁" be the dry weight of sample, in gram; With

" W ₂" be the weight in wet base of sample, in gram.

The PWI of whole eight independent samples measures according to the above method, and the mean value of eight samples is PWI of sample.

This voidage ratio is to calculate by PWI is expressed as percentage divided by 1.9 (density of fluid) with the gained ratio, and voidage (gms/gm) is weight increase simply; That is, PWI is divided by 100.

According to the present invention, the absorbability paper web is to prepare by paper fibre being distributed on the forming silk screen that also this water-based feed is deposited to papermaking machine in the water-based feed (slurry), typically via the jet flow that flows out from flow box.Any suitable moulding flow process can be used.For example, the extensive but non exhaustive inventory except Fu Delin Neil paper machine former comprises crescent former, C-shape parcel mariages net former, and S-shape parcel mariages net former, or draw the breast roll former.This forming fabric can be any suitable porous element, comprising woven, and two-layer fabric, treble cloths, the photopolymer fabric, or the like.Non exhaustive background technology in the forming fabric field comprises U.S. Patent No. 4,157,276; 4,605,585; 4,161,195; 3,545,705; 3,549,742; 3,858,623; 4,041,989; 4,071,050; 4,112,982; 4,149,571; 4,182,381; 4,184,519; 4,314,589; 4,359,069; 4,376,455; 4,379,735; 4,453,573; 4,564,052; 4,592,395; 4,611,639; 4,640,741; 4,709,732; 4,759,391; 4,759,976; 4,942,077; 4,967,085; 4,998,568; 5,016,678; 5,054,525; 5,066,532; 5,098,519; 5,103,874; 5,114,777; 5,167,261; 5,199,261; 5,199,467; 5,211,815; 5,219,004; 5,245,025; 5,277,761; 5,328,565; With 5,379,808, all these patents are hereby incorporated by reference with their full content.Being in particular the spendable a kind of forming fabric of the present invention is by Voith Fabrics Corporation, the Voith fabric series forming fabric 2164 that Shreveport, LA make.

The foam forming method of water-based feed on forming silk screen or fabric can be as the control permeability of sheet material after cockline or the means of voidage.Foams form technology and have been disclosed in U.S. Patent No. 4,543, and in 156 and Canadian Patent No.2,053,505, their disclosure is hereby incorporated by reference.The fiber feed of foaming is to be made with the aqueous slurry of the liquid-carrier mixing gained of foaming by fiber, just before the latter is introduced in the flow box.Be provided to this paper pulp slurry in this system and have in about 0.5 percetage by weight between about 7 percetage by weight fibers, preferably in about 2.5 percetages by weight to the denseness between about 4.5 percetages by weight.This paper pulp slurry is added to the water that comprises that contains 50-80% air (by volume), in the foam liquid of air and surfactant, be used to from the simple immixture of turbulent flow naturally and in processing unit intrinsic immixture form and have the foaming fiber feed of the denseness in the scope of about 3wt% fiber extremely at about 0.1wt%.This paper pulp can cause reclaiming excessive foam liquid as the interpolation of low denseness slurry from forming silk screen.Excessive foam liquid is discharged from system and can therefrom be reclaimed surfactant in other local use or through handling.

This feed can contain the physical property that chemical addition agent changes the paper of being produced.These chemicals can be understood well and can be used according to any known combination by those skilled in the art.Examples of such additives can be a surface modifier, and softening agent is separated stick, the intensity auxiliary agent, and latex, opacifying agent, fluorescent whitening agent, dyestuff, pigment, sizing agent, the barrier chemicals, retention agent subtracts solvent, organic or inorganic crosslinking agent, or their bond; These chemicals randomly comprise polyalcohol, starch, PPG ester, PEG ester, phosphatide, surfactant, polyamines, HMCP or the like.

This paper pulp can with intensity conditioning agent such as wet strength agent, dry strength agent is conciliate stick/softening agent or the like and is mixed.Suitable wet strength agent is that those skilled in the art are known.Comprehensive but the non exhaustive inventory of useful intensity auxiliary agent comprises urea formaldehyde resin, melamine resin, glyoxalated polyacrylamide resin, polyamide-epichlorohydrin resins or the like.The thermosetting polyacrylamide is by following production: allow acrylamide and diallyldimethylammonium chloride (DADMAC) reaction produce the cationic-type polyacrylamide copolymer, its final and glyoxal reaction is produced cationic crosslinked wet-strength resins, glyoxalated polyacrylamide.These material general descriptions are in the US Patent No 3,556,932 that is issued to people such as Coscia and be issued in people's such as Williams the US Patent No 3,556,933, and wherein the both introduces here for open with full content.The resin of this type is to be sold with PAREZ 631NC trade name by Bayer Corporation.The acrylamide of different mol ratio/-the DADMAC/ glyoxal can be used for producing crosslinked resin, and it can be used as wet strength agent.In addition, other dialdehyde can replace glyoxal to come to produce thermosetting wet strength characteristic.Useful especially is polyamide-chloropropylene oxide wet-strength resins, its example is by HerculesIncorporated of Wilmington, Delaware is with trade name Kymene 557LX and Kymene 557H with by Georgia-Pacific Resins, and Inc is with trade name

Sell.These resins and the method for making this resin are described in U.S. Patent No. 3,700,623 and U.S. Patent No. 3,772,076 in, each patent is introduced for reference here with full content.The extensive description of polymer-epihalolhydrin resins has been given in Chapter 2:Alkaline-Curing Polymeric Amine-Epichlorohydrin, by Espy at Wet StrengthResins and Their Application (L.Chan, Editor, 1994) among, the document is hereby incorporated by reference with full content.The appropriate panoramic catalogue of wet-strength resins is described in Cellulose Chemistry and Technology by Westfelt, 13 volumes, p.813, and 1979, it is hereby incorporated by reference.

Suitable interim wet strength agent similarly can comprise.Comprehensive but the exhaustive inventory of useful interim wet strength agent comprises aliphatic and aromatic aldehyde, comprising glyoxal, malonaldehyde, butanedial, glutaraldehyde and dialdehyde starch, and starch that replace or reaction, disaccharides, polysaccharide, chitosan, or other reactive polymeric thing product with the monomer of aldehyde radical and optional nitrogen groups or polymer.With the representative nitrogenous polymer of monomer that contains aldehyde or polymer reaction, comprise vinyl-acid amides, acrylamide and relevant nitrogenous polymer aptly.These polymer are that the product that contains aldehyde is given positive charge.In addition, other commercially available from the market interim wet strength agent, as the PAREZ 745 that is made by Bayer, in U.S. Patent No. 4,605, those disclosed can both be used together in 702 with for example.

This interim wet-strength resins can be comprise be used to improve paper product do and the various water-soluble organic polymer of the aldehyde unit of wet tensile and CATION unit among any.This resinoid is described in US Patent No 4,675,394; 5,240,562; 5,138,002; 5,085,736; 4,981,557; 5,008,344; 4,603,176; 4,983,748; 4,866,151; In 4,804,769 and 5,217,576.Can use the Bridgewater by National Starchand Chemical Company of, N.J. is with trade mark CO-

1000 and CO-

The modified starch that 1000 Plus sell.Before using, the aqueous slurry preheating of about 5% solid under temperature that this CATION aldehyde formula water-soluble polymer can be by will maintaining about 240 degrees Fahrenheits and about 2.7 the pH prepared in about 3.5 minutes.At last, this slurry can come quenching and dilution by adding water, produces at the mixture that is lower than about 1.0% solid under about 130 degrees Fahrenheits.

Also other interim wet strength agent that can obtain from National Starch and Chemical Company is with trade mark CO-

1600 and CO- 2300 sale.These starch are to provide and do not need preheating before using as aqueous colloidal dispersion.

Can use interim wet strength agent such as glyoxalated polyacrylamide.Interim wet strength agent is by following production as glyoxalated polyacrylamide resin: allow acrylamide and diallyldimethylammonium chloride (DADMAC) reaction produce the cationic-type polyacrylamide copolymer, its final and glyoxal reaction is produced cationic crosslinked provisional or semipermanent wet-strength resins, glyoxalated polyacrylamide.These material general descriptions are in the US Patent No 3,556,932 that is issued to people such as Coscia and be issued in people's such as Williams the US Patent No 3,556,933, and wherein the both introduces here for open with full content.The resin of this type is to be sold with PAREZ 631NC trade name by Bayer Industries.The acrylamide of different mol ratio/DADMAC/ glyoxal can be used for producing crosslinked resin, and it can be used as wet strength agent.In addition, other dialdehyde can replace glyoxal to come to produce the wet strength characteristic.

Suitable dry strength agent comprises starch, guar gum, polyacrylamide, carboxymethyl cellulose or the like.Useful especially is carboxymethyl cellulose, and its example is by HerculesIncorporated of Wilmington, and Delaware sells with trade name Hercules CMC.According to an embodiment, this paper pulp can contain about 15 pounds/ton dry strength agent of the 0-that has an appointment.According to another embodiment, this paper pulp can contain about 5 pounds/ton dry strength agent of the 1-that has an appointment.

The suitable stick of separating similarly is that those skilled in the art are known.Separate that stick or softening agent also be directed in the paper pulp or after the net width of cloth forms, be sprayed on the net width of cloth.The present invention also can use with emollient material, and the latter includes but not limited to the amido amine salt type of deriving from the amine of partly acid neutralization.This type of material has been disclosed in U.S. Patent No. 4,720, in 383.Evans, Chemistry and Industry, 5 July 1969, pp.893-903; Egan, J.Am.Oil Chemist ' s Soc., Vol.55 (1978), pp.118-121; With people such as Trivedi, J.Am.Oil Chemist ' s Soc., June 1981, and pp.754-756 introduces for referencely here with their full content, indicate softening agent usually as just complex mixture, rather than come commercially available as the unification compound.Although following discussion concentrates on principal item, should be appreciated that, in fact generally can use commercially available mixture.

Quasoft 202-JR is suitable emollient material, it can by with the condensation product of oleic acid and diethylenetriamines in addition alkylation form.Use not enough alkylating agent (for example, dithyl sulfate) and alkylation step only, carry out pH regulator subsequently so that the protonated synthesis condition of non-ethylization material will obtain the mixture be made up of CATION ethylization and the non-ethylization material of CATION.The gained amido amine of less ratio (for example, about 10%) can cyclisation obtain imidazolinium compounds.Because the only imidazoline of these materials partly is a quaternary ammonium compound, on forming, totally be the pH-sensitivity.Therefore, in the invention process of the chemicals that uses this type, the pH in flow box should be about 6 to 8, more preferably 6 to 7 and most preferably 6.5 to 7.

Quaternary ammonium compound also is suitable as the dialkyl dimethyl quaternary ammonium salt, contains when having an appointment 10 to 24 carbon atoms when this alkyl especially.The advantage of these compounds is for the pH relative insensitivity.

Can use biodegradable softening agent.Representative biodegradable cationic softening agent/separate stick to be disclosed in US Patent No 5,312,522; 5,415,737; 5,262,007; 5,264,082; With 5,223, in 096, these all patents are introduced in for reference here with full content.Compound is the biodegradable diester of quaternary ammonium compound, quaternised amine-ester, with usefulness aliquat and the two functionalized biodegradable vegetable oil type esters of docosyl alkyl dimethyl ammonium chloride of diester, and be representational biodegradable softening agent.

In some embodiments, the particularly preferred adhesive composition of separating comprises that season belongs to amine component and non-ionic surface active agent.

Should typically on paper-making felt, dewater by the nascent net width of cloth.Any suitable felt can use.For example, felt can have double-deck basic braided fabric, three layers of basic braided fabric and lamination basis braided fabric.Preferred felt is to have those of lamination basis braided design.For the useful especially wet pressing felt of the present invention is the Vector 3 that is made by Voith Fabric.Background technology in the pressed felt field comprises US Patent No 5,657,797; 5,368,696; 4,973,512; 5,023,132; 5,225,269; 5,182,164; 5,372,876; With 5,618,612.The different press felts that are disclosed in people's such as Curran the U.S. Patent No. 4,533,437 similarly can use.

Any suitable wrinkling conveyer belt or fabric can use.Suitable Wrinkle fabric comprises individual layer, multilayer, or structure compound, preferred aperture.Fabric can have at least a in the following properties: (1) on a side that contacts with the wet net width of cloth (" top " side) of Wrinkle fabric, vertically quantity/the per inch (order number) of (MD) lines be 10 to 200 and laterally quantity/the per inch (pck count) of (CD) lines also be 10 to 200; (2) the lines diameter is typically less than 0.050 inch; (3) on the top side, the distance between the peak in the peak in MD joint and CD joint is about 0.001 inch to about 0.02 or 0.03 inch; (4) in that the joint that forms by MD or CD lines is arranged between this two aspect, give this sheet material in wet molding step, be three-dimensional mountain/paddy outward appearance with contour structures; (5) this fabric can be orientated in any suitable manner so that realize processing and the Expected Results for the performance of product for product; Long warp joint can on the top side increasing the MD ridge in product, or long parallel joint can be on the top side, if wish have more CD ridge to influence wrinkling characteristic from shifting when cylinder is transferred on the Wrinkle fabric at the net width of cloth; (6) this fabric is made for and demonstrates some pleasing geometrical pattern, and this pattern typically repeats between per two to 50 warp thread.The suitable coarse fabric that is purchased comprises the various fabrics of being made by Voith Fabrics.

Therefore this Wrinkle fabric can belong to the U.S. Patent No. 5,607 people such as Farrington, the type of describing in the 551 7-8 hurdles, and be described in the U.S. Patent No. 4,239,065 of Trokhan and the U.S. Patent No. 3 of Ayers, fabric type in 974,025.This kind fabric can have about 20 to about 60 meshes/per inch and be to be typically about 0.008 inch from diameter to form to about 0.025 inch monofilament polymer fiber.Both can the longitude and latitude monofilament, but not necessarily have identical diameter.

This long filament is through braiding with go up complementary serpentine configuration design in Z-direction (thickness of this fabric) at least in some cases, can obtain the coplanar type end face-crossing on the same level of two sets of filaments of first group or array; Intersect with the inferior end face of predetermined second group or array.These arrays scatter, the various piece of end face-crossing on the same level defines a row wicker hanging basket shape cavity in the end face of fabric like this, these cavitys vertically (MD) and laterally (CD) go up be staggered the relation configuration and therefore each cavity covered at least one inferior end face intersection.The stake shape profile of the each several part of these cavitys by comprising a plurality of end face-crossing on the same levels is enclosed in the plan view in the visual field discretely.The ring of fabric can comprise the heat setting monofilament of thermoplastic; The end face of coplanar type end face-crossing on the same level can be the flat surface of monoplane.Particular of the present invention comprises the hybridization line braided fabric and about 10 * 10 mesh numbers to about 120 * 120 threads/per inch (4 * 4 to about 47 * 47/ every centimetre) of satin weave thing and three or more shed opens.Though the preferable range of mesh number is about 18 * 16 to about 55 * 48 threads/per inch (9 * 8 to about 22 * 19/ every centimetre).

Replace impression fabric, dryer fabric can be used as Wrinkle fabric, if wish like this.Suitable fabric is described in US Patent No 5,449,026 (patterns for knitting) and 5,690,149 (piling up the flat yarn style of MD) that is issued to Lee and the U.S. Patent No. 4,490,925 (spirality style) that is issued to Smith.

Preferably can cooperate with this net width of cloth under the medium moisture at the creping adhesives that uses on the Yankee cylinder so that promote to transfer on this Yankee cylinder and when it is dried (preferably using the high power capacity drying hood) to 95% or securely this net width of cloth is fixed on the Yankee cylinder during higher denseness at cylinder from Wrinkle fabric.This adhesive be crucial for the systems stabilisation under high production rate operation and be a kind of hygroscopicity, can be wetting again, noncrosslinking adhesive basically.The example of preferred adhesive is poly-(vinyl alcohol) that is included in the general type of describing in people's such as Soerens the U.S. Patent No. 4,528,316.It is the pendent U.S. Provisional Patent Application sequence number No.60/372 of " Improved Creping Adhesive Modifier andProcess for Producing Paper Products " that other proper adhesive has been disclosed in the title of submitting on April 12nd, 2002,255 (attorney docket No.2394).The disclosure of ' 316 patents and ' 255 application is hereby incorporated by reference.The optional modifier or the like that provides therein of suitable bonding.Preferably in adhesive, use crosslinking agent under many circumstances slightly or not; Make that this resin in use is crosslinkable not basically.

The present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings, especially Fig. 1 and 2 estimates.Fig. 1 has shown the cross section (120X) along the MD direction of the sheet material 10 of fabric crepe, shows the zone 12 fiber enrichment, umbrella shape.As can be seen this net width of cloth have and vertically between horizontal microplissement, promptly ridge or wrinkle extend (entering in the photo) on CD.Will recognize that the fiber of fiber rich region 12 has the orientation of being partial on CD, especially on the right side in zone 12, wherein this net width of cloth contacts the joint of Wrinkle fabric.This jet flow/forming silk screen speed δ (jet speed-silk screen speed) has material impact for stretch rate, and this can be as seen from Figure 2; This influence obviously is different from the influence of seeing in common wet pressing product.

Fig. 2 is the curve map of the difference of MD/CD stretch rate (fracture strength)-right-between flow box jet speed and forming silk screen speed (fpm).The absorbent sheet of the wet pressing system that top U-shaped curve representative is common.The product of fabric crepe of the present invention has been represented in bending following, broad.Easily recognize from Fig. 2, realized being lower than the MD/CD stretch rate about 1.5 according to the present invention in the wide region of jet flow/silk screen speed δ, the scope of CWP curve shown in this scope ratio is big more than the twice.Therefore, the control of flow box jet flow/forming silk screen speed can be used to realize the sheet properties of wishing.

Find out also that from Fig. 2 the MD/CD ratio (promptly being lower than 1) below square is difficult; If not obtaining with conventional treatment.In addition, square or following sheet material is formed by the present invention, does not have a large amount of fibril aggregation things or " flocculate ", and this is not this situation for the CWP product with low MD/CD stretch rate.This difference partly may be owing to needed than low velocity δ and partly owing to the following fact in order to obtain low stretch rate at the CWP product: when this net width of cloth is when transfer face is creased according to the present invention, fiber is reallocated on Wrinkle fabric.

In many products, lateral performance is more important than MD performance, is in the commodity towel of key in the CD wet strength especially.The main source of product rejection is " selecting (tabbing) " or the only a slice that tears towel off, rather than predetermined sheet material.According to the present invention, by control and the cockline of flow box to forming silk screen speed δ, the relative extensibility of CD can improve selectively.

Fig. 3 is the microphoto (10X) of the fabric side of the fabric crepe net width of cloth; In Fig. 2, find out once more, sheet material 10 has the high basic weight of a plurality of highly significants that connected by low basic weight join domain 14, the zone 12 of fiber enrichment, the latter has the fiber of going up the deflection orientation at horizontal (CD), and this sheet material has the fiber orientation of being partial on the direction between zone umbrella shape or the fiber enrichment.

In Fig. 1, also found out the orientation deflection, especially for when the center in zone 12 prepares sample, having cut the situation of the CD deflection fiber in zone 12 this umbrella shape, the fiber enrichment down.In 12 left side, zone, in this join domain as can be seen, fiber along between the fiber rich region vertically on deflection more.These architectural features are also observed under low multiplication factor in Fig. 3 easily, wherein extend between the zone of the deflection of the fiber in zone 14 in umbrella shape.

Fig. 4 is suitable for implementing the common mariages net shaped segment 17 that has of the present invention, running felt 19, watt formula pressor areas 16, the schematic diagram of the paper machine 15 of Wrinkle fabric 18 and Yankee formula drier 20.Shaped segment 12 comprises a pair of shaping fabric 22,24, and the latter is supported by a plurality of rollers 26,28,30,32,34,36 and forming rolls 38.Flow box 40 offers roll gap and the roll gap between the fabric 42 at forming rolls 38 and roller 26 with papermaking furnish with spray pattern.With respect to the control that is shaped with the jet speed of fabric is the importance of control stretching ratio, and this can be recognized by those of skill in the art.Feed forms nascent net 44, and the latter for example by vacuum tank 46, dewaters on fabric by means of vacuum.

The net width of cloth of should coming into being advances to paper-making felt 48 and this felt supported by a plurality of rollers 50,52,54,55 and contacts with a watt formula pressure roller 56.This net width of cloth has low denseness in the time of on being transferred to this felt.Transfer can be assisted by vacuum; For example roller 50 can be vacuum furnace (if desired) or pick-up well known in the prior art or vacuum watt.When this net width of cloth arrived this watt formula pressure roller, this net width of cloth had 10-25% when the roll gap 58 that enters between watt formula pressure roller 56 and transferring roller 60, the denseness about preferred 20-25%.Transferring roller 60 can be a warm-up mill, if desired.Replace watt formula pressure roller, roller 56 can be common suction pressure roller.If used watt formula pressure roller would make us wishing and preferably, roller 54 is effectively to remove the vacuum furnace that anhydrates from felt before felt enters into watt formula pressure roll nip because from the water in the feed will be in watt formula pressure roll nip pressurized this felt that enters into.Under any circumstance, it is desirable to use vacuum furnace or STR to guarantee that typically the maintenance of the net width of cloth contacts with this felt at 54 places in commutation process, and those skilled in the art can be as seen from the figure.

Net 44 by pressurization watts 62 by wet pressing to the felt in roll gap 58.The therefore compression dehydration on 58 of this net width of cloth typically makes denseness improve 15 or multiple spot more in this stage of this technology.The configuration that shows at 58 places is generally known as a watt formula pressure roller; For the present invention, cylinder 60 turns round as shifting cylinder, and it will net 44 in the running and be transported on the Wrinkle fabric with high speed (typically 1000fpm-6000fpm).

Cylinder 60 has smooth surface 64, and if desired, it can provide adhesive and/or antitack agent.Net 44 adheres on the transfer face 64 of cylinder 60, when this net width of cloth by arrow 66 indications vertically on when continuing to advance this cylinder 60 under high angular speed, rotate.On this cylinder, net 44 has the apparent distribution of general random of fiber.

Direction 66 be called vertical (MD) of this net width of cloth and paper machine 10 vertically; And laterally (CD) is perpendicular to the direction of MD on the plane of this net width of cloth.

Net 44 typically enters in the roll gap 58 under the denseness about 10-25% and dehydration and be dried to about 25 to about 70% denseness, transfers to then on the Wrinkle fabric 18, and is as is shown in this figure.

Fabric 18 is carried on a plurality of rollers 68,70,72 and pressure nip rolls or the solid pressure roll 74, makes and shift to form fabric crepe roll gap 76 between the cylinder 60, as shown in FIG..

This Wrinkle fabric is limited to the last wrinkling roll gap of distance that Wrinkle fabric 18 is suitable for touch roll 60; That is, applying big pressure for the net width of cloth makes it to be close on this transfer cylinder.For this purpose, supporting (or wrinkling) roller 70 can have soft deformable surface, it will increase the length of wrinkling roll gap and be increased in fabric and sheet material between the cockline angle and contact point or watt formula pressure roller can be as roller 70 in case in HI high impact cockline roll gap 76, increase with this net width of cloth between effective the contact, wherein net 44 is transferred on the fabric 18 and is also advanced in the vertical.By using different equipment, might regulate cockline angle or and the angle of drawing between the roll gap of creasing at the roll gap place of creasing.Therefore, might be by regulating the property quality and quantity that distributes again that these roll gap parameters influence fiber, the leafing that may take place/separate sticking at cockline roll gap 76 places.Wish in some embodiments to re-construct characteristic between the Z-direction fiber, and wish in other cases only on the plane of the net width of cloth, to influence performance.This wrinkling roll gap parameter can influence the distribution of fiber in the net width of cloth on all directions, comprising induce variation on Z-direction and this MD and CD.Under any circumstance, to transfer to Wrinkle fabric be high impact-resistant from shifting cylinder, is that this fabric moves more lentamente than this net width of cloth and sizable velocity variations takes place.Typically, transferring to the process on the fabric this net width of cloth 10-60% and even higher that creases anywhere from shifting cylinder.

Generally at about 1/8 " to about 2 ", typically the cockline roll gap Anywhere of 1/2 " to 2 " is apart from last extension for wrinkling roll gap 76.For the Wrinkle fabric of 32 CD lines/per inch, therefore net 44 will run into about 4 to 64 parallel long filaments Anywhere in roll gap.

Roll point pressure in roll gap 76, that is, the load between backing roll 70 and transferring roller 60 is suitably 20-100, preferred 40-70 pound/every linear inch (PLI).

After cockline, this net width of cloth continues to advance along MD 66, here it by wet pressing to the Yankee cylinder 80 in shifting roll gap 82.Transfer at roll gap 82 places can be carried out under the net width of cloth denseness of general about 25-about 70%.Under these denseness, be difficult to this net width of cloth is enough firmly adhered on the surface 84 of cylinder 80 so that remove this net width of cloth up hill and dale from fabric.Typically, aforesaid poly-(vinyl alcohol)/polyamide binder composition applies at 86 places, and it is fixed to come as required.

If wish, can adopt vacuum tank at 67 places so that improve thickness.Typically, use about 5 Inches Of Mercuries to the vacuum between about 30 Inches Of Mercuries.

This net width of cloth is belonging on the Yankee cylinder 80 of heating type cylinder and is utilizing the high jet speed impinging air stream in Yankee cover 88 to come dry.Along with the rotation of this cylinder, net 44 creases and is wrapped in from cylinder by creping doctor 89 and furls on the roller 90.Can be undertaken by the creping doctor that uses waveform paper is wrinkling from the Yankee formula drier, as in U.S. Patent No. 5,690, disclosed a kind of in 788, the disclosure of this patent is introduced into for reference.The use of the creping blade of waveform has shown gives several advantages, when being used for the production of flimsy material product.Usually, use the flimsy material product that the waveform scraper creases to have higher thickness (caliper), the CD extensibility of increase and higher voidage are compared with the comparable flimsy material product that uses common creping blade production.All these variations of influence that are subjected to the use of waveform scraper are tended to relevant with the improved pliability sense of touch of this flimsy material product.

Optional providing has roller 85 (a), the calendering station 85 of 85 (b), so that calendered sheet, if necessary.

When crepe/draw process is wet in use, replace the Yankee drier, can use the impinging air drier, through-air drying device, or a plurality of drum dryer.The impinging air drier is disclosed in following patent and the application, and their disclosure is hereby incorporated by reference:

People's such as Ilvespaaet U.S. Patent No. 5,865,955.

People's such as Ahonen U.S. Patent No. 5,968,590.

People's such as Ahonen U.S. Patent No. 6,001,421.

People's such as Sundqvist U.S. Patent No. 6,119,362.

U.S. Patent application No.09/733,172, title " Wet Crepe, Impingement-Air Dry Process for Making Absorbent Sheet ", present and U.S. Patent No. 6,432,267.

Impingement drying equipment is well-known and be described in people's such as Cole the U.S. Patent No. 3,432,936 in the prior art, and its disclosure is hereby incorporated by reference, and is the same with the U.S. Patent No. 5,851,353 that discloses the drum dried system.

Representative embodiment

The device of the general type by using Fig. 4, with various weight, wrinkling ratio or the like preparation absorbent sheet.This material demonstrates high CD extensibility under low dried stretch rate, especially in Fig. 5-9 as can be seen.Can recognize from the discussion and the following examples of front, the relative basic weight of fiber rich region and join domain, the umbrella shape degree, fiber orientation and cancellated geometry are by the suitable selection of material and fabric, and control fabric crepe ratio, roll gap parameter and jet flow/silk screen speed δ controls.

The data of mainstream product are given in table 1 neutralization for substrate and are given in the table 2 for transforming sheet material.

Relevant with following table and embodiment, following abbreviation occurs sometimes:

BRT-bath flimsy material

CD, MD-do not further specify refers to TENSILE STRENGTH

CD%, the fracture extensibility of MD%-on assigned direction

CMC-carboxymethyl cellulose

CWP-common wet pressing (roller)

FC-fabric crepe or fabric crepe ratio

GM, GMT-geometrical mean typically stretches

Mod-modulus

Ratio (Ratio)-dried stretch rate, MD/CD

SPR-solid pressure roll, the roller of in Fig. 4, seeing 74

STR-absorption slewing rollers, the roller of in Fig. 4, seeing 54

T-ton

TAD-through-air drying

' 819-refer at USP 6,827 819 embossed pattern

Table 1-representative embodiment 1-194-substrate data

Embodiment	Basic weight lb/3000 ft^2	8 mil/8 of thickness slice	Stretching MD g/3in	Extensibility MD %	Stretching CD g/3 in	Extensibility CD %	Stretching GM g/3in.	Dried stretch rate %
									1	24.8	77.1	1031	37.1	587	7.6	778	1.75
2	25.4	76.4	1107	37.2	621	7.0	829	1.78
									3	24.6	77.9	948	37.3	539	7.4	715	1.76
4	25.6	75.9	1080	36.0	580	7.0	791	1.86
									5	24.9	79.6	967	37.0	521	7.4	709	1.86
6	25.0	76.0	814	28.9	487	5.2	628	1.67
									7	12.3	58.3	725	33.4	288	8.3	456	2.52
8	12.6	59.2	861	33.3	281	9.8	491	3.07
									9	12.4	57.5	790	32.9	297	9.9	484	2.66
10	12.2	56.1	857	31.7	289	9.3	497	2.97
									11	12.5	65.7	561	55.9	291	10.4	404	1.93
12	12.2	66.9	576	59.4	218	12.8	355	2.64
									13	12.2	68.0	771	54.9	240	14.8	430	3.22
14	12.1	68.3	697	55.4	217	15.8	389	3.21
									15	20.0	74.0	768	62.3	484	10.4	610	1.59
16	21.2	68.8	785	58.1	561	6.6	664	1.40
									17	12.2	57.6	777	33.1	252	10.0	443	3.08
18	12.4	58.6	787	31.8	273	7.6	464	2.88
									19	11.8	54.6	642	29.9	228	8.8	383	2.81
20	12.2	57.3	678	33.0	231	8.6	396	2.93
									21	12.6	59.9	700	33.7	251	8.7	419	2.79
22	12.6	59.6	675	34.0	224	7.6	389	3.01
									23	12.5	56.9	755	33.6	263	8.3	445	2.88
24	11.9	56.8	724	31.1	262	7.4	435	2.76
									25	12.0	55.2	770	32.5	252	7.4	440	3.06
26	25.0	76.6	1245	46.6	769	7.0	979	1.62
									27	24.4	67.7	1105	45.4	761	6.5	916	1.45
28	24.3	65.3	911	44.4	818	5.4	863	1.11
									29	24.5	65.6	888	44.5	770	5.3	827	1.15
30	21.1	77.5	464	43.4	370	6.2	414	1.25
									31	20.9	71.1	494	41.6	378	5.7	432	1.30
32	21.0	67.1	660	43.4	491	5.3	569	1.35
									33	20.7	64.4	625	41.4	520	4.9	569	1.20
34	20.9	64.4	695	42.4	557	5.0	622	1.25
									35	21.8	88.5	728	48.5	617	4.8	670	1.18
36	21.4	65.7	1012	48.8	806	6.5	903	1.26
									37	20.8	77.6	673	47.9	605	6.0	638	1.11
38	20.6	75.7	682	46.7	701	5.5	691	0.97
									39	20.6	64.2	722	44.2	699	5.5	710	1.03
40	20.8	64.8	726	44.0	684	5.1	705	1.06

Table 1-representative embodiment 1-194-substrate data (continuing)

Embodiment	Basic weight lb/3000 ft^2	8 mil/8 of thickness slice	Stretching MD g/3in	Extensibility MD %	Stretching CD g/3in	Extensibility CD %	Stretching GM g/3in.	Dried stretch rate %
									41	21.2	65.4	829	45.8	804	5.4	816	1.03
42	21.2	70.2	780	49.3	729	5.8	754	1.07
									43	21.0	68.8	790	46.6	743	5.7	765	1.06
44	21.6	72.9	793	52.0	770	6.1	781	1.03
									45	19.9	70.7	519	53.9	579	6.8	548	0.90
46	22.4	74.5	746	57.2	773	6.4	759	0.96
									47	21.7	68.3	664	54.3	702	6.7	683	0.95
48	23.8	75.2	573	71.9	621	7.6	596	0.92
									49	24.0	74.0	583	46.1	646	5.5	613	0.90
50	23.0	71.9	543	44.4	557	5.4	550	0.98
									51	23.5	69.2	679	53.4	612	6.2	644	1.11
52	23.6	73.0	551	44.6	571	6.1	561	0.96
									53	23.6	70.0	603	47.0	737	5.6	666	0.82
54	23.3	73.4	510	59.3	617	6.0	561	0.83
									55	24.5	74.0	545	62.3	682	6.8	608	0.80
56	24.2	72.6	569	68.4	676	6.4	620	0.84
									57	24.0	70.9	499	59.7	610	8.4	552	0.82
58	24.2	79.5	651	66.3	723	6.1	686	0.90
									59	24.0	63.9	528	58.0	670	6.5	595	0.79
60	23.0	63.9	509	57.2	598	7.7	552	0.85
									61	23.7	67.6	525	53.8	726	7.4	617	0.72
62	23.7	97.2	657	50.1	785	5.3	718	0.83
									63	24.3	65.6	702	43.3	712	4.5	706	0.99
64	22.8	55.2	578	37.6	757	5.2	661	0.76
									65	23.1	51.2	592	33.1	813	5.0	694	0.73
66	23.0	68.1	544	59.7	549	7.7	546	0.99
									67	24.3	65.0	819	40.3	671	7.5	741	1.22
68	23.0	60.7	614	37.5	667	5.8	639	0.92
									69	23.4	61.4	795	40.0	836	5.8	814	0.95
70	23.4	60.3	753	38.4	789	5.7	771	0.95
									71	24.3	87.6	737	45.8	833	6.1	784	0.88
72	22.9	59.8	586	36.6	614	5.7	600	0.95
									73	25.4	57.3	978	34.9	1043	5.4	1009	0.94
74	23.9	62.6	497	34.1	528	5.4	512	0.94
									75	23.5	64.9	554	34.9	394	9.7	466	1.41
76	23.3	63.6	506	37.9	644	5.7	570	0.79
									77	21.9	60.6	543	36.1	629	5.5	585	0.86
78	21.9	62.2	538	37.4	629	5.6	581	0.85
									79	21.5	51.1	527	32.7	610	5.1	566	0.87

Table 1-representative embodiment 1-194-substrate data (continuing)

Embodiment	Basic weight lb/3000 ft^2	8 mil/8 of thickness slice	Stretching MD g/3in	Extensibility MD %	Stretching CD g/3 in	Extensibility CD %	Stretching GM g/3 in.	Dried stretch rate %
									80	21.7	61.5	505	34.4	610	5.8	555	0.83
81	21.1	52.6	441	27.5	576	5.2	504	0.77
									82	21.9	63.3	416	33.3	493	5.4	453	0.85
83	21.5	53.8	412	27.1	463	5.4	437	0.89
									84	21.5	53.7	505	35.5	476	7.7	490	1.06
85	21.6	64.7	552	41.1	525	7.9	538	1.05
									86	21.5	63.2	587	43.9	746	6.5	661	0.79
87	21.5	50.5	571	38.2	715	6.1	638	0.80
									88	21.8	59.6	456	34.2	528	5.8	490	0.87
89	21.6	58.7	539	35.3	639	5.8	587	0.84
									90	21.6	60.6	612	36.9	395	7.9	492	1.55
91	21.7	58.5	991	41.0	568	7.2	750	1.75
									92	22.2	56.4	811	37.0	1051	5.0	923	0.77
93	22.9	84.6	1199	54.9	1318	5.6	1257	0.91
										-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
94	22.3	91.2	976	52.2	1205	5.8	1084	0.81
									95	22.8	85.2	1236	53.7	1481	5.6	1353	0.83
96	22.9	84.7	1303	57.5	1553	5.9	1421	0.84
									97	22.6	66.6	567	80.9	676	8.5	619	0.84
98	22.3	66.1	423	72.5	624	9.2	513	0.68
									99	21.9	63.1	455	73.1	514	9.7	483	0.89
100	22.3	67.1	538	72.5	590	9.2	563	0.91
									101	22.1	65.3	1141	48.0	769	7.6	937	1.48
102	22.1	66.3	851	47.2	638	7.9	735	1.34
									103	22.1	64.5	780	45.6	568	7.4	665	1.37
104	21.9	63.2	678	43.2	630	6.0	653	1.08
									105	21.9	64.5	547	48.3	680	7.0	610	0.80
106	21.9	65.4	582	51.0	711	6.9	643	0.82
									107	21.6	65.5	603	51.9	466	9.0	530	1.29
108	21.9	64.6	457	48.3	591	6.7	520	0.77
									109	16.7	48.0	2146	26.3	904	6.3	1393	2.37
110	17.1	52.1	2103	27.1	831	5.9	1322	2.53
									111	21.1	65.0	692	46.6	596	6.6	642	1.16
112	22.0	57.1	2233	50.7	1658	6.9	1924	1.35
									113	21.0	62.7	1452	70.4	776	11.9	1061	1.87
114	21.6	63.5	1509	68.7	1066	10.7	1267	1.42
									115	20.6	63.2	1369	69.2	948	10.8	1138	1.45
116	20.7	61.8	1434	70.4	943	10.1	1162	1.53
									117	21.6	69.9	1322	70.5	964	10.6	1129	1.37
118	23.4	63.5	1673	50.2	1310	6.7	1480	1.28

Table 1-representative embodiment 1-194-substrate data (continuing)

Embodiment	Basic weight lb/3000 ft^2	8 mil/8 of thickness slice	Stretching MD g/3in	Extensibility MD %	Stretching CD g/3in	Extensibility CD %	Stretching GM g/3in.	Dried stretch rate %
									119	22.6	63.1	689	52.3	589	7.4	637	1.17
120	22.7	57.6	638	50.7	532	8.1	583	1.20
									121	22.7	54.4	706	50.6	568	7.4	633	1.24
122	22.4	55.7	640	49.2	583	7.7	611	1.10
									123	23.1	57.7	559	46.4	513	7.1	535	1.09
124	23.0	57.6	617	49.0	488	7.0	548	1.27
									125	22.9	57.6	597	49.2	478	7.4	534	1.25
126	22.7	56.5	641	49.2	599	6.8	620	1.07
									127	22.7	59.6	583	49.4	519	7.4	549	1.13
128	23.0	58.2	702	52.7	586	7.6	641	1.20
									129	23.5	59.1	713	52.3	579	7.1	642	1.23
130	23.3	58.9	626	49.3	560	7.6	592	1.12
									131	22.7	58.8	624	75.1	587	10.9	605	1.06
132	23.0	59.8	683	78.7	572	11.5	625	1.19
									133	22.8	56.9	852	51.7	695	6.8	769	1.23
134	22.9	55.8	896	50.9	709	6.9	796	1.27
									135	22.9	56.7	849	50.5	607	6.8	716	1.42
136	23.5	57.6	843	49.4	702	6.5	769	1.20
									137	23.2	55.0	615	50.5	684	5.3	648	0.90
138	22.9	58.9	702	76.5	533	10.8	612	1.32
									139	21.2	50.8	1068	53.8	996	7.8	1031	1.07
140	20.9	52.0	993	39.2	829	7.6	906	1.20
									141	20.9	51.4	1062	53.1	846	7.8	948	1.26
142	20.6	51.7	712	49.2	601	9.1	651	1.19
									143	20.7	60.2	877	59.2	594	9.8	722	1.48
144	20.8	60.0	801	63.3	474	10.5	616	1.69
									145	18.9	56.0	669	61.6	459	10.9	554	1.46
146	17.0	51.2	555	50.9	580	7.8	567	0.96
									147	23.0	53.7	649	29.5	585	4.6	615	1.11
148	20.1	52.2	1098	52.0	1048	5.7	1072	1.05
									149	20.1	53.6	517	45.4	472	6.1	494	1.10
150	20.4	55.4	601	43.2	500	5.4	548	1.20
									151	20.4	52.8	864	33.6	600	5.0	720	1.44
152	20.5	55.0	798	32.5	745	4.6	771	1.07
									153	20.6	58.5	712	38.1	636	5.4	673	1.12
154	20.6	60.5	725	39.3	635	5.3	678	1.14
									155	20.6	61.2	680	40.1	592	5.4	634	1.15
156	20.5	60.5	725	36.4	648	5.2	685	1.12
									157	20.3	60.0	635	35.9	610	5.3	620	1.05
158	20.4	58.7	713	37.5	604	5.7	655	1.18
									159	20.5	61.1	743	36.7	651	5.6	695	1.14

Table 1-representative embodiment 1-194-substrate data (continuing)

Embodiment	Basic weight lb/3000 ft^2	8 mil/8 of thickness slice	Stretching MD g/3 in	Extensibility MD %	Stretching CD g/3 in	Extensibility CD %	Stretching GM g/3in.	Dried stretch rate %
									160	19.8	60.0	691	40.7	611	4.9	650	1.13
161	19.7	59.0	761	40.9	682	4.9	720	1.12
									162	20.2	60.4	729	39.2	678	5.0	702	1.08
163	20.0	60.3	781	40.6	665	5.1	720	1.17
									164	20.1	58.1	708	36.3	645	5.3	676	1.10
165	20.0	56.8	760	36.7	663	4.9	709	1.15
									166	19.9	57.2	684	39.3	610	5.8	645	1.12
167	21.0	63.8	810	48.0	885	6.2	846	0.91
									168	20.8	66.5	758	54.1	656	7.3	705	1.15
169	21.0	66.1	696	53.0	619	7.5	656	1.12
									170	20.9	66.2	637	52.6	540	7.6	586	1.18
171	21.3	63.6	641	30.1	531	4.4	583	1.21
									172	21.4	78.7	580	30.8	486	4.3	530	1.20
173	21.0	65.8	570	21.4	479	4.1	521	1.20
									174	20.8	71.5	978	52.5	859	6.5	916	1.14
175	20.0	57.0	714	41.5	644	5.2	678	1.11
									176	20.4	65.6	560	41.2	746	4.7	647	0.75
177	20.2	67.7	489	41.6	648	4.7	563	0.76
									178	20.4	67.1	543	39.6	662	4.6	599	0.82
179	20.2	67.9	500	39.7	646	4.6	568	0.77
									180	20.4	69.5	497	39.5	650	4.8	568	0.76
181	19.8	66.2	476	38.5	602	4.4	535	0.79
									182	20.5	68.8	682	42.3	665	5.4	673	1.03
183	20.3	71.0	672	41.1	668	5.7	670	1.01
									184	20.2	69.8	672	42.1	613	5.3	641	1.10
185	21.0	72.4	693	42.1	670	5.9	681	1.03
									186	21.0	73.2	801	43.2	752	5.6	776	1.07
187	20.6	70.0	774	43.3	746	5.9	759	1.04
									188	20.5	76.6	670	60.7	644	6.9	657	1.04
189	20.3	74.2	649	57.1	671	7.0	660	0.97
									190	20.3	77.6	765	58.6	719	7.5	740	1.07
191	20.3	78.9	764	62.5	710	7.5	736	1.08
									192	20.5	78.8	776	62.7	696	7.5	735	1.12
193	20.6	78.9	889	64.5	776	7.8	830	1.15
									194	20.7	67.4	1368	43.5	1305	5.2	1335	1.05

Table 2-representative embodiment 195-272-finished product data

Embodiment	Embossing	The soft feel degree	Pliability 450GMT	BW	Thickness	MD	CD	GMT	MD％	CD％	MDBr Mod	CDBr Mod	GMBr Mod	MD/C D
															195	Do not have	15.6	15.9	20.3	58.8	578	478	526	32.9	4.3	17.6	112.1	44.4	1.21
196	‘819	16.3	16.2	18.7	70.9	509	346	420	25.4	6.1	20.0	57.1	33.8	1.47
															197	Do not have	15.3	15.6	22.3	68.2	561	556	559	53.9	6.9	10.4	81.5	29.1	1.01
198	‘819	15.9	16.0	21.2	75.1	504	495	499	46.0	7.7	10.9	64.6	26.6	1.02
															199	Do not have	15.6	16.2	23.6	65.8	613	596	604	34.6	4.9	17.7	123.9	46.8	1.03
200	‘819	16.3	16.1	20.9	72.6	450	354	399	23.0	5.4	19.6	65.1	35.7	1.27
															201	Do not have	15.4	16.0	22.2	62.9	614	618	616	36.0	4.9	17.1	125.7	46.3	0.99
202	‘819	15.8	16.1	21.6	74.6	579	493	534	28.7	6.1	20.2	81.1	40.4	1.17
															203	Do not have	15.9	16.1	22.9	65.7	505	503	504	30.3	5.3	16.6	96.0	39.9	1.00
204	‘819	16.3	16.2	21.8	78.7	468	400	432	24.6	6.4	19.0	62.8	34.5	1.17
															205	Do not have	15.5	16.2	23.0	64.8	605	677	640	37.2	4.6	16.3	145.6	48.7	0.89
206	‘819	15.9	16.2	21.6	76.7	510	520	515	28.1	6.2	18.2	83.9	39.1	0.98
															207	Do not have	15.8	16.1	22.6	68.7	493	559	525	46.6	5.5	10.6	101.7	32.8	0.88
208	‘819	16.1	16.1	20.7	73.7	457	446	451	37.7	6.7	12.1	67.1	28.5	1.03
															209	Do not have	15.2	15.6	23.4	67.3	496	628	558	45.4	6.0	10.9	104.9	33.8	0.79
210	‘819	15.9	16.1	22.1	76.4	498	514	506	40.0	6.7	12.5	76.5	30.9	0.97
															211	Do not have	15.4	15.8	22.6	70.1	567	561	564	50.8	5.0	11.1	111.9	35.3	1.01
212	‘819	16.2	16.3	20.7	75.8	505	447	475	36.8	6.8	13.7	66.1	30.1	1.13
															213	Do not have	15.7	16.1	24.2	67.0	536	583	559	47.5	6.9	11.3	84.4	30.9	0.92
214	‘819	16.2	16.2	21.7	72.9	444	427	435	38.6	7.8	11.5	54.9	25.1	1.04
															215	Do not have	16.3	16.6	22.2	62.0	495	567	529	46.7	6.0	10.6	94.3	31.6	0.87

Table 2-representative embodiment 195-272-finished product data (continuing)

Embodiment	Embossing	The soft feel degree	Pliability 450GMT	BW	Thickness	MD	CD	GMT	MD％	CD％	MDBr Mod	CDBr Mod	GMBr Mod	MD/ CD
															216	‘819	16.3	16.2	20.8	68.2	414	427	420	37.7	7.0	11.0	60.9	25.9	0.97
217	Do not have	16.3	16.6	22.7	60.7	519	540	530	50.8	6.3	10.2	86.1	29.7	0.96
															218	‘819	16.6	16.6	21.3	68.0	483	438	460	42.4	7.6	11.4	58.0	25.7	1.10
219	Do not have	16.0	16.7	24.1	64.6	593	711	649	51.0	6.8	11.6	104.5	34.9	0.83
															220	‘819	16.3	16.7	22.3	71.9	547	561	554	42.8	7.9	12.8	72.0	30.3	0.97
221	Do not have	16.3	16.6	23.3	66.0	537	532	534	50.9	7.1	10.5	74.9	28.1	1.01
															222	‘819	16.3	16.1	20.6	70.2	426	379	402	37.4	8.5	11.4	44.7	22.5	1.12
223	Do not have	15.9	16.4	22.8	56.4	565	610	587	30.5	5.0	18.5	123.1	47.7	0.93
															224	‘819	16.6	16.4	20.9	68.2	440	362	399	25.3	5.7	17.4	63.4	33.2	1.22
225	‘819	16.9	16.5	22.5	68.2	347	330	338	23.3	6.2	14.9	53.3	28.2	1.05
															226	‘819	16.8	16.6	21.9	67.5	524	299	396	29.9	9.8	17.5	30.5	23.1	1.75
227	‘819	16.6	16.6	21.0	68.6	443	435	439	26.6	6.0	16.7	73.2	35.0	1.02
															228	‘819	16.8	16.7	20.8	60.6	429	432	430	23.3	5.5	18.5	76.4	37.6	0.99
229	‘819	16.6	16.4	20.7	68.9	373	392	382	19.3	5.6	19.5	70.3	37.0	0.95
															230	‘819	16.9	16.6	20.4	61.5	364	360	362	17.7	5.1	20.9	70.7	38.4	1.01
231	‘819	17.3	16.7	20.4	70.6	314	286	300	17.4	5.8	17.9	49.4	29.7	1.10
															232	‘819	17.4	16.9	20.3	65.1	306	284	295	15.7	5.9	19.3	48.5	30.6	1.08
233	‘819	16.7	16.5	20.4	64.4	452	355	401	25.5	8.1	18.2	44.1	28.3	1.27
															234	‘819	16.5	16.4	20.3	69.9	484	385	432	27.5	7.9	17.5	48.3	29.1	1.26
235	‘819	16.1	16.2	20.4	69.1	488	497	492	27.7	6.8	17.6	72.2	35.7	0.98
															236	‘819	16.3	16.5	20.7	65.3	482	549	514	27.3	6.3	17.9	86.6	39.4	0.88
237	‘819	18.3	18.0	20.3	64.7	403	325	362	22.9	5.7	17.6	56.8	31.6	1.24
															238	‘819	17.7	17.6	20.2	65.9	463	393	427	24.4	5.9	19.0	67.0	35.7	1.18
239	‘819	18.2	17.9	20.3	63.3	494	278	371	25.0	7.8	19.8	35.9	26.6	1.78
															240	‘819	17.9	18.1	20.4	68.2	494	515	504	55.8	8.4	8.9	61.7	23.4	0.96
241	‘819	17.8	17.8	20.3	65.4	467	424	445	50.6	8.7	9.2	48.8	21.2	1.10
															242	‘819	15.7	16.7	20.9	68.0	938	579	737	35.0	7.4	26.8	78.7	45.9	1.62
243	‘819	16.1	16.5	20.6	68.9	709	456	569	32.9	7.6	21.6	60.0	35.9	1.55
															244	‘819	16.8	16.9	20.1	67.1	556	434	491	30.6	6.7	18.2	65.1	34.4	1.28
245	‘819	16.3	16.2	20.3	67.0	471	345	403	37.6	8.7	12.6	39.8	22.4	1.37
															246	‘819	16.4	16.2	20.4	67.8	397	438	417	34.1	7.1	11.7	61.1	26.7	0.91
247	‘819	16.7	16.7	21.2	60.9	525	422	471	34.6	7.5	15.2	56.3	29.2	1.24
															248	‘819	15.8	16.2	22.0	60.5	628	520	571	66.4	11.2	9.4	47.5	21.1	1.21
249	‘819	16.1	16.4	22.1	59.4	636	458	540	62.9	10.8	10.1	42.0	20.6	1.39
															250	B&S，M	17.3	17.0	19.2	64.3	479	295	376	33.8	6.1	14.3	49.6	26.6	1.62
251	Mos.Iris	17.5	17.5	20.0	59.7	517	372	439	36.7	6.2	14.1	59.7	29.0	1.39
															252	B&S，M	16.6	16.5	19.8	67.0	487	359	418	27.0	5.5	17.7	65.0	34.3	1.36
253	B&S，M	16.9	16.6	19.1	65.0	453	303	370	26.0	5.2	17.4	58.0	31.6	1.50
															254	B&S，M	17.0	17.0	19.4	69.1	537	379	451	25.6	5.3	20.8	73.8	39.2	1.42

Table 2-representative embodiment 195-272-finished product data (continuing)

Embodiment	Embossing	The soft feel degree	Pliability 450GMT	BW	Thickness	MD	CD	GMT	MD％	CD％	MDBr Mod	CDBr Mod	GMBr Mod	MD/ CD
															255	Mos.Iris	17.6	17.7	19.9	65.1	571	398	477	28.4	5.4	20.1	73.8	38.5	1.43
256	B&S，M	17.0	16.9	19.3	65.8	507	347	419	25.2	5.4	20.0	64.3	35.8	1.46
															257	Mos.Iris	18.1	18.3	19.5	65.4	603	427	507	31.9	5.1	18.9	83.8	39.8	1.41
258	B&S，M	18.0	18.0	18.7	67.3	553	373	454	28.9	4.9	19.1	76.2	38.1	1.48
															259	B&S，M	17.9	18.0	19.0	69.0	594	385	478	30.0	5.3	20.8	74.3	39.0	1.54
260	B&S	17.1	17.0	19.6	68.1	521	334	417	30.2	6.5	17.5	51.9	30.1	1.56
															261	B&S	16.3	16.3	20.5	76.4	513	401	454	39.0	8.1	13.1	49.3	25.4	1.28
262	DH	16.9	17.0	21.9	70.0	672	353	487	19.0	5.0	35.0	71.0	50.0	1.90
															263	B&S	16.8	17.1	22.1	64.0	700	406	533	21.0	4.0	34.0	94.0	57.0	1.72
264	Do not have	16.6	17.3	22.5	63.0	814	518	649	23.0	4.0	35.0	137.0	69.0	1.57
															265	DH	16.6	17.4	21.8	68.0	1166	407	688	23.9	6.2	49.0	66.0	57.0	2.86
266	DH	17.6	17.7	17.0	65.0	583	413	491	31.0	6.0	19.0	69.0	36.0	1.41
															267	DH	17.8	17.7	22.8	77.0	485	385	432	32.0	6.0	15.0	68.0	32.0	1.26
268	DH	16.4	16.6	23.0	85.0	658	370	493	29.0	6.0	23.0	58.0	36.0	1.78
															269	DH	17.9	18.0	21.1	78.0	565	393	471	30.0	5.0	19.0	77.0	38.0	1.44
270	DH	17.8	18.3	21.4	84.0	792	431	584	31.0	6.0	25.0	76.0	44.0	1.84
															271	M3	18.6	18.5	20.8	104.0	629	291	428	25.0	7.0	25.0	41.0	32.0	2.16
272	DH	17.4	18.0	21.5	86.0	844	468	628	32.0	6.0	26.0	84.0	47.0	1.80
															273	B&S	16.4	16.2	21.0	72.8	482	367	421	21.8	4.7	22.2	78.4	41.7	1.32
274	B&S	16.2	16.1	20.4	77.9	498	332	407	22.1	4.9	22.5	67.5	39.0	1.50
															275	B&S	16.5	16.3	20.5	71.3	459	309	377	16.5	4.6	27.9	67.9	43.5	1.49
255	Mos.Iris	17.6	17.7	19.9	65.1	571	398	477	28.4	5.4	20.1	73.8	38.5	1.43
															256	B&S，M	17.0	16.9	19.3	65.8	507	347	419	25.2	5.4	20.0	64.3	35.8	1.46
257	Mos.Iris	18.1	18.3	19.5	65.4	603	427	507	31.9	5.1	18.9	83.8	39.8	1.41
															258	B&S，M	18.0	18.0	18.7	67.3	553	373	454	28.9	4.9	19.1	76.2	38.1	1.48
259	B&S，M	17.9	18.0	19.0	69.0	594	385	478	30.0	5.3	20.8	74.3	39.0	1.54
															260	B&S	17.1	17.0	19.6	68.1	521	334	417	30.2	6.5	17.5	51.9	30.1	1.56
261	B&S	16.3	16.3	20.5	76.4	513	401	454	39.0	8.1	13.1	49.3	25.4	1.28
															262	DH	16.9	17.0	21.9	70.0	672	353	487	19.0	5.0	35.0	71.0	50.0	1.90
263	B&S	16.8	17.1	22.1	64.0	700	406	533	21.0	4.0	34.0	94.0	57.0	1.72
															264	Do not have	16.6	17.3	22.5	63.0	814	518	649	23.0	4.0	35.0	137.0	69.0	1.57
265	DH	16.6	17.4	21.8	68.0	1166	407	688	23.9	6.2	49.0	66.0	57.0	2.86
															266	DH	17.6	17.7	17.0	65.0	583	413	491	31.0	6.0	19.0	69.0	36.0	1.41
267	DH	17.8	17.7	22.8	77.0	485	385	432	32.0	6.0	15.0	68.0	32.0	1.26
															268	DH	16.4	16.6	23.0	85.0	658	370	493	29.0	6.0	23.0	58.0	36.0	1.78
269	DH	17.9	18.0	21.1	78.0	565	393	471	30.0	5.0	19.0	77.0	38.0	1.44
															270	DH	17.8	18.3	21.4	84.0	792	431	584	31.0	6.0	25.0	76.0	44.0	1.84
271	M3	18.6	18.5	20.8	104.0	629	291	428	25.0	7.0	25.0	41.0	32.0	2.16
															272	DH	17.4	18.0	21.5	86.0	844	468	628	32.0	6.0	26.0	84.0	47.0	1.80

The flimsy material product

Flimsy material product (impermanent wet strength grade with high solids fabric creping manufacturing described here, wherein pliability is a key parameter) can use many be used to make towel products (permanent wet strength grade, wherein absorbability is important, intensity in use be crucial and pliability not as so important in the flimsy material grade) time the same process parameter.In any class, can make 1-layer and 2-layer product.

Fiber:Use the hardwood fiber of high consumption to produce soft flimsy material product best.Long, the not stronger cork fibrous of these fibers is coarse like that.In addition, these thin, short fibers demonstrate the fiber of much higher number (counts)/every gram.In the negative-appearing image side, thinner thing is generally contained in these bardwood pulps, and it is that the timber structure that is used to make paper pulp causes.Remove the number that these meticulous things can be increased in the actual fibers that exists in the final paper sheets.Simultaneously, remove these fine content and can reduce bonding potentiality in dry run, make that wrinkling that this sheet material is separated is sticking with scraper with chemicals or in the dry end of paper machine.Be the sheet material opacity or lack transparency from the key benefits that high fibre count/every gram paper pulp obtains.Because even before sheet material is touched, visually judge most of flimsy material piece performance, so this optical property is the significant contribution person of quality perception.Cork fibrous need provide areolation usually, and hardwood fiber can be arranged on this structure and optimize pliability and optical property.But even for cork, fiber roughness and number of fiber/every gram is important performance.Long, thin, flexible, cork fibrous shape northern softwood is than long, coarse, and thick, hard southern softwood has fiber/every gram of more.The net result that fiber is selected is, for this technology, with all other technology are the same, northern softwood and low fine content, low roughness hardwood can produce under given stretching the sheet material softer and also softer than southern hardwood than northern hardwood as eucalyptus timber.

Chemicals:The flimsy material sheet material is general to use various chemicals to help satisfied consumer demand about characteristic and pliability.Generally, more preferably the dry strength chemicals is put on the long fiber part of paper pulp blend, and not too preferably use refiner to expand stretching.Homogenate is concise can to produce fine content and tend to form the more more bonding key of high bond strength, because the homogenate refining makes fiber more flexible, this can improve the potentiality of fiber in dry run-fiber contact.On the other hand, dry strength additive can improve the intensity of available bonding key, but does not increase the number of bonding key.This based sheet terminates then to become and has more flexibility inherently, even before the cockline step of fabric crepe/draw process.Put on the hardwood part and make us wishing separating sticking chemicals, so these hardwood fibers have lower tendency bonded to one another, but preserved the ability on the network that is bonded in cork fibrous, this ability mainly is the key point of the work TENSILE STRENGTH of paper.In some cases, interim wet strength agent also can add the perception that improves the wet strength characteristic with cork and hardwood fiber, but does not sacrifice rinse capability or septic tank security.

Fabric crepe:This processing step mainly brings the uniqueness of flimsy material sheet material and the performance of making us wishing.Increasing cockline can improve thickness and reduce stretching.In addition, cockline has changed the stretch rate of measuring in base sheet, allows sheet material have equal MD/CD stretching or allow sheet material have the MD lower than the CD stretching stretch.Yet, wish that the flimsy material sheet material demonstrates equal stretching on both direction, because most product is to use with the mode of sheet material orientation independent.For example, " disclosing (poke through) " in toilet paper is subjected to the influence of this stretch rate together with the following fact: cockline produces higher CD extensibility than common technology, especially under lower MD/CD ratio.For other technology, identical expanded material is difficult to pass High-speed machining equipment, owing to tending to propagate on whole sheet material tearing of causing on the edge, thereby causes the tendency of breaking.Opposite with common product, utilize the fabric crepe sheet material of the same stretch ratio of the inventive method manufacturing to keep the tendency of tearing along the MD direction, therefore demonstrated the tendency of self healing, feasible at first marginal laceration also begins to propagate in this sheet material.This exceeds unexpected and particular performances allows to have operation efficient, at a high speed together with the anti-performance of drawing of pulling out of this stretching that extend in this sheet material under the stretch rate below 1 or 1 in this step.In addition, these identical performances have caused tearing only in the perforation of final products.The fabric crepe level of flimsy material product is about 30% to about 60%.Although higher levels of is possible, this scope is considered various quality levels, but does not change on the production capacity of paper machine.

Fabric:The design of fabric is the outstanding aspect of this technology.But the parameter of fabric has surpassed the size and the degree of depth of the depression (depressions) that is woven into wherein.Their shape and layout also are very important.The diameter that constitutes the lines of woven fabric is important equally.For example, the size that is in the joint (knuckle) on the guide edge of depression (this sheet material creases and enters in this depression) has determined the parameter of fabric crepe ratio and basic weight the hole to occur under these parameters in sheet material.This challenge especially for the flimsy material grade, is these depressions to be become as far as possible deeply and the thinnest as far as possible lines diameter is arranged simultaneously, therefore allows bigger fabric crepe ratio, thereby cause bigger sheet thickness under given ratio.Obviously, Fabric Design need change according to the weight of the sheet material of being produced.For example, have high intensity, the 2-layer toilet paper very high-quality, high-quality of thickness and pliability can be made on the 44M-design textile.This 44G also can be used in and makes heavier (2x at the most) the weight single sheet with extraordinary result.Another performance of Fabric Design is to form pattern in sheet material.As if some Fabric Design can be given very noticeable pattern and other Fabric Design can produce the pattern that disappears in the background.Usually the consumer wants to see and enters into the embossed pattern of sheet material and perhaps less in this case sheet material pattern more makes us wishing when being inverted.It is that sheet material is given " high-quality " outward appearance that some grades can will help at the more obvious pattern that does not have to create under the situation of embossing and therefore given by the cockline step.The consumer orientation is in the product of cellulose sheet being regarded as low quality, low price.

Crease:Because this sheet material is transferred in the Yankee formula drier so that carry out final drying in typical fabrics creping of the present invention, this sheet material can crease from this drier (with usually) and further strengthen this pliability.The flimsy material product is from being benefited widely for this wrinkling step that sheet material increases thickness and pliability.On Yankee (drier) side of this sheet material, especially tend to form smooth surface.In addition, because reel creases and the ratio of fabric crepe can irrespectively change with throughput rate (spool velocity), on the performance that changes final sheet material, sizable tolerance is arranged.Improve this reel to crease/the fabric crepe ratio can reduce the bilateral limit degree of paper, because low fabric crepe will need the MD of certain level to stretch." eyebrow " structure that cannot not have outstandingly in paper, it can influence the dual-side degree.In addition, improve the perception that this ratio also can improve this opacity and thickness (thickness) under identical measured thickness (caliper).Usually wish to keep rational ratio (such as the 25-50% reel creases/fabric crepe) to strengthen the consumers' perceptions degree of these " invisible " performances relevant with the presentation quality of sheet material.

CalenderingIn any case:, more calendering is better, uses for subsequent conversion (convert) as long as keep the thickness of reasonable level in sheet material.Thickness very little then needs too many embossing, and this can reduce gross mass.Therefore, a strategy of production high-quality toilet paper is to use the most coarse fabric but does not form the hole in sheet material, reduce the cockline level, so more MD extensibility will be from crease part and still obtained enough thickness before calendering of reel, thus in the calendering step, remove this thickness at least about 20-40%.These calendering levels tend to reduce the side degree of sheet material.Additionally, the high-quality sheet material can enough thinner fabrics but with lower reel crease/the fabric crepe ratio prepares.Because thinner fabric is produced more, littler round vault, more cocklines can be used in the thickness that obtains hope but excessively do not increase the side degree.In most of the cases, obtained the side degree that reduces.In this case reel crease/the fabric crepe ratio can hang down about 5-10%.Therefore calendering can maximize and realize the pliability of wishing.Produce in sheet material when being lower than average dual-side and spending when using strong fiber because cockline reduces TENSILE STRENGTH significantly and when the design of fabric, this method makes us wishing.

Towel products

Towel products is according to showing on various technological parameters with the similar mode of flimsy material sheet material.Yet towel products utilizes identical parameter but in the same direction some is arranged in the opposite direction under many circumstances.For example, two kinds of products form the thickness of wishing, because thickness pliability direct and in the flimsy material product is relevant with the absorbability in towel products.Below in the parameter, only discuss and the flimsy material situation between difference.

Fiber: towel needs functional intensity in use, and this is often referred to the situation when wetting.In order to reach these required stretchings, long cork fibrous is to use with the ratio roughly opposite with the ratio of flimsy material product.The ratio of 70 to 90% cork fibrous is common.The homogenate method can be used but tend to closed this sheet material, so that follow-up cockline can not " be opened " this structure.This causes slower absorption rate and lower capacity.Different with the flimsy material product, fine content (fines) can be used in the towel sheet material, only otherwise use too many hardwood just, because this tends to closed this sheet material once more and can reduce its stretch capability.

Chemicals: surprisingly, separate stick and also can be used in towel! But their use must be carried out carefully.Similarly, the homogenate refining of fiber need be adjusted to reduced levels, to keep the unimpeded and fast absorption of this sheet material.Therefore add the chemicals strength agents usually.Certainly must add the wet strength chemicals to prevent discerping in use.But in order to reach high wet draw level, wet stretching must maximize with the ratio of doing stretching.Become too high as the dried fruit draw level, then the towel sheet material becomes too " paper shape " and is judged as low quality by the consumer.Therefore, add wet strength agent and CMC with CD wet/dried ratio is from the typical 25% 30-35% scope of bringing up to hope.In order to produce more flexible sheet (with therefore being felt as the more sheet material of high-quality by the consumer), can add and separate stick then, the latter preferentially reduces CD and does stretching, compares with wet value.Separate stick and softening agent and also can be sprayed on the sheet material, the dry after this tactile property of further improving.

Fabric crepe: increase this cockline and can directly improve this absorbability.Therefore wish cockline is maximized.Yet FC also reduces stretching, and therefore the balance that must keep is arranged.The towel sheet material can not demonstrate high-caliber MD sometimes and stretch, because the type of employed distributor (dispensers).FC must also be limited in these cases.Therefore, towel needs the more coarse Fabric Design of average specific flimsy material sheet material.In addition, because these wet-sheets typically demonstrate sizable wet strength, they more are difficult to molding under the denseness identical with the flimsy material sheet material.

Fabric: more coarse fabric generally makes us wishing for towel.Double-deck towel sheet material typically with good result at 44G or 36G fabric or more make on the coarse fabric, though good result can obtain by enough thinner fabrics, if especially this fabric crepe ratio is improved.Single sheet usually needs even more coarse fabric comes together to prepare acceptable sheet material together with other technology.Longer fiber and the intensity of Geng Gao allow the use of these fabrics and occur before the hole higher FC ratio being arranged in sheet materials in sheet material.

Crease: on the towel sheet material, carry out few wrinkling.Wrinkling certain raising thickness, but according to carrying out with the similar mode of CWP sheet material.This thickness can disappear when wetting and this sheet material expands.When wetting, the thickness that produces from cockline resembles dried sponge in function.This sheet material is expanding on the Z direction and can shrink on MD and CD direction.This behavior increases the noticeable absorbability of towel widely and makes them seem similar TAD towel.Under many circumstances, the absorbability that to improve the towel sheet material that is used in combination of the zigzag scraper of Taurus technology and fabric crepe technology, thickness, and pliability.This CD stiffness descends, and the CD extensibility is improved simultaneously.The high more permission of the thickness that produces on scraper is more rolled and is therefore brought more sheet material smoothness.Wish in some cases under the situation of not creasing, to pull up this sheet material from Yankee formula drier.Perhaps, this is the situation of washroom towel, and wherein pliability is less important with obtaining on reel that more paper sheets compare.The pendent U.S. Patent application No that submits on the same day referring to people's such as Druecke U.S. Patent No. 6,187,137 and with the application and, act on behalf of files No 12389P1 and 12611P1.

Calendering: because two key reasons, the towel sheet material is benefited from rolling.At first, calendering polishes this sheet material and improves this tactile feel.Secondly, it " crushes " by fabric and gives the round vault that more Z direction degree of depth are produced and usually improve absorbent properties under given thickness for the sense of touch of this sheet material.

The data general introduction of flimsy material

Several paper machine machining tools and embossed pattern are used for producing the toilet paper of 1 layer of retail and commodity.Technological parameter comprises: fabric crepe %, the reel % that creases, and the softening agent addition, the softening agent type, the softening agent location, fiber type, the HW/SW ratio, the calendering load, rubber and steel calendering, the Wrinkle fabric style, MD/CD ratio and Yankee formula apply chemicals.Embossed pattern comprises: ' 819, and M3, diplocardia, butterfly and eddy flow shape have the butterfly and the eddy flow shape of miniature (Micro) and mosaic (Mosaic) rainbow.Best 1 layer of toilet paper of commodity (BRT) prototype contains 40% northern HW and 60% regenerated fiber, at 20 pounds of basic weights and 450GMT, realizes 17.5 soft feel degree.Best 1 layer of BRT prototype of retail contains 80% southern HW and 20% southern SW, at 20.5 pounds of basic weights and 450GMT, realizes 16.9 soft feel degree.

This target comprises definite: use the production of southern hardwood (HW) and cork (SW) to have the technological requirement of 1 layer of retail flimsy material of 17.0 soft feel degree; Use HW and regenerated fiber production to have the influence of the technological requirement of 1 layer of commodity flimsy material of 17.0 soft feel degree and fiber and other technological parameter for soft feel degree and physical property.

17.0 1 layer of BRT soft feel of these commodity degree under 20 pounds of basic weights, realize.The customer test will determine the influence of the basic weight of minimizing for consumer's acceptance level of product.

By using southern HW and SW to make 1 layer of retail flimsy material with 21.4 pounds/3000 square feet, the highest soft feel degree of realizing under 450GMT is 16.9.

By using southern HW and SW to make 1 layer of retail flimsy material with 20.5 pounds/3000 square feet, the highest soft feel degree of realizing under 450GMT is 16.9.

By using 40%HW and 60% regenerated fiber (FRF) to make 1 layer of commodity flimsy material with 20.2 pounds/3000 square feet, the highest soft feel degree of realizing under 450GMT is 17.5.For whole work of report here, average soft feel degree is 16.9.By using 100%FRF to make 1 layer of commodity flimsy material PS with 22.1 pounds/3000 square feet, the highest soft feel degree of realizing under 450GMT is 16.4.

By using Aracruz HW and Marathon SW to make 1 layer of retail flimsy material with 19.8 pounds/3000 square feet, the highest soft feel degree of realizing under 450GMT is 18.3.For whole work of report here, average soft feel degree is 18.0.

Steel/steel calendering causes being equal to thickness minimizing and higher soft feel degree higher under the load, compares with rubber/steel wire calendering.

Increase the calendering load and as if increased the soft feel degree, but press down the minimizing pliability of postponing a meeting or conference being higher than 65PLI, when using original HW and regenerated fiber.For HW and SW, 80PLI is the upper limit.

Under constant row creased %, the increase of fabric crepe % caused the raising of CD extensibility and the decline of CD rupture modulus.Yet finished product soft feel degree does not have influenced under constant GMT.

Under constant row creases %, change fabric crepe %-right-reel respectively the estimating one's own ability of % that crease do not influence the soft feel degree.

The type of the Wrinkle fabric that uses in this research has influence on substrate thickness, but influences the soft feel degree indistinctively.Coarse mesh fabrics produces higher substrate thickness and allows higher calendering level.

1-layer BRT with 1.0MD/CD stretch rate (MD stretch equal CD stretch) equals to have the 1-layer BRT of traditional MD/CD ratio (higher MD stretches) of 1.8 on the soft feel degree.In this case, pliability depends on GMT, but is not CD intensity or CD modulus.

The papermaking furnish effect

Fibre blend in table 3 and 4 is similarly to carry out under the process conditions, and produces 1 layer of BRT.The soft feel degree is measured and is used from the intensity-softness values in the data of annex and is adjusted to 450GMT:(soft feel degree with following formula)+((450-GMT) * (0.0035)).Eucalyptus and Marathon SW papermaking furnish cause the pliability more much higher than other feed.This south HW and SW feed are used for retail 2-layer flimsy material at present.It is the papermaking furnish of using at present when developing 1-layer BRT prototype on PM#2.Substitute southern SW with Marathon SW and improve pliability (first table) a little.So far, the 16.9th, the best perception pliability that under 450GMT, realizes (second table).The mean value that only contains whole work of southern fiber is 16.4.This 17.0 soft feel degree target of realization has been represented the important techniques challenge under 450GMT.Fabric crepe explained hereafter of the present invention goes out utmost point low modulus sheet material, and it is that retail or commodity BRT are acceptable.Yet,, less contact surface is arranged on drier because this sheet material is attached on the Yankee drier with fabric.In the wrinkling process of Yankee, to compare with being attached on the Yankee drier with felt usually, more low degree smoothing takes place in this sheet surface.This causes the velvet-like sense of touch of flange, and is different with common wrinkling thread sense of touch.The air-flow side of sheet material is with the same in common wet pressing is wrinkling, not as the drier sidelight is slided.This air-flow side helps overall pliability in 1-layer product, because it is hidden into inside can not resembling in 2-layer product.This causes lower soft feel degree grading in conjunction with meeting.The current approach that improves pliability is to increase thickness with more coarse Wrinkle fabric, adds softening agent and roll with " height " load this sheet material is polished and to reduce the dual-side degree.Flimsy material (commodity) feed is used for 1-layer BRT, will be 40% northern HW and 60% regenerated fiber.In following table, FRF is the wet type stack fiber (wet-lap) of Fox River regeneration.FRF is the high brightness regenerated fiber.Although the data point of minority only, 17.5 soft feel degree are best up to now.Mean value is 16.9 so far.Here this 17.0 pliability target is low challenge.Total data in the table is a blending formula substrate below.HW prepares in independent pulper usually with SW and moves from different cabinets.The blending in fan pump usually of this fiber, the intimate blending thing of generation fiber.

Table 3

Table 4

Rubber/steel calendering

In order to reduce the bilateral limit degree of 1 layer of BRT, rubber rollers and common steel stack and common steel/steel calendering contrast.This rubber rollers is placed on the drier side of sheet material.The calendering load was for the influence of substrate thickness when following table 5-7 had shown the rubber rollers of using different hardness.Two rubber rollers cause the thickness of similar level to reduce for the calendering load that is equal to.This steel/steel rider causes much higher thickness to reduce being equal under the load, find out from following figure.Should cause under the load and more manyed thickness loss being equal to than the harder 56P+J roller of (nominal) 80P+J roller.Should (nominal) 80P+J roller have before used with its actual measurement P+J value be 70.Its cladding thickness is 5/8 inch, is 1 inch for the 56P+J roller by contrast.Calculating roll-gap width for the 70P+J roller with 5/8-inch cladding thickness is a shade below the value of the 56P+J roller with 1-inch coverage.This has explained that the higher thickness of seeing for " 80P+J " roller reduces.

Table 5

The calender type	The calender load, PLI	8 sheet thickness, mil *	Thickness reduces, %
				The 80P+J/ steel	0	88.5	-
The 80P+J/ steel	25	77.5	12.4
				The 80P+J/ steel	55	71.1	19.7
The 80P+J/ steel	80	67.1	24.2
				The 80P+J/ steel	100	64.4	27.2

* 21 pounds of (lb) substrates

Table 6

The calender type	The calender load, PLI	8 sheet thickness, mil *	Thickness reduces, %
				The 56P+J/ steel	0	89.4	-
The 56P+J/ steel	25	80.0	11.7
				The 56P+J/ steel	50	75.7	15.4
The 56P+J/ steel	50	75.9	15.1
				The 56P+J/ steel	80	72.4	18.9
The 56P+J/ steel	80	73.2	18.1
				The 56P+J/ steel	100	72.9	18.4
The 56P+J/ steel	200	65.9	26.3
				The 56P+J/ steel	200	65.6	26.6

* 23 pounds of (lb) substrates

Table 7

The calender type	The calender load, PLI	8 sheet thickness, mil *	Thickness reduces, %
				Steel/steel	0	86.1	-
Steel/steel	25	69.4	19.3
				Steel/steel	25	72.8	15.4
Steel/steel	50	61.4	28.7
				Steel/steel	50	61.8	28.2
Steel/steel	80	55.5	35.5
				Steel/steel	100	54.7	36.4
Steel/steel	200	49.5	42.4

* 23 pounds of (lb) substrates

Along with calendering load increase, for the stack of all types, bilateral limit degree significantly reduces.Yet, soft like that not as steel/steel calendering substrate with the sheet material sense of touch of rubber/steel rider calendering.Fig. 9 shows under given GMT, the soft feel degree than steel/steel calendered sheet height about 0.4 pliability unit.

Several substrates roll under different loads by using this steel/steel rider.The calendering erect-position is before the reel on the paper machine.These substrates are embossed in changing into 1-layer BRT process then.Following figure shows that the calender load has less influence for the soft feel degree of the sheet material that contains high-quality fiber (being eucalyptus HW and MarathonSW).For the sheet material that contains northern HW and Fox River secondary fiber, pliability is improved under 65PLI calender load, but can reduce when the calender load is increased to 80PLI.Along with the calender load increases, this south sheet material increases pliability a little.Variable process conditions make with different embossed patterns and are difficult to the rolling effect of quantification for pliability.Yet, show that as if some calenderings can improve pliability, reduction pliability but excessive pressure is postponed a meeting or conference.

The contrast of spray softening agent

Hercules D1152, TQ456 and TQ236 compare as the spraying softening agent on the air-flow side that is added to sheet material.Table shows this result below.When regulating, between softening agent, there is not pliability difference for GMT.Hercules M-5118 also tests as the spraying softening agent.This material is a polypropylene glycol ether, is well known in the prior art.Yet, when it is sprayed on the air-flow side of sheet material with the amount of 2 pounds/T, although this sheet material be in 4-foot drier (shift cylinder, Fig. 3) on, this sheet material can't adhere on this Wrinkle fabric.When spraying is positioned on the drier side of sheet material, drawing on slewing rollers (STR) felt before or on solid pressure roll (SPR) Wrinkle fabric before, this sheet material does not adhere to respectively on 4-foot drier or the Yankee formula drier.Another kind of softening agent does not cause the cohesiveness problem and can the Yankee of negative effect under 2 pounds/ton not apply.Yet, under 4 pounds/ton and higher coated weight, all cause unsettled Yankee coating.The results are given in the table 8.

Table 8

Embossed pattern	Stack	The spraying softening agent	Softening agent, pound/ton	Soft feel degree under 450GMT
					‘819	The 80P+J/ steel	TQ236		2	16.1
‘819	The 80P+J/ steel	D1152		2							16.1
‘819	The 56P+J/ steel	D1152		2						16.2
					‘819	The 56P+J/ steel	TQ456		2		16.1

The contrast of green end softening agent

It is possible that softening agent gets the raw materials ready in stiff with the level up to 16 pounds/ton that green end in (usually HW) adds, but does not produce Yankee coating unstability.Following table has shown HerculesTQ236, TQ456, the contrast of D1152 and Clearwater CS359.All be under similar process conditions, to carry out.The load of this steel/steel calendar rolls is 50PLI.' 819 embossed patterns are used for conversion (convert).Under identical adding rate and GMT, all the softening agent performance is identical.For increasing the increase of homogenate refining, do not find the pliability improvement with compensation softening agent (it is as separating stick).Only should only be added among the southern HW by homogenate refining and softening agent by south SW in this case.Theoretical test that this is " less and strong key ".For intensity this SW of homogenate refining only, more substantial softening agent can add to and improves pliability among the HW in theory.Only this SW of homogenate refining (sheet material 20%) does not cause softer sheet material.Though do not obtain the confirmation of sensory testing group, D1152 is chosen as the selection of softening agent, mainly based on the subjective assessment of pliability.The result is summarised in the table 9.

Table 9

Feed	Refiner, HP	Calender, PLI	The green end softening agent	Softening agent, pound/ton	The soft feel degree, 450 GMT
						SHW/SW	There is not load	50	TQ236	4.0	16.5
SHW/SW	46	50	TQ236	8.0	16.4
						SHW/SW	42	50	TQ456	16.0	16.6
SHW/SW	43	50	D1152	4.5	16.2
						SH HW/SW	43	50	D1152	7.5	16.4
SHW/SW	43	50	D1152	9.0	16.8
						SHW/SW	There is not load	50	CS 359	4.0	16.3
NHW/FRF	There is not load	80	D1152	8.0	16.8

The embossed pattern influence

Different embossed patterns is used for determining that whether concrete pattern interacts with the fabric crepe substrate produces the highly-flexible degree.The most embossed pattern that studies show that in past does not improve the substrate pliability, except intensity decreases.In most of the cases process conditions are similarly, but are not constant for following contrast.Yet they are enough similar so that determined whether to take place bigger pliability improvement.Show that below the pattern of any test does not all cause bigger pliability to be improved." diplocardia ", " 819 " (U.S. Patent No. 6,827,819) and " butterfly and eddy flow shape " pattern appear to reach the soft feel degree that is equal to.Referring to following table 10-13.In general, " mosaic rainbow (Mosaic Iris) " pattern has caused than " butterfly and eddy flow shape (Butterflies and Swirls with Micro) that little shape figure is arranged " the soft feel degree value that pattern is higher.Based on these limited data, should not recommend by " butterfly and eddy flow shape that little shape figure is arranged " pattern for the fabric crepe substrate." M3 " and " mosaic rainbow " embossed pattern is those softness values that equate in the table 10 for constant feed and GMT, and should think identical.

Table 10-south HW/ south SW

Table 11-40% north HW/60%Fox River regenerated fiber (FRF)

Table 12-40% eucalyptus HW/60%Fox River regenerated fiber (FRF)

Embodiment	Embossed pattern	GMT	The soft feel degree	Pliability under 450GMT
					255	Mosaic rainbow	477	17.6	17.7
254	Butterfly and eddy flow shape have little shape figure	451	17.0	17.0
					256	Butterfly and eddy flow shape have little shape figure	419	17.0	16.9

Table 13-eucalyptus HW/Marathon SW

Embodiment	Embossed pattern	GMT	The soft feel degree	Pliability under 450GMT
					271	M3	428	18.6	18.5
271	M3	584	17.8	18.3
					257	Mosaic rainbow	507	18.1	18.3
259	Butterfly and eddy flow shape have little shape figure	478	17.9	18.0
					258	Butterfly and eddy flow shape have little shape figure	454	18.0	18.0

Fabric crepe creases to reel

Crease down at constant row, but various fabric crepe % are arranged, produce substrate.Calculate row divided by spool velocity and crease or totally crease rate by shifting cylinder speed (also near forming speed).From this numerical value, deduct 1.Income value multiply by 100 and express with %.For fabric crepe, shift cylinder speed divided by Yankee drier speed, because this also is a Wrinkle fabric speed, deduct 1 and multiply by 100 then.Crease for reel, this Yankee speed deducts 1 and multiply by 100 then divided by this spool velocity.Generally, this transfer cylinder speed and spool velocity remain unchanged with the Yankee velocity variations to produce different fabric/reels condition of creasing.The substrate data are presented at the highest reel and crease down and the highest MD takes place stretch.Minimum geometric average (GM) rupture modulus and the highest CD extensibility take place under the highest fabric crepe rate.Any in these sheet materials any runnability problems all do not appear.Except that Yankee speed, other process variables remains unchanged, but except the Yankee coating interpolation, the latter increases for embodiment 56.For physical property, this sheet material is all quite similar under the fabric/reel of the maximum magnitude that uses creases condition.The result is summarised in the table 14.For these tests, this transfer cylinder is a 4-ft diam drier.

Table 14

All sheet material is not by using embossed pattern or using in U.S. Patent No. 6,827, and the pattern described in 819 is switched on the 1-layer BRT roller of making.The physical data of seeing in the table 15 below and 16 is very similar to above substrate data.Have full fabric crepe and do not have the crease sheet material of (embodiment 57) of reel to have significantly higher CD extensibility and lower CD rupture modulus.The GM modulus generally is lower.Yet the soft feel degrees of data does not all show the pliability advantage for any sheet material.

Table 15

Table 16

The Wrinkle fabric effect

Various Wrinkle fabric designs are used for producing the substrate that is used to convert to 1-layer BRT.Following table 17 has shown the substrate data under similar process conditions.In the row of fabric type that creases, this MD and CD long filament number for example are shown as 42 * 31.At first show the MD number.MD or CD refer to this fabric with respect to the longest joint on that side of sheet material.M, G and B refer to patterns for knitting.The highest not calendering thickness is realized with 56 * 25 mesh fabric.This allows the calendering of higher level, although still realized target roll diameter and consolidation in the product of conversion.The calendering of higher level should reduce bilateral limit degree and improve pliability.

Table 17

When using ' 819 pattern transfer, this 56 * 25G sheet material under the 80PLI calendering, generally has higher soft feel degree.

MD/CD stretch rate effect

This fabric crepe technology can easily controlled the MD/CD stretch rate in the much wide scope than common wet pressing and TAD technology.Obtain 4.0 to 0.4 ratio, need not to allow this technology be subjected to its limiting factor influence.Traditionally, flimsy material product requirement MD stretching (multiple) is higher than CD stretching (multiple) so that the maximization that is shaped.For maximum pliability, it is alap that CD stretching (multiple) keeps.This has increased consumer's destruction risk in use.Increase and MD stretching minimizing if CD stretches, it is constant that GMT keeps.Therefore, lower destruction chance will be arranged under identical overall strength.Table has shown the 1-layer finished product BRT data of two independent experiments below, and wherein the MD/CD stretch rate is to change.Comparing embodiment 90,89 in the following Table 18, and 107 and 108.Reduce this MD/CD ratio and improve CD and GM modulus simultaneously.Yet when being considered to the reason of GMT, the soft feel degree is not influenced significantly.CD intensity increases/3 inches of about 100 grams.This will reduce the risk of in use destroying widely.Because low-intensity, the attribute that can extend of substrate will prevent to break.For the high-speed industrial operation, the perforated vanes type may need change to adapt to low-intensity and high extensibility.

Table 18

Feed	80％EUC 20％MAR	80％EUC 20％MAR	70％NAHHW 30％NAHSW	70％NAHHW 30％NAHSW
					Embodiment
	90	89	107	108
					MD/CD	1.78	1.18	1.37	0.91
The soft feel degree	18.2	17.7	16.3	16.4
					Pliability under 450GMT	17.9	17.6	16.1	16.3
GMT	371	427	403	417
					BW	20.3	20.2	20.3	20.4
Thickness	63.3	65.9	67.0	67.8
					MD stretches	494	463	471	397
CD stretches	278	393	345	438
					The MD extensibility	25.0	24.4	37.6	34.1
The CD extensibility	7.8	5.9	8.7	7.1
					The MD rupture modulus	19.8	19.0	12.6	11.7
The CD rupture modulus	35.9	67.0	39.8	61.1
					The GM rupture modulus	26.6	35.7	22.4	26.7

South HW level

South HW level is shown in the following table 19 for the influence of soft feel degree.Not observing pliability under 75%HW improves.In both cases, pliability is all well below 17.0 desired value.Use 80P+J rubber/steel stack.

Table 19

Embodiment	Embossed pattern	South HW, %	Soft feel degree under 450GMT
				196	‘819	75	16.2
200	‘819	50	16.1

Fabric crepe-right-spraying softening agent

Technological parameter is controlled to determine which uses southern HW and SW to cause 17.0 finished product soft feel degree, if any.This type of contrast is in order to control that intensity is used high fabric crepe rate but the substrate of the softening agent of not spraying and use the spraying softening agent but have between the substrate of low fabric crepe rate and carry out in order to control intensity.Table 20 shows that when regulating for GMT, pliability is equal to.In both cases, pliability is all well below 17.0 desired value.Use 80P+J rubber/steel stack.

Table 20

PM#2 Rol1#	Embossed pattern	The spraying softening agent, pound/ton (lb/T)	The fabric crepe rate, %	Soft feel degree under 450GMT
					200	’819	2	31	16.1
198	‘819	0	56	16.1

Molding case vacuum

The molding case is positioned on the Wrinkle fabric, is creasing between roller and the solid pressure roll.The sheet material solid content is normally between 38 and 44% in this.Vacuum can be found out in this table for the influence of sheet thickness.For 21 Inches Of Mercury vacuum in the molding case, observe the almost increase of 8 mils of " 8 sheet thickness ".This is about 14% raising.Two rollers roll under 50PLI with steel/steel rider.The amount that thickness forms depends on the roughness of weaving textile (fabric weave) and the vacuum capacity that is applied.Other sheet properties is not influenced significantly.Use the molding case to carry out drying.Not significant variation the in Yankee cover temperature, sheet material moisture brings up to 3.65% from 2.66 after the Yankee formula is handled.Vacuum drags this sheet material and is deep into this Wrinkle fabric, therefore, and between the Yankee (Yankee) less contacting is arranged, and needs more dryings keep sheet material moisture.Referring to table 21.This Yankee cover temperature is not regulated in this case.

Table 21

Wrinkle fabric	Molding case vacuum, in.Hg	8 sheet thickness, mil	Sweep measuring set sheet material moisture, %
				44G
	0	56.7	2.66
				44G	21	64.6	3.65

Under fabric crepe, sheet material moisture is for the substrate Effect on Performance

By control process parameters, the sheet material moisture that enters into the cockline part of this technology can change.On the employed paper machine that 120mm watt of formula press and 22 pounds of sheet materials are housed, solid content changes to 46% from about 34.For low solid content condition, the STR vacuum reduces, and watt formula press load reduces and 4-foot drier steam reduces.In order on reel this sheet drying to be arrived about 2% moisture, Yankee steam and cover temperature have to improve.Low solid content substrate on GMT than high solids sheet material low/3 inches of about 270 grams.See table.This mainly owing under low watt formula press load, take place than little compressible.This cockline step is reset this fiber largely, but obviously it can not fully untie the caused whole compressions of pressing operation.Other physical property comprises the SAT capacity, is not significantly different, when considering strength difference.This experiment should repeat under constant compacting by only using vacuum and steam to change the sheet material solid content.Yet based on these experiments, here the sheet material solid content can't expect it is significant for the substrate Effect on Performance in Yan Jiu the scope.Dry influence is significant, therefore is worth enlarging the range of solid content of being tested.The result is summarised in the following table 22.

Table 22

Although the present invention is described relatively with several embodiment, the improvement for these embodiment within the spirit and scope of the present invention is conspicuous for those skilled in the art.Consider above-mentioned discussion, relevant knowledge of the prior art and the above list of references of being discussed about background and detailed description that comprises pendent patent application, their disclosure all is hereby incorporated by reference, therefore further describe think unnecessary.

Claims (12)

1. make the method for the cellulose net width of cloth that is used for the flimsy material product, comprising:

(a) the main cellulose water-based papermaking furnish of forming by hardwood fiber of preparation;

(b) with papermaking furnish as the jet flow that under jet speed, flows out from flow box be provided to shaping with fabric on;

(c) the nascent net width of cloth that papermaking furnish compression dehydration formation is had the obvious random distribution of paper fibre;

(d) dewatered web that will have an obvious random fiber distribution puts on the portable transfer face of moving under first kind of speed;

(e) utilizing the wrinkling conveyer belt that contains pattern that this net width of cloth is carried out conveyer belt from transfer face under the denseness of about 30-about 60% creases, this step of creasing is to take place in the wrinkling roll gap of conveyer belt that limits between transfer face and wrinkling conveyer belt under pressure, wherein this conveyer belt is to move under slower second kind of speed than the speed of transfer face, this conveyer belt pattern, the roll gap parameter, speed δ and net width of cloth denseness are selected, so that creasing and reallocate from transfer face, this net width of cloth has the cancellated net width of cloth in wrinkling conveyer belt formation, this network structure has the interconnection region of a plurality of different localized basis weight, comprising the fiber rich region of (i) a plurality of high localized basis weight at least, connect by (ii) a plurality of low localized basis weight and to come interconnected with the zone;

(f) dry this net width of cloth; With

(g) control hardwood and cork ratio, fiber length distribution, whole creasing, jet speed, dry and the wrinkling step of conveyer belt and select wrinkling conveyer belt pattern, make dried stretch rate that this net width of cloth embodiment feature is this net width of cloth in the %CD extensibility that it had at least about 2.75 times.

2. according to the method for claim 1, further be included in the step of the calendering net width of cloth between the first steel stack and the second steel stack.

3. make the method for the cellulose net width of cloth that is used for towel products, comprising:

(a) the main cellulose water-based papermaking furnish of forming by cork fibrous of preparation;

(b) with papermaking furnish as the jet flow that under jet speed, flows out from flow box be provided to shaping with fabric on;

(c) the nascent net width of cloth that papermaking furnish compression dehydration formation is had the obvious random distribution of paper fibre;

(d) dewatered web that will have an obvious random fiber distribution puts on the portable transfer face of moving under first kind of speed;

(e) utilizing the wrinkling conveyer belt that contains pattern that this net width of cloth is carried out conveyer belt from transfer face under the denseness of about 30-about 60% creases, this step of creasing is to take place in the wrinkling roll gap of conveyer belt that limits between transfer face and wrinkling conveyer belt under pressure, wherein this conveyer belt is to move under slower second kind of speed than the speed of transfer face, this conveyer belt pattern, the roll gap parameter, speed δ and net width of cloth denseness are selected, so that creasing and reallocate from transfer face, this net width of cloth has on the cancellated net width of cloth in wrinkling conveyer belt formation, this network structure has the interconnection region of a plurality of different localized basis weight, comprising the fiber rich region of (i) a plurality of high localized basis weight at least, come interconnected by (ii) a plurality of low localized basis weight join domains;

(f) dry this net width of cloth; With

(g) control hardwood and cork ratio, fiber length distribution, whole creasing, jet speed, dry and the wrinkling step of conveyer belt and select wrinkling conveyer belt pattern, make dried stretch rate that this net width of cloth embodiment feature is this net width of cloth in the %CD extensibility that it had at least about 2.75 times.

4. make the method for the absorbency fiber cellulose sheet that conveyer belt creases, comprising:

(a) preparation comprises the cellulose feed of the mixture of hardwood and cork fibrous;

(b) with papermaking furnish as the jet flow that under jet speed, flows out from flow box be provided to shaping with fabric on;

(c) the nascent net width of cloth that papermaking furnish compression dehydration formation is had the obvious random distribution of paper fibre;

(d) dewatered web that will have an obvious random fiber distribution puts on the portable transfer face of moving under first kind of speed;

(e) utilizing the wrinkling conveyer belt that contains pattern that this net width of cloth is carried out conveyer belt from transfer face under the denseness of about 30-about 60% creases, this step of creasing is to take place in the wrinkling roll gap of conveyer belt that limits between transfer face and wrinkling conveyer belt under pressure, wherein this conveyer belt is to move under slower second kind of speed than the speed of transfer face, this conveyer belt pattern, the roll gap parameter, speed δ and net width of cloth denseness are selected, so that creasing and reallocate from transfer face, this net width of cloth has on the cancellated net width of cloth in wrinkling conveyer belt formation, this network structure has the interconnection region of a plurality of different localized basis weight, comprising the fiber rich region of (i) a plurality of high localized basis weight at least, come interconnected by (ii) a plurality of low localized basis weight join domains;

(f) dry this net width of cloth; With

(g) control hardwood and cork ratio, fiber length distribution, whole creasing, jet speed, dry and the wrinkling step of conveyer belt and select wrinkling conveyer belt pattern, make dried stretch rate that this net width of cloth embodiment feature is this net width of cloth in the %CD extensibility that it had at least about 2.75 times.

5. the method for the absorbency fiber cellulose sheet that creases according to the manufacturing conveyer belt of claim 4, wherein fiber being oriented on the CD in the fiber rich region is partial to.

6. the method for the absorbency fiber cellulose sheet that creases according to the manufacturing conveyer belt of claim 4, it is operated under the fabric crepe of about 10-about 100%.

7. the method for the absorbency fiber cellulose sheet that creases according to the manufacturing conveyer belt of claim 4, it is operated under at least about 40% fabric crepe.

8. the method for the absorbency fiber cellulose sheet that creases according to the manufacturing conveyer belt of claim 4, it is operated under at least about 60% fabric crepe.

9. the method for the absorbency fiber cellulose sheet that creases according to the manufacturing conveyer belt of claim 4, it is operated under at least about 80% fabric crepe.

10. the method for the absorbency fiber cellulose sheet that creases according to the manufacturing conveyer belt of claim 4, it 100% or higher fabric crepe under operate.

11. the method for the absorbency fiber cellulose sheet that creases according to the manufacturing conveyer belt of claim 4, it about 125% or higher fabric crepe under operate.

12. the method for the absorbency fiber cellulose sheet that creases according to the manufacturing conveyer belt of claim 4, wherein this net width of cloth comprises secondary fiber.

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