CN101573162A

CN101573162A - Methods and apparatus for distillation

Info

Publication number: CN101573162A
Application number: CNA2007800489158A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 弗兰西斯·P·伯克; 肯尼思·J·霍恩; 戴维·B·泰勒; 斯蒂芬·R·托帕斯
Original assignee: Hydrologic Industries Inc
Current assignee: Hydrologic Industries Inc
Priority date: 2006-11-08
Filing date: 2007-11-08
Publication date: 2009-11-04

Abstract

In one embodiment, a method includes moving a first volume of fluid from a region above a heat-transfer element to a region below the heat-transfer element after the first volume of fluid is boiled from a second volume of fluid within the region above the heat-transfer element. The first volume of fluid including an impurity concentration lower than an impurity concentration of the second volume of fluid. The region below the heat-transfer element has a temperature higher than a temperature of the region above the heat-transfer element. The method also includes transferring latent heat from the first volume of fluid to a third volume of fluid on a top surface of the heat transfer element. The latent heat is released when the first volume of fluid condenses.

Description

The method and apparatus that is used to distill

The cross reference of related application

The application's case advocates that in the title of application on November 8th, 2006 be the U.S. Provisional Application case the 60/864th of " fluid purification system (Liquid PurificationSystem) ", No. 899 priority, the full text of described application case is incorporated herein by reference.The application's case is also advocated to be No. the 11/936th, 657, U.S.'s non-provisional application case of " use and change the method and apparatus (Methods and Apparatus for Distillation Using Phase ChangeEnergy) that energy distills mutually " in the title of on November 7th, 2007 application; Be No. the 11/936th, 740, U.S.'s non-provisional application case of " method and apparatus (Methods and Apparatus for Distillation of ShallowDepth Fluids) that is used for the distillation of shallow degree of depth fluid " in the title of on November 7th, 2007 application; And in the title of on November 7th, 2007 application U.S.'s non-provisional application case the 11/936th for " be used for and change method for processing signals and the equipment (Methods and Apparatus forSignal Processing Associated with Phase Change Distillation) that is associated that distills mutually ", No. 741 priority, and be the case that continues of the above application case, the full text of all described application cases is incorporated herein by reference.

Technical field

Embodiments of the invention generally relate to distillation, and in particular, relate to being used in a big way the temperature and the method and apparatus of the effective distillation under the pressure.

Background technology

Used many known devices and method to come to go out fluid from the mixture distillation (or separation) of fluid.For instance, thus can use known desalination apparatus to come purifying sea water to be used for irrigating or drinking purposes with the fresh water that generation has low salinity.Yet known distilling apparatus and method be comparatively complicated usually, operation and need a large amount of power owing to poor efficiency under high pressure and/or high temperature.Therefore, there are temperature and/or the distillation equipment of the valid function under the pressure and the needs of method that make it possible in a big way a kind of.

Summary of the invention

In one embodiment, a kind of method is included in the fluid of first volume after being positioned at zone above the heat transfer element and going out from the fluid boiling of second volume, and the fluid of described first volume is moved on to the zone that is positioned at below the described heat transfer element from the zone that is positioned at described heat transfer element top.The fluid of described first volume comprises the impurity concentration of the impurity concentration of the fluid that is lower than described second volume.The zone that is positioned at described heat transfer element below has the temperature of the temperature that is higher than the zone that is positioned at described heat transfer element top.Described method also comprises the fluid that latent heat is delivered to the three volumes on the top surface that is positioned at described heat transfer element from the fluid of described first volume.Described latent heat is to discharge when the fluid condensation of described first volume.

In another embodiment, a kind of equipment comprises the shell with at least one inlet and outlet.Described shell is configured to receive via described inlet the fluid of a volume.At least a portion that the fluid of described volume is in the fluid of substantially liquid and described volume comprises through dissolved impurity.Described equipment also comprises the heat transfer element of the internal volume that is coupled to described shell.Described heat transfer element comprises the surface, and its at least a portion is angled and settle with respect to horizontal plane.The fluid of described volume comprises the surface that is parallel to described horizontal plane.Described equipment further comprises compression assembly, and it is configured to compress at least a portion of the fluid that goes out from the fluid boiling of described volume.

In another embodiment, a kind of method comprises that reception is from the signal that is placed in the sensor in the shell.Described shell comprises boiling vessel part and condenser portion.At least a portion of described boiling vessel part and at least a portion of described condenser portion are defined by the heat transfer element of the interior section that is coupled to described shell.Described method comprises that also revising in heat transfer rate that described heat transfer element is associated with respect to the angle of horizontal plane so that with described heat transfer element or the flow rate that changes fluid mutually in described shell at least one in response to described signal is modified.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 illustrates the schematic block diagram of Distallation systm according to an embodiment of the invention.

Fig. 2 for be configured to according to an embodiment of the invention Jiang Shui and salt-moisture from the schematically illustrating of Distallation systm.

Fig. 3 explanation according to an embodiment of the invention can be in order to determine the vapo(u)rous kilsyth basalt to the operating point of small part of Distallation systm.

Fig. 4 is for illustrating the schematic diagram of the characterization curve that is associated with compression assembly according to an embodiment of the invention.

Fig. 5 is used for the flow chart of method that the part of the fluid of a volume is separated with described fluid according to an embodiment of the invention for explanation.

Fig. 6 A is the decomposition diagram of some assemblies of Distallation systm according to an embodiment of the invention.

Fig. 6 B is the perspective view of the heat transfer element of Fig. 6 A under the situation that does not have salt-water according to an embodiment of the invention.

Fig. 6 C is the perspective view of the heat transfer element of Fig. 6 A under the situation that has salt-water according to an embodiment of the invention.

Fig. 6 D is the perspective transparent print of allocation component according to an embodiment of the invention.

Fig. 7 A illustrates the schematic diagram of Distallation systm according to an embodiment of the invention.

Fig. 7 B is the schematic diagram of the part of the Distallation systm shown in Fig. 7 A according to an embodiment of the invention.

Fig. 8 is the schematic diagram of compression assembly according to an embodiment of the invention.

Fig. 9 is the schematic diagram of heat transfer element according to an embodiment of the invention.

Figure 10 A is the schematic block diagram of the side cross-sectional view of Distallation systm according to an embodiment of the invention, and described Distallation systm has conical heat transfer element substantially.

Figure 10 B is the schematic block diagram of overlooking phantom of the Distallation systm shown in Figure 10 A according to an embodiment of the invention.

Figure 11 is the schematic block diagram of Distallation systm according to an embodiment of the invention, and described Distallation systm comprises control module.

Figure 12 is used to revise the flow chart of method of angle of the heat transfer element of Distallation systm according to an embodiment of the invention for explanation.

Figure 13 is used for the flow chart of the method for initial Distallation systm according to an embodiment of the invention for explanation.

The specific embodiment

Fig. 1 illustrates the schematic block diagram of Distallation systm 100 according to an embodiment of the invention.In certain embodiments, Distallation systm also can be known as the distillation unit.Distallation systm 100 is configured to reuse energy and effectively material separates with the mixture of two or more material.Specifically say, use continuously the energy that during separating treatment, discharges and/or add system to promote further to separate according to endless form.In certain embodiments, Distallation systm can be efficient Distallation systm, and it can have under different temperatures under (for example, at low temperatures or at high temperature) and/or the different pressures different piece of (for example, under low pressure or under high pressure) operation.

Distallation systm 100 comprises heat transfer element 120, compression assembly 140 and two chambers---chamber 110 and chamber 130.The assembly of Distallation systm 100 is configured to according to coordinated mode operation and by the change mutually of material described material is separated with described mixture when the part of the mixture of two or more material cycles through described Distallation systm 100.For instance, can be in chamber 110 change mutually and described material is separated with mixture by first.The energy that can discharge by changing mutually in chamber 130 internal causes second and be delivered to chamber 110 via heat transfer element 120 from chamber 130 brings out (for example, causing) first and changes mutually.When at least some parts of mixture cycle through Distallation systm 100, can energy be added in the described part by compression assembly 140.

In certain embodiments, first changes mutually and can change on the contrary mutually with second.For instance, first changes the change mutually can be from the liquid state to the gaseous state mutually, and second change the change mutually that can be from the gaseous state to the liquid state mutually, and vice versa.Therefore, first changes the heat absorption (for example, needs/consumed energy) that can be the latent heat that needs (for example) vaporization mutually changes mutually, and second heat release (for example, releasing energy) that changes the latent heat that can be release (for example) condensation mutually changes mutually.

Distallation systm 100 can be configured to operate under the temperature of broad range and pressure.For instance, the chamber 110 of Distallation systm 100 and in the chamber 130 each can be configured to operate under the temperature of the temperature of the normal boiling point that is lower than the material in the mixture substantially and/or pressure and/or pressure.In certain embodiments, the chamber 110 of Distallation systm 100 and chamber 130 can be configured under temperature that is associated with the normal boiling point of material in the mixture and/or pressure or be higher than the temperature of described temperature and/or described pressure and/or pressure under operate.In certain embodiments, chamber 110 and chamber 130 can be configured to operate under temperature that is separated by appointed interval and/or pressure.

As shown in fig. 1, chamber 110 can be configured to receive via inlet 112 mixture of a volume, and the mixture of described volume is that fluid and its have impurity concentration.Impurity can be one or more elements, compound, material or the material in (for example) be included in (for example, ionization in, be suspended in) described volume with arbitrary phase (for example, solid, liquid, gas) the fluid.Can be in chamber 110 a part of boiling of fluid be become gas phase, and it is moved on in the compression assembly 140 from the fluid of described volume.The gaseous state of fluid part can and be moved in the chamber 130 by compression assembly 140 compressions, in chamber 130, along with the gaseous state part of fluid in heat transfer element 120 places condensation, the gaseous state of fluid part can discharge heat 185.Can use the heat 185 that discharges from the condensation portion of fluid to introduce the chamber 110 boiling of fluid of a volume of (for example, the gaseous state part of fluid in chamber 110 after the boiling) in regular turn via inlet 112 further to bring out.

The described part of the fluid that goes out from the fluid boiling of described volume can be known as distillate and can be with respect to the fluid of described volume and have relatively low impurity concentration.In other words, the described part of the fluid that goes out from the fluid boiling of described volume can be the fluid that purifies substantially, and it is compared with original stock has relatively low impurity content.In certain embodiments, because the described part of fluid is fluid boiling from described volume to be gone out and has relatively low impurity concentration, so the impurity concentration of the fluid of initial volume will increase.In certain embodiments, the fluid of purification can be the product of wanting (for example, target product) from Distallation systm 100.Having fluid than the described volume of high impurity concentration can be known as accessory substance and can remove from chamber 110 via outlet 114.In certain embodiments, accessory substance also can be desired distillate or target distillate.

In case Distallation systm 100 reaches steady state operation condition, then can use via chamber 110 and the opposite Continuous Heat transmission that changes the circulation that changes mutually in the chamber 130 mutually and carry out and produce the distillate of larger volume effectively, to obtain the distillate energy needed with the fluid from a volume be to be provided by mutually anti-phase change substantially because change mutually.Can equal to operate compression assembly 140 necessary energy substantially with the required energy of continuous-mode operation.In certain embodiments, Distallation systm 100 can comprise control system (not shown), its be configured to handle with (for example) Distallation systm 100 in the flowing and/or signal that the heat transmission is associated of one or more fluids.Will in conjunction with Figure 11 and Figure 12 discuss with Distallation systm 100 in the relevant more details of control system.

Though can use the Distallation systm 100 shown in Fig. 1 with (for example in multiple application, wastewater treatment) in multiple material (is for example separated with multiple mixture, methyl alcohol is separated with methanol-water mixtures, gasoline is separated with gasoline-aqueous mixtures, water is separated with juice-aqueous mixtures), yet, will focus on water and liquid salt-hydrate (NaCl-H in conjunction with the following disclosure of embodiments of the invention ₂O) separate/be used as representative example from salt-hydrate distillation water outlet of liquid state.In certain embodiments, salt can be dissolved in the water by (for example) ionization state.

Fig. 2 for be configured to according to an embodiment of the invention Jiang Shui and salt-moisture from the schematically illustrating of Distallation systm 200.In certain embodiments, salt-water can have other impurity that is included in (for example, be dissolved in, be suspended in) salt-water, for example, and based on the compound (for example, calcium chloride (CaCl)) of calcium, based on the compound of zirconium and/or based on the compound of magnesium.For example the many imaginary lines in the imaginary line of imaginary line 232 are represented moving of the fluid that is associated with Distallation systm 200.

As shown in Figure 2, Distallation systm 200 has shell 204, and shell has boiling vessel part 206 and condenser portion 208.Can via inlet 282 salt-the current 273 that flow into be moved in the salt-water 272 of the volume in the boiling vessel part 206 of shells 204 by (for example) pump (not shown).When the salt-water 272 of described volume was arranged in heat transfer element 220 tops of boiling vessel part 206, heat was delivered to salt-water 272 via heat transfer element 220 so that fresh water steam can be gone out and it can be moved into (232) the compression assembly 240 from 272 boiling of salt-water.Can fresh water steam be sucked in (for example, drawing in) compression assembly 240 by compression assembly 240.

Described fresh water steam is compressed so that the temperature and/or the pressure of the fresh water steam at inlet 242 places that the temperature of the fresh water steam at outlet 244 places of compression assembly 240 and/or pressure are higher than compression assembly 240 by compression assembly 240.Along with fresh water steam moves through compression assembly 240, the mechanical energy of compression assembly 240 increases the temperature of fresh water steam and/or pressure.In certain embodiments, when fresh water steam was compressed by compression assembly 240, the volume of fresh water steam had reduced up to 1/2nd.

Compressed fresh water steam moves in the condenser portion 208 of shell 204 (234), and the basal surface of contact heat transfer element 220 is so that compressed fresh water steam is condensable and fresh water that fall into shell 204 is collected the fresh water 270 (236) of a volume of part 209.Fresh water is collected part 209 also can be known as fresh water reservoir, fresh water container or fresh water storage tank.Can via outlet 284 fresh water 270 be removed from shell 204 in flowing out fresh water 275 streams by (for example) pump (not shown).

Along with fresh water steam goes out from 272 boilings of salt-water, the concentration of the salt in salt-water 272 increases, till salt-water 272 becomes salt solution 274.In certain embodiments, salt solution 274 can be with salt and reaches capacity or the intimate water that reaches capacity with salt.Can via outlet 286 salt solution 274 be removed from shell as the brine stream that flows out 277 by (for example) pump (not shown).In certain embodiments, can remove the brine stream 277 of outflow by gravity.In certain embodiments, salt solution 274 can contain the salt of (for example) about by weight 25%.In certain embodiments, can with salt solution 274 as be used for medical purposes, cooking purpose, at oily extraction process (not shown), sell at the product of heat exchanging process (not shown) and/or as the reactant in the chemical process (not shown).

Though the water that the water that goes out from 272 boilings of salt-water reaches in heat transfer element 220 condensations is known as fresh water steam and fresh water respectively, fresh water steam and fresh water can comprise some impurity.Yet the concentration of impurity (for example, based on the concentration of mole, based on the concentration of weight) can significantly be lower than the concentration of the impurity in salt-water 272.In other words, the salinity of fresh water can be lower than the salinity of salt-water 272.In other words, fresh water steam and/or fresh water can have a salinity, and described salinity is lower than the salinity of salt-water 272 before going out fresh water steam from 272 boilings of salt-water.

Can almost completely use the latent heat that discharges because of condensation to go out fresh water steam from salt-water 272 boilings of heat transfer element 220 tops from the compressed steam of compression assembly 240.In other words, make aqueous water heat absorption in salt-water 272 be transformed into mutually fresh water steam energy needed/heat can be substantially the energy/heat that produces provides by making the compressed steam exothermic phase of gaseous state be transformed into the aqueous water fresh water 270 of condensation (for example, through).In certain embodiments, fluid (for example, salt-water, steam or the like) flow to shell 204, from shell 204 flow out and/or flow rate shell 204 in can be through defining so that fresh water steam almost completely is to go out by the heat boiling that produces because of the condensation from the compressed steam (with line 234 displayings) of compression assembly 240.

As shown in Figure 2, heat transfer element 220 has inclined surface with respect to horizontal plane 226.In certain embodiments, heat transfer element 220 can be several times (for example, 1 degree, 15 degree, 45 degree) with respect to the angle 224 of horizontal plane 226 or even is once mark.The slope of heat transfer element 220 through design with by making heat promote to go out fresh water steam from 272 boilings of salt-water via the more shallow degree of depth 222 that heat transfer element 220 is delivered to salt-water 272.In this embodiment, the surface of salt-water 272 and heat transfer element 220 are put 228 places at depth zero and are intersected.In certain embodiments, the degree of depth 222 of salt-water 272 can be between one inch mark (for example, 0.1 inch) and several inches (for example, 2.2 inches, 5 inches).

Can directly use via heat transfer element 220 heat of the higher percent of transmitting to cause boiling, because the degree of depth 222 of the salt-water 272 on heat transfer element 220 all or part of is more shallow.In other words, the more shallow degree of depth 222 promotes that effectively heat is transmitted.Say that specifically when the salt-water 273 of new colder inflow flows in the salt-water 272 of the described volume in the boiling vessel part 206 of shell 204 via inlet 282, the effect of heat will can significantly not offseted owing to the salt-water 273 that is transmitted to described inflow.And when the degree of depth 222 of salt-water 272 is more shallow, the boiling in the boiling vessel part 206 of shell 204 will can significantly not be subjected to the inhibition of the static pressure relevant with the degree of depth 222 of salt-water 272.

Heat transfer element 220 can be formed by a kind of material structure, and described material promotes from the available heat transmission to boiling vessel part 206 of the condenser portion 208 of shell 204.In particular, the material of heat transfer element 220 can be through selecting so that the heat conductivity of heat transfer element 220 is higher relatively and will can not cause undesirable poor efficiency heat loss.For instance, heat transfer element 220 can be formed by simple metal and/or alloy (it can comprise for example material of copper, silver, gold and/or aluminium) structure.And heat transfer element 220 can be relatively thin so that heat transfer element 220 will further promote the available heat transmission of the degree of wanting.In certain embodiments, for instance, heat transfer element can be one inch mark (for example, 1/8 inch, 1/32 inch).In certain embodiments, heat transfer element 220 can be the material that maybe can comprise based on polymer.

In this embodiment, heat transfer element 220 is placed in the shell 204 fully and defines at least a portion of boiling vessel part 206 of Distallation systm 200 and at least a portion of condenser portion 208.For instance, the top surface of heat transfer element 220 defines the bottom boundary of boiling vessel part 206, and the basal surface of heat transfer element 220 defines the top boundary of condenser portion 208.

In certain embodiments, the shape of heat transfer element 220 can be through revising so that the compressed fresh water steam of the basal surface of collision heat transfer element 220 will be by on the ad-hoc location of canalization to the heat transfer element 220.In certain embodiments, heat transfer element 220 can have difference (for example, variation) thickness and/or shape at the different piece place of heat transfer element 220 so that different piece will have different heat transfer characteristics.Heat transfer characteristics can change according to temperature and/or the barometric gradient in boiling vessel part 206 and/or the condenser portion 208.Discuss the heat transfer element of different shape and type in conjunction with subsequent drawings.

In certain embodiments, Distallation systm 200 can have allocation component (not shown) to promote and will (show with line 234) from the compressed steam distribution of compression assembly 240 on the basal surface of heat transfer element 220.For instance, allocation component can be configured to cause compressed steam to distribute equably substantially or distribute on heat transfer element 220 with special style along the basal surface of heat transfer element 220.In certain embodiments, allocation component can be configured to based on the specified pressure gradient in boiling vessel part 206 and/or the condenser portion 208 and/or thermograde and will compressed steam distribution on the basal surface of heat transfer element 220 and/or with compressed steam distribution on the basal surface of heat transfer element 220 with formation specified pressure gradient and/or thermograde in boiling vessel part 206 and/or condenser portion 208.

In certain embodiments, allocation component can be configured to force the basal surface of compressed steam collision heat transfer element 220 to promote condensation.For instance, can force compressed steam to arrive on the basal surface of heat transfer element 220 basal surface that moves apart heat transfer element 220 with the material that can suppress condensation (for example, sediment, through the fresh water of condensation).In conjunction with Fig. 6 A and Fig. 6 D and discuss the more details relevant with allocation component.

The assembly of Distallation systm 200 can be formed by various materials structure, for example (for instance) metal, rubber and/or based on the material (for example, acrylic polymer, polyethylene, glass fibre) of polymer.For instance, the shell 204 of Distallation systm 200 can be formed by the plastic material structure of for example teflon or polystyrene, and the pipeline of Distallation systm 200 can be the material based on polyvinyl chloride (PVC).

As shown in Figure 2, be configured to exchanged heat in heat exchanger 260 from the brine stream 277 of outlet 286 outflow, the freshet 275 that flows out and salt-current 273 of flowing into.Heat exchanger 260 is configured to the salt-current 273 from heat in the freshet 275 of brine stream 277 that flows out and outflow and inflow are exchanged and the salt-current 273 of heating inflow in advance.Transferred heat to described salt-current 273 before entering boiling vessel part 206 at the salt-current 273 that flow into, the temperature of the salt-current 273 of inflow can be in or approach the boiling point of water under the operating pressure of the boiling vessel part 206 of Distallation systm 200 substantially.Therefore, will only need heat (for example, the latent heat of condensation) relatively in a small amount to make 272 boilings of salt-water.Can described little calorimetric be added in the compressed steam by compression assembly 240, described compressed steam finally is discharged in salt-water 272 heat so that its boiling during in the condensation of heat transfer element 220 places at compressed steam.This situation is logically followed, when the salt-current 273 (in its feed-in salt-water 272) that flow near when wanting boiling point when (for example, desired temperature and/or pressure seethe with excitement), compression assembly 240 employed energy can reduce.

In certain embodiments, heat exchanger 260 can be configured to use the energy from the outside of Distallation systm 200 to heat the salt-current 273 of inflow in advance.For instance, heat exchanger 260 can be configured to use solar energy (not shown) or under the assigned operation pressure of the boiling vessel part 206 of shell 204 salt-the current 273 that flow into is heated to the temperature of wanting in advance from the energy of the output (for example, useless stream, rudimentary used heat) of independent processing (not shown).In certain embodiments, heat exchanger 260 can be (for example) package type heat exchanger, plate heat exchanger and/or recuperative heat exchanger.

In certain embodiments, beyond the heat exchanger 260 or alternative heat exchanger 260, one or more in the assembly of Distallation systm 200 are configured to use the energy of catching the environment around the Distallation systm 200.For instance, can pass through wind energy, solar energy and/or provide power to one or more pumps (not shown), control module (not shown) and/or sensor (not shown) that the operation with Distallation systm 200 is associated from the energy of the output (for example, useless stream) of independent processing (not shown).Can be by the energy storing device of for example battery and/or fuel cell to the one or more power that provide in the assembly of Distallation systm 200.

Distallation systm 200 can be configured to produce fresh water from salt-water 272 under in a big way temperature and pressure.In this embodiment, one or more parts of Distallation systm 200 (for example, boiling vessel part 206, condenser portion 208) can be configured to operate under temperature that is lower than the temperature that is associated with the normal boiling point of water and/or pressure substantially and/or pressure.For instance, boiling vessel part 206 can be configured in the specified pressure that is lower than normal atmospheric pressure (for example, 1 atmospheric pressure) substantially operation down.In certain embodiments, one or more parts of Distallation systm 200 (for example, boiling vessel part 206, condenser portion 208) can be configured to operate being in or being higher than under the temperature of the temperature that is associated with the normal boiling point of water and/or pressure and/or the pressure.

Distallation systm 200 can be configured to make boiling vessel part 206 and condenser portion 208 operating under the temperature that separates with appointed interval and/or operating under the pressure that separates with appointed interval.For instance, boiling vessel part 206 and condenser portion 208 can be configured to operate under with the temperature of (for example, count degrees Fahrenheit (F), several degree Kelvin (K)) several times and separating.In certain embodiments, boiling vessel part 206 is operated down with the pressure that condenser portion 208 can be configured to separate at the mark with a pressure unit (for example, pound per square inch absolute pressure (psia) unit, millimetres of mercury (mmHg) unit).Can be provided at the energy that causes pressure differential and/or temperature difference between boiling vessel part 206 and the condenser portion 208 by mechanical energy from compression assembly 240.

Fig. 3 explanation according to an embodiment of the invention can be in order to the vapo(u)rous kilsyth basalt of the operating point of at least a portion of determining Distallation systm.Can define operating point by the combination of (for example) operating pressure, operating temperature, operational humidity or the like.Distallation systm can be the Distallation systm 200 shown in (for example) Fig. 2.Can select the corresponding operating point of boiling vessel part 206 and condenser portion 208 in the following manner: (1) uses the saturation table shown in Fig. 3 to select boiling vessel part 206 operating points; And (2) calculate condenser portion 208 operating points based on boiling vessel part 206 operating points.Can calculate the operating point of condenser portion 208 based on some factors (for example, comprising the heat transfer characteristics of heat transfer element 220 and the change that heat of vaporization takes place owing to impurity) from boiling vessel part 206 operating points.

For instance, at the operating point (being showed in 306 places) of 0.5psia and 78, need 1096.4 British thermal units (BTU) to cause the change mutually of aqueous water of a pound (1b) at boiling vessel part 206 places.If the heat transference efficiency at heat transfer element 220 places is 99.91%, and the impurity in salt-water 272 make heat of vaporization increase by 0.14%, and then the condenser side of heat transfer element 220 is required is 1098.9BTU/1b with the heat that causes vaporizing.Based on saturation table, the operating point at condenser portion 208 places should be 0.6psia and 85 (being showed in 308 places) to satisfy this heat request.Condenser portion 206 is being operated so that the heat that produces because of condensation in condenser portion 208 will be delivered to boiling vessel part 206 via heat transfer element 220 under high slightly steady temperature and the pressure.In certain embodiments, the thickness that reduces heat transfer element 220 can increase the efficient of heat transfer element 220.

Return referring to Fig. 2, in certain embodiments, can produce the temperature difference and/or the pressure differential of the operating point of boiling vessel part 206 and condenser portion 208 substantially by compression assembly 240.In other words, energy can be added to from boiling vessel part 206 and move on to the fluid (for example, fresh water steam) of condenser portion 208 to keep the different condition of operating point.In certain embodiments, the boiling vessel part 206 of Distallation systm 200 may be operated under high temperature and/or high pressure, and the condenser portion 208 of Distallation systm 200 may operate under low temperature and/or low pressure, and vice versa.

If boiling vessel part 206 is configured to operate under the low pressure that is lower than normal atmospheric pressure substantially, the weight that then described low pressure can flow by the salt-water 273 that flows into is kept/is produced.Though not shown among Fig. 2, Distallation systm 200 can be configured to salt-water 273 of make flowing into water column (column) for the salt-water of inflow with a weight, it is suspended in the below of boiling vessel part 206 by the pressure in the boiling vessel part 206.In addition, the height of the water column of salt-water 273 streams of inflow can be through defining to form the appointment low pressure in the boiling vessel part 206.Other stream of distillation unit 200 (salt solution 277 streams that for example flow out) can be configured in a similar manner assist in boiling vessel part 206 and keep/define low pressure.Can use the weight of the fresh water 275 of outflow to keep/define specified pressure in the condenser portion 208.

In certain embodiments, Distallation systm 200 can be operated under assigned temperature and/or pressure to prevent specific undesirable side effect substantially.In certain embodiments, Distallation systm 200 can be configured to assigned temperature and/or under specified pressure operation to prevent the precipitation and/or the dissolving of the different compounds compound of magnesium (for example, based on).For instance, Distallation systm 200 can be configured to operation under being lower than 185 temperature and will can not precipitate so that may be present in impurity in salt-water 272 compound of calcium (for example, based on).In certain embodiments, for instance, boiling vessel part 206 can be configured to be higher than under the temperature of assigned temperature operation so that specific impurities (for example, microorganism, bacterium) with destroyed.And, compare with the situation that Distallation systm 200 is at high temperature operated, can reduce the isolated of Distallation systm 200 and (for example) surrounding environment by operation at a lower temperature.

In certain embodiments, fresh water steam can be assisted at condenser portion 208 places of (for example) Distallation systm 200 in the bottom surface condensation of heat transfer element 220 and be kept environment under low pressure.In other words, a large amount of compressed steam are shrunk to liquid and can form subnormal ambient when compressed steam condensation, and described subnormal ambient can reduce the pressure of the condenser portion 208 of Distallation systm 200.

In certain embodiments, along with the brine stream 277 that flows out is sucked out the boiling vessel part 206 of shell 204, the pressure in the boiling vessel part 206 of shell 204 can reduce.In certain embodiments, the flow rate of brine stream 277 can be kept low voltage operated environment to assist in the boiling vessel part 206 at shell 204 through adjusting.In certain embodiments, Distallation systm 200 can be operated under stable state after starting sequence continuously.In certain embodiments, energy needed is substantially operation compression assembly 240 energy needed between steady state period.Discuss the more details relevant in conjunction with Figure 13 with starting sequence.

In certain embodiments, compression assembly 240 can have the dull pressure differential flow rate feature that changes, for example the pressure differential flow rate feature of the change of the dullness shown in Fig. 4.Fig. 4 is for illustrating the schematic diagram of the characterization curve 420 that is associated with compression assembly according to an embodiment of the invention.As shown in Figure 4, the pressure differential of compression assembly (Δ P) (being showed on the y axle) is along with the increase of the flow rate (being showed on the x axle) by compression assembly and dullness reduces.Pressure differential is the pressure differential between the inlet of the outlet of compression assembly and compression assembly.The feature that the dullness of compression assembly changes promote Distallation systm () stability for example, the Distallation systm 100 shown in Fig. 1, especially when Distallation systm at low temperature and/or all the more so when under low pressure operating.

In some cases, the pressure in the shell of Distallation systm will (for example) when reducing unexpectedly, and the compression assembly that does not have the dull pressure differential flow rate feature that changes may vibrate between flow rate in unsettled mode.The vibration of this type can cause Distallation systm can't produce distillate or produce undesirable distillate, because can't obtain the continuous energy of change mutually owing to inconsistent flowing.

In certain embodiments, compression assembly 240 can comprise one or more compressors (for example, implements spatial scalable compression machine) and/or one or more valve control assemblies (not shown).Compression assembly 240 can be (for example) centrifugal compressor, hydraulic pressure compressor, diagonal or mixed flow compressor, Axial Flow Compressor, reciprocating compressor, rotary screw compressor, scroll compressor, lobe type compressor (for example, Roots (roots) air blast) and/or diaphragm type compressor.In certain embodiments, compression assembly 240 can comprise the system of the valve of coordination, for example shown in Fig. 8 and the system of the valve of the coordination of describing in conjunction with Fig. 8.

In certain embodiments, compression assembly 240 can be placed in the shell 204 of Distallation systm 200.In certain embodiments, by compression assembly 240 is placed in the shell 204, the problem that can alleviate or avoid fully being associated with less leakage in (for example) compression assembly 240.For instance, compression assembly 240 can comprise the fluid pressure motor that is placed in the shell 204.In certain embodiments, the heat that is produced by the mechanical part of compression assembly 240 can be delivered to salt-water 272 further to bring out the boiling at boiling vessel part 206 places of shell 204.In certain embodiments, the motor that is placed in the outside of shell 204 can magnetically be coupled to screw or the flabellum that is placed in the shell 204 and is configured to compress fresh water steam.

In certain embodiments, compression assembly 240 can be placed in heat transfer element 220 and/or shell 204 belows.In certain embodiments, Distallation systm 200 can have a plurality of compression assemblies, have each type inflow stream a plurality of inflows stream (for example, salt-the current of a plurality of inflows), stream (for example, the brine stream of a plurality of outflows), a plurality of boiling vessel and/or condenser portion and/or a plurality of heat transfer element of a plurality of outflows of stream that has the outflow of each type.In certain embodiments, Distallation systm 200 can have a plurality of levels.For instance, can be the stream of the inflow in the after-fractionating system from the stream of the outflow of first Distallation systm.

In certain embodiments, Distallation systm 200 can have degas system (not shown), salt-current 273 degassings that described degas system is configured to (for example) flowed into are so that discharging from salt-water under the situation of gas, and can close needs the boiling of ground interruption above heat transfer element 220.In certain embodiments, degas system can be configured to salt-water 273 degassings to flowing into before salt-water is received in heat exchanger 260 places.In certain embodiments, degas system can be configured to salt-water 273 degassings to flowing into after heat exchanger 260.In certain embodiments, at least a portion of degas system can be placed in the shell 204.

In certain embodiments, Distallation systm 200 can comprise (for example) acoustic wave converter (not shown), and described acoustic wave converter is configured to promote the boiling above heat transfer element 220.In certain embodiments, acoustic wave converter can be ultrasonic transducer.The fracture that acoustic wave converter can strengthen salt-water promotes to change into steam state from liquid state with (for example).In certain embodiments, can further use acoustic wave converter to come to 272 degassings of salt-water.In certain embodiments, ultrasonic transducer can be placed in the boiling vessel part 206 of shell 204.

Fig. 5 is used for the flow chart of method that the part of the fluid of a volume is separated with described fluid according to an embodiment of the invention for explanation.Described flowchart text at 500 places, receives the fluid of the volume with impurity concentration at the shell place of Distallation systm.Water and impurity concentration that the fluid of described volume can be a volume can be (for example) salt.In certain embodiments, the fluid of described volume can comprise polytype impurity (for example, based on the impurity of calcium, based on the impurity of magnesium).

At 510 places, in the boiling vessel part of shell, receive the fluid of described volume in the top surface place of heat transfer element.The fluid of described volume can aspirate out and be received via the inlet of shell from the main body of (for example) salt-water.The top surface of described heat transfer element can define at least a portion of the boiling vessel part of shell.

At 520 places, go out the part of fluid from the fluid boiling of described volume.If the fluid of described volume is the salt-water of a volume, then the described part of fluid can be with gaseous state as steam and from fresh water that salt-the water boiling goes out.

At 530 places, go out in fluid boiling after the described part of fluid from described volume, receive the fluid of described volume in the salt solution collection unit office of Distallation systm.In certain embodiments, go out in the fluid boiling from described volume after the described part of fluid, the fluid of described volume can have different impurity concentrations.

At 540 places, the described part of compressed fluid and its boiling vessel from shell partly moved into the condenser portion.Can compress by the compression assembly that is coupled to shell and the described part of mobile fluid.

At 550 places, the described part of fluid is in the bottom surface condensation of heat transfer element.When the described part of fluid was collided the basal surface of heat transfer element, the described part of fluid was condensable.The basal surface of heat transfer element can define at least a portion of the condenser portion of shell.

At 560 places, the heat that will discharge in the bottom surface of heat transfer element is delivered to the boiling vessel part from the described part of fluid.In certain embodiments, the whole heat that discharge in the bottom surface of heat transfer element or substantially all heat can transmit via heat transfer element.

At 570 places, receive the described part of fluid in the fresh water collection unit office of Distallation systm through condensation.In certain embodiments, can aspirate the described part of fluid from the fresh water collection unit office of Distallation systm through condensation.In certain embodiments, the fresh water of Distallation systm is collected partly and can be placed in the shell.

Fig. 6 A is the decomposition diagram of some assemblies of Distallation systm 600 according to an embodiment of the invention.Distallation systm 600 has top section 610, heat transfer element 620, allocation component 630 and the fresh water of the shell 680 of at least a portion that defines boiling vessel and collects reservoir 640.In this embodiment, in Distallation systm 600, receive the salt-water 631 of inflow via inlet 674.Along the top section 622 of heat transfer element 620 and flow, and fresh water steam is shown in arrow 634 and go out from salt-water boiling on the direction of arrow 632 for salt-water.In certain embodiments, with respect to horizontal plane, the slope of heat transfer element 620 is substantially less than 1 degree.

The perspective view of showing heat transfer element 620 among Fig. 6 B and Fig. 6 C.There is not the heat transfer element 620 (yet being showed among Fig. 6 A) under the situation that there is salt-water 664 in heat transfer element 620 (also being showed among Fig. 6 A) under the situation of salt-water and Fig. 6 C explanation in Fig. 6 B explanation.Salt-water 664 with concentration flows out from opening 626, and described concentration is along with the corrugated portion 666 of described salt-water 664 by heat transfer element 620 increases till it reaches brine strength.Salt-water 664 intersects at the depth zero point place that is close between each dimpled grain (furrow) and the burr (ridge) of corrugated portion 666.At the deepest point place of each dimpled grain, the degree of depth of salt-water 664 can be (for example) several inches or still less.In this embodiment, the salt-water 631 (being showed among Fig. 6 A) that flows into is drawn in the reservoir 668 of heat transfer element 620, but so that 664 uniform distributions of salt-water on the corrugated portion 666 of heat transfer element 620.Reservoir 668 can be known as the distribution reservoir.

Return the A referring to Fig. 6, the shell 680 from Distallation systm 600 flows out salt solution 636 via outlet 676.After steam 634 is compressed, via groove 652 compressed steam 638 is injected the mid portion 650 of shell 680 towards the base section 624 of heat transfer element 620.Use the distributing manifold 690 shown in Fig. 6 D that compressed steam 638 is assigned in the groove 652.As shown in Fig. 6 D, distributing manifold 690 has the outlet slot 696 that inlet 694 reaches corresponding to groove 652 (being showed among Fig. 6 A).Manifold system 692 via distributing manifold 690 is assigned to groove 652 with compressed steam 638.In certain embodiments, distributing manifold 690 can be known as allocation component.

Return the A referring to Fig. 6, the canalization system 644 by allocation component 630 further guides compressed steam 638.In certain embodiments, the horizontal plane 646 of allocation component 630 (for example can have a plurality of openings, the aperture), the basal surface 624 (on the direction of arrow 648) after compressed steam 638 is injected shell 680, described compressed steam 638 is guided towards heat transfer element 620., after the base section 624 places condensation of heat transfer element 620, will be collected in the reservoir 660 at compressed steam 638 through the fresh water 662 of condensation.

Fig. 7 A illustrates the schematic diagram of Distallation systm 700 according to an embodiment of the invention.Distallation systm 700 has shell 710, and described shell 710 comprises heat exchanger 760, compression assembly 740 and heat transfer element 720.The part that shell 710 has the part of serving as boiling vessel 712 and serves as condenser 714.

As shown in Figure 7A, salt-water 722 along heat transfer element 720 from salt-water reservoir 754 downward (for example, through the gravity drawing) flows to the salt solution 774 in the salt solution reservoir 776.When salt-water 722 when heat transfer element 720 flows downward, fresh water goes out and is moved into (724) the compression assembly 740 (showing with line 724) from 722 boilings of salt-water as fresh water steam.Fresh water steam is compressed into compressed steam (for example, compressed fresh water steam) and moves (showing with line 726) towards the basal surface 728 (condensation herein of compressed steam) of heat transfer element 720 at compression assembly 740 places.To be delivered to mobile salt-water 722 and go out from described mobile salt-water 722 boilings because of the heat that discharges that changes mutually at basal surface 728 places of heat transfer element 720 via heat transfer element 720 to cause fresh water steam.In certain embodiments, Distallation systm 700 can have allocation component (not shown), and it is configured to promote with compressed steam distribution on the basal surface 728 of heat transfer element 720.After compressed steam is condensed into fresh water, fresh water 770 is collected in the fresh water reservoir 778.

Fig. 7 B is the schematic diagram of the part of the Distallation systm shown in Fig. 7 A 700 according to an embodiment of the invention.As shown in Fig. 7 B, the surface of the salt-water 722 that flows downward along heat transfer element 720 is in substantially parallel relationship to the inclined-plane of heat transfer element 720.Therefore, salt-water 722 can have the more shallow degree of depth 782 on the whole length of the cardinal principle of heat transfer element 720.In certain embodiments, can determine the flow rate of salt-water 722 and the degree of depth 782 of salt-water 722 apart from the height of salt-water reservoir 754 by the liquid level and/or the opening 784 of the salt-water in salt-water reservoir 754.In certain embodiments, the flow rate that can control salt-water 722 by the shape and/or the slope of heat transfer element 720.

In certain embodiments, Distallation systm 700 (for example, heat transfer element 720, boiling vessel 712 or the like) can be configured to make operating period that the vapour pressure of (being positioned at the selecting of opposite ends place of the heat transfer element 720) salt-water 722 located of selecting 732 and 736 can be identical substantially at Distallation systm 700.And, salt-water 722 the flow rate on the heat transfer element can be through defining so that the static pressure at invocation point 734 and 738 places can be identical substantially and be approximately equal to pressure in the boiling vessel 712.In other words, the degree of depth 782 of salt-water 722 can be through defining so that can ignore static pressure from the degree of depth 782 of salt-water 722, therefore promote boiling above the top surface of heat transfer element 720.For instance, if boiling vessel 712 is configured to operate under the specified pressure that is lower than normal atmospheric pressure substantially, the vapour pressure of then putting 732 and 736 places can equal described specified pressure substantially, and put the pressure at 734 and 738 places can be identical substantially with described specified pressure.

Return the A referring to Fig. 7, recirculation pump 780 is configured to be drawn into salt-water reservoir 754 from salt solution reservoir 776 by at least a portion with salt solution 774 and recycles described part.The described part of salt solution 774 can then stand boiling to be handled, and wherein can extract extra fresh water from salt solution 774.Can more effectively extract fresh water by in the recycle brine 774 some, especially more like this under the situation that salt solution 774 does not reach capacity with salt.In other words, compare, can remove the fresh water of higher percent from salt-water 722 with situation about not recycling.

In certain embodiments, can carry out the recirculation of the salt solution 774 that uses recirculation pump 780 and carry out from the signal that salt solution 776 extracts extra fresh water in response to indication.For instance, sensor (not shown) and the control module (not shown) that is associated can be configured to start when the salinity of determining salt solution 774 is lower than assign thresholds and/or control recirculation pump 780.

Fig. 8 is the schematic diagram of compression assembly 840 according to an embodiment of the invention.Compression assembly 840 is configured to fresh water steam being shifted to heat transfer element (not shown) (transmitting when herein, the energy of fresh water steam can be in condensation) uses before from the heat of useless stream 850 compression fresh water steam in chamber 846.Compression assembly 840 has inlet valve 842 and outlet valve 844, and it is configured to operate according to coordinated mode.Inlet valve 842 is opened and outlet valve 844 cuts out to allow fresh water steam to enter and fill the chamber 846 of compression assembly 840.At the appointed time after the cycle, inlet valve 842 cuts out and to temperature and/or the pressure of the fresh water Steam Heating in the chamber 846 to increase described fresh water steam.At the appointed time after the cycle, open outlet valve 844 and described steam is discharged into the condenser (not shown) of (for example) Distallation systm.

Fig. 9 is the schematic diagram of heat transfer element 990 according to an embodiment of the invention.Heat transfer element 990 has a plurality of steps 992.The step 992 of heat transfer element 990 can be configured to revise or define the flow rate of salt-water 980 on heat transfer element 990 and/or the heat transfer characteristics of heat transfer element 990.

Figure 10 A is the schematic block diagram of the side cross-sectional view of Distallation systm 1000 according to an embodiment of the invention, and described Distallation systm 1000 has conical heat transfer element 1020 substantially.Conical heat transfer element 1020 has top surface 1048, can boiling above described top surface 1048 from the salt-water 1022 of salt-water reservoir 1054.Fresh water steam can be shifted to the basal surface 1049 (condensation herein of fresh water steam) (shown in line 1094) that conical heat is transmitted thermal element 1020 via the opening at the top section place of conical heat transfer element 1020.Can come mobile fresh water steam by the blade of propeller 1026, described propeller 1026 is to be driven by the motor 1090 in the shell 1010 that is placed in Distallation systm 1000.Be condensed into after the water of condensation at fresh water steam, can be collected in the fresh water reservoir 1070 at pedestal 1044 places (or its below) of conical heat transfer element 1020 through the water of condensation.In certain embodiments, heat transfer element 1020 can be configured to be similar to heat transfer element illustrated in fig. 9 990.

As shown in Figure 10 A, propeller 1026 (it is the part of compression assembly 1040) is rotated around axle 1024 (for example, the axis) that extend to pedestal 1044 from opening 1046.Axle 1024 is fastened to shell 1010 by two groups of bearings 1078 and 1076.Because the assembly of compression assembly 1040 is placed in the shell 1010 fully, so do not need to prevent the seal and other assembly that leak in certain embodiments.Equally, can use the major part of pining for that produces by compression assembly 1040 with when fresh water steam moves from the part of outside to conical heat transfer element 1020 in of conical heat transfer element 1020 (showing) by line 1094 to the temperature of fresh water steam pressurized and/or increase fresh water steam.

Also as shown in Figure 10 A, can use heat exchanger 1060 heat to be delivered to the salt-water (not shown) of the inflow that is moved to salt-water reservoir 1054 from the fresh water reservoir.In certain embodiments, heat exchanger 1060 can be configured to use the energy (for example, solar energy) from the outside of Distallation systm 1000.Salt-the water of high concentration and/or salt solution are collected in the salt solution reservoir 1074.

Figure 10 B is the schematic block diagram of overlooking phantom of the Distallation systm shown in Figure 10 A 1000 according to an embodiment of the invention.As shown in Figure 10 B, heat transfer element 1020 is annular substantially heat transfer element 1020.In certain embodiments, heat transfer element 1020 can be semi-circular or difformity (for example, pentagon, octagon).In certain embodiments, shell 1010 also can have the shape (for example, circular, annular, triangle) that is different from the shape shown in Figure 10 B.

Figure 11 is the schematic block diagram of Distallation systm 1100 according to an embodiment of the invention, and described Distallation systm 1100 comprises control module 1110.Distallation systm 1100 has heat transfer element 1120, and it defines at least a portion of boiling vessel 1140 and at least a portion of condenser 1142.Distallation systm 1100 also has compression assembly 1130, is coupled to the actuator 1150 of heat transfer element 1120, is coupled to the inlet valve 1164 that exports 1172 outlet valve 1162 and be coupled to inlet 1174.Outlet 1172 is from the outlet of shell 1104 pass-outs and to enter the mouth 1174 are the inlets that feed shell 1104.Outlet valve 1162 and inlet valve 1164 can have the actuator that is configured to revise flow separately.

Control module 1110 is configured in response to one or more parts or the function of controlling (for example, changing, revise, trigger one changes) Distallation systm 1100 from the signal of sensor 1160.Control module 1110 can be configured to before the operation of Distallation systm 1100, after the operation of Distallation systm 1100 or at the operating period of Distallation systm 1100 control Distallation systm.Control module 1110 can be configured to control Distallation systm 1100 based on the control module 1112 of control module 1110.For instance, control module 1110 can be configured to implement starting sequence.Control module 1112 can comprise and can (for example instruct based on one or more, computer program, algorithm) one or more hardware modules (for example, firmware, digital signal processor) and/or one or more software modules (for example, instruction, software program).Control module 1112 can comprise one or more memory portion (not shown) and/or one or more processing sections (not shown).

Control module 1110 can be configured to control based on the control algolithm of for example feedback algorithm and/or feedforward arithmetic (for example, control program) at least a portion of Distallation systm 1100.Control algolithm can be based on any combination of proportion control, derivative control and/or integration control.Control module 1110 can be configured to based on controlling at least a portion of Distallation systm 1100 with Distallation systm 1100 historical data associated.Can come store historical data in response to instruction from control module 1110 and it can be stored in can database (not shown) by control module 1110 accesses in.

Sensor 1160 can comprise one or more in (for example) temperature sensor, pressure sensor, humidity sensor, flow rate sensor, electromagnetic radiation sensor or the like.Though show a sensor 1160 among this embodiment, in certain embodiments, Distallation systm 1100 can have a plurality of sensors (not shown) of the various piece that is arranged in Distallation systm 1100.For instance, sensor (not shown) can be coupled to heat transfer element 1120, sensor (not shown) can be placed in the condenser 1142 and/or sensor (not shown) can be placed in the compression assembly 1130.In certain embodiments, at least a portion of sensor 1160 (or another sensor) can be placed in the outside of the shell 1104 of Distallation systm.

For instance, control module 1110 can be configured in response to revise the angle 1112 of heat transfer element 1120 with respect to horizontal plane 1118 from the signal of sensor 1160.Control module 1110 can be by sending the slope that signal change heat transfer element 1120, and described signal triggering is coupled to the moving of actuator 1150 of heat transfer element 1120.When satisfying one or more conditions (for example, satisfying threshold condition), can send described signal from control module 1110.In certain embodiments, when angle 1112 changes, can revise the flow rate of fluid 1114.In certain embodiments, control module 1110 can be configured to based on the speed of revising the heat transfer rate of heat transfer element 1120 from the signal of sensor 1160.Can be at control module 1110 places calculate heat transfer rate based on one or more signals from the sensor 1160 (and/or another sensor) of Distallation systm 1100.

Control module 1110 can be configured to based on from the signal of sensor 1160 (and/or another sensor (not shown)) by changing valve 1162 and/or valve 1164 respectively and revise the flow rate of outlet 1172 and/or 1174 the flow rate of entering the mouth.For instance, if as control module 1110 based on determining from the signal of sensor 1160, boiling speed, pressure and/or the temperature of the fluid 1114 of heat transfer element 1120 tops are lower than threshold value, and then control module 1110 can change the flow rate (showing with line 1132) via outlet 1172 by the part of movement of valve 1162.Equally, if as control module 1110 based on determining from the signal of sensor 1160, boiling speed, pressure and/or the temperature of the fluid 1114 of heat transfer element 1120 tops satisfy condition, and then control module 1110 can change the flow rate (showing with line 1134) via inlet 1174 by the part of movement of valve 1164.

In certain embodiments, control module 1130 can be configured in response to the output of revising compression assembly 1130 from the signal of sensor 1160 and/or input (for example, input temp, input pressure, output temperature, output pressure).For instance, control module 1130 can be configured to revise the speed of the motor (not shown) of compression assembly 1130 when condensing rate, pressure and/or the temperature of heat transfer element 1120 belows satisfy threshold condition.In certain embodiments, control module 1130 throughput rate that can be configured to when fresh water production speed and/or compressed steam is lower than output and/or the input of revising compression assembly 1130 when specifying limit value.

In certain embodiments, control module 1110 can be configured to revise fluid flows into shell 1104 from the reservoir (not shown) that is placed in shell 1104 outsides flow rate.In certain embodiments, control module 1110 can be configured to revise flow rate, temperature and/or the pressure from the fluid that is positioned at shell 1104 that is placed in the reservoir (not shown) in the shell 1104.In certain embodiments, control module 1110 can be configured to revise in the shell 1104 and/or flow rate, temperature and/or the pressure of outside waste product (for example, salt solution).

In certain embodiments, the part that control module 1110 can be configured to revise Distallation systm 1100 (for example, the slope of heat transfer element 1120, the flow rate of fluid) so that boiling vessel 1140 is (for example, heat transfer element 1120 places or above) in temperature and the temperature in the condenser 1142 (for example, heat transfer element 1120 places or below) separate with appointed interval.In certain embodiments, control module 1110 can be configured to revise the part (for example, the flow rate of the slope of heat transfer element 1120, fluid) of Distallation systm 1100 so that the pressure in pressure in the boiling vessel 1140 and the condenser 1142 separates with appointed interval.

In certain embodiments, can coordinated mode (for example, side by side, continuously) revise a plurality of assemblies of being associated with Distallation systm 1100 with the realization result that wanted.For instance, if the boiling speed of heat transfer element 1120 tops (for example is lower than appointment, want) rank, angle 1112 that then can be by revising heat transfer element 1120 increases the flow of the fluid that goes out from fluid 1114 boilings with the speed of the flow rate that increases fluid 1114 and the motor by increasing compression assembly 1130.In certain embodiments, control module 1110 can be configured to control via cable network and/or wireless network one or more parts of a plurality of Distallation systms (not shown).

In certain embodiments, Distallation systm 1100 can have user interface (not shown), and the user can use described user interface manually to change the one side of Distallation systm 1100.For instance, the user can change the flow rate of the fluid that is associated with Distallation systm 1100 or the heat transfer rate of heat transfer element 1120 via user interface.In certain embodiments, the user can change the operating point of one or more parts of Distallation systm 1100 via user interface.Flow rate and/or angle that control module 1110 can be configured to modification (for example) heat transfer element 1120 change with implementation and operation point.

In certain embodiments, for instance, can use for example heating component (not shown) such as electric heater between tour in particular point of operation at least a portion of Distallation systm 1100 temporarily.For instance, if the operating temperature of boiling vessel part 1140 increases, then can use heating component to heat the salt-current (not shown) of inflow till reaching limit temporarily.In certain embodiments, can use the limit of heating component lastingly with a part of keeping Distallation systm 1100.

Figure 12 is used to revise the flow chart of method of angle of the heat transfer element of Distallation systm according to an embodiment of the invention for explanation.Described flow chart is showed, at 1210 places, receives the fluid with impurity concentration at the shell place of Distallation systm.At 1220 places, receive from the signal of Distallation systm sensor associated.In certain embodiments, sensor can be temperature sensor or pressure sensor.

At 1230 places, revise the angle of the heat transfer element that is coupled to shell based on described signal.For instance, when satisfying threshold condition based on described signal, control module can trigger actuator to change the angle of heat transfer element.In certain embodiments, except the angle of revising heat transfer element or the angle of alternative modified heat transfer element, also can revise the flow rate of at least a portion of fluid.

Figure 13 is used for the flow chart of the method for initial Distallation systm according to an embodiment of the invention for explanation.Described flowchart text at 1300 places, uses find time at least a portion of shell of Distallation systm of vavuum pump.In certain embodiments, if one or more parts of Distallation systm are configured under low pressure operate, the shell of the Distallation systm of then must finding time.In certain embodiments, because Distallation systm is configured to operation under (for example) atmospheric pressure, so do not need vavuum pump.In certain embodiments, need air blast to increase to the operation with high pressure point with pressure with Distallation systm.

At 1310 places, the initial compression assembly that is coupled to shell.At 1320 places, use heating component to heat the fluid of the shell that flows to Distallation systm.Described fluid can be the mixture of two or more material.In certain embodiments, fluid can be heated to the operating temperature of the boiling vessel part of Distallation systm.In certain embodiments, heating component can be (for example) only at the electric heating assembly that during starts uses.In certain embodiments, need cooling package to be reduced to the low-temperature operation point with temperature with the stream of the inflow of Distallation systm and/or outflow.

At 1330 places, when Distallation systm reaches stable state, stop the operation of vavuum pump and heating component.In certain embodiments, when the condenser portion of the boiling vessel of Distallation systm part and Distallation systm reached its corresponding operating point, Distallation systm was with steady state operation.At the steady state operation point, the heat transfer rate that is placed in the heat transfer element in the shell of Distallation systm is constant substantially.

Some embodiment relate to a kind of Computer Storage product with computer-readable media (also can be known as the processor readable media), have the instruction or the computer code that are used to carry out by computer-implemented various operations on the computer-readable media.Medium and computer code (also can be known as code) can be medium and the computer code that particular design is also constructed for specifying purpose.The example of computer-readable media includes, but is not limited to: the magnetic storage media of hard disc, floppy disc and tape for example; The optic storage medium of compact disc/digital video disk (CD/DVD), compact disc-read-only storage (CD-ROM) and holographic apparatus for example; The magneto-optic storage media of floptical disk for example; Carrier signal; And through the hardware unit of customized configuration with storage and performing a programme code, for example, special IC (ASIC), programmable logic device (PLD) and ROM and random-access memory (ram) device.The example of computer code includes, but is not limited to microcode or microcommand, machine instruction (for example, being produced by compiler) and contains the file of the more senior instruction of being carried out by computer use interpreter.For instance, can use slag (Java), C++ or other goal orientation formula programming language and developing instrument to implement embodiments of the invention.The additional examples of computer code includes, but is not limited to control signal, encrypted code and compressed code.

In a word, especially describe and be used in a big way the temperature and the method and apparatus of the distillation under the pressure.Though above described various embodiment, should be understood that it only occurs by way of example and can make various changes to form and details.For instance, can use arbitrary combination of the assembly in the Distallation systm of being showed in graphic to form difference and/or Distallation systm independently.In certain embodiments, for instance, the Distallation systm combination shown in some in the assembly of the Distallation systm shown in Fig. 2 can being planted and Figure 10 A and Figure 11.

Claims

1. equipment, it comprises:

Shell, it comprises condenser portion and boiling vessel part, and described shell is configured to receive the fluid of a volume that is liquid substantially in described boiling vessel part, and the fluid of described volume comprises impurity concentration;

Heat transfer element, it is coupled to described shell and defines at least a portion of described condenser portion and at least a portion of described boiling vessel part, described heat transfer element is configured to heat is delivered to described boiling vessel part from described condenser portion, so that from the fluid of described volume a part of boiling of fluid is become gas phase under the pressure that is lower than normal atmospheric pressure in described boiling vessel part, the described part of fluid comprises the low impurity concentration of described impurity concentration than the fluid of described volume; And

Compression assembly, it is coupled to the described boiling vessel part of described shell and is configured to the described part of fluid is partly moved on to described condenser portion from described boiling vessel, and described compression assembly is configured to increase the pressure of the described part of fluid when the described part of mobile fluid.

2. equipment according to claim 1, the fluid of wherein said volume are the fluid of first volume,

Described equipment further comprises:

Heat exchanger, it is configured to after the described part of fluid becomes liquid phase at least in part and after described boiler office is received heat is delivered to the fluid of described second volume from the described part of fluid at the fluid of second volume, and the fluid of described second volume comprises through dissolved impurity.

3. equipment according to claim 1, wherein said compression assembly is configured to the described part of mobile fluid, so that transmit latent heat from the described part of fluid via described heat transfer element in the described part of fluid when the bottom surface of described heat transfer element becomes described liquid phase.

4. equipment according to claim 1, wherein the described part of fluid is the first of fluid, and from the described heat that described condenser portion is delivered to described boiling vessel part is and the latent heat that is associated in the condensation of the bottom surface of described heat transfer element from the second portion of the fluid of the fluid of described volume that the described second portion of fluid comprises the low impurity concentration of described impurity concentration than the fluid of described volume.

5. equipment according to claim 1, at least one in wherein meeting the following conditions: the part of described heat transfer element has coniform shape, or the part of described shell is the material based on polymer.

6. equipment according to claim 1, the fluid of wherein said volume are to heat or add at least one that pine for by the stream from waste disposal via solar energy before in being received in described boiling vessel part.

7. equipment according to claim 1, wherein the described part of fluid is the first of fluid, the fluid of described volume is the fluid of first volume, the fluid of second volume that receives at described shell place is to be heated by the second portion from the fluid of the fluid of described first volume, and the described second portion of fluid has the high impurity concentration of described impurity concentration than the fluid of described first volume.

8. equipment according to claim 1, the fluid of wherein said volume are the water of a volume, and described impurity is salt, and the described part of fluid is boiling under being lower than based on the temperature of the precipitation temperature of the material of calcium.

9. equipment according to claim 1, it further comprises:

Allocation component, it is coupled to described shell and is configured to before the bottom surface condensation of described part at described heat transfer element of fluid the described part of fluid is assigned to the described basal surface of described heat transfer element.

10. equipment, it comprises:

Shell, it has at least one inlet and outlet, and described shell is configured to receive the fluid of a volume that is liquid substantially, and at least a portion of the fluid of described volume comprises through dissolved substances; And

Heat transfer element, it is coupled to the internal volume of described shell, and be configured to latent heat is delivered to the first of the fluid of the described volume on the top surface that is placed in described heat transfer element, so that the steam pressure of described first equals the pressure of described heat transfer element top substantially, described latent heat be the second portion at the fluid of described volume when contacting the basal surface of described heat transfer element and condensation from described second portion.

11. equipment according to claim 10, it further comprises:

Compression assembly, it is coupled to described shell and is configured to described second portion is moved on to from the zone of the described top surface top of described heat transfer element the zone of the described basal surface below of described heat transfer element, and the described zone of the described basal surface below of described heat transfer element comprises the high pressure of described pressure than described heat transfer element top.

12. equipment according to claim 10, it further comprises:

Vavuum pump, it is coupled to described shell and is configured to and before described shell place is received the described pressure above the described heat transfer element is reduced to the pressure that is lower than normal atmospheric pressure substantially at the water of described volume.

13. equipment according to claim 10, it further comprises:

Heating element heater, its fluid that is coupled to described shell and is configured to heat described volume up to described heat transfer element till transmitting described latent heat under the stable state; And

Ultrasonic transducer, the change mutually that it is coupled to described shell and is configured to promote in response to described latent heat described first.

14. equipment according to claim 10, at least a portion of wherein said heat transfer element are angled and settle with respect to horizontal plane.

15. an equipment, it comprises:

Shell, it comprises first section and second section, described shell is configured to receive at the described first section place mixture of first material and second material;

Heat transfer element, it is coupled to described shell and defines at least a portion of described first section and at least a portion of described second section; And

Compression assembly, it is coupled to described first section and is configured to that a part at described first material changes via first of the described part of described first material mutually at the described first section place and with described mixture after separating the described part of described first material is moved on to described second section from described first section, described first to change mutually be that heat institute by be delivered to described mixture via described heat transfer element is caused

Described compression assembly is configured to move the described part of described first material, so that the pressure of the described part of described first material and temperature increase, described heat transfer element is configured to after the described part with described first material moves on to described second section to transmit with second of the described part of described first material and changes the heat that is associated mutually, and described second to change mutually be described first mutually after the change.

16. equipment according to claim 15 wherein equals the amount that changes the described heat that is associated mutually with described second substantially with described first amount that changes the described heat be associated mutually.

17. equipment according to claim 15, the described part of wherein said first material is to separate with described mixture being lower than under the pressure of normal atmospheric pressure, and it is to occur in than under the low temperature of the precipitation temperature of included material based on calcium in the described mixture that described first of the described part of described first material changes mutually.

18. equipment according to claim 15, wherein said first section are that condenser and described second section are boiling vessel, described first material is that water and described second material are the compound in the water intermediate ionization.

19. equipment according to claim 15, at least a portion of wherein said heat transfer element are angled and settle with respect to horizontal plane.

20. equipment according to claim 15, wherein said mixture are placed on the top surface of described heat transfer element, the described top surface of described heat transfer element intersects at the depth zero point place of described mixture and the surface of described mixture.

21. a method, it comprises:

In the fluid of first volume zone above heat transfer element after the fluid boiling of second volume goes out, the fluid of described first volume is moved on to the zone of described heat transfer element below from the described zone of described heat transfer element top, the fluid of described first volume comprises the impurity concentration lower than the impurity concentration of the fluid of described second volume, and the described zone of described heat transfer element below has the high temperature of temperature than the described zone of described heat transfer element top; And

Latent heat is delivered to the fluid of the three volumes on the top surface of described heat transfer element from the fluid of described first volume, described latent heat discharges when the fluid condensation of described first volume.

22. method according to claim 21, it further comprises:

Compress the fluid of described first volume, so that the energy that is associated with the fluid of described first volume is increased the energy of specified amount, the energy of described specified amount equals the energy that is associated with described latent heat substantially.

23. method according to claim 21, it further comprises:

Compress the fluid of described first volume, so that the temperature of the fluid of described first volume or at least one increase in the pressure.

24. method according to claim 21, it further comprises:

Before the fluid of described first volume goes out from the fluid boiling of described second volume and with described transmission that described latent heat is associated before, the heat that will be associated with the fluid of described second volume is delivered to the fluid of described three volumes.

25. an equipment, it comprises:

Shell, it has at least one inlet and salt solution is collected part, and described shell is configured to receive via described inlet the salt-water of a volume;

Heat transfer element, it is coupled to the internal volume of described shell, described heat transfer element comprises the surface, the at least a portion on described surface is angled and settle with respect to horizontal plane, when the salt-water of described volume was placed on the described heat transfer element, the salt-water of described volume comprised the surface that is parallel to described horizontal plane, and described heat transfer element is configured to latent heat is delivered to described salt-water, so that the part of water goes out and the salinity of described salt-water increases from described salt-water boiling

Described salt solution collection unit branch is configured to receive described salt-water after the described salinity of described salt-water increases; And

Compression assembly, it is configured to compress from the described at least part of the water that described salt-the water boiling goes out and is configured to the described part of water is shifted to the basal surface of described heat transfer element.

26. an equipment, it comprises:

Shell, it has at least one inlet and outlet, and described shell is configured to receive the fluid of a volume; And

The conical heat transfer element of cardinal principle, it is coupled to the internal volume of described shell, and described conical heat transfer element comprises outer surface, inner surface and opening,

The conical heat transfer element of described cardinal principle is configured to make the part of fluid to go out from the fluid boiling of the described volume that is positioned at described outer surface top, and the described part of fluid moves through described opening and in the place's condensation of described inner surface.

27. equipment according to claim 26, the described outer surface of the conical heat transfer element of wherein said cardinal principle defines at least a portion of the boiling vessel part of described shell, and the described inner surface of described conical heat transfer element defines at least a portion of the condenser portion of described shell.

28. equipment according to claim 26, the conical heat transfer element of wherein said cardinal principle has pedestal, described opening is relative with described pedestal, described conical heat transfer element be configured to make when the described part of fluid when the fluid boiling of described volume goes out, the fluid of described volume described pedestal of direction on described outer surface is mobile.

29. equipment according to claim 26, wherein said fluid is the water that is liquid substantially, its at least a portion comprises through dissolved impurity, the described outer surface of the conical heat transfer element of described cardinal principle defines at least a portion of the boiling vessel part of described shell, the boiling under the pressure that is lower than normal atmospheric pressure in described boiling vessel part of the described part of fluid.

30. equipment according to claim 26, it further comprises:

Compression assembly, it is coupled in described shell or the conical heat transfer element of described cardinal principle at least one, and the described part of fluid is moved by described compression assembly.

31. equipment according to claim 26, wherein said conical heat transfer element has pedestal, and described opening is relative with described pedestal, and described equipment further comprises:

Compression assembly, it is coupled in described shell or the conical heat transfer element of described cardinal principle at least one, the described part of fluid is moved by described compression assembly and compresses, described compression assembly has the elongated member that is configured to around the axis rotation, and described axis extends to described opening from described pedestal.

32. equipment according to claim 26, wherein when the described part of fluid is moved, the energy of one amount is added to the described part of fluid, and when the described part of fluid during in the condensation of described inner surface place, the energy of described amount is passed to described outer surface from described inner surface.

33. equipment according to claim 26, wherein the described part of fluid is roughly first material, and the fluid of described volume is the mixture that comprises described first material and second material.

34. equipment according to claim 26, the fluid of wherein said volume are the water of a volume, it has the impurity concentration higher than the impurity concentration of the described part of fluid.

35. an equipment, it comprises:

Shell, it has at least one inlet and outlet, and described shell is configured to receive via described inlet the fluid of a volume, and it is liquid substantially that the fluid of described volume is, and at least a portion of the fluid of described volume comprises through dissolved impurity;

Heat transfer element, it is coupled to the internal volume of described shell, and described heat transfer element comprises the surface, and at least a portion on described surface is angled and settle with respect to horizontal plane, and the fluid of described volume comprises the surface that is parallel to described horizontal plane; And

Compression assembly, it is configured to compress at least a portion of the fluid that goes out from the fluid boiling of described volume.

36. equipment according to claim 35, intersect at the depth zero point place of the fluid of described volume and the fluid of described volume on the described surface of wherein said heat transfer element.

37. equipment according to claim 35, wherein said compression assembly is configured to the described part of fluid is moved on to the basal surface of described heat transfer element.

38. equipment according to claim 35, the fluid of wherein said volume are the fluid of first volume,

Described equipment further comprises:

Heat exchanger, its described part that is configured to fluid that heat is gone out from the fluid boiling from described first volume is delivered to the fluid that just moves into second volume the described shell, and the fluid of described second volume is liquid substantially and comprises through dissolved impurity.

39. equipment according to claim 35, wherein said compression assembly magnetically is coupled to motor.

40. equipment according to claim 35, wherein said compression assembly has the valve control system of coordination, and it is configured to move the also described part of compressed fluid.

41. equipment according to claim 35, wherein the described part of fluid is to be lower than under the pressure of normal atmospheric pressure and the latent heat of the described part by being delivered to fluid via described heat transfer element and going out from the fluid boiling of described volume fully substantially.

42. equipment according to claim 35, wherein said compression assembly have the dull pressure differential flow rate feature that changes.

43. an equipment, it comprises:

The distillation unit, it is configured at least a portion of first material is isolated from the mixture of described first material and second material; And

Compressor, it has the dull pressure differential flow rate feature that changes, and described compressor is configured to when described part is isolated described first material be moved apart described mixture from described mixture.

44. according to the described equipment of claim 43, wherein said first material is based on the change feature mutually of described first material and isolates from described mixture.

45. according to the described equipment of claim 43, wherein said mixture is liquid phase, when the latent heat of condensation was passed to described mixture, the described part of described first material went out from described mixture boiling.

46. an equipment, it comprises:

Shell, it has at least one inlet and outlet, and described inlet is configured to receive the fluid of a volume that is in a liquid state, and the fluid of described volume comprises impurity concentration;

Heat transfer element, it is coupled to the interior section of described shell and comprises top surface, at least a portion of described top surface is angled and settle with respect to horizontal plane, so that the fluid of described volume flows on the described part of described top surface after on being moved to described top surface, the surface of the fluid of described volume is in substantially parallel relationship to described top surface; And

Compression assembly, it is coupled to described shell and the part of the fluid that is configured to the fluid boiling from described volume is gone out moves on to the basal surface of described heat transfer element, so that heat is delivered to the fluid of described volume via described heat transfer element from the described part of fluid.

47. according to the described equipment of claim 46, the fluid of wherein said volume is to be moved on the described top surface in the very first time, described impurity concentration is first impurity concentration, when second time when the fluid boiling of described volume goes out the described part of fluid, the fluid of described volume comprises second impurity concentration higher than described first impurity concentration, described second time is after the described very first time

Described equipment further comprises:

Pump, it is coupled to described shell and the 3rd time after described second time of being configured to will comprise that at least a portion of fluid of the described volume of described second impurity concentration moves on on the described top surface.

48. according to the described equipment of claim 46, the steam pressure of the fluid of the described volume of the steam pressure of the fluid of the described volume of first end of wherein said heat transfer surface and second end of described heat transfer surface equals to be lower than the pressure of normal atmospheric pressure substantially, when the fluid boiling from described volume went out the described part of fluid, the described impurity concentration of the fluid of described volume increased.

49. according to the described equipment of claim 46, wherein said compression assembly is configured to change the pressure or in the temperature at least one of the described part of fluid after boiling goes out the described part of fluid, so that the described part of fluid is in the described bottom surface condensation of described heat transfer element

Described shell has fluid and collects part, and described fluid collection unit branch is configured to receive the described part of fluid after the described partial condensation of fluid,

Described shell has salt solution and collects part, and described salt solution collection unit branch is configured to receive the fluid of described volume after the fluid boiling from described volume goes out the described part of fluid.

50. according to the described equipment of claim 46, wherein said impurity is that the described part of salt and fluid is the first of fluid, and the described first of fluid is to use the latent heat boiling that discharges from the second portion of the fluid of changing into liquid phase in the described bottom surface of described heat transfer element from gas phase to go out substantially.

51. a method, it comprises:

Reception is from the signal that is placed in the sensor in the shell, described shell comprises boiling vessel part and condenser portion, and at least a portion of described boiling vessel part and at least a portion of described condenser portion are that the heat transfer element by the interior section that is coupled to described shell defines; And

Revise the angle of described heat transfer element in response to described signal, be modified so that change in the flow rate of fluid mutually at least one in heat transfer rate that is associated with described heat transfer element or the described shell with respect to horizontal plane.

52. according to the described method of claim 51, wherein said modification comprises makes amendment so that be changed from the speed that the mixture boiling goes out the part of described fluid in the described boiler office of described heat transfer element, and the described part of described fluid is partly moving on to described condenser portion from described boiling vessel after described mixture boiling goes out.

53. according to the described method of claim 51, wherein said modification comprises revises described angle, so that be changed in the speed of described boiler office boiling and in the speed of described condenser section condensation.

54. according to the described method of claim 51, wherein said heat transfer rate be associated from the latent heat that described condenser portion is delivered to described boiling vessel part via described heat transfer element, described latent heat is from the bottom surface of the described heat transfer element release of fluid from vapor condensation, and described method further comprises:

Described fluid is partly moved on to described condenser portion from described boiling vessel, so that at least one increase in the temperature of described fluid or the pressure, described moving is included in described latent heat and moves before going out from described release of fluid.

55. according to the described method of claim 51, wherein said heat transfer rate be associated from the latent heat that described condenser portion is delivered to described boiling vessel part via described heat transfer element, described latent heat comes the fluid of the bottom surface condensation of comfortable described heat transfer element, and the described basal surface of described heat transfer element defines the described part of described condenser portion.

56. according to the described method of claim 51, wherein said heat transfer rate be associated from the latent heat that described condenser portion is delivered to described boiling vessel part via described heat transfer element, described latent heat comes the fluid of the bottom surface of comfortable described heat transfer element from vapor condensation, and described fluid is being changed into described gas phase from liquid phase before the described condensation above the top surface of described heat transfer element.

57. according to the described method of claim 51, wherein said heat transfer rate be associated from the latent heat that described condenser portion is delivered to described boiling vessel part via described heat transfer element, the part of first material of the bottom surface condensation of the next comfortable described heat transfer element of described latent heat, when the mixture of described first material and second material is positioned at the top surface top of described heat transfer element, the described part of described first material goes out from described mixture boiling, when described first material when described mixture boiling goes out, the concentration of described second material increases.

58. an equipment, it comprises:

Shell, it comprises first and second portion, described shell is configured to receive first material that is substantially liquid and the mixture of second material;

Heat transfer element, it is coupled to described shell and is configured to transmit the heat that is associated with the change mutually of first at the described second portion place of described shell of described mixture, so that the described first place at described shell of the second portion of described mixture changes, described heat is to transmit with a speed, and the described first of described mixture is different with the described second portion of described mixture;

Sensory package, it is coupled to described shell and is configured to produce the signal that is associated with the third part of described mixture; And

Actuator, it is coupled to described shell and is configured to revises described speed in response to described signal.

59. according to the described equipment of claim 58, wherein said sensory package comprises at least one in pressure sensor, flow sensor or the temperature sensor, described actuator is configured to change the slope of described heat transfer element, when the described slope of described heat transfer element changed, described speed was modified.

60. according to the described equipment of claim 58, wherein said sensory package comprises at least one in pressure sensor, flow sensor or the temperature sensor, described actuator is configured to change the tetrameric flow rate of the described mixture in the described shell, when described flow rate changed, described speed was modified.

61. according to the described equipment of claim 58, wherein said first material is that water and described second material are salt, the described first of described mixture described changes mutually and is associated in the boiling that is lower than under the pressure of normal atmospheric pressure, and the described of the described second portion of described mixture changed into liquid phase from gas phase.

62. according to the described equipment of claim 58, wherein said first material is that water and described second material are salt, the described second portion of described mixture comprises the salinity lower than the salinity of described mixture.

63. according to the described equipment of claim 58, wherein said third part is different from described first and described second portion.

64. according to the described equipment of claim 58, it further comprises:

Compression assembly, it is coupled to described shell, described compression assembly is configured to the described first of described mixture is moved on to the described second portion of described shell from the described first of described shell, so that the pressure of the described first of described mixture or at least one increase in the temperature.

65., wherein change the described described change under the cardinal principle constant compression force that the described heat that is associated is enough to cause the described second portion of described mixture mutually with the described first of described mixture described according to the described equipment of claim 58.

66. a method, it comprises:

Reception is from the signal that is placed in the sensor in the shell, described shell comprises boiling vessel part and condenser portion, and at least a portion of described boiling vessel part and at least a portion of described condenser portion are that the heat transfer element by the interior section that is coupled to described shell defines;

Described boiler office at described shell receives fluid;

Described fluid is partly moved on to described condenser portion from described boiling vessel, so that be delivered to described boiling vessel part in described condenser section release and via described heat transfer element from the energy of described fluid; And

Revise the flow rate of described fluid in response to described signal, so that the speed that changes mutually at described shell place is changed.

67. according to the described method of claim 66, wherein said change mutually is first change mutually from the liquid phase to the gas phase in described boiler office, and described modification comprises makes amendment so that second speed that changes mutually from described gas phase to described liquid phase of described condenser section is changed.

68. according to the described method of claim 66, wherein said modification comprises makes amendment so that be changed via the speed of the heat transmission of described heat transfer element.

69. according to the described method of claim 66, wherein said energy is a potential, move so that at least one increase in the temperature of described fluid or the pressure described mobile comprising.

70. according to the described method of claim 66, it further comprises:

Revise the angle of described heat transfer element in response to described signal with respect to horizontal plane.

71. according to the described method of claim 66, it further comprises:

Revise the angle of described heat transfer element with respect to horizontal plane in response to described signal, the described modification of described angle and the described modification of described flow rate are coordinated.