CN101572015A - Evaluation and test method for short term collision alert in air traffic control automation system - Google Patents
Evaluation and test method for short term collision alert in air traffic control automation system Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to an evaluation and test method for the short term collision alert in an air traffic control automation system. The method comprises the following steps: defining the function evaluation indexes of the short term collision alert such as an alert delay time, a missed alert rate, a false alert rate and an improper alert rate; seeing the calculation formula of the improper alert rate on the upper right, wherein Inapp is set as the number of alerts which are reported by a short term collision alert functional function in the automation system and are determined redundant or improper by a controller within unit time, and Alert is set as the number of alerts which are reported by the short term collision alert functional function in the automation system and are determined correct by the controller within unit time; and in the test and evaluation period, selecting 24 hours or other proper intervals as the unit time. The method adds the evaluation index of 'improper alert rate' based on the prior evaluation method, thereby avoiding the situation that the prior index test system reports a large number of non-true alerts in the practical work and consequently influences the work of the controller.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates generally to the air traffic control (ATC) automated system, relate in particular to the short term collision alert in air traffic control automation system function is carried out system testing when assessment, related evaluation index and relevant measuring technology method estimation technical scheme.
Background technology
In system of modern air traffic control center, short term collision alert is the very important function [1 of of air traffic control automation system, 2], the target of this function is to help the controller to keep flight interval between institute's control aircraft, keep normal flight order, when flight path between the horizontal interval and perpendicular separation simultaneously less than or the alarm time set in will be simultaneously during less than the parameter value that is provided with, system produces an alarm or early warning, the prompting controller, be convenient to carry out the real-time allotment of flight interval, therefore the stability of this function and reliability just seem very crucial, and it safeguards that to guaranteeing air traffic flight order flight safety has important effect.
Therefore, each control automated system is before dropping into formal control use, all will be to its major function through strict test, concerning the short term collision alert function, the industry standard MH/T4022-2006[1 of civil aviaton by civil aviation authority's proposition] in, the test evaluation index of employing comprises: response time, false-alarm probability, false dismissal probability etc.External associated mechanisms, comprise FAA, EUROCONTROL etc. have formulated similar test evaluation index equally, yet investigation from present China the army and the people aviation management system center using system, these indexs can not reflect the concrete condition of short term collision alert function fully, mainly show short term collision alert system by authentication test, more alarm appears in actual applications, these alarms can be regarded as the alarm of correct detection from the technological development angle, then regard as false alarms (its underlying causes is because the abnormal conditions that ATC system information source or Processing Algorithm aspect exist) from controller's angle, increased controller's work load, influence controller's notice, have certain potential safety hazard.
Patent of the present invention is at the actual conditions in Control Centre's use, the estimation technical scheme of short term collision alert has been proposed, provide the effective appraisal procedure of a cover from functional assessment and Performance Evaluation two aspects, can effectively avoid occurring in actual applications influencing controller's alarm appearance, when reducing controller's workload, for standard ATC system manufacturer exploitation short term collision alert function has provided the effective technical scheme of a cover, thereby reach science, estimate purpose efficiently, accurately.
List of references:
[1] People's Republic of China's civil aviation industry standard MH/T 4022-2006, " alarm of Air Traffic Control Automation System minimum safe altitude and short-term flight collision alarm function ", China Science Tech Publishing House, Beijing, 2007.3
[2] national blank pipe is entrusted, and " flight interval regulation ", Air Traffic Control Board of the Military Commission of the CPC Central Committee of State Council publishes and distributes, Beijing, 2007.10
Summary of the invention
The assessment method of testing that the purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of short term collision alert in air traffic control automation system, be intended to avoid controller (system user of service) and manufacturer of ATC system exploit person and combine the short term collision alert functional evaluation method that the control employee does the rule identification in the difference that exists aspect short term collision alert function and the false-alarm identification, raising is at system of air traffic control center short term collision alert function, the accuracy of raising system adaptive faculty and evaluation, scientific, carry out the accuracy and the science of test evaluation, avoid having occurred passing through the system of Control Centre of the measurement authentication that evaluation method commonly used measures, the situation that incompatibility controller's real work needs.
The object of the present invention is achieved like this: a kind of assessment method of testing of short term collision alert in air traffic control automation system comprises the steps:
Definition short term collision alert function assessment index:
1, alarm delay time;
2, false dismissed rate;
3, false alarm rate;
4, improper alarm rate: in the unit interval, according to the flight posture and the alarm detection rule of target, the short term collision alert function is the alarm of report accurately, but is unnecessary or inappropriate alarm number of times to the controller, with the ratio of the alarm total degree of its report;
Comprehensive evaluation:
Short term collision alert function when system of Control Centre to be measured, above-mentioned all indexs all when the scope of determination, are regarded as this system and can be tried out, otherwise will have a strong impact on controller's operate as normal;
At first in the ATC system, whether test can be provided with a plurality of different collision alert zone, inhibition zones, whether area type supports circle, polygon, and whether alarm parameter comprises low clearance, heights of roofs, the pre-warning time of regional extent, and whether alarm inhibition zone parameter comprises activation parameter;
Appraisal procedure comprises 2 kinds: analogy method and real scene method:
The testing evaluation of analogy method comprises: the first step: according to actual control needs, alarm zone and corresponding alarm parameter are set, as in the three dimensional warning spatial domain of setting, aircraft between security level be spaced apart 10km, safe perpendicular separation is 270m, and pre-warning time is 30 seconds; Second step: simulation sends two airplanes along identical course line, fly in opposite directions at identical height; The 3rd step: observe and be recorded in two plane distances and the short-term collision early warning whether occurred in preceding 30 seconds, early warning occurs then by simulation test, otherwise do not pass through simulation test near 10km; The 4th step: change the height of an airplane, make the difference in height of two aircrafts greater than 300 meters, also record result is observed in test again, does not have the conflict early warning this moment then by test, otherwise can not be by test;
The real scene testing evaluation comprises: the first step: the parameter of revising alarm zone under the truth, as with aircraft between security level at interval expand as 100km by 10km, safe altitude is expanded as 600 meters by 270m at interval, and pre-warning time was expanded as 120 seconds by 30 seconds; Second step: insert real flight radar track data, according to the radar track data, the prediction flight path to the horizontal range in following 120 seconds whether less than 100km, difference in height is less than 600 meters, when horizontal range and difference in height satisfy simultaneously, check whether ATC to be measured system reports the short-term collision early warning under the true environment, during the report early warning then by test, otherwise by test; The 3rd step, will alarm the situation that region parameter is modified to normal use, test checks the short-term collision early warning whether occurs again;
In the functional assessment specific implementation process, formulate the assessment test case according to the basic function main points; To each function point, in the assessment test case, provide environment configurations, operation steps, expected results and legitimate reading, check by expected results and legitimate reading, when both are consistent, have corresponding function, there is defective otherwise be considered as corresponding function.
Technical scheme of the present invention is when considering evaluation index commonly used, take into full account controller's working rules and experience identification, specify corresponding collision alert classifying rules, and whether can satisfy controller's real work needs according to the short term collision alert function that the ratio of all kinds of alarms is estimated the system of Control Centre.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows:
The present invention proposes the function and the Performance Evaluation technical scheme of short term collision alert, the appraisal procedure and the content of 5 basic function points aspect functional assessment, have been provided, aspect Performance Evaluation, on the basis of original evaluation index of short term collision alert function and evaluation method, increased a kind of evaluation index newly, this index has taken into full account controller's working rules, avoided system of Control Centre by original index test, the a large amount of non-true alarms of report in real work, thus the situation that the controller works influenced.Can be used as the necessary index and the method for the functional test of short term collision alert in air traffic control automation system performance, have bigger application prospect and practical value.
Embodiment
In the functional assessment specific implementation process, formulate the assessment test case according to the basic function main points.To each function point, in the assessment test case, provide environment configurations, operation steps, expected results and legitimate reading, check by expected results and legitimate reading, when both are consistent,, there is defective otherwise be considered as corresponding function for having corresponding function.
In the Performance Evaluation specific implementation process, first three alarm index is calculated easily, to the improper alarm rate that this programme proposes, the problem that needs definition at first to run into is calculated in the improper alarm rate and is defined: the identification problem of Inapp and two parameters of Alert in the unit interval.We provide following identification rule in conjunction with the working condition of using actual and controller:
The identification of Inapp comprises following rule:
(1) high-altitude flight zone, in the co-altitude layer, the conflict flight path of short-term collision detection function report is right, when horizontal range surpasses 20km, is considered to improper alarm;
(2) territory, airfield approach area, the conflict flight path of short-term collision detection function report is right, and horizontal range surpasses 10km, when vertical range surpasses 200m, is considered to improper alarm;
(3) controller is at commander's aircraft when passing through certain height layer, and is in this height layer between the flat aircraft that flies, and in the personal distance scope that control allows, the collision alert of short-term collision detection function report is considered to improper alarm;
(4) the true aircraft of short-term collision detection function report and the collision alert between the radar advisory false target are considered to improper alarm.
The technical scheme of the short term collision alert assessment that the present invention proposes, comprise functional assessment and Performance Evaluation two aspects, to any ATC system, only under the situation of having passed through short term collision alert functional assessment and Performance Evaluation, could submit to final user (controller) to carry out the control commander and use.
The perfect ATC system of one cover, the short term collision alert function that it comprised, must be able to satisfy the needs of current radar control, for the controller realizes providing necessary security to point out at interval to the real-time monitoring of aircraft, the present invention is described below main short-term collision function main points and evaluation scheme:
(1) one of function main points: a plurality of different short term collision alert districts, the function of short term collision alert inhibition zone are set.The purpose of this function point is the adaptive faculty that realizes the different application environment, comprises the setting of regional extent and the setting of alarm parameter.
Appraisal procedure is based on test, promptly in the ATC system, whether test can be provided with a plurality of different collision alert zone, inhibition zones, whether area type supports circle, polygon etc., whether alarm parameter comprises call parameters such as the low clearance, heights of roofs, pre-warning time of regional extent, and alarm inhibition zone parameter also comprises parameters such as whether comprising activation.
(2) two of the function main points: the short-term collision early warning detects.The purpose of this function point be realize in the adaptability pre-warning time with the breach of security right detection of aircraft at interval, to detected early warning report controller, to cause the situation of its attention.
Appraisal procedure comprises 2 kinds: analogy method and real scene method.
The testing evaluation of analogy method comprises: the first step: according to actual control needs, alarm zone and corresponding alarm parameter are set, as in the three dimensional warning spatial domain of setting, aircraft between security level be spaced apart 10km, safe perpendicular separation is 270m, and pre-warning time is 30 seconds; Second step: simulation sends two airplanes along identical course line, fly in opposite directions at identical height; The 3rd step: observe and be recorded in two plane distances and the short-term collision early warning whether occurred in preceding 30 seconds, early warning occurs then by simulation test, otherwise do not pass through simulation test near 10km; The 4th step: change the height of an airplane, make the difference in height of two aircrafts greater than 300 meters, also record result is observed in test again, does not have the conflict early warning this moment then by test, otherwise can not be by test.
Owing to consider safety factor, in real scene, can not be dangerous approaching with the test of two airplanes, the real scene test that the present invention proposes under the situation of considering aircraft safety, realizes by revising the short-term collision early-warning parameters, the first step: the parameter of revising alarm zone under the truth, as with aircraft between security level at interval expand as 100km by 10km, safe altitude is expanded as 600 meters by 270m at interval, pre-warning time was expanded as 120 seconds by 30 seconds; Second step: insert real flight radar track data, according to the radar track data, the prediction flight path to the horizontal range in following 120 seconds whether less than 100km, difference in height is less than 600 meters, when horizontal range and difference in height satisfy simultaneously, check whether ATC to be measured system reports the short-term collision early warning under the true environment, during the report early warning then by test, otherwise by test; The 3rd step, will alarm the situation that region parameter is modified to normal use, test checks the short-term collision early warning whether occurs again.
(3) three of the function main points: short term collision alert detects.The purpose of this function point is to realize the whether breach of security right detection of aircraft at interval between the current flight path position, and with detected switch fault report controller, handles so that carry out control.
Appraisal procedure is identical with early-warning detection method, comprises analogy method and real scene method.
(4) four of the function main points: short-term collision early warning, alarm suppress (containing code inhibition, formation flight set inhibition etc.).The fundamental purpose of this function is for the controller provides convenience, and confirms not belong to early warning alarm between the training aircraft of its control scope or army's formation flight at it, in enterprising pedestrian worker in control seat or the function that suppresses automatically.
Appraisal procedure comprises 2 kinds, analogy method and real scene method, two kinds of methods only relate to the difference of input information, evaluation operation method on the control seat is identical, promptly to the single target of short-term collision early warning alarm occurring, by the controller seat early warning alarm is set manually and suppresses, or early warning alarm inhibition code is set, observe treatment effect by Adaptive Data; To the training aircraft of army's formation flight, by the controller seat early warning alarm set is set manually, or, realizes purpose artificial or that suppress automatically by the inhibition code collection is set.
(5) five of the function main points: short term collision alert record and playback.This function mainly realizes the record of early warning alarm and the early warning alarm playback of flight path real-time status constantly occurs, is convenient to ex-post analysis.
Assessment to the alarm record, mainly comprise the integrality and the accuracy of checking record data, be that information such as the right position of the aircraft of conflict early warning alarm, code, motion state, the moment appear in manual record, and check with the result of manual record and the early warning warning information of system log (SYSLOG).
To the assessment of alarm record reproducing function, mainly finish the incident reproduction of situation at that time, whether scene after check system is reset and incident scene at that time there are differences.
The short term collision alert Performance Evaluation:
Performance Evaluation comprises the definition and the appraisal procedure of performance index.When summing up conventional evaluation index, take into full account controller's working rules and experience situation in the patent of the present invention, alarm is classified, and assess, proposed the evaluation index of improper alarm rate with classification results.Therefore in technical scheme of the present invention, Performance Evaluation comprises:
The first step: the definition of performance index
(1) alarm delay time: the mistiming that system produces alarm and radar track satisfies alarm conditions.
This index is used for reflecting the response speed of short term collision alert function, when alarm delay time was big, leaving the time that the controller allocates for reduced accordingly, and intractability increases, therefore require alarm delay time the smaller the better, generally require less than a system handles cycle.
(2) false dismissed rate: in the unit interval, flight path satisfies alarm conditions and system fails to produce the number of times and the actual ratio that satisfies the total degree of alarm conditions of flight path of alarm.
This parameter is used for illustrative system and whether has the probability of failing to report, and under the normal situation of intelligence channel, the rate of failing to report of present mode should be 0, or much smaller than 10
-4
(3) false alarm rate: in the unit interval, flight path does not satisfy alarm conditions and number of times that system produces alarm and system produce the ratio of the total degree of alarm.
This parameter is used for the situation of illustrative system report false alarms, and under intelligence channel and disposal system were reported accurately situation, the false alarm rate of present mode should be for 0 or much smaller than 10
-3
(4) improper alarm rate: in the unit interval, according to the flight posture and the alarm detection rule of target, the short term collision alert function is the alarm of report accurately, but is unnecessary or inappropriate alarm number of times to the controller, with the ratio of the alarm total degree of its report.
Under the situation that satisfies alarm evaluation criterion commonly used, should guarantee that the improper alarm rate of system is low as much as possible, just the influence to the controller can be reduced to minimum.
Second step: the calculating of improper alarm rate
According to the definition of improper alarm rate, the computing formula that can obtain improper alarm rate is:
Wherein Inapp is in the unit interval, automatization system short-term collision alarm function function is reported and is judged to be unnecessary or inappropriate alarm number of times by the controller, Alert is a same units in the time, and the report of automatization system short-term collision alarm function function is also approved correct alarm number of times by the controller.During testing evaluation, the unit interval can be chosen 24 hours or other reasonable time section.
The controller approves that the identification rule of correct alarm number of times Alert is:
(1) the collision alert flight path of short-term collision detection function report is right, and its horizontal interval and perpendicular separation are regarded as correct alarm during simultaneously less than the personal distance of regulation, and generally, the horizontal interval is 20km, and perpendicular separation is 300 meters; Under truth, in case this alarm occurs,, be very serious promptly as a major accident, relevant control unit and local level blank pipe office will report to blank pipe office of civil aviation authority, and the reason of alarm appears in investigation;
(2) in the adaptive forecasting time of controller approval, the conflict flight path of short-term collision detection function report is right, the alarm during simultaneously less than the personal distance of regulation of the horizontal interval of its predicted position and perpendicular separation, and correct alarm is regarded as in the early warning that promptly conflicts.Under true environment, the conflict early warning exists, and will effectively remind the controller reasonably to allocate, and avoids occurring collision alert.
The number of times of Inapp is relevant with multiple reason in unit interval, in utility system, and the improper alarm rate P of controller's acceptable
iShould be below 15%.
The 3rd step: comprehensive evaluation
Short term collision alert function when system of Control Centre to be measured, above-mentioned all indexs all when the scope of determination, are regarded as this system and can be tried out, otherwise will have a strong impact on controller's operate as normal.
Claims (3)
1, a kind of assessment method of testing of short term collision alert in air traffic control automation system is characterized in that: comprise the steps:
The first step: the conventional evaluation index of definition short term collision alert function:
1), alarm delay time: the mistiming that system produces alarm and radar track satisfies alarm conditions; Alarm delay time is the smaller the better, generally requires less than a system handles cycle;
2) false dismissed rate: in the unit interval, flight path satisfies alarm conditions and system fails to produce the number of times and the actual ratio that satisfies the total degree of alarm conditions of flight path of alarm;
This parameter is used for illustrative system and whether has the probability of failing to report, and under the normal situation of intelligence channel, the rate of failing to report of present mode should be 0, or much smaller than 10
-4
3) false alarm rate: in the unit interval, flight path does not satisfy alarm conditions and number of times that system produces alarm and system produce the ratio of the total degree of alarm;
This parameter is used for the situation of illustrative system report false alarms, and under intelligence channel and disposal system were reported accurately situation, the false alarm rate of present mode should be for 0 or much smaller than 10
-3
Second step: define new short term collision alert function assessment index
Improper alarm rate: in the unit interval, according to the flight posture and the alarm detection rule of target, the short term collision alert function is the alarm of report accurately, but is unnecessary or inappropriate alarm number of times to the controller, with the ratio of the alarm total degree of its report;
The 3rd step: the calculating of improper alarm rate
According to the definition of improper alarm rate, the computing formula that can obtain improper alarm rate is:
Wherein Inapp is in the unit interval, automatization system short-term collision alarm function function is reported and is judged to be unnecessary or inappropriate alarm number of times by the controller, Alert is a same units in the time, and the report of automatization system short-term collision alarm function function is also approved correct alarm number of times by the controller; During testing evaluation, the unit interval can be chosen 24 hours or other reasonable time section;
The 4th step: comprehensive evaluation
Short term collision alert function when system of Control Centre to be measured, above-mentioned all indexs all when the scope of determination, are regarded as this system and can be tried out, otherwise will have a strong impact on controller's operate as normal;
At first in the ATC system, whether test can be provided with a plurality of different collision alert zone, inhibition zones, whether area type supports circle, polygon, and whether alarm parameter comprises low clearance, heights of roofs, the pre-warning time of regional extent, and whether alarm inhibition zone parameter comprises activation parameter;
Appraisal procedure comprises 2 kinds: analogy method and real scene method:
The testing evaluation of analogy method comprises: the first step: according to actual control needs, alarm zone and corresponding alarm parameter are set, as in the three dimensional warning spatial domain of setting, aircraft between security level be spaced apart 10km, safe perpendicular separation is 270m, and pre-warning time is 30 seconds; Second step: simulation sends two airplanes along identical course line, fly in opposite directions at identical height; The 3rd step: observe and be recorded in two plane distances and the short-term collision early warning whether occurred in preceding 30 seconds, early warning occurs then by simulation test, otherwise do not pass through simulation test near 10km; The 4th step: change the height of an airplane, make the difference in height of two aircrafts greater than 300 meters, also record result is observed in test again, does not have the conflict early warning this moment then by test, otherwise can not be by test;
The real scene testing evaluation comprises: the first step: the parameter of revising alarm zone under the truth, as with aircraft between security level at interval expand as 100km by 10km, safe altitude is expanded as 600 meters by 270m at interval, and pre-warning time was expanded as 120 seconds by 30 seconds; Second step: insert real flight radar track data, according to the radar track data, the prediction flight path to the horizontal range in following 120 seconds whether less than 100km, difference in height is less than 600 meters, when horizontal range and difference in height satisfy simultaneously, check whether ATC to be measured system reports the short-term collision early warning under the true environment, during the report early warning then by test, otherwise by test; The 3rd step, will alarm the situation that region parameter is modified to normal use, test checks the short-term collision early warning whether occurs again;
In the functional assessment specific implementation process, formulate the assessment test case according to the basic function main points; To each function point, in the assessment test case, provide environment configurations, operation steps, expected results and legitimate reading, check by expected results and legitimate reading, when both are consistent, have corresponding function, there is defective otherwise be considered as corresponding function.
2, according to the assessment method of testing of the described short term collision alert in air traffic control automation system of claim 1, it is characterized in that: the identification of described Inapp comprises following rule:
(1) high-altitude flight zone, in the co-altitude layer, the conflict flight path of short-term collision detection function report is right, when horizontal range surpasses 20km, is considered to improper alarm;
(2) territory, airfield approach area, the conflict flight path of short-term collision detection function report is right, and horizontal range surpasses 10km, when vertical range surpasses 200m, is considered to improper alarm;
(3) controller is at commander's aircraft when passing through certain height layer, and is in this height layer between the flat aircraft that flies, and in the personal distance scope that control allows, the collision alert of short-term collision detection function report is considered to improper alarm;
(4) the true aircraft of short-term collision detection function report and the collision alert between the radar advisory false target are considered to improper alarm;
The controller approves that the identification rule of correct alarm number of times Alert is:
(1) the collision alert flight path of short-term collision detection function report is right, and its horizontal interval and perpendicular separation are regarded as correct alarm during simultaneously less than the personal distance of regulation, and generally, the horizontal interval is 20km, and perpendicular separation is 300 meters; Under truth, in case this alarm occurs,, be very serious promptly as a major accident, relevant control unit and local level blank pipe office will report to blank pipe office of civil aviation authority, and the reason of alarm appears in investigation;
(2) in the adaptive forecasting time of controller approval, the conflict flight path of short-term collision detection function report is right, the alarm during simultaneously less than the personal distance of regulation of the horizontal interval of its predicted position and perpendicular separation, and correct alarm is regarded as in the early warning that promptly conflicts.Under true environment, the conflict early warning exists, and will effectively remind the controller reasonably to allocate, and avoids occurring collision alert.
3, according to the assessment method of testing of the described short term collision alert in air traffic control automation system of claim 2, it is characterized in that: the improper alarm rate Pi of described controller's acceptable should be below 15%.
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