CN101571513A - Ultrasonic guided wave detection device for quality evaluation of composite laminated plate - Google Patents
Ultrasonic guided wave detection device for quality evaluation of composite laminated plate Download PDFInfo
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- CN101571513A CN101571513A CNA2009101483291A CN200910148329A CN101571513A CN 101571513 A CN101571513 A CN 101571513A CN A2009101483291 A CNA2009101483291 A CN A2009101483291A CN 200910148329 A CN200910148329 A CN 200910148329A CN 101571513 A CN101571513 A CN 101571513A
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Abstract
The invention provides an ultrasonic guided wave detection device for quality evaluation of a composite laminated plate. In the device, ultrasonic guided wave is taken as a detection means for accurately and conveniently evaluating quality of the composite laminated plate. The detection means is achieved by the following steps: (a) performing time-frequency analysis on guided wave signals of the composite laminated plate, comparing a time-frequency distribution diagram of the signals with a theoretical time-frequency distribution curve of the guided wave, and providing a mode separation method; (b) obtaining accurate time delay information in a time-frequency domain based on good characteristics of a Gabor wavelet, combining optimal sensor placement and multi-path positioning, broadening the range of defect positioning, introducing cluster analysis and then improving accuracy and reliability of two-dimensional positioning; and (c) improving rationality and accuracy for extracting signal characteristics, and effectively separating various mode components from ultrasonic guided wave signals by adopting an improved HTT method, and taking instantaneous components as a characteristic parameter according to linear regression analysis; and (d) constructing a detection device of the ultrasonic guided wave signals, improving detection steps, designing software architecture and programming for processing the guided wave signals based on the time-frequency analysis.
Description
Technical field
The ultrasonic guided wave detection device that is used for quality evaluation of composite laminated plate according to the characteristics of composite laminated plate, determines whether to exist the position and the size of defective, defective.
Background technology
In the prior art, for the grade estimation of composite laminated plate, what extensively adopt is the acoustic emission detection method.Acoustic emission (AE) is meant that the material part sends the phenomenon of sound wave because of the snap-out release of energy, because acoustic emission signal is from defective, the acoustic emission signal of different defectives is also variant, gather acoustic signals by receiving sensor, pass through signal Processing, according to the characteristic of signal, determine the position of acoustic emission source.The advantage of acoustic emission testing technology is to realize dynamic, real-time detection, but decays in travel path when serious when sound wave, and accuracy of detection is difficult to guarantee, simultaneously owing to belong to passive detection method, so there is limitation in its operability.
Document " Review of NDE of Composite Materials in Aerospace Fields " (Xu Li etc., the material Leader, 19 (8), 79-82,2005) compared the assessment method of several compound substance quality commonly used, the subject matter that acoustic emission need solve comprises two aspects: be the instrument development aspect on the one hand, should further improve and improve the function and the reliability of existing type, exploitation is applicable to analysis of various engineering detecting signal data and processing software package; Should further carry out the Acoustic emission signal processing analytical technology on the other hand, particularly the research of network mode identification improves online detection application level.
Summary of the invention
Technical matters at existing grade estimation method existence, the invention provides a kind of ultrasonic guided wave detection device that is used for quality evaluation of composite laminated plate, this device adopts the means of supersonic guide-wave for detecting, and in the mode of Non-Destructive Testing, accurately and easily evaluates the composite laminated plate quality.This method may further comprise the steps: a, employing time frequency analysis method, the guided wave signals in the composite laminated plate is handled.In time frequency space, the time frequency distribution map of contrast measured signal and the theoretical time-frequency distributions curve of guided wave propose the modal separation method; B, proposed defective in the composite laminated plate is carried out the method for two-dimensional localization, the superperformance that utilizes the Gabor small echo to have, guided wave signals is analyzed at time-frequency domain, get the precise time deferred message, combined sensor preferred arrangement and multichannel location, enlarge the scope of defect location, introduced cluster analysis, improved accuracy and reliability; C, employing improved Hilbert-Huang conversion (HHT) method, improved rationality and the accuracy of HHT in signal characteristic extracts, can effectively separate each mode (IMF) component in the ultrasonic guided wave signals, according to linear regression analysis, as characteristic parameter, the unsticking defective that can be accurately diameter be not less than 5mm quantizes with instantaneous flow; D, make up the experimental system of non-stationary guided wave signals, perfect experimental provision and experimental procedure have designed software architecture, have write the guided wave signals handling procedure based on time frequency analysis, and operation interface easily is provided.
Compared with prior art, effect of the present invention is: (1) adopts guided wave detecting method, realizes the harmless grade estimation of composite laminated plate, avoids composite plate is damaged; (2) comprehensively adopt different time-frequency disposal routes, analyze the guided wave detection signal, make full use of the strong point of each method, can make accurately existence, position and the size of defective and judging; (3) mechanism of propagating based on guided wave in the composite laminated plate is studied the excitation of guided wave, selection and layout, parameter setting, hardware support kit and the software systems of sensor, at the composite laminated plate mechanical development relevant detection device.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram that the compressional wave oblique incidence produces guided wave.
Fig. 2 is the time-domain and frequency-domain oscillogram of pumping signal.
Fig. 3 is the experimental provision synoptic diagram of one one debit's formula of angle probe.
Fig. 4 is that the hardware of pick-up unit is formed synoptic diagram.
Embodiment
Below, in conjunction with the accompanying drawings the specific embodiment of the present invention is described.
The method of excitation guided wave has a variety of, and wherein adopting longitudinal wave oblique probe is a kind of accurate effective method, and has seen clearly the generation of guided wave from physics.Fig. 1 has described the situation that produces guided wave with the longitudinal wave probe on the organic glass voussoir.Compressional wave is with certain incident angle and speed incident, and according to the Snell theorem, ripple is in conversion, reflection and refraction that wave mode will take place at the interface.Apart from probe a distance, each ripple will be no longer clear and legible, and be rendered as the ripple bag of stack.To certain situation about determining, promptly given incident angle, thickness d and material behavior, then guided wave will be propagated in plate.
The multiple combination of thickness d, incident angle and material behavior can both be satisfied the condition that guided wave produces, so can obtain many mode.For the longitudinal wave probe of using on the organic glass voussoir, guided wave phase velocity c
pWith the pass of incident angle be:
θ is an incident compressional angle in the formula, promptly excites the angle; c
VoussoirVelocity of longitudinal wave for the voussoir material; c
pPhase velocity for the guided wave modal that excites in the plate.Thereby, select suitable angle, just can produce the guided wave modal that needs.Generally, the material of entrant sound voussoir is an organic glass, its velocity of longitudinal wave c
lBe 2.7mm/ μ s.
Because the phase velocity of each mode of guided wave is a frequency dispersion, it all is different therefore exciting the incident angle of different modalities guided wave at the different frequency point, and on the whole, the velocity of sound of voussoir material can influence the size of incident angle.Phase velocity dispersion curve and voussoir longitudinal wave velocity according to guided wave can calculate incident angle.
When research guided wave propagation characteristic, choosing of pumping signal is a very important problem.In practicality, comparatively effective, ripe is with the pumping signal of narrow band signal as guided wave.The composition of arrowband pumping signal is fairly simple, it is little to be convenient to distinguish, to disturb, mode that can easier control excitation guided wave, and this is its major advantage.This device launches research at the propagation characteristic of guided wave in composite laminated plate, and the work of choosing of pumping signal mainly can be divided into two aspects: the firstth, and the shape of selection signal, the secondth, determine the centre frequency that encourages.In actual applications, choose arrowband pumping signal and centre frequency thereof with factors such as the material parameter of plate structure, thickness as foundation.Under existence conditions, for satisfying the needs of evaluation, choose 20 crests, centre frequency is the pumping signal of 1MHz, its time domain and frequency-domain waveform are as shown in Figure 2, the frequency content that can see pumping signal from frequency-domain analysis concentrates near the 1MHz centre frequency, thereby can control the dispersion phenomenon of guided wave, so that analysis to received signal.
At present, the excitation of guided wave and receive mode are divided into compressional wave vertical incidence method, oblique feeding method.Compressional wave vertical incidence method is with the ultrasonic longitudinal wave vertical test specimen surface that is positioned over of popping one's head in, and goes out guided wave at the internal motivation of plate, simultaneously with fixing spacing at stimulus sensor arranged around receiving sensor, the signal that receives is multimodal guided wave; The compressional wave oblique feeding method is that the ultrasonic longitudinal wave probe is positioned over the test specimen surface by certain angle of inclination, and the compressional wave of emission enters in the plate with incident angle, thereby forms the guided wave propagation at the bearing of trend of plate.According to the Snell law, select different incident angles for use, just can in plate, motivate the guided wave of different modalities.
Also do not have at present a kind of standard or best practice that excites guided wave in structure, this device adopts random waveform that card and data acquisition card take place, and has developed ultrasonic action and receiving equipment voluntarily.The excitation of guided wave signals is adopted two sonde-type compressional wave angle beam methods with reception, finish the reception task of the launch mission and the signal of signal respectively with two probes, adopt the entrant sound wedge of certain angle, compressional wave is entered in the test specimen with certain incident angle, thereby in composite laminated plate, motivate guided wave, different guided wave modals can realize that the principle of device block diagram as shown in Figure 3 by selecting different probe incident angles.
The ultrasonic guided wave detection device of quality evaluation of composite laminated plate has two major parts of hardware and software and servicing unit thereof.It is platform that device of the present invention adopts with the computing machine, hardware aspect adopts the intelligent integrated circuit board of Highgrade integration to guarantee the precision of system, mainly comprise several sections such as excitation and receiving transducer, ultrasonic waveform generation card and data collecting card, computer system, transmission line, couplant, wherein hardware system is formed as shown in Figure 4.
The software aspect adopts Windows and visual programming technology, adopt Wigner-Ville time frequency analysis, wavelet transformation and HHT method, adopt object-oriented programming and C# language instrument, successfully developed software section at guided wave signals pick-up unit in the plate, disposal route with non-stationary signal is a core, realized the theory of modal separation, defective two-dimensional localization and quantifying defects, thereby for judging that fast and accurately the composite laminated plate fault of construction provides sufficient foundation.Realized the visualize of human-computer interaction interface and the simplification of operation, developed the ultrasonic experiment software system at plate structure, major function is the excitation of control guided wave, the reception and the demonstration of signal; Processing, analysis and storage to data.
Claims (5)
1. ultrasonic guided wave detection device that is used for quality evaluation of composite laminated plate may further comprise the steps:
A, employing time frequency analysis method are handled the guided wave signals in the composite laminated plate.In time frequency space, the time frequency distribution map of contrast measured signal and the theoretical time-frequency distributions curve of guided wave propose the modal separation method;
B, proposed defective in the composite laminated plate is carried out the method for two-dimensional localization, the superperformance that utilizes the Gabor small echo to have, guided wave signals is analyzed at time-frequency domain, get the precise time deferred message, in conjunction with four-sensor preferred arrangement and multichannel location, enlarge the scope of defect location, introduced cluster analysis, improved accuracy and reliability;
C, employing improved Hilbert-Huang conversion (HHT) method, improved rationality and the accuracy of HHT in signal characteristic extracts, can effectively separate each mode (IMF) component in the ultrasonic guided wave signals, according to linear regression analysis, as characteristic parameter, the unsticking defective that can be accurately diameter be not less than 5mm quantizes with instantaneous flow;
D, make up the experimental system of non-stationary guided wave signals, perfect experimental provision and experimental procedure have designed software architecture, have write the guided wave signals handling procedure based on time frequency analysis, and operation interface easily is provided.
2. guided wave modal separation method as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, Time-Frequency Analysis Method is applied to the separation of guided wave modal, adopt the method that suppresses cross term, the location of refinement signal component, improve the time-frequency aggregation of guided wave signals component,, judge the existence of defective according to the variation of guided wave modal.
3. the defect location that supersonic guide-wave is used for composite laminated plate as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, with the flawless guided wave signals of structure with defective appears and after guided wave signals compare, obtain the difference signal that causes by defective, the thinking that adopts guided wave and wavelet transformation to combine, utilize the good time-frequency characteristic of wavelet transformation, characteristic information extraction, accurately obtain the time of arrival of guided wave energy peak, calculate guided wave signals time delay in all cases and choose the arranged in squares of 4 sensors, according to the position of transducer arrangements and oval method calculating defective, optimal combination scheme, locate in conjunction with multichannel, reduce the blind area of oval localization method, thereby enlarged the scope of defect location, introduce cluster analysis, many groups guided wave signals is handled, improved the accuracy and the reliability of location.
4. the quantifying defects lossless detection method that supersonic guide-wave is used for composite laminated plate as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, adopt two sensors, by one one debit's formula, place on the composite laminated plate straight line along its length, distance between the two is 60mm, characteristics according to the guided wave detection, signal is carried out Fourier transform, analysis spectrum figure determines the concentrated area of signal frequency, is determined the number of wave filter by the quantity of signal frequency concentration zones, according to order from high to low, design bandpass filter group is carried out High frequency filter to guided wave signals, obtains the high-frequency signal composition, adopt EMD that this part signal is decomposed, with the first rank IMF component that obtains IMF as guided wave signals
1Component according to the bandpass filter that designs, according to the order from the high frequency to the low frequency, is got guided wave signals and is carried out bandpass filtering, then the signal that obtains is carried out EMD respectively and decomposes, and the first rank IMF component of each time gained is exactly the IMF of guided wave signals
2, IMF
3IMF
nComponent, by the contrast of linear regression analysis, choose the characteristic parameter of specific instantaneous flow, and adopt the slope K of regression straight line to weigh the susceptibility that characteristic parameter changes flaw size as quantifying defects, the absolute value of K is big more, and then this characteristic parameter is responsive more to the variation of flaw size.
5. the ultrasonic guided wave detection device of quality evaluation of composite laminated plate as claimed in claim 1, the present invention is according to the characteristic of composite laminated plate and guided wave propagation, made up guided wave detection device targetedly, choose suitable experiment equipment, be provided with the relevant detection condition, thereby made up complete guided wave detection device, defective has been carried out existence judgement, two-dimensional localization and size quantized, realized composite laminated plate is carried out grade estimation.
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| CN101968348A (en) * | 2010-09-07 | 2011-02-09 | 中国石油大学(北京) | Method for visually monitoring fracture crack |
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