CN101567549B - Direct-current safety gate - Google Patents
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- CN101567549B CN101567549B CN2009100584825A CN200910058482A CN101567549B CN 101567549 B CN101567549 B CN 101567549B CN 2009100584825 A CN2009100584825 A CN 2009100584825A CN 200910058482 A CN200910058482 A CN 200910058482A CN 101567549 B CN101567549 B CN 101567549B
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Abstract
The invention relates to a direct-current safety gate which belongs to the electronic devices of direct-current power supply type. The direct-current safety gate aims at solving the problems of insufficient safety and instant impact caused by capacitive load in the existing direct-current safety gate. The direct-current safety gate comprises the following circuits connected in turn: an input level, a first intrinsic safety protective level, a second intrinsic safety protective level and an output level. The input level comprises a first electronic switch controlled by an input voltage; the first intrinsic safety protective level comprises a controlled second electronic switch disconnected under faults of overvoltage, overcurrent and short circuit and connected after the faults are eliminated; the second intrinsic safety protective level comprises a controlled third electronic switch disconnected under faults of overvoltage, overcurrent and short circuit and connected after the faults are eliminated; and the output level comprises an output voltage ramp circuit and a controlled fourth electronic switch connecting the output voltage ramp circuit with the second intrinsic safety protective level circuit in a delay mode.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the DC power supply class of electronic devices, particularly a kind of being applied to is in the guard grating between non-intrinsic safety DC power supply and the intrinsic safety load equipment in inflammable, the explosive environments.
Background technology
Direct-flow electricity utilization apparatus inflammable, explosive environments such as fully-mechanized mining working must be essential safety (abbreviation intrinsic safety) product under the coal mine; As in the electric-control system of hydraulic support; The electric-control system of support itself meets the intrinsic safety requirement; But in many application scenarios, the D.C. regulated power supply of electric energy being provided for this electric-control system is non-intrinsic safety product.
D.C. regulated power supply converts alternating current into low-voltage direct voltage stabilizing electricity, and generally speaking, D.C. regulated power supply has lower output resistance and bigger output energy storage parameter, and promptly outputting inductance and output capacitance are bigger.
According to the safety of coal mines requirement, intrinsic safety electronic product that uses under the coal mine and connection (intrinsic safety) cable thereof have certain limit value requirement to its energy storage parameter (distributed capacitance and inductance), can not surpass the security value (s) of setting.When being short-circuited, energy stored rapid release on the energy storage components and parts of intrinsic safety electronic product (comprise and connect the intrinsic safety cable), the cremate energy of generation can not cause security incident.
Therefore, need between the load equipment of the D.C. regulated power supply of non-intrinsic safety and intrinsic safety, be provided with and itself meet the direct-current safety gate that intrinsic safety requires.
Chinese patent 200510043076.3 discloses a kind of high-power guard grating of permanent power output; On the basis of the input filter circuit of incoming transport electrical network, current rectifying and wave filtering circuit; Behind rectified wave filter circuit, be connected to energy limited circuit; Solved the problem that there is spark energy under the failure condition that bigger output energy storage parameter brings in general D.C. regulated power supply, but existed following not enough:
1, can only the overcurrent and the short trouble of load equipment be detected, and can not detect the overvoltage fault of load equipment, fail safe is not enough;
2, when overcurrent and short trouble appear in load equipment, main switching control be through regenerative circuit gradually by suppressing spark energy, low-response and cause fail safe not enough;
3, its input voltage detects and only has the effect that power invariability is regulated; And can not cross the break-make of low or too high time control power supply at input voltage, existed low-voltage to make energy suppress circuit cisco unity malfunction and too high voltages and potential safety hazard that guard grating itself is broken down;
4, its output does not have the function that slowly powers on, and when supplying power to capacitive load, is prone to cause moment impact.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to solve the fail safe deficiency of existing direct-current safety gate existence and connect the problem that capacitive load is prone to cause moment impact; A kind of direct-current safety gate is provided; Can isolate the bigger output energy storage parameter of general D.C. regulated power supply; Pressure limiting is carried out in input, and output slowly powers on and multistage safety protection, thereby fail safe is higher and power supply is difficult for impacting to capacitive load.
The object of the invention is realized through following technical proposals:
Direct-current safety gate comprises the following circuit that connects successively
Input stage has first electronic switch that receives input voltage control;
The first safety protection level has controlled second electronic switch that under overvoltage, overcurrent, short trouble, breaks off and after above-mentioned fault is eliminated, connect;
The second safety protection level has controlled the 3rd electronic switch that under overvoltage, overcurrent, short trouble, breaks off and after above-mentioned fault is eliminated, connect;
Output stage has the slow circuit that rises of output voltage and connects the controlled quadrielectron switch of circuit at the corresponding levels and load with time-delay.
Said input stage also comprises Schmidt's voltage detecting circuit that an end is connected with the control end of first electronic switch, and the wherein other end of this testing circuit connects input voltage; Control threshold values when input voltage is lower than first of first electronic switch, Schmidt's voltage detecting circuit sends shutdown signal to the control end of first electronic switch, and first electronic switch is in closed condition; Control threshold values when input voltage rises to second of first electronic switch, Schmidt's voltage detecting circuit sends connection signal to the control end of first electronic switch, and first electronic switch is connected the input voltage and the first safety protection level; Control threshold values when input voltage falls back to the 3rd of first electronic switch from the high pressure that surpasses the second control threshold values, Schmidt's voltage detecting circuit sends connection signal to the control end of first electronic switch, and first electronic switch is connected; The input voltage of said input stage continues to rise to the 4th control during threshold values from the second control threshold values of first electronic switch, and Schmidt's voltage detecting circuit makes it not import first electronic switch by input voltage.
The said first safety protection level, the second safety protection level also comprise the failure detector circuit of overvoltage, overcurrent and the short-circuit conditions that can detect output stage respectively, and an end of this testing circuit is connected with the output of output stage, and other has an end to be connected with monostable circuit; For the first safety protection level, said monostable circuit is connected with the control end of second electronic switch, and for the second safety protection level, said monostable circuit is connected with the control end of the 3rd electronic switch.
The output voltage of said output stage is slow to rise the adjustable linear voltage regulator of charging circuit that circuit comprises charging capacitor, charging capacitor, output that its output is connected output stage; Output stage also comprises delayer; The adjustable terminal voltage of adjustable linear voltage regulator changes with the voltage of charging capacitor synchronously, and an end of delayer is connected with the control end of quadrielectron switch.
The present invention adopts said structure, through Schmidt's voltage detecting circuit of input stage, crosses when low at input voltage, then breaks off first electronic switch; Make the output dead electricity of entire circuit, on the one hand not to the intrinsic safety load equipment power supply that is connect, on the other hand; The two-stage safety protection circuit that prevents back level and output-stage circuit be because of the low pressure cisco unity malfunction, when the overtension imported, also breaks off first electronic switch; Guarantee the Electrical Safety of late-class circuit, and when input voltage fell into the voltage range of normal requirement, this first electronic switch was connected automatically; To the input high pressure section, also have lagging characteristics, prevent the critical point frequent switch motion of switch at the input high pressure.
Two-stage safety protection level circuit forms multi-stage protection, and when one-level broke down therein, another level can be born protective effect; Failure detector circuit separately carries out fault (referring to overvoltage, overcurrent and short trouble) to output voltage and detects, and detection signal with control electronic switch separately, is accomplished safety protection after monostable circuit is handled; After breaking down, bursts of error of testing circuit output, this pulse is behind the monostable circuit broadening; The control electronic switch cuts out the long monostable time, thereby breaks off the power supply of the intrinsic safety load equipment that is connect, after the monostable time; Electronic switch is attempted to connect under the control of failure detector circuit, if fault still exists, testing circuit produces a bursts of error again; Make electronic switch continue to close, if fault disappears, then electronic switch is connected; Intrinsic safety load equipment to being connect restores electricity, thereby can form reliable safety protection.
Output-stage circuit electric after, form two paths: a path is because of charging circuit slowly charges to charging capacitor, the output supply voltage of adjustable linear voltage regulator slowly to be risen; Another path is, does because of delayer gets the electrician, behind the delay time of setting, makes quadrielectron switch connection, and input at the corresponding levels and output are led directly to; In the moment that general step powers on, because of the transient effect of electric capacity, initial charge current is bigger, power supply source is prone to impact, and output-stage circuit slowly powers on because of powering on step to change into, then can reduce the impact to the capacitive load powered on moment.
It is thus clear that; Adopt the present invention of said structure; Compared with prior art, on the basis that has isolated the bigger output energy storage parameter of general D.C. regulated power supply, can pressure limiting to input; Slowly power on and have multistage safety protection function exporting, thereby fail safe is higher and power supply is difficult for impacting to capacitive load.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is a structural representation block diagram of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the electrical block diagram of input stage among the present invention;
Fig. 3 is the electrical block diagram of the first safety protection level, the second safety protection level among the present invention;
Fig. 4 is the electrical block diagram of output stage among the present invention;
Fig. 5 is the voltage clamping transmission characteristic figure of input stage among the present invention;
Fig. 6 is the control characteristic figure of safety protection among the present invention;
Fig. 7 is the voltage waveform view of output stage among the present invention;
Label among the figure: the 1st, the D.C. regulated power supply (having bigger output energy storage parameter) of input, the 2nd, input stage, 3 is first safety protection levels, 4 is second safety protection levels; The 5th, output stage, the 6th, the intrinsic safety electric source (having less output energy storage parameter) of output, 7 to 11 is the electric energy transmitting paths between the circuit modules at different levels; 12 is first electronic switches, the 13rd, and Schmidt's voltage detecting circuit of input stage, 15 is second electronic switches; 16 is first failure detector circuits, and 17 is first monostable circuits, and 20 is the 3rd electronic switches; 21 is second failure detector circuits, and 22 is second monostable circuits, and 25 is quadrielectron switches; The 26th, delayer, the 27th, adjustable linear voltage regulator, the 28th, the capacitor charging circuit of output stage.14, the 18,19,23,24,29, the 30th, the connecting path between each circuit.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with specific embodiment and accompanying drawing the present invention is further described.
As shown in Figure 1, direct-current safety gate comprises the following circuit that connects successively:
The first safety protection level 3 has controlled second electronic switch that under overvoltage, overcurrent, short trouble, breaks off and after above-mentioned fault is eliminated, connect;
The second safety protection level 4 has controlled the 3rd electronic switch that under overvoltage, overcurrent, short trouble, breaks off and after above-mentioned fault is eliminated, connect;
Above-mentioned input stage also comprises Schmidt's voltage detecting circuit that an end is connected with the control end of first electronic switch, and the wherein other end of this testing circuit connects input voltage, and has following characteristic:
Control threshold values when input voltage is lower than first of first electronic switch, Schmidt's voltage detecting circuit sends shutdown signal to the control end of first electronic switch, and first electronic switch is in closed condition;
Control threshold values when input voltage rises to second of first electronic switch, Schmidt's voltage detecting circuit sends connection signal to the control end of first electronic switch, and first electronic switch is connected the input voltage and the first safety protection level;
Control threshold values when input voltage falls back to the 3rd of first electronic switch from the high pressure that surpasses the second control threshold values, Schmidt's voltage detecting circuit sends connection signal to the control end of first electronic switch, and first electronic switch is connected;
The input voltage of input stage continues to rise to the 4th control during threshold values from the second control threshold values of first electronic switch, and Schmidt's voltage detecting circuit makes it not import first electronic switch by input voltage.
The above-mentioned first safety protection level, the second safety protection level also comprise the failure detector circuit of overvoltage, overcurrent and the short-circuit conditions that can detect output stage respectively, and an end of this testing circuit is connected with the output of output stage, and other has an end to be connected with monostable circuit; For the first safety protection level, said monostable circuit is connected with the control end of second electronic switch, and for the second safety protection level, said monostable circuit is connected with the control end of the 3rd electronic switch;
Above-mentioned output stage comprises that also charging circuit, delayer, its output of charging capacitor, charging capacitor are connected the adjustable linear voltage regulator of the output of output stage; The adjustable terminal voltage of adjustable linear voltage regulator changes with the voltage of charging capacitor synchronously, and an end of delayer is connected with the control end of quadrielectron switch.
In conjunction with accompanying drawing, the particular circuit configurations division of circuit modules at different levels is following:
As shown in Figure 2; Input stage comprises that an end connects the first electronic switch Q2 that positive pole is connected, the other end is connected with the input anode of the first safety protection level with the D.C. regulated power supply of importing 1; Be connected with catching diode D2 between the above-mentioned two ends of the first electronic switch Q2, wherein the positive pole of the negative terminal D.C. regulated power supply 1 of diode D2 connects.
Positive and negative the two poles of the earth of D.C. regulated power supply 1 are as the positive and negative the two poles of the earth of the input voltage of input stage.
Schmidt's voltage detecting circuit of input stage comprises the first triode Q4, the second triode Q5, the first voltage stabilizing didoe D6, the second voltage stabilizing didoe D9 and as the bi-directional voltage stabilizing diode D5 of moment TVS; The emitter of the first triode Q4 connects the input of the first electronic switch Q2, the positive pole of input voltage; And with the negative pole of input voltage between be connected with divider resistance R3 and the R11 that connects; Be connected base resistance R16 between the negative pole of its base stage and input voltage with second voltage stabilizing didoe D9 series connection; Be connected with first resistance R 9 between the link of the second voltage stabilizing didoe D9 and base resistance R16 and the positive pole of input voltage, its collector electrode links to each other with the link of divider resistance R3 and R11; The link of divider resistance R3 and R11 also is connected with the control end of the first electronic switch Q2; And be connected with second resistance R 10; The other end of second resistance R 10 is connected with the negative terminal of the first voltage stabilizing didoe D6; The anode of the first voltage stabilizing didoe D6 is connected with the base stage of the second triode Q5, and and the negative pole of input voltage between be connected with first capacitor C 4; The emitter of the second triode Q5 connects the negative pole of input voltage, and collector electrode is connected with the negative terminal of the second voltage stabilizing didoe D9; The output of the first electronic switch Q2 connects the first safety protection level.
As shown in Figure 2, input stage is also at its input and be connected to the light-emitting diode DS1 and the resistance R 33 of series connection, as indicator light.
The operation principle of input stage is following:
In the present embodiment, the first, second, third, fourth control threshold values of the first electronic switch Q2 is respectively 6V, 18V, 16V, 30V, and the voltage of controlling first electronic switch Q2 unlatching is 2V, and the operating voltage of circuit is 12V.
When input voltage VIN+the be lower than first control threshold values 6V, input voltage is after divider resistance R3 and R11 dividing potential drop, and the control end voltage of giving the first electronic switch Q2 is less than 2V, and promptly Q2 obtains shutdown signal, so Q2 can not connect; When input voltage VIN+rising during more than or equal to the first control threshold values 6V, the control end voltage of giving the first electronic switch Q2 through divider resistance is greater than its cut-in voltage 2V, and then Q2 connects; When input voltage VIN+the rise to second control threshold values 18V, because of the second voltage stabilizing didoe D9 conducting, make triode Q4 conducting, be 0 thereby make the grid of switch Q2 and the pressure drop of source electrode, switch Q2 disconnection; When input voltage VIN+when continuing to rise to the 4th control threshold values 30V, the bi-directional voltage stabilizing pipe D5 conducting as the moment TVS makes the power supply of circuit at the corresponding levels be no more than 30V, thereby protects circuit at the corresponding levels; When input voltage VIN+when hanging down to 18V from the high pressure falling, though not conducting of D9 because of the first voltage stabilizing didoe D6 conducting, makes triode Q5 conducting, thereby keeps the conducting of Q4, switching tube Q2 still breaks off; When input voltage VIN+continue to fall back to the 3rd control threshold values 16V, not conducting of D6, Q5 closes, and Q4 closes, and Q2 obtains control voltage and conducting.
The output voltage of input stage and the voltage clamping characteristic between the input voltage are as shown in Figure 5, can find out that from this figure the high pressure section to input voltage has lagging characteristics, prevent the critical point frequent switch motion of first electronic switch at the input high pressure.
The first safety protection level, the second safety protection level circuit structure are as shown in Figure 3.In the present embodiment, the operating voltage range of safety protection level circuit is designed to 6V to 16V, crosses flow point and is designed to 2.5A, crosses pressure point and is designed to 14V, and short-circuit voltage is designed to 0.8V, and reboot time is designed to 14s.
In conjunction with Fig. 3, be its circuit structure of example explanation with the first safety protection level: over-voltage detection circuit U1A, short-circuit detecting circuit U1D, over-current detection circuit U1B, current sense amplifier U1C are operational amplifiers; The failure detector circuit of the first safety protection level comprises reference circuit U6, over-voltage detection circuit U1A, short-circuit detecting circuit U1D, over-current detection circuit U1B and the current sense amplifier U1C that produces reference voltage, and the output of over-voltage detection circuit U1A, short-circuit detecting circuit U1D, over-current detection circuit U1B is connected with the low level trigger end of monostable circuit U2 through diode D4, D10, D24 respectively; The test side of over-voltage detection circuit U1A (being its inverting input) is connected with the output head anode of the first safety protection level through the bleeder circuit that resistance R 29, R35, R64 form; The test side of short-circuit detecting circuit U1D (being its in-phase input end) is detected resistance R 59 through it and is connected with the output head anode of the first safety protection level; The test side of over-current detection circuit U1B (being its inverting input) is connected with the output of current sense amplifier U1C through the base stage of an amplifying triode Q3; The reference edge of over-voltage detection circuit U1A, over-current detection circuit U1B (be both in-phase input ends and connect) is connected with the reference voltage end of reference circuit U6 through resistance R 14, and the reference edge of short-circuit detecting circuit U1D (being its inverting input) connects the negative pole of circuit input end at the corresponding levels, connects the reference voltage end of reference circuit U6 through resistance R 41 through resistance R 2; The output of monostable circuit U2 is connected with the control end of the second electronic switch Q1 through resistance R 1; The test side of current sense amplifier U1C (being its in-phase input end) is connected with the negative pole of output end of the first safety protection level through resistance R 8; And is connected with the input cathode of the first safety protection level through current sense resistor R53, resistance R 13, R18 that the inverting input of current sense amplifier U1C passes through to connect are connected with the input cathode of circuit at the corresponding levels; The power end of the collector electrode of amplifying triode Q3, current sense amplifier U1C is anodal to be connected with the input anode of circuit at the corresponding levels through resistance R 54; The emitter of amplifying triode Q3 is connected with the inverting input of over-current detection circuit U1B through resistance R 19, and pass through parallel resistor R15, R55 again series resistance R18 be connected with the input cathode of circuit at the corresponding levels; The reference voltage end of reference circuit U6 is connected with the power end of current sense amplifier U1C is anodal through resistance R 12; Be connected with parallelly connected capacitor C 6 and resistance R 20 between the low level trigger end of monostable circuit U2 and the negative pole of circuit input end at the corresponding levels; The earth terminal of monostable circuit U2, control voltage end are connected with the input cathode of circuit at the corresponding levels through capacitor C 3 through capacitor C 5, thresholding end; Discharge end is connected through the power end positive pole of resistance R 7, R4 and the current sense amplifier U1C of series connection; Resistance R 7, R4's and connect end and is connected with the thresholding end, resistance R 4, R54's and connect and hold to pass through capacitor C 2 and be connected with the input cathode of circuit at the corresponding levels; The two ends of second electronic switch are connected with catching diode D1 and resistance R 36.
In the present embodiment, monostable circuit U2 can use 555 integrated circuits to constitute.
The operation principle of safety protection level circuit is following: when the output voltage VO UT+ of circuit at the corresponding levels surpasses 14V; After the dividing potential drop of resistance R 29, R35, R64; The voltage of the inverting input of over-voltage detection circuit U1A makes its output low level signal greater than the reference voltage that its in-phase input end connect; When making output current greater than 2.5A because of load is too small; The terminal voltage of current sense resistor R53 is after current sense amplifier U1C, amplifying triode Q3 amplify; The inverting input voltage that makes over-current detection circuit U1B makes its output low level signal greater than the reference voltage that its in-phase input end connect; When output short-circuit, perhaps the forward diode load only being arranged (tube voltage drop of diode is less than 0.8V), the in-phase input end voltage of short-circuit detecting circuit U1D is lower than its inverting input voltage, makes its output low level signal.These low level pulse level are transferred to the low level trigger end of monostable flipflop U2 as fault-signal, and give the control end of the second electronic switch Q1 via the shutdown signal (as shown in Figure 6) of U2 broadening one period monostable time period of output, and Q1 is closed.After the monostable time, the Q1 control end obtains start signal, attempts to connect, if peripheral fault is eliminated, then Q1 connects successfully, otherwise above-mentioned failure detector circuit sends shutdown signal again it is closed again.
The output voltage of output stage is slow to rise the adjustable linear voltage regulator of charging circuit that circuit comprises charging capacitor, charging capacitor, output that its output is connected output stage; Output stage also comprises delayer; The adjustable terminal voltage of adjustable linear voltage regulator changes with the voltage of charging capacitor synchronously, and an end of delayer is connected with the control end of quadrielectron switch;
The particular circuit configurations of output stage is as shown in Figure 4 in the present embodiment; Charging circuit comprises charging resistor R24, R26, the R58 that connects between the output head anode of the charging end that is connected charging capacitor C11 and output stage; The other end of charging capacitor C11 is connected with the input cathode of output stage, and the output head anode of output stage is connected with the output of adjustable linear voltage regulator IC1; Resistance R 26, R58's and connect between the end and the output head anode of output stage and be connected with diode D14, the anode of diode D14 connects above-mentioned and connects end.
The two ends of the quadrielectron switch Q6 of output stage connect input, the output of output stage respectively, and and are connected to catching diode D8, the capacitor C 17 and the resistance R 21 that are connected with and connect between its control end and the input.
In the present embodiment, adopt the delayed switching circuit of voltage comparator U5B as delayer, the control end of quadrielectron switch Q6 connects the output of voltage comparator U5B through resistance R 22.
The adjustable end of adjustable linear voltage regulator IC1 and the charging end of charging capacitor C11 are connected with shunting triode Q8; The emitter of above-mentioned adjustable end and shunting triode Q8, resistance R 24 are with R26's and connect end and be connected; The base stage of shunting triode Q8 is connected with the charging end of charging capacitor C11; The collector electrode of shunting triode Q8 is connected with the input cathode of output stage, is connected with resistance R 34 between collector electrode and the emitter; The input anode of the input termination output stage of adjustable linear voltage regulator IC1, the output head anode of output termination output stage is connected with capacitor C 7 between the input cathode of input and output stage.
Delayer comprises delayed switching circuit (being voltage comparator U5B in the present embodiment), passes through the delay capacitor C8 that another charging resistor R28 is connected with the input anode of output stage; The charging end of this delay capacitor C8 connects the test side (being the inverting input of voltage comparator U5B) of delayed switching circuit; The output of delayed switching circuit connects the control end of quadrielectron switch; The reference edge of delayed switching circuit (being the in-phase input end of voltage comparator U5B) is connected the input cathode of output stage with the other end of charging capacitor C11 through resistance R 52; The two ends of charging capacitor C8 also and be connected to resistance R 39; The two ends of resistance R 28 also are connected to diode D22, and the negative terminal of diode D22 connects the input anode of output stage; Be connected with resistance R 45 between the in-phase input end of voltage comparator U5B and the input anode of output stage; Be parallel with capacitor C 16 between the input anode of output stage and the negative pole.
Be connected with resistance R 53 between the input cathode of output stage and the negative pole of output end, this resistance with the resistance R 53 of safety protection level be identity element.
Be connected with resistance R 17 and light-emitting diode DS2 the connect indicator light that constitutes, the moment TVS that bi-directional voltage stabilizing diode D16 constitutes, the pressurizer and the capacitor C 12 of voltage stabilizing didoe D17 formation between the output head anode of output stage and the negative pole.
In the present embodiment, the design parameter of output stage is: output waveform is as shown in Figure 7, and slow start-up time, t1 was designed to 1s, and following rank voltage Δ V1 is designed to 2.5V, and last rank voltage Δ V2 is designed to 1V, and the burning voltage of IC1 is designed to 14V.
The operation principle of output stage is: initial when input voltage VIN+power on, because of the terminal voltage of capacitor C 8 is 0, make voltage comparator U5B output high level; Thereby quadrielectron switch Q6 is broken off; The output voltage VO UT+ of this moment is the output of adjustable linear voltage regulator IC1, and charges to charging capacitor C11 through resistance R 24, R26, R58, and the voltage at charging capacitor C11 two ends is slowly risen; The collector electrode shunting degree of triode Q8 is slowly increased; The voltage of the adjustable end of adjustable linear voltage regulator IC1 slowly rises, so the numerical value of VOUT+ also is slow rising, up to the stable output of adjustable linear voltage regulator IC1; Existence because of the tube voltage drop of adjustable linear voltage regulator makes output voltage be lower than input voltage 1V.And power on simultaneously at VIN+, capacitor C 8 must be established the beginning charging by cable through resistance R 28, behind the certain hour; The voltage at capacitor C 8 two ends is higher than the voltage of voltage comparator U5B in-phase input end; Make its output low level, quadrielectron switch Q6 is connected, eliminated the tube voltage drop of IC1.
Claims (5)
1. direct-current safety gate is characterized in that, comprising:
Input stage has first electronic switch that receives input voltage control; The first safety protection level has controlled second electronic switch that under overvoltage, overcurrent, short trouble, breaks off and after above-mentioned fault is eliminated, connect; The second safety protection level has controlled the 3rd electronic switch that under overvoltage, overcurrent, short trouble, breaks off and after above-mentioned fault is eliminated, connect; Output stage has the slow circuit that rises of output voltage and connects the controlled quadrielectron switch of circuit at the corresponding levels and load with the time-delay that is attached thereto; Said input stage, the said first safety protection level, the said second safety protection level are connected with said output stage successively;
Wherein: said input stage also comprises Schmidt's voltage detecting circuit that an end is connected with the control end of first electronic switch, and the wherein other end of this testing circuit connects input voltage; Control threshold values when input voltage is lower than first of first electronic switch, Schmidt's voltage detecting circuit sends shutdown signal to the control end of first electronic switch, and first electronic switch is in closed condition; When input voltage rose more than or equal to the first control threshold values, Schmidt's voltage detecting circuit sent connection signal to the control end of first electronic switch, and first electronic switch is connected; When input voltage rose to the second control threshold values of first electronic switch, first electronic switch broke off; The input voltage of said input stage continues to rise to the 4th control during threshold values from the second control threshold values of first electronic switch, and Schmidt's voltage detecting circuit makes it not import first electronic switch by input voltage; Control threshold values when input voltage falls back to the 3rd of first electronic switch from the high pressure that surpasses the second control threshold values, Schmidt's voltage detecting circuit sends connection signal to the control end of first electronic switch, and first electronic switch is connected; The said first control threshold values＜said the 3rd control threshold values＜said second control threshold values＜said the 4th control threshold values;
Schmidt's voltage detecting circuit of said input stage comprises first triode (Q4), second triode (Q5), first voltage stabilizing didoe (D6), second voltage stabilizing didoe (D9) and as the bi-directional voltage stabilizing diode (D5) of moment TVS; The emitter of first triode (Q4) connects the input of first electronic switch (Q2), the positive pole of input voltage; And with the negative pole of input voltage between be connected with the divider resistance (R3 that connects; R11); Be connected base resistance (R16) between the negative pole of its base stage and input voltage with second voltage stabilizing didoe (D9) series connection; Be connected with first resistance (R9) between the link of second voltage stabilizing didoe (D9) and base resistance (R16) and the positive pole of input voltage, and its collector electrode and divider resistance (R3, link R11) links to each other; Divider resistance (R3; R11) link also is connected with the control end of first electronic switch (Q2); And be connected with second resistance (R10); The other end of second resistance (R10) is connected with the negative terminal of first voltage stabilizing didoe (D6), and the anode of first voltage stabilizing didoe (D6) is connected with the base stage of second triode (Q5), and and the negative pole of input voltage between be connected with first electric capacity (C4); The emitter of second triode (Q5) connects the negative pole of input voltage, and collector electrode is connected with the negative terminal of second voltage stabilizing didoe (D9); The output of first electronic switch (Q2) connects the first safety protection level;
The said first safety protection level, the second safety protection level also comprise the failure detector circuit of overvoltage, overcurrent and the short-circuit conditions that can detect output stage respectively, and an end of this testing circuit is connected with the output of output stage, and other has an end to be connected with monostable circuit; For the first safety protection level, said monostable circuit is connected with the control end of second electronic switch, and for the second safety protection level, said monostable circuit is connected with the control end of the 3rd electronic switch;
Said output stage comprises that also charging circuit, delayer, its output of charging capacitor, charging capacitor are connected the adjustable linear voltage regulator of the output of output stage; The adjustable terminal voltage of adjustable linear voltage regulator changes with the voltage of charging capacitor synchronously, and an end of delayer is connected with the control end of quadrielectron switch.
2. direct-current safety gate according to claim 1; It is characterized in that; The failure detector circuit of the said first safety protection level comprises reference circuit, over-voltage detection circuit, short-circuit detecting circuit, over-current detection circuit and the current sense amplifier that produces reference voltage, and the output of over-voltage detection circuit, short-circuit detecting circuit, over-current detection circuit is connected with the low level trigger end of monostable circuit through a diode respectively; The test side of over-voltage detection circuit is connected with the output head anode of the first safety protection level through bleeder circuit; The test side of short-circuit detecting circuit is detected resistance through it and is connected with the output head anode of the first safety protection level; The test side of over-current detection circuit is connected with the output of current sense amplifier, and the reference edge of over-voltage detection circuit, short-circuit detecting circuit, over-current detection circuit is connected with the reference voltage end of reference circuit through resistance respectively; The output of monostable circuit is connected with the control end of second electronic switch; The test side of current sense amplifier is connected with the negative pole of output end of the first safety protection level, and is connected with the input cathode of the first safety protection level through current sense resistor;
The failure detector circuit structure of the second safety protection level is identical with the first safety protection level.
3. like the said direct-current safety gate of claim 2; It is characterized in that; The output voltage of said output stage is slow to rise the adjustable linear voltage regulator of charging circuit that circuit comprises charging capacitor, charging capacitor, output that its output is connected output stage; Output stage also comprises delayer, and the adjustable terminal voltage of adjustable linear voltage regulator changes with the voltage of charging capacitor synchronously, and an end of delayer is connected with the control end of quadrielectron switch;
Said charging circuit comprises the charging resistor between the output head anode of the charging end that is connected charging capacitor and output stage; The other end of charging capacitor is connected with the input cathode of output stage, and the output head anode of output stage is connected with the output of adjustable linear voltage regulator;
The adjustable end of adjustable linear voltage regulator and the charging end of charging capacitor are connected with the shunting triode; Above-mentioned adjustable end is connected with the emitter of shunting triode; The base stage of shunting triode is connected with the charging end of charging capacitor; The collector electrode of shunting triode is connected with the input cathode of output stage, is connected with resistance between collector electrode and the emitter;
Delayer comprises delayed switching circuit, passes through the delay capacitor that another charging resistor is connected with the input anode of output stage; The charging end of this delay capacitor connects the test side of delayed switching circuit; The output of delayed switching circuit connects the control end of quadrielectron switch, and the reference edge of delayed switching circuit is connected the input cathode of output stage with the other end of charging capacitor.
4. like the said direct-current safety gate of claim 3, it is characterized in that said over-voltage detection circuit, over-current detection circuit, short-circuit detecting circuit, current sense amplifier, delayed switching circuit all are operational amplifiers.
5. like the said direct-current safety gate of claim 3; It is characterized in that; Said monostable circuit receives the failure pulse signal that failure detector circuit sends, and becomes shutdown signal to be transferred to the control end of quadrielectron switch behind the broadening, makes quadrielectron switch close one monostable period.
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| CN2009100584825A CN101567549B (en) | 2009-03-03 | 2009-03-03 | Direct-current safety gate |
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