CN101567456A - Fuel cell system and control method thereof - Google Patents
Fuel cell system and control method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN101567456A CN101567456A CNA2009101331941A CN200910133194A CN101567456A CN 101567456 A CN101567456 A CN 101567456A CN A2009101331941 A CNA2009101331941 A CN A2009101331941A CN 200910133194 A CN200910133194 A CN 200910133194A CN 101567456 A CN101567456 A CN 101567456A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04223—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids during start-up or shut-down; Depolarisation or activation, e.g. purging; Means for short-circuiting defective fuel cells
- H01M8/04268—Heating of fuel cells during the start-up of the fuel cells
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
- H01M8/04029—Heat exchange using liquids
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/06—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues
- H01M8/0606—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants
- H01M8/0612—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants from carbon-containing material
- H01M8/0618—Reforming processes, e.g. autothermal, partial oxidation or steam reforming
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
- H01M8/04014—Heat exchange using gaseous fluids; Heat exchange by combustion of reactants
- H01M8/04022—Heating by combustion
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/06—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues
- H01M8/0662—Treatment of gaseous reactants or gaseous residues, e.g. cleaning
- H01M8/0668—Removal of carbon monoxide or carbon dioxide
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method of controlling a fuel cell system including a fuel processor to generate reforming gas and a stack to generate energy by receiving the reforming gas from the fuel processor. The method includes performing an initial operation, in which the fuel processor is operated to generate thermal energy heating, a heat medium is heated by the thermal energy generated from the fuel processor, and raising a temperature of the stack to a normal operation temperature by the heat medium having a high temperature, and performing a normal operation, in which the reforming gas is supplied to the stack after the temperature of the stack has reached the normal operation temperature. The stack temperature is raised until the stack is normally operated by heating the stack through the circulation of a heat medium heated by heat generated from a fuel processor.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of fuel cell system and control method thereof.More specifically, the present invention relates to a kind of fuel cell system and control method thereof, the battery pile (stack) of the circulation heating fuel battery system of the thermal medium that the heat that described fuel cell system and control method thereof pass through to be produced by fuel processor heats, can be fast and improve the temperature of the battery pile of fuel cell system effectively, till the battery pile of fuel cell system can normal running.
Background technology
Usually, fuel cell system obtains electric energy and heat energy by the electrochemical reaction such as redox reaction.Storage capacity such as the fossil energy of oil and coal is limited.In addition, when using fossil energy, can produce all contaminations, thereby cause environmental pollution problems.
Fuel cell system produces electric energy and heat energy by carry out electrochemical reaction with high efficiency, so fuel cell system receives publicity as alternative energy that can solve energy loss and problem of environmental pollution.
As korean patent application 1998-0016383 number with 2003-0047158 number in disclosed the same, fuel cell system comprises fuel supply unit, fuel processor, battery pile and cooling fluid feed unit.
Hereinafter, describe the operation of traditional fuel cell system in detail with reference to Fig. 1.
Traditional fuel cell system 110 comprises fuel supply unit 150, and described fuel supply unit will arrive fuel processor 120 such as the CH base fuel supply of LNG, LPG and kerosene.
The fuel experience that fuel processor 120 allows to be desulfurized is reformed and CO removal process.When the above process of fuel process, fuel converts the gas of the CO (carbon monoxide) that mainly comprises hydrogen and have low content to.Described gas mixes with extraneous air, thereby forms reformed gas.Reformed gas is supplied to battery pile 130.
Cooling fluid feed unit 140 supplies to the coldplate that is inserted between the single battery with cooling fluid, so that heat is dispersed into outside the battery pile 130, this heat produces in electrochemical reaction process.
Simultaneously, because chemical reaction can not initiatively carry out the preset time section from the initial operation of fuel cell system 110, so therefore the parts of fuel cell system 110 can not reach the temperature that is suitable for normal running.Because the temperature that is used for the normal running of parts may change according to parts, so even some parts in low relatively temperature normal running, need higher temperature to carry out the parts of normal running can not normal running.
For example, the reformer (not shown) of fuel processor 120 can produce gas with low relatively temperature effectively, but the shift-converter (not shown) of fuel processor 120 can not make and can not remove CO effectively in low relatively temperature normal running.
In the case, the gas by shift-converter comprises about 75% hydrogen and about 5% CO.Supply to battery pile 130 if contain the gas of about 5% CO, then may damage battery pile 130.Therefore, even gas contains about 75% useful hydrogen, can not use this gas as reformed gas.For this reason, supply gas to burner 160 or fuel supply unit 150, make gas combustion, till can producing the reformed gas that contains the CO that is lower than predeterminated level.Extraneous air feed unit 170 supplies to fuel processor 120 with extraneous air.
Yet traditional fuel cell system needs the plenty of time to reach the temperature that is suitable for normal running from its initial operation.
In order to address this problem, proposed a kind of being used for by utilizing electric heater heating fuel battery system to increase the method for temperature of fuel cell system.Yet according to the method, fuel cell system must heat for a long time, makes to consume a large amount of electric energy, thereby causes high running cost.
Summary of the invention
Therefore, one aspect of the present invention provides a kind of fuel cell system and control method thereof, the battery pile of the circulation heating fuel battery system of the thermal medium that the heat that described fuel cell system and control method thereof pass through to be produced by fuel processor heats, can be fast and improve the temperature of the battery pile of fuel cell system effectively, till the battery pile of fuel cell system can normal running.
Other aspect of the present invention and/or advantage are set forth part in the following description, and part by this explanation obviously maybe can be learned by enforcement of the present invention.
Aforementioned and/or others of the present invention realize by a kind of method of controlling fuel cell system is provided, described system comprise the fuel processor that produces reformed gas and by reception from the energy-producing battery pile of the reformed gas of fuel processor.Described method comprises the steps: to carry out initial operation, the step of described execution initial operation comprises the operation fuel processor producing heat energy, to bring up to normal running temperature by the heat energy heat hot medium that produces and with the temperature of battery pile, and the temperature of described battery pile improves step and comprises thermal medium is heated to high temperature; And the execution normal running, after the temperature that the step of described execution normal running is included in battery pile has reached normal running temperature reformed gas is supplied to battery pile.
The step of described execution initial operation comprises the steps: that the thermal medium that will have high temperature supplies to battery pile; And heating described battery pile, this step that heats described battery pile comprises that the circulation heating circuit by being arranged between fuel processor and the battery pile makes the thermal medium circulation.
Described supplying step with thermal medium of high temperature comprises the coldplate that thermal medium is directly supplied to battery pile.
Thermal medium with high temperature is by being arranged on the coldplate that coolant reservoir in the battery pile supplies to battery pile.
Described supplying step comprises and simultaneously thermal medium is supplied to the coldplate of battery pile and coolant reservoir is provided.
Thermal medium is by the heat exchanger of fuel processor, makes the heat hot medium, then, after the operation that the temperature of the reformer in being arranged on fuel processor has reached this reformer begins temperature, thermal medium supplied to battery pile.
The supplying step of described thermal medium carries out after described discharge step.
If supply to the upper limit that the amount of the thermal medium of battery pile reaches the reception capacity of battery pile, will the step of battery pile appear stopping thermal medium being supplied to.
If supply to the upper limit that the amount of the thermal medium of battery pile reaches the reception capacity of battery pile, a part of thermal medium that is stored in the battery pile then appears discharging.
If the temperature that is arranged on the shift-converter in the fuel processor reaches the preset temperature of shift-converter, then supply with the step of thermal medium and begin the step that heating battery is piled.
The preset temperature of shift-converter is 100 ℃.
Described circulation step can comprise by circulation heating circuit forced circulation thermal medium.
Described circulation step can comprise since the thermal siphon phenomenon by circulation heating circuit circulating thermal medium.
Fueling is fed into fuel processor, and supplies to the burner of fuel processor by the reformed gas that fuel processor produces.
If the temperature of battery pile surpasses the proper handling temperature of battery pile, supply to burner in the step that stops battery pile to be heated and with reformed gas by the circulation of thermal medium after, reformed gas is supplied to battery pile.
Fuel processor is provided with reformer, and when the temperature of reformer was higher than the operating limit temperature of reformer, the thermal medium that will have normal temperature supplied to reformer to regulate the temperature of reformer.
Fuel processor is provided with reformer, and when the temperature of reformer is higher than the operating limit temperature of reformer, and the thermal medium of heat exchanger heats that will be by fuel processor supplies to reformer to regulate the temperature of reformer.
Thermal medium comprises water.
Fuel processor comprises reformer, carbon monoxide removal device and shift-converter, and described method further comprises the steps: by the heat energy that is produced by reformer with by at least a heat hot medium in the heat energy of carbon monoxide removal device generation.
To supply to the carbon monoxide removal device with operation carbon monoxide removal device with air by the supply gas that reformer and shift-converter produce, and in second operation, will supply to the heat exchanger of fuel processor by the heat energy that the carbon monoxide removal device produces.
Aforementioned and/or others of the present invention realize that by a kind of fuel cell system is provided described system comprises: the fuel processor that produces reformed gas; By receiving the energy-producing battery pile of reformed gas from fuel processor; And circulation heating circuit, described circulation heating circuit is arranged between fuel processor and the battery pile, so that in initial operation, utilize the heat that produces by fuel processor to improve the temperature of battery pile, wherein, the circulation heating circuit comprises thermal medium is supplied to the coldplate fluid passage of battery pile and makes thermal medium turn back to the circulating fluid path of fuel processor from battery pile from fuel processor.
Fuel processor comprises heat exchanger, and battery pile comprises coldplate, and the coldplate fluid passage is formed between heat exchanger and the coldplate.
Fuel processor comprises heat exchanger, and battery pile comprises coolant reservoir, and the coldplate fluid passage is formed between heat exchanger and the coolant reservoir.
Fuel processor comprises heat exchanger, and battery pile comprises liquid cooling unit and coolant reservoir, and the coldplate fluid passage is formed at heat exchanger and is arranged between the coldplate in the battery pile and between heat exchanger and the coolant reservoir.
First valve is installed in the coldplate fluid passage supply with the control thermal medium, and second valve is installed in the circulating fluid path circulation with the control thermal medium.
Extend to outside discharge pipe and be connected to the coldplate that is arranged in the battery pile, be stored in thermal medium in the coldplate, and valve is installed in the discharge pipe discharge with the control thermal medium with discharge.
Fuel processor comprises reformer, and reformer comprises that the thermal medium that will have normal temperature supplies to the first fluid path of reformer and second fluid passage that supplies to reformer from coldplate fluid passage branch with the thermal medium that will have high temperature.
Fuel processor comprises heat exchanger and reduces the carbon monoxide removal device of the content of carbon monoxide, and the heat energy that is produced by the carbon monoxide removal device supplies to heat exchanger.
At least one outer surface of carbon monoxide removal device contacts with at least one outer surface face of heat exchanger, and heat energy supplies to heat exchanger by the face contact portion between carbon monoxide removal device and the heat exchanger from the carbon monoxide removal device.
Fuel cell system and control method thereof can be fast and are improved the temperature of the battery pile of fuel cell system effectively according to an embodiment of the invention, up to the battery pile of fuel cell system can be by the heat heating that produces by fuel processor thermal medium circulation heating fuel battery system battery pile and till the normal running.
In addition, fuel cell system and control method thereof can be fast and are improved the temperature of the battery pile of fuel cell system effectively according to an embodiment of the invention, up to the battery pile of fuel cell system can be by utilizing the heat energy heating that produces by the carbon monoxide removal device thermal medium heating fuel battery system battery pile and till the normal running.
In addition, fuel cell system and control method thereof can improve the temperature of the battery pile of fuel cell system fast by supplying with the hot water produce to battery pile during initial operation according to an embodiment of the invention.
Description of drawings
From becoming obviously to the explanation of embodiment these and/or others of the present invention and advantage below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and being more readily understood, wherein:
Fig. 1 is the block diagram that shows the structure of conventional fuel cell system;
Fig. 2 is the schematic diagram of demonstration according to the structure of the fuel cell system of the first embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 3 A and Fig. 3 B are the flow charts of the control method of the fuel cell system shown in the displayed map 2;
Fig. 4 is the schematic diagram that shows the structure of fuel cell system according to a second embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 5 is the schematic diagram of structure that shows the fuel cell system of a third embodiment in accordance with the invention; And
Fig. 6 is the schematic diagram of structure that shows the fuel cell system of a fourth embodiment in accordance with the invention.
Embodiment
Below with detailed reference example, the example of embodiment shown in the accompanying drawing, wherein same in the text Reference numeral is represented components identical.Below explanation embodiment is so that pass through with reference to description of drawings the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the schematic diagram of demonstration according to the structure of the fuel cell system of the first embodiment of the present invention.
As shown in Figure 2, according to the fuel cell system 10 of the first embodiment of the present invention comprise fuel processor 20, the battery pile 30 that produces electric power of carrying out reforming reaction, circulation heating circuit 71 between the coldplate 36 of the coolant reservoir 40, the heat exchanger 24 that is arranged on fuel processor 20 and the battery pile 30 that store cooling fluid and will arrive the coldplate fluid passage 72 of coldplate 36 by the hot water supply of heat exchanger 24 heating.
Reformer 23 is heated to carry out reforming reaction by burner 22.When fuel cell system 10 initial operations, air and fuel 50 are supplied to burner 22 with ignition combustion device 22.The burner 22 heated reformate devices of lighting 23, the operation that makes the temperature of reformer 23 reach 300 ℃ begins temperature.In the case, for operating burner 22 with heated reformate device 23, except the valve of necessity, close great majority and be installed in valve in the fuel cell system 10.Therefore, the heat that is produced by burner 22 can be used for heated reformate device 23 fully.Begin if first operation (showing with dotted line) of initial operation begins temperature in the operation of reformer 23, then first valve 91 is opened, and makes (DI) water 64 that removes deionization by heat exchanger 24.DI water 64 is heated in by heat exchanger 24, and supplies to the coldplate 36 of battery pile 30 then by coldplate fluid passage 72, thus heating battery heap 30.Simultaneously, burner 22 continuous heated reformate devices 23 make the temperature of reformer 23 reach 500 ℃ operating limit temperature.Reformer 23 can show optimal performance in the temperature range between operating limit temperature and the operation beginning temperature.For reformer 23 is remained in the Optimal Temperature scope, if the temperature of reformer 23 surpasses the operating limit temperature, then the 4th valve 94 is opened so that water 64 is supplied to reformer 23.If the 4th valve 94 is opened, the water 64 that then has normal temperature is fed into reformer 23, the feasible increase that can limit the temperature of reformer 23.The water that supplies to reformer 23 by the 4th valve 94 converts the steam with high temperature to by the heat that absorbs from reformer 23.High-temperature steam is supplied to the temperature of shift-converter 26 with increase shift-converter 26, and then described high-temperature steam is discharged to the outside.For the temperature that keeps reformer 23 in predetermined scope, during the initial operation of fuel cell system 10, opening/closing the 4th valve 94 continually under the control of controller (not shown).
Shift-converter 26 receives the gas that mainly comprises hydrogen, and reduces the ratio of components that is included in the CO in the gas.Can comprise about 75% hydrogen, about 15% CO from reformer 23 gas supplied
2And about 5% CO.In shift-converter 26, carry out following reaction.
If the temperature of shift-converter 26 then activates forward reaction in normal opereating specification, therefore, the content of CO reduces to about 0.5%.For normal running, shift-converter 26 because the hot accessory substance of the steam that high temperature reformer 23 produces receives heat, makes shift-converter 26 is heated to 100 ℃ that this temperature is the preset temperature of shift-converter 26 for 100 ℃ from comprising.If the temperature of shift-converter 26 is higher than the preset temperature of shift-converter 26, then water 64 and the fuel 50 handled by devulcanizer 62 are supplied to reformer 23 to carry out reforming reaction in reformer 23.When carrying out reforming reaction in reformer 23, the gas that is produced by reformer 23 supplies to shift-converter 26.Simultaneously, if even gas is produced by reformer 23 by reforming reaction, the temperature of battery pile 30 does not reach the proper handling temperature of battery pile 30 yet, then the 6th valve 96 open with by will be gas by shift-converter 26 supply to burner 22 and carry out second operation (representing) with chain-dotted line.The gas that produces in second operating period can comprise enough hydrogen, the temperature of shift-converter 26 is higher than the preset temperature of shift-converter 26 in this second operation, therefore, if gas supplies to burner 22, then can be used for the combustion reaction of heated reformate device 23.Because gas supplies to burner 22 from shift-converter 26 in second operation, therefore can reduce the amount of the fuel 50 that supplies to burner 22, or stop fuel 50 is supplied to burner 22, thereby save fuel 50.Simultaneously, if the temperature of shift-converter 26 is higher than the preset temperature of shift-converter 26, and the temperature of battery pile 30 surpasses the proper handling temperature of battery pile 30, and then the 6th valve 96 cuts out and operate normally by supplying gas to blender 27 (showing with solid line).
When operating normally, blender 27 receives the gas that is produced by shift-converter 26.According to the control signal of controller (not shown), blender 27 will be mixed with extraneous air 66 by shift-converter 26 gas supplied.When battery pile 30 was the low temperature type, the gas that mixes in blender 27 was fed into CO remover 29.
If carry out forward reaction in CO remover 29, then CO converts CO to
2, this means that the content of CO reduces.When CO passed through CO remover 29, the content of CO reduced to and is lower than 10ppm (PPM).If battery pile 30 is the low temperature type, then need CO remover 29, if but battery pile 30 is the high temperature type with durability of opposing CO, then can omit CO remover 29.The reformed gas of discharging from CO remover 29 supplies to battery pile 30.
Electric power is produced by anode 32 and negative electrode 34 by the oxidation and the reduction reaction of hydrogen.That is to say that anode 32 resolves into hydrogen ion and electronics by utilizing catalyst with hydrogen, thereby produce electric power, and negative electrode 34 makes hydrogen ion combine with electronics, thereby produce water.
Circulation heating circuit 71 is meant the circulatory system between the coldplate 36 that is arranged on heat exchanger 24 and battery pile 30.When fuel cell system 10 initial operations, because the thermal siphon phenomenon, water circulates by circulation heating circuit 71 naturally, thereby effectively and apace heats coldplate 36.Because the thermal siphon phenomenon is recycled water naturally, therefore need make and reduce energy consumption, and can prevent because the cost that attachment device causes increases such as the energy consumption circulating device of pump.The thermal siphon phenomenon is meant the two phase flow of the location that is subjected to gravity.Particularly, be filled in the circulation heating circuit 71, and liquid phase water absorbs the heat of supplying with as the burner 22 and the reformer 23 of heating unit by at heat exchanger 24 places, make liquid phase water convert to have the vapour phase water vapour of high temperature as the water of thermal medium.Along with liquid phase water converts the vapour phase water vapour to, the volumetric expansion of thermal medium and its density reduce.The vapour phase water vapour is transferred to the coldplate 36 that relatively is positioned the position higher than heat exchanger 24 by circulation heating circuit 71.Coldplate 36 is as condenser.By carrying out heat exchange with battery pile 30, the vapour phase water vapour with high temperature converts liquid phase water in by coldplate 36, makes volume reduce and the density increase.Have increase density liquid phase water since force of gravity to the heat exchanger 24 that is arranged on relatively low position.Liquid phase water passes by heating and cooling repeatedly and changes the vapour phase water vapour into, or vice versa, makes thermal medium not need forced circulation device by circulation heating circuit 71 natural circulation, thus heating battery heap 30.The 5th valve 95 is arranged in the circulation heating circuit 71.The 5th valve 95 is opened when second operation of carrying out fuel cell system 10.The circulation of the thermal medium that is caused by the thermal siphon phenomenon mainly appeared at for second operating period, and during this period, heat exchanger 24 is fully heated.When the temperature of battery pile 30 surpasses the proper handling temperature of battery pile 30, close the 5th valve 95.In the case, can stop the circulation of thermal medium by circulation heating circuit 71.
Coldplate fluid passage 72 will arrive coldplate 36 by the hot water supply of heat exchanger 24 heating.When the first operation beginning, open first valve 91 and second valve 92 that are arranged in the coldplate fluid passage 72.Water 64 with normal temperature supplies to heat exchanger 24 by first valve 91.In heat exchanger 24, the heat that water 64 absorbs from burner 22 and reformer 23 makes the temperature of water 64 increase.Then, water 64 supplies to coldplate 36 by second valve 92, makes heat pass to battery pile 30 from coldplate 36, thereby improves the temperature of battery pile 30.Simultaneously, before the water 64 with high temperature supplied to coldplate 36, the water that is stored in the coldplate 36 of battery pile 30 can be discharged in advance by the 3rd valve 93.If the water that is stored in the coldplate 36 of battery pile 30 is discharged in advance, then can reduce the thermal capacity of battery pile 30, make the heat energy of the hot water supply to battery pile 30 can be used to fully the to raise temperature of battery pile 30, thereby the temperature of battery pile 30 can raise fast.In addition, be elevated on the reference levels, also can discharge the water that is stored in the coldplate 36 even be present in the ionic conductivity of the water in the coldplate 36.In addition, even reached the temperature of the battery pile 30 that also raises continuously under the situation of target limit level for the water level in coldplate 36, new water can supply to coldplate 36 by controlling first to the 3rd valve 91,92 and 93 when discharge is stored in hot water in the coldplate 36.
Hereinafter, be presented at control method among Fig. 2 with reference to Fig. 3 A and 3B explanation according to the fuel cell system 10 of the first embodiment of the present invention.
When initial operation of fuel cells system 10, each parts of fuel cell system 10 are not producing by electrochemical reaction in the normal temperature range of electric energy, so by closing the various valve initialization fuel cell systems 10 (S10) that are installed in the fuel cell system 10, and operating burner 22 is with heated reformate device 23 (S20).
Then, whether the temperature of determining reformer 23 reaches 300 ℃ operation and begins temperature (S30).
If the temperature of reformer 23 surpasses operation beginning temperature, first and second valves 91 and 92 that then are arranged in the coldplate fluid passage 72 are opened, so that thermal medium (hot water) is supplied to coldplate 36 (S40).At this moment, before hot water supplied to coldplate 36 by first and second valves 91 and 92, the water that before had been stored in the coldplate 36 can be discharged by opening the 3rd valve 93.In addition, hot water can be discharged to the outside by coldplate 36 in new hot water supply in coldplate 36.That is to say, even reached the temperature of the battery pile 30 that also raises continuously under the situation of target limit level for the water level in coldplate 36, can when hot water in the coldplate 36 is discharged coldplate 36 be arrived in new hot water supply will before being stored in by controlling first to the 3rd valve 91,92 and 93.Because hot water supplies to coldplate 36 by coldplate fluid passage 72, the temperature of coldplate 36 raises, and makes the temperature of battery pile 30 also raise.
Because therefore burner 22 continuous heated reformate devices 23 determine whether the temperature of reformer 23 has reached 500 ℃ operating limit temperature (S50).
If the temperature of reformer 23 surpasses the operating limit temperature, then be used for that by control setting water 64 is supplied to the temperature (S60) that the 4th valve 94 of the fluid passage of reformer 23 is regulated reformers 23.When the water 64 with normal temperature supplied to reformer 23, the temperature of reformer 23 reduced.If stop water 64 is supplied to reformer 23, then since the temperature of the heat reformer 23 that burner 22 produces raise once more.
Then, the amount that is stored in the water in the coldplate 36 is compared with the target limit value of this coldplate (S70).
Surpass the target limit value if be stored in the amount of the water in the coldplate 36, then close first valve 91, so that keep being stored in the amount (S80) of the water in the coldplate 36 consistently.As mentioned above, even the water level in the coldplate 36 has reached the target limit value, also can in the hot water discharge that will before be stored in the coldplate 36, coldplate 36 be arrived in new hot water supply, so that the temperature of the battery pile 30 that raises continuously by controlling first to the 3rd valve 91,92 and 93.
Then, determine whether the temperature of shift-converter 26 is higher than the preset temperature of shift-converter 26 (S90).Because reformer 23 is directly by burner 22 heating, so the temperature of reformer 23 raises with high relatively speed.On the contrary, shift-converter 26 is by the heat that produced by reformer 23 or by the steam indirect of reformer 23 heating, makes the temperature of shift-converter 26 be lower than the temperature of reformer 23 and raises with low relatively speed.Owing to compare with the temperature of reformer 23, the temperature of shift-converter 26 raises with low relatively speed, so even the temperature of reformer 23 has been reached for 500 ℃ operating limit temperature of high relatively temperature, the temperature of shift-converter 26 may also not be reached for 100 ℃ preset temperature of low relatively temperature yet.
If the temperature of shift-converter 26 is higher than the preset temperature of shift-converter 26, then fuel cell system 10 is through second operation of initial operation.That is to say whether the temperature of determining battery pile 30 reaches the proper handling temperature (S100) that makes the battery pile 30 that battery pile 30 can normal running.The proper handling temperature of battery pile 30 can be according to the type (that is, high temperature type and low temperature type) of battery pile 30 and is changed.
If the temperature of battery pile 30 is lower than the proper handling temperature of battery pile 30, then first valve 91 cuts out, and the 5th valve 95 is opened.As mentioned above, the 5th valve 95 is arranged on (S110) in the circulation heating circuit 71.Though first operating period the 5th valve 95 can open, the internal temperature of circulation heating circuit 71 may be not enough to the activation heat siphonage.Yet if the temperature of shift-converter 26 surpasses the preset temperature of the shift-converter 26 that is suitable for second operation, the internal temperature of the heating circuit 71 that circulates can be elevated to more than the boiling point of the water that is suitable for the activation heat siphonage.Therefore, if the temperature of battery pile 30 is lower than the proper handling temperature of battery pile 30, then the 5th valve 95 is opened with the activation heat siphonage, thus heating battery heap 30.Because the thermal siphon phenomenon, heat can pass to battery pile 30 by free convection according to the temperature difference and need not to use extra pressurizing unit such as pump, makes the temperature of battery pile 30 effectively and apace to raise.In order to promote free convection, forced circulation device can be increased in the fuel cell system 10.In the case, compare, can reduce the size and the energy consumption of forced circulation device with the situation of not using the thermal siphon phenomenon.
After opening the 5th valve 95, fuel 50 supplies to reformer 23, and the temperature of reformer 23 is regulated (S120) by controlling the 5th valve 95.Fuel 50 desulfurization in by devulcanizer 62 also then is fed into reformer 23.In addition, water 64 supplies to reformer 23 by the 4th valve 94.If the fuel 50 of water 64 and desulfurization supplies to reformer 23, then when producing gas, in reformer 23, carry out reforming reaction.The gas that produces by reforming reaction is fed into shift-converter 26 by passing heat exchanger 24.At this moment, because the temperature of shift-converter 26 surpasses the preset temperature that is suitable for removing CO, therefore the gas by shift-converter 26 can have the CO that is lower than predeterminated level.
When producing gas by shift-converter 26, the 6th valve 96 is opened to supply gas to burner 22 (S130).At this moment, because the temperature of battery pile 30 is lower than the proper handling temperature of battery pile 30, so battery pile 30 may not suitably be operated.Therefore, the gas that is produced by shift-converter 26 does not supply to battery pile 30, but supplies to burner 22.Because the gas that is produced by shift-converter 26 supplies to burner 22, therefore can reduce the amount of fuel 50, perhaps can stop the supply of fuel 50, make fuel cell system 10 to manage economically.
If the temperature of battery pile 30 is lower than the proper handling temperature of battery pile 30, then fuel cell system 10 experience normal runnings.
The normal running of fuel cell system 10 can be by closing the 4th to the 6th valve 94,95 and 96 beginnings (S140).If the 5th valve 95 cuts out, then stop the fluid that in circulation heating circuit 71, flows, make the thermal siphon phenomenon to stop.Therefore, heat can not pass to battery pile 30 by circulation heating circuit 71.If the 4th valve 94 cuts out, then stop water 64 is directly supplied to reformer 23.Close owing to allow to have the 4th valve 94 that the water 64 of normal temperature directly supplies to reformer 23, so even have the water 64 of normal temperature and have between the reformer 23 of high temperature and have temperature difference, reformer 23 can not stand unexpected variations in temperature yet.If the 6th valve 96 cuts out, then produce gas and do not supply to burner 22 by shift-converter 26.
After closing the 4th to the 6th valve 94,95 and 96, second valve 92 cuts out, and the first, the 7th and the 8th valve 91,97 and 98 is opened (S150), so that reformed gas is supplied to battery pile.If first valve 91 is opened, then raise in temperature by water 64 in the heat exchanger 24.The 7th valve 97 is arranged on the fluid passage that the water 64 that is used for having the temperature of rising supplies to reformer 23.Because the first and the 7th valve 91 and 97 has been opened under the closing state at the second and the 4th valve 92 and 94, so reformer 23 receives heated water 64 rather than receives the water with normal temperature, the feasible unexpected variations in temperature that reformer 23 can not occur.If the 8th valve 98 is opened, then will be reformed gas by CO remover 29 supply to battery pile 30.The gas that is produced by shift-converter 26 mixes with extraneous air 66, makes mist supply to CO remover 29.When battery pile 30 is the low temperature type, need CO remover 29.
If reformed gas is supplied with by the 8th valve 98, then battery pile 30 operations (S160).
When battery pile 30 operations, the 9th and the tenth valve 99 and 100 control signals according to controller open and close, and remain on (S170) in the suitable scope with the temperature with battery pile 30.The the 9th and the tenth valve 99 and 100 is arranged in the coolant channels 73.In addition, battery pile 30 produces electric energy, and is attended by a large amount of heats.Therefore, if distribute heat effectively, then battery pile 30 can not normally be operated.For this reason, cooling fluid is supplied to coldplate 36 by the coolant channels 73 that is communicated with coolant reservoir 40, with the temperature of regulating cell heap 30.As mentioned above, the 9th and the tenth valve 99 and 100 is arranged in the coolant channels 73 to regulate the amount of cooling fluid, makes battery pile 30 to operate in suitable temperature range.
Fig. 4 is the schematic diagram that shows the structure of fuel cell system according to a second embodiment of the present invention.Below explanation will concentrate on the structure and element different with element with the structure of first embodiment, and same Reference numeral is used to represent components identical.In addition, the element of change will be represented with reference marker " a ".
Because coldplate fluid passage 72a is directly connected to coolant reservoir 40, so when the first operation beginning, the 9th valve 99 is opened, and makes the hot water of coolant reservoir 40 supply to coldplate 36 by coolant channels 73a.According to second embodiment, similar to first embodiment, when by the 3rd valve 93 or when being arranged on valve (not shown) among the coolant channels 73a and carrying out the initial operation of fuel cell system 10a, can discharge or exchange cooling fluid.
Fig. 5 is the schematic diagram of structure that shows the fuel cell system of a third embodiment in accordance with the invention.Below explanation will concentrate on the structure and element different with element with the structure of first embodiment, and same Reference numeral is used to represent components identical.In addition, the element of change will be represented with reference marker " b ".
The fuel cell system 10b of a third embodiment in accordance with the invention comprises coldplate fluid passage 72b, and described coldplate fluid passage is branched off into the first coldplate fluid passage 74b and the second coldplate fluid passage 76b at separator 78b place.
The first coldplate fluid passage 74b is used for water is directly supplied to the temperature of coldplate 36 with raising battery pile 30, and the second coldplate fluid passage 76b is used for the water from coolant reservoir 40 is supplied to coldplate 36 to improve the temperature of battery pile 30 by coolant channels 73b.
Fig. 6 is the schematic diagram of structure that shows the fuel cell system of a fourth embodiment in accordance with the invention.Below explanation will concentrate on the structure and element different with element with the structure of first embodiment, and same Reference numeral is used to represent components identical.In addition, the element of change will be represented with reference marker " c ".
The fuel cell system 10c of a fourth embodiment in accordance with the invention comprises the CO remover that is arranged on fuel processor 20 and the heat supply passageway 180c between the heat exchanger 24.
When carrying out reforming reaction, the gas that is produced by reformer 23 supplies to CO remover 29 by shift-converter 26 and blender 27.
When second operation of carrying out initial operation and normal running, the gas that is produced by shift-converter 26 supplies to blender 27.
Do not reach in the temperature of battery pile 30 under second mode of operation of proper handling temperature of battery pile 30, in CO remover 29, carry out electrochemical reaction.In addition, can by adjusting supply to blender 27 air measure existing completing combustion, and the heat energy that is produced by CO remover 29 passes to heat exchanger 24.Described heat energy is meant the reaction heat that produces when direction is carried out electrochemical reaction.The forward reaction that carries out in CO remover 29 is exothermic reaction, produces a large amount of heat energy during described exothermic reaction.The CO and the water that will produce during exothermic reaction are discharged to the outside.In addition, by heat supply passageway 180c heat energy is supplied to heat exchanger 24.According to present embodiment, heat supply passageway 180c is arranged between CO remover 29 and the heat exchanger 24.Yet if CO remover 29 contacts with the outside formation face of heat exchanger 24, heat energy can directly supply to heat exchanger 24 from CO remover 29, and making not to need extra heat supply passageway.Simultaneously, under normal mode of operation, the reformed gas of discharging from CO remover 29 supplies to battery pile 30.
Though above embodiment is illustrated about the low form battery pile that adopts the CO remover, can omit the CO remover according to the feature of each parts of the type of battery pile and fuel cell system.
In addition, though CO remover and reformer the foregoing description of heating battery heap simultaneously has been described, also can come the heating battery heap by optionally using CO remover or reformer.
Though shown and some embodiments of the present invention be described, but those of ordinary skill in the art understands, can make change to these embodiment without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention, scope of the present invention limits with claim and equivalent thereof.
Claims (29)
1. method of controlling fuel cell system, described fuel cell system comprise the fuel processor that produces reformed gas and by receive the energy-producing battery pile of described reformed gas from described fuel processor, described method comprises the steps:
Carry out initial operation, the step of described execution initial operation comprises the described fuel processor of operation producing heat energy, to bring up to normal running temperature by the heat energy heat hot medium that produces and with the temperature of described battery pile, and the step that the temperature of described battery pile is brought up to normal running temperature comprises described thermal medium is heated to high temperature; And
Carry out normal running, after the temperature that the step of described execution normal running is included in described battery pile has reached described normal running temperature described reformed gas is supplied to described battery pile.
2. method according to claim 1, wherein, the step of described execution initial operation comprises the steps:
The described thermal medium that will have high temperature supplies to described battery pile; And
Heat described battery pile, the step of the described battery pile of described heating comprises that the circulation heating circuit by being arranged between described fuel processor and the described battery pile makes described thermal medium circulation.
3. method according to claim 2, wherein, described supplying step with thermal medium of high temperature comprises the coldplate that directly described thermal medium is supplied to described battery pile.
4. method according to claim 2, wherein, described supplying step with thermal medium of high temperature comprises by being arranged on the coldplate that coolant reservoir in the described battery pile supplies to described thermal medium described battery pile.
5. method according to claim 2, wherein, described supplying step comprises and simultaneously described thermal medium is supplied to the coldplate of described battery pile and coolant reservoir is provided.
6. method according to claim 2 further comprises the steps:
Make the heat exchanger of described thermal medium by described fuel processor, make and heat described thermal medium, then, after the temperature of the reformer in being arranged on described fuel processor has reached operation beginning temperature, in described first operation, described thermal medium is supplied to described battery pile.
7. method according to claim 2 further comprises the steps:
Described thermal medium is discharged to the outside, wherein after described discharge step, carries out the supplying step of described thermal medium.
8. method according to claim 2 further comprises the steps:
If supply to the upper limit that the amount of the described thermal medium of described battery pile reaches the reception capacity of described battery pile, then stop described thermal medium is supplied to the step of described battery pile.
9. method according to claim 2 further comprises the steps:
If supply to the upper limit that the amount of the described thermal medium of described battery pile reaches the reception capacity of described battery pile, then discharge a part that is stored in the thermal medium in the described battery pile.
10. method according to claim 2 further comprises the steps:
Reach preset temperature if be arranged on the temperature of the shift-converter in the described fuel processor, the step that then stops to supply with the step of described thermal medium and begin to heat described battery pile.
11. method according to claim 10, wherein, the described preset temperature of described shift-converter is 100 ℃.
12. method according to claim 2, wherein, described circulation step comprises by the described thermal medium of described circulation heating circuit forced circulation.
13. method according to claim 2, wherein, described circulation step comprise since the thermal siphon phenomenon by the described circulation heating circuit described thermal medium that circulates.
14. method according to claim 2 further comprises the steps:
Supply fuel to described fuel processor;
Produce reformed gas by the fuel of supplying with; And
The reformed gas that produces is supplied to the burner of described fuel processor.
15. method according to claim 14 further comprises the steps:
If the temperature of described battery pile surpasses the proper handling temperature of described battery pile, supply to described burner in the step of the temperature that stops to improve described battery pile and with described reformed gas after, described reformed gas is supplied to described battery pile.
16. method according to claim 1 further comprises the steps:
For described fuel processor is provided with reformer; And
When the temperature of described reformer was higher than the operating limit temperature of described reformer, the described thermal medium that will have normal temperature supplied to described reformer to regulate the temperature of described reformer.
17. method according to claim 1 further comprises the steps:
For described fuel processor is provided with reformer; And
When the temperature of described reformer was higher than the operating limit temperature of described reformer, the described thermal medium of heat exchanger heats that will be by described fuel processor supplied to described reformer to regulate the temperature of described reformer.
18. method according to claim 1, wherein, described thermal medium comprises water.
19. method according to claim 2, wherein, described fuel processor comprises reformer, carbon monoxide removal device and shift-converter, and described method further comprises the steps:
The described thermal medium of at least a heating in the heat energy that produces by the heat energy that produces by described reformer with by described carbon monoxide removal device.
20. method according to claim 19 further comprises the steps:
To supply to described carbon monoxide removal device to operate described carbon monoxide removal device with air by the gas that described reformer and described shift-converter produce; And
To supply to the heat exchanger of described fuel processor by the heat energy that described carbon monoxide removal device produces.
21. a fuel cell system comprises:
Produce the fuel processor of reformed gas;
By receive the energy-producing battery pile of described reformed gas from described fuel processor; And
The circulation heating circuit, described circulation heating circuit is arranged between described fuel processor and the described battery pile, so that in initial operation, utilize the temperature that improves described battery pile by the heat of described fuel processor generation, wherein,
Described circulation heating circuit comprises:
Thermal medium is supplied to the coldplate fluid passage of described battery pile from described fuel processor; And
Make described thermal medium turn back to the circulating fluid path of described fuel processor from described battery pile.
22. fuel cell system according to claim 21, wherein, described fuel processor comprises heat exchanger, and described battery pile comprises coldplate, and described coldplate fluid passage is formed between described heat exchanger and the described coldplate.
23. fuel cell system according to claim 21, wherein, described fuel processor comprises heat exchanger, and described battery pile comprises coolant reservoir, and described coldplate fluid passage is formed between described heat exchanger and the described coolant reservoir.
24. fuel cell system according to claim 21, wherein, described fuel processor comprises heat exchanger, described battery pile comprises liquid cooling unit and coolant reservoir, and described coldplate fluid passage is formed at described heat exchanger and is arranged between the described coldplate in the described battery pile and between described heat exchanger and the described coolant reservoir.
25. fuel cell system according to claim 21 further comprises being installed in the described coldplate fluid passage with first valve of the supply of controlling described thermal medium and being installed in the described circulating fluid path second valve with the circulation of controlling described thermal medium.
26. fuel cell system according to claim 21, further comprise be arranged in the described battery pile with discharge be stored in the thermal medium in the described coldplate coldplate, extend to outside discharge pipe and be installed in the described discharge pipe valve with the discharge of controlling described thermal medium.
27. fuel cell system according to claim 21, wherein, described fuel processor comprises reformer, and described reformer comprises that the described thermal medium that will have normal temperature supplies to the first fluid path of described reformer and second fluid passage that supplies to described reformer from described coldplate fluid passage branch with the described thermal medium that will have high temperature.
28. fuel cell system according to claim 21, wherein, described fuel processor comprises heat exchanger and the carbon monoxide removal device that reduces the content of carbon monoxide, and the heat energy that is produced by described carbon monoxide removal device supplies to described heat exchanger.
29. fuel cell system according to claim 28, wherein, at least one outer surface of described carbon monoxide removal device contacts with at least one outer surface face of described heat exchanger, and heat energy is supplied to described heat exchanger by the face contact portion between described carbon monoxide removal device and the described heat exchanger from described carbon monoxide removal device.
Applications Claiming Priority (6)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| KR10-2008-0038540 | 2008-04-25 | ||
| KR1020080038540A KR20090112822A (en) | 2008-04-25 | 2008-04-25 | Fuel cell system and control method thereof |
| KR1020080038540 | 2008-04-25 | ||
| KR10-2008-0039464 | 2008-04-28 | ||
| KR1020080039464 | 2008-04-28 | ||
| KR1020080039464A KR20090113639A (en) | 2008-04-28 | 2008-04-28 | Fuel cell system and control method thereof |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN101567456A true CN101567456A (en) | 2009-10-28 |
| CN101567456B CN101567456B (en) | 2014-09-03 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN200910133194.1A Expired - Fee Related CN101567456B (en) | 2008-04-25 | 2009-04-15 | Fuel cell system and control method thereof |
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| Country | Link |
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| KR (1) | KR20090112822A (en) |
| CN (1) | CN101567456B (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN111989808A (en) * | 2018-04-26 | 2020-11-24 | 美科股份有限公司 | Fuel cell system |
Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US20030118883A1 (en) * | 2001-12-26 | 2003-06-26 | Breault Richard D. | Fuel cell power plant having a reduced free water volume |
| JP2008001546A (en) * | 2006-06-21 | 2008-01-10 | Agc Techno Glass Co Ltd | Visibility correction filter glass and visibility correction filter |
-
2008
- 2008-04-25 KR KR1020080038540A patent/KR20090112822A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
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2009
- 2009-04-15 CN CN200910133194.1A patent/CN101567456B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US20030118883A1 (en) * | 2001-12-26 | 2003-06-26 | Breault Richard D. | Fuel cell power plant having a reduced free water volume |
| JP2008001546A (en) * | 2006-06-21 | 2008-01-10 | Agc Techno Glass Co Ltd | Visibility correction filter glass and visibility correction filter |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN111989808A (en) * | 2018-04-26 | 2020-11-24 | 美科股份有限公司 | Fuel cell system |
| CN111989808B (en) * | 2018-04-26 | 2023-10-27 | 美科电力有限公司 | fuel cell system |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN101567456B (en) | 2014-09-03 |
| KR20090112822A (en) | 2009-10-29 |
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