CN101566053B - 便于井眼处理和开采的系统和方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
一种钻井系统和方法。一种能同时布置处理设备和滤筛组件而用于开采过程中的技术。该技术使用布置在井眼中的多级钻井处理系统以沿着所述井眼处理所述多个部分。另外,多个滤筛组件被定位于所述多个部分,并且每个滤筛组件包含阀以控制流体流过所述滤筛组件。
Description
背景技术
压裂操作在钻井中进行,以改善开采流体从周围地层流入到井眼中。可以采用各种压裂技术,现有系统能使多级增产措施沿着所述井眼予以进行。所述压裂技术包括用泵将压裂流体注入井下并注入到周围地层中以最终改善开采流体流过所述地层并流入所述井眼中。
在单独的过程中,防沙完井能被布置在所述井眼中。当流体从周围地层流入所述井眼中时,所述防沙完井便于从所述井眼开采流体例如石油。防沙部件过滤例如流入井眼的流体以除去颗粒物。该过滤能通过沙筛和/或砾石充填物得以实现。例如,具有沙筛的完井可布置在井眼中,并且砾石充填物能形成在围绕所述完井的环形空间中以过滤流入的开采流体。
发明内容
通常,本发明提供了一种系统和方法,该系统和方法能同时使用压裂装备和滤筛组件用于开采过程中。钻井系统包含多级处理系统,该多级处理系统布置在井眼中以便能沿着所述井眼处理例如压裂多个部分和/或区域。所述钻井系统还包含布置在多个部分和/或区域处的多个滤筛组件。每个滤筛组件包含阀门以控制例如开采流体从周围地层流过所述滤筛组件。
附图说明
在下文中将参照所述附图描述本发明的某些实施例,其中相同的附图标记表示相同的元件;以及
图1是根据本发明的实施例布置在井眼中的钻井系统的示意性正视图;
图2是根据本发明的钻井系统的一个例子的示意图,其中处理流体流动阀和滤筛组件布置在单个钻井系统在井眼中;
图3是图示使用根据本发明的实施例的钻井系统的过程的流程图;以及
图4是表示使用根据本发明的实施例的钻井系统的另一方面的流程图。
具体实施方式
在下面的描述中,阐述了许多细节以理解本发明。然而,本领域内的技术人员将理解到本发明没有这些细节也可实施,以及理解到能够从描述的实施例得出许多变化或修改。
本发明一般涉及一种系统和方法以便于井处理,例如压裂处理,以及随后从处理过的钻井中开采流体。一般地,钻井系统探入井眼中并被启动以沿着所述井眼隔离多个部分。所述钻井系统包含流动阀,该流动阀能被用来将处理流体,例如压裂流体,注入到每个部分。所述钻井系统还包含多个滤筛(screen)组件,通过这些滤筛组件例如开采流体能在处理过程之后流入到所述钻井系统。每个滤筛组件还可包括隔离阀,该隔离阀能用来沿着井眼在特定的隔离部分选择性地减小或阻挡流体通过特定的滤筛组件。
所述钻井系统还包含多级系统,该多级系统具有几组隔离装置,例如,封隔器,它布置在井眼中以隔离井眼部分。这些封隔器能用于下有套管的井孔或无套管井孔的完井以将钻井分成可管理的多个部分。这些可管理的部分能进行激励,并且可以后开采,这对由几对封隔器包围的层段是特有的。
另外,所述钻井系统能被用来在许多类型的钻井中实现各种井处理过程,这些类型的钻井包括垂直井以及偏斜井,例如水平井。这些钻井系统还能在包括高压环境、H2S环境以及CO2环境的许多钻井环境中被用于下有套管的井孔或无套管井孔的应用中。所述处理和开采活动是在砂石、碳酸盐、页岩、煤或其他类型的地层。
在本发明的一些实施例中,球、捞砂筒(dart)或其他合适的装置会落入井眼,或分配在其中的任何管道中以切断流动。在一些例子中,所述球、捞砂筒或其他合适的装置会在井下由座例如用于球的球座所接收。如在此所使用的,术语“座”或“球座”表示临时压力密封座,该临时压力密封座允许物体着陆并使得临时压力密封动态转换。这些座还可任选通过使用导线或管状柱被机械地转换从而施加向上或向下力以机械地使套管变换为打开或闭合,同样地,不会被限制为仅动态变换的应用中。
一般参照图1,钻井系统20的一个实施例被表示为布置在井眼22中。钻井系统20被设计成以实现井处理过程和防沙从而便于开采。如图所示,钻井系统20包含与具有滤筛组件28的防沙系统26结合的多级处理系统24,其中所述滤筛组件28作为从周围地层30进入井眼22和钻井系统20的主要流动通道.
多级处理系统24和防沙系统26经由输送用具34例如管道被结合于布置在井眼22中的单个管柱/完井32中。在图示的例子中,钻井系统20被布置在一般为垂直的钻井中,其中该垂直钻井从地面钻机36或布置在地面位置38处的布置装备向下延伸。然而,钻井系统20还能被布置到偏斜的井眼中,例如水平井眼。
多级处理系统24包含能打开以沿着井眼24隔离部分42的多个隔离装置40,例如封隔器。多级处理系统24还包含多个流动阀44,至少一个流动阀44布置在相邻封隔器40之间的每个部分42中。流动阀44能用来在处理过程中将处理流体引向/喷射到每个隔离井部分42。例如,流动阀44能用来将压裂流体引入到每个钻井部分42的周围地层30中以压裂所希望的地层区,因此促进开采流体流动到井眼22。在许多应用中,所述处理过程在特定的井眼部分42进行,并且从一个钻井部分42进入到下一个钻井部分。在特定的应用中,多级处理系统24通过将流动阀44放置在多个钻井部分42的外部封隔器40之间而实施井增产措施。封隔器40用来将所述钻井分割成可管理的部分,这些可管理的部分能对由层段/钻井部分每个端部处的封隔器所界定的层段进行增产和开采。增产过程的例子包括矩阵增产、酸压裂增产以及支承压裂增产。
一旦完成所述处理过程,开采流体能从地层30的各个区域流入每个隔离井部分42处的滤筛组件28中。在图示的实施例中,封隔器40、流动阀44以及滤筛组件28被安装在管形构件46上。该管形构件46能用来将处理流体引向流动阀44以及还能穿过滤筛组件28接收开采流体,例如,石油。
在图1中,封隔器40已被布置在井眼22中并准备抵靠周围的井眼壁48促动。根据具体的应用,井眼壁48可以是无套管的井眼的壁或有套管的井眼中的套筒。在无套管的井眼中,封隔器40包含能抵靠无套管井眼设置的无套管井眼封隔器。然而,封隔器还能被选择为抵靠井眼套筒促动。在后者的例子中,穿过每个隔离井眼部分42的井眼套筒形成穿孔以边能在地层30和井眼22之间流动。
参照图2,更详细地图示了钻井系统20的一个实施例。如图所示,封隔器40已抵靠井眼壁48促动并展开以隔离井部分42。在该实施例中,每个流动阀44包含滑动套管50和与滑动套管50协作的球座52以经由穿过管柱32落下的球切断流动。可以促动滑动套管50,阻塞流体从管道线32内部流动到特定钻井部分42内的周围地层30。这些球还能沿着隔离钻井部分42之间的管柱32阻塞流动。在一些实施例中,从一个流动阀44到下一个流动阀,球座52具有不同的直径,随着处理每个连续井部分42而依次关闭流动阀44。然而,应当注意到,其他类型的阀或机构也能用来控制处理流体通过所述管柱流入每个钻井部分42。
在图2所示的例子中,每个滤筛组件28包含滤筛54和与每个滤筛54集成在一起的一个或更多隔离阀56。如图所示,一些滤筛组件28包含单个隔离阀56,而另一些滤筛组件包含多个隔离阀56,这取决于例如布置在连续封隔器40之间的钻井部分42的尺寸。在该实施例中,每个隔离阀56包含滑动套管58和与滑动套管58一起协作的球座60。使用与滤筛54集成在一起的滑动套管58通过减小或阻塞选定钻井部分42的开采量,可以提供适应性控制。例如,在以后的钻井寿命周期中,促动特定滑动套管58能在对应钻井部分出现不希望的流体/气体时,阻塞流体通过给定的滤筛组件28。
一旦钻井系统20布置在井眼22中,砾石充填物62形成在包围每个滤筛54的环形空间中。砾石填充层64通过滤筛54和周围地层30的机械封壳被固定在环形空间中并且作为除了滤筛54之外的过滤介质。砾石充填物62能形成在无套管的井孔或有套管的井孔中。在图2所示的实施例中,例如,井眼22套有带穿孔区域66的井眼套筒64,在注入或开采流体的过程中,流体穿过穿孔区域66连通于地层30和井眼22之间。砾石砂浆、压裂流体或其他处理流体能经由合适的维修工具67被传送到希望的钻井部分42。如图所示,维修工具67可包含管道,例如盘管,其向下穿过管柱32的中心。
钻井系统20能用于各种井处理和开采应用中。在一个应用例中,处理管柱32初始布置在井眼22中,如图3的流程图中的块68所示。一旦滤筛组件28和流动阀44布置在所述井眼中,所述钻井部分经由封隔器40沿着井眼22被隔离,如块70所示。在过程的该阶段,处理过程能得以实施,如块72所示。所述处理过程包含压裂过程,其中压裂流体经由位于特定钻井部分中的流动阀44被注入每个钻井部分42。另外或者作为替代方案,所述处理过程可包含充填过程,例如砾石充填过程,其中砾石充填物62形成在每个钻井部分42中。多级处理系统24和其流动阀44允许将支撑剂放置在滤筛组件28周围的环形部分中。
在完成所希望的钻井处理或多种处理之后,希望的地层流体能经由滤筛组件28流入到井眼22中并流入到管柱32中,如块74所示。滤筛组件28的隔离阀56能根据需要限制或关闭流体通过特定的滤筛组件,以改进开采,如块76所示。例如,一个或更多钻井部分42可以在所述钻井的使用寿命过程中在某些点处开始产生气体、水或其他不希望的流体。当对应的钻井部分42不再充分产生希望的开采流体例如石油时,使用集成隔离阀56能使操作人员选择性地阻挡这些不希望的流体通过对应的滤筛54流入。
根据用来从地层30产生流体的环境和完井,可以调节增产和开采过程。在图4中,以流程图的形式图示了用于处理钻井并且从该钻井进行开采的过程的另一例子。在该例子中,初始准备所述钻井,如块78所示。准备所述钻井包括钻井、套井、从现有的钻井去除旧的完井、减小完井外壳的量,让每个层段/部分有机会以其全容量开采,或设计成便于钻井处理和开采的其他过程。例如可在多个压力较低的沙体、不牢固的地层中准备所述钻井。该钻井还可在成熟油田中准备,这些成熟油田用来经由人工采油机构例如高效的电动浸没式泵送系统从多个区域进行开采。
准备好所述井眼之后,在每个井部分42中形成穿孔66,如块80所示。所述钻井系统然后运行到井孔中,如块82所示,设置封隔器40以隔离钻井部分42。然后在每个被隔离钻井部分42中执行处理过程,如块84所示。作为例子,所述处理过程可包含在每个隔离井区42处连续实施压裂过程和/或充填过程。在处理过程之后,可以对所述井眼进行最终清理过程,如块86所示。
然后最终完井运行到井下,如块88所示。所述最终完井可以包含与开采有关的各种完井,包括设计成将流体人工开采到希望的收集地的完井。例如,电动浸没式泵送系统输送到井下以泵送收集在钻井系统20内的流体。最终完井就绪之后,所述钻井能进行开采以将开采流体传送到希望的收集地,如块90所示。在开采过程中,滤筛组件28的滑动套管58使流体开采集中因此便于确定具有较高的含水石油或较高的气体注入量的钻井部分42。
如上所述,钻井系统20能被构造成用于许多环境和应用的各种结构。另外,这些部件的尺寸和结构能根据环境和根据处理或开采参数予以调节。各种封隔器或其他隔离装置能用于无套管的井孔以及有套管的井孔中。而且,各种类型的滤筛54和隔离阀56能用在滤筛组件28中。例如,隔离阀56可包含能在开口流动和闭合流动结构之间被启动的各种类型的阀门。在一些实施例中,隔离阀56可被选择性地动作到允许一些流动的流动减小位置。另外,流动阀44能被选择成以容纳各种处理流体和处理过程。
因此,虽然在以上已经仅详细描述了本发明的一些实施例,但是本领域内的技术人员将容易认识到在实质上不背离本发明的教导的范围内可进行许多修改。这些修改规定为包括在由权利要求限定的本发明的范围内。
Claims (15)
1.一种钻井系统,包含:
管形构件,其布置在井眼中;
多个封隔器,其布置在围绕所述管形构件的环形空间中以将所述井眼分成隔离部分;
多个流动阀,其布置在所述管形构件上以在每个隔离部分中提供至少一个流动阀从而控制所述管形构件内部和所述环形空间之间的流动,其中所述多个流动阀包含多个滑动套管;以及
多个滤筛组件,其布置在所述管形构件上,并使至少一个滤筛组件位于每个隔离部分中,每个滤筛组件具有隔离阀以控制所述环形空间和所述管形构件的内部之间的流动。
2.如权利要求1所述的钻井系统,其中每个隔离阀包含滑动套管。
3.如权利要求1所述的钻井系统,还包含设置在每个滤筛组件周围的砾石充填物。
4.如权利要求1所述的钻井系统,其中每个流动阀包含一个或更多球座或捞砂筒座。
5.如权利要求1所述的钻井系统,其中每个隔离阀包含一个或更多球座或捞砂筒座。
6.如权利要求1所述的钻井系统,其中所述多个封隔器包含无套管井孔的封隔器。
7.一种借助如前述权利要求中任一项所述的钻井系统改进钻井开采的方法,所述方法包含:
将管形构件布置在井眼中;
沿着围绕所述管形构件的环形空间隔离多个部分;
通过将压裂流体向下传送穿过所述管形构件并穿过每个部分处的流动阀流出而在每个部分处执行压裂过程;
使流体穿过具有隔离阀的滤筛组件流入每个部分处的管形构件中;以及
选择性关闭隔离阀以阻挡流体流过特定滤筛组件。
8.如权利要求7所述的方法,其中隔离步骤包含启动多个封隔器。
9.如权利要求8所述的方法,其中所述启动步骤包含启动无套管井孔的封隔器。
10.如权利要求7所述的方法,其中所述执行步骤包含连续压裂每个部分。
11.如权利要求7所述的方法,还包含围绕每个滤筛组件充填砾石。
12.一种钻井系统,包含:
多级压裂系统,布置在井眼中以沿着所述井眼压裂多个部分,其中所述多级压裂系统包含:多个封隔器,以沿着所述井眼隔离所述多个部分、以及多个流动阀,压裂流体通过该流动阀在选定部分被导引到周围地层;
多个滤筛组件,布置在所述多个部分处,每个滤筛组件具有阀以控制流体流入所述滤筛组件;以及
管形构件,该管形构件承载所述多个封隔器、所述多个流动阀以及所述多个滤筛组件;
其中每个阀和每个流动阀包括滑动套管。
13.如权利要求12所述的钻井系统,还包含沉积在每个滤筛组件周围的砾石充填物。
14.一种压裂方法,包含:
沿着管形构件定位封隔器以建立多个部分;
在所述多个部分的每个部分中安装压裂流动阀,其中所述流动阀包含滑动套管;
将滤筛组件定位在所述多个部分中的每个部分中;
为每个滤筛组件提供阀以控制流体流过所述滤筛组件;
在井眼内启动封隔器以沿着所述井眼隔离所述多个部分;以及
连续压裂每个部分。
15.如权利要求14所述的压裂方法,还包含使开采流体穿过至少一个所述滤筛组件流入所述管形构件中。
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US12/106,809 | 2008-04-21 |
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