CN101561245A - Bridge strain detection sensor based on wireless sensing network interface - Google Patents
Bridge strain detection sensor based on wireless sensing network interface Download PDFInfo
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- CN101561245A CN101561245A CNA2009100225150A CN200910022515A CN101561245A CN 101561245 A CN101561245 A CN 101561245A CN A2009100225150 A CNA2009100225150 A CN A2009100225150A CN 200910022515 A CN200910022515 A CN 200910022515A CN 101561245 A CN101561245 A CN 101561245A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a bridge strain detection sensor based on a wireless sensing network interface. A data collecting module of the sensor is connected with a weak signal conditioning amplifier module, the weak signal conditioning amplifier module is connected with a data processing module, the data processing module is connected with a wireless transmission module, the wireless transmitting module is connected with a wireless receiving module, and finally the wireless receiving module is connected with a PC terminal; an ATmega 128L single chip in the data processing module is provided with an eight-channel tens-place ADC switching port, so that the strain detection sensor can detect the strain signals of eight channels, thus a CC 2420 radio frequency chip of the wireless transmitting module is used for carrying out wireless transmitting. And the signals are received by the wireless receiving module and then transmitted to the PC terminal by an SPI bus. The invention can detect the bearing capacity of the bridge and verify and develop the structural design of the bridge, and has the characteristics of no wiring, high detection efficiency, real-time detection, etc.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of bridge load detection technique, particularly a kind of bridge strain detection sensor based on wireless sensing network interface.
Background technology
Bridge strain detects aspects such as scientific research at bridge, design and construction, examination and all plays an important role.The bridge strain that bridge strain detection method commonly used at present is based on wired cable transmission detects.
During the bridge strain of wired cable transmission detected, transmission all adopted the wire cable mode to finish.At first, though this technological means has the advantage of data transmission efficiency height and technology maturation, but in the Longspan Bridge structured testing, continuous increase along with the bridge span footpath, thereby number of sensors and wire cable consumption increase severely thereupon, cause on-the-spot arranging and withdraw that the wire cable workload is big, test period is long, efficient is low, even may cause the wire cable installation work amount of several kms to be difficult to carry out.Numerous wire cable complex distribution is in disorder, and the loss that is difficult to remedy etc. is brought in easy wrong line position for the data processing in later stage.Secondly, adopt analog signal transmission in traditional wired cable transmission mode, make to be easy to generate between the cable and crosstalk.Moreover, signal is subjected to temperature, electromagnetic interference particularly evident.Thereby cause data not detect information by the correct response bridge strain.At last, present existing bridge strain detection sensor costs an arm and a leg, thereby is not suitable for China's national consumption level.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, a kind of bridge strain detection sensor based on wireless sensing network interface is provided.Because data transmission adopts digital signal between sensor and the Sink node, this just effectively raises the anti-interference of data.And the present invention integrates collection, processing, wireless transmission height, thereby the integrated level of this node improves greatly.
Technical scheme of the present invention is achieved in that
A kind of bridge strain detection sensor based on wireless sensing network interface, comprise data acquisition module, weak signal conditioning amplifier module, data processing module, wireless transport module, wireless receiving module, 5V supply module and 3.3V supply module seven parts composition, the data acquisition module of this sensor is connected with weak signal conditioning amplification module, and these two parts are powered by the 5V supply module.Weak signal conditioning amplification module is connected with data processing module, and data processing module is connected with wireless transport module, and wireless transport module is connected with wireless receiving module, and last wireless receiving module connects the PC terminal by spi bus.Wireless transport module and wireless receiving module are to provide voltage by the 3.3V supply module.
Wherein the singlechip chip ATmega128L in the data processing module has ten ADC conversion port of eight passages, this strain detection sensor can detect the strain signal of eight passages in view of the above, thereby carries out wireless transmission by the radio frequency chip CC2420 of wireless transport module.
Data acquisition module is made up of a balanced bridge, the foil gauge that comprises two 1K in the electric bridge inserts respectively from Q1 and Q2, the potentiometer R1 and the R2 of two Precision trimmings, half brachium pontis of electric bridge is made of a foil gauge and a Precision trimming potentiometer series connection, non-earth terminal at two potentiometers, draw the differential input signal of two signal wires as amplification module, when foil gauge during because of stressed generation deformation, the electric bridge out of trim, thereby generation differential signal, this differential signal is connected with weak signal conditioning amplifier module, inserts 2,3 pin of the instrument amplifier AD620AN of weak signal conditioning amplifier module.
Bias voltage comes down to a voltage divider, be composed in series by the resistance of a 1K and the Precision trimming potentiometer of a 2K, and at the voltage of its two ends adding+5V, draw 5 pins that a signal line inserts instrument amplifier AD620AN from the tie point of resistance and potentiometer then, in order to negative voltage is become positive voltage.Pin 6 outputs amplification back voltage.Analog-to-digital conversion (ADC) port of the singlechip chip ATMega128L that this voltage signal is linked to each other with data processing module.Voltage signal is converted into digital signal through A/D, and this digital signal is linked to each other with the radio frequency chip CC2420 of wireless transport module.
The data communication of data processing module and wireless transport module is based on spi bus, the corresponding port SI of radio frequency chip CC2420 in the wireless transport module, SO, CSN, SCLK respectively with data processing module in MOSI, MISO, SS, the SCK port of singlechip chip ATMega128L link to each other with the realization data communication.The signal of this wireless transmission is a digital signal, and the CC2420 transmission frequency has 16 transmission channels at 2.4G～2.4835GHz, and the path of transmission is determined by the routing iinformation of routing simulation platform generation, thereby the multi-hop wireless of realizing data transmits.
The combination of data processing module and wireless transport module has realized the processing and the wireless transmission of data.Their combination is the same with the wireless receiving module structure, and its difference is: data processing module is to be connected with weak signal conditioning amplifier module, realizes the AD conversion of data, by radio frequency chip data is carried out wireless transmission then; And wireless receiving module is the total sink nodes of whole radio sensing network.Be to be used for being connected, realize having received coming from the data that transport module sends with host computer.
Wireless receiving module is made up of AVR singlechip chip ATMega128L, storer AT45DB041 and radio frequency chip CC2420 and peripheral circuit, and the digital signal that it arrives wireless receiving is carried out serial communication by spi bus and PC terminal.AVCC, VCC port link to each other with 8 ports of 3.3V supply module among the ATmega128L.28,30,48 and 27 pins of ATmega128L are interconnected with 1,2,4 and 8 pins of storer AT45DB041 respectively, to realize the communication between single-chip microcomputer and the supplementary storage.Pin 10,11,12 and 13 ports interconnect with 31,32,33 and 34 pins of CC2420 respectively, to realize the data communication between single-chip microcomputer and the radio frequency chip.The pin 51,50 and 49 of ATmega128L inserts three light emitting diodes respectively, is used for representing data transmit status, data receiving state and route accepting state.Pin 2 links to each other with the serial ports of host computer with 3, in order to realize communicating by letter between Sink node and the host computer.The active crystal oscillator of ATmega128L pin 18 and 19 external 32.768KHz, the passive crystal oscillator of pin 23 and 24 external 7.3728MHz, two crystal oscillators of ATmega128L are respectively applied for the duty and the dormant state of node.CC2420 only needs few peripheral component, and its peripheral circuit comprises crystal oscillator clock circuit, radio frequency I/O match circuit and three parts of microcontroller interface circuit.The external 16MHz crystal oscillator of 38,39 pins of CC2420 and two 22pF load capacitances.Radio frequency I/O match circuit is mainly used to the input and output impedance of matching chip, and making its input and output impedance is 50 Ω, and PA and the LNA for chip internal provides direct current biasing simultaneously.CC2420 can be provided with the mode of operation of chip and realize the data cached read/write status register of read/write etc. by 4 line spi bus (SI, SO, SCLK, CSn).State by control FIFO and FIFOP pin interface can be provided with emission/reception buffer.
At first data acquisition module is to form Wheatstone bridge by the accurate adjustable potentiometer of arranging distributed equidistant a plurality of foil gauges and same number on the least favorable sagging moment cross section of bridge, thereby can measure differential signal---the pressure deformation signal of real-time representative bridge physical characteristics.Then this signal is inserted in the weak signal conditioning amplifier, by the AD620AN chip, the simulating signal that collects is carried out appropriateness amplifies, system carries out the A/D conversion by data processing core chip AVR single-chip microcomputer with the data that receive, by special radio frequency chip CC2420 this digital signal is converted to Frame then, and sends to the Sink node with the 802.15.4 protocol mode.Last wireless receiving module communicates by spi bus and host computer.Host computer obtains detecting data by the parse for frame form.Thereby the health status of bridge structure and damage status made analyze accurately in real time and judge.
The present invention has the following advantages:
1, this bridge strain detection sensor adopts the IEEE802.15.4/Zigbee agreement to carry out data transmission.Avoided traditional bridge strain detecting equipment to connect up on a large scale, realized that testing process need not wiring, sense cycle shortens, advantages such as efficient raising.
2, sensor adopts the digital signal wireless transmission, has avoided in the wire transmission simulating signal easily to produce each cable and has crosstalked and be subject to problems such as temperature, Electromagnetic Interference.Thereby effectively raise antijamming capability.
3, this bridge strain detection sensor have volume little, be convenient for carrying and low power consumption and other advantages.Because data acquisition, signal condition, data processing and data wireless transport module all adopt the low-power consumption chip, single-chip microcomputer has unique sleep pattern in addition, thereby has effectively guaranteed the low-power consumption of sensor and network and the characteristics of high life.
4, adopt the transfer rate and the Sink node that are not less than 250kbps to communicate between the sensor, and the intermediate multi-hop pattern of transmission employing, thereby improve safety of data transmission, prolonged transmission range, be suitable for the detection of Longspan Bridge.
Node has realized need not wiring, strong interference immunity, transfer rate height among the present invention, detect technological difficulties such as the bridge span footpath is big, test period shortening, finished a high precision, high real-time, the exploitation of the hyperchannel bridge strain detection sensor with wireless sensing network interface of high performance-price ratio.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the system architecture process flow diagram
Fig. 2 is a circuit design drawing
(a) data acquisition module and weak signal conditioning amplifier connecting circuit figure
(b) the singlechip chip circuit diagram in the data processing module
(c) the radio frequency chip circuit diagram in wireless transport module and the wireless receiving module
(d) 5V supply module circuit diagram
(e) 3.3V supply module circuit diagram
Fig. 3 is a functional block diagram of the present invention;
Fig. 4 is the slave computer software process flow diagram of radio sensing network.
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing content of the present invention is described in further detail.
Embodiment
Hyperchannel bridge strain detection sensor with wireless sensing network interface of the present invention is by the adhesive type strain gauge bridge, and compositions such as filtering circuit, singlechip chip ATmega128L, CC2420 radio circuit and computing machine are nursed one's health in power-supplying circuit, amplification.
With reference to shown in Figure 1, data acquisition module links to each other the deformation when being used to gather the bridge pressurized with weak signal conditioning amplification module.The bridge diagram that this data acquisition module is made up of foil gauge and Precision trimming potentiometer.The millivolt step voltage that signal condition will be gathered is sent to data processing module then and carries out the A/D conversion by amplification filtering to 0～3.3V scope.Data processing module by the ATmega128L chip with and supply module form.This single-chip microcomputer has 10 ADC ports of 8 passages, has guaranteed accurately high characteristics of A/D conversion accuracy.Data processing module links to each other with wireless transport module, is used for the digital signal after the conversion is carried out wireless transmission by built-in PCB antenna.This wireless transport module can send data to the Sink node, also can receive the wireless route that is sent by Sink simultaneously.Frame arrives the Sink node with the protocol mode based on 802.15.4 by the PCB antenna transmission.Wireless receiving module links to each other with the PC terminal.The Sink node carries out frame with the Frame that receives resolves, and extracts needed detection data.Because the data that collect this moment are information of voltage, this just need carry out physical quantity by strainmeter and demarcate.Thereby PC can show the bridge load parameter that collects.
With reference to shown in Figure 2, data acquisition module is made up of a balanced bridge, and data acquisition provides this part circuit to be connected operating voltage with weak signal conditioning amplifier module by the 5V supply module, and the VCC end among this figure connects 5 ports of 5V supply module.The foil gauge (inserting respectively) that comprises two 1K in the electric bridge from Q1 and Q2, the potentiometer of two Precision trimmings (R1 and R2), half brachium pontis of electric bridge is made of a foil gauge and a Precision trimming potentiometer series connection, at the non-earth terminal of two potentiometers, draw the differential input signal of two signal wires as amplification module.When foil gauge during, electric bridge out of trim, thereby produce differential signal because of stressed generation deformation.This differential signal is connected with weak signal conditioning amplifier module, and 2,3 pin that insert the instrument amplifier AD620AN of weak signal conditioning amplifier module amplify conditioning.Weak signal conditioning amplifier module mainly is made up of instrument amplifier chip AD620AN.Provide output offset voltage by pin 5, the voltage after pin 6 output conditionings are amplified.
Because the ADC port of single-chip microcomputer can only be discerned positive voltage, and that the amplification of differential signal output has is positive and negative, therefore adds bias voltage in weak signal conditioning amplifier module.Bias voltage is a voltage divider, be composed in series by the resistance of a 1K and the Precision trimming potentiometer of a 2K, purpose make the signal that amplifies output be always on the occasion of.AD620AN amplifies output pin (6 pin) and links to each other with the A/D conversion pin (59 pin) of AVR single-chip microcomputer.
Shown in Fig. 2 (b), AVCC, VCC port link to each other with 8 ports of 3.3V supply module in the chip.28,30,48 and 27 pins of this chip are interconnected with 1,2,4 and 8 pins of storer AT45DB041 respectively, to realize the communication between single-chip microcomputer and the supplementary storage.Pin 10,11,12 and 13 ports interconnect with 31,32,33 and 34 pins of CC2420 respectively, to realize the data communication between single-chip microcomputer and the radio frequency chip.Pin 51,50 and 49 inserts three light emitting diodes respectively, is used for representing data transmit status, data receiving state and route accepting state.Pin 2 links to each other with the serial ports of host computer with 3, in order to realize communicating by letter between Sink node and the host computer.The active crystal oscillator of pin 18 and 19 external 32.768KHz, the passive crystal oscillator of pin 23 and 24 external 7.3728MHz, two crystal oscillators of this system are respectively applied for the duty and the dormant state of node.Since in the process of wireless transmission in order to prolong the distance of transmission, the spy has adopted the mode of multi-hop relay, this mode can make the processor of certain node compile lot of data, and the storage space of processor inside is very limited, added supplementary storage module---AT45DB041 at this, this memory module comprises 2048 pages, and each page has the space of 264 bytes, thereby has increased the memory capacity of each processing node greatly.Communicating by letter between single-chip microcomputer and the supplementary storage is based on spi bus, and single-chip microcomputer under the clock control of strictness, is finished the read-write operation to supplementary storage according to the read-write operation sign indicating number of supplementary storage.
Shown in Fig. 2 (c), 8 ports of 3.3V supply module link to each other with the DVDD_3.3V port of CC2420 chip, and chip operating voltage is provided.Reset on (21 pin), the initial separator of frame (27 pin), channel idle zone bit (28 pin), FIFO (29 pin), FIFOP (30 pin), chip selection signal (31 pin), SPI clock signal (32 pin), SPI input (33 pin), SPI output (34 pin), voltage adjuster enable (41 pin) and link to each other with ATmega128L.It adopts the SPI interface, and when the CS step-down, the SPI communication cycle of CC2420 begins.After chip " selected ", begin to drive the SCLK clock signal.At SCLK signal rising edge, CC2420 takes a sample to the data on SI, the SO.At SCLK signal negative edge, if the operator scheme of SO is output, CC2420 will change the data on the SO.When this one-period finishes, stop the driving of SCLK and the CS signal is uprised.30 ports of CC2420 link to each other with the port one 7 of single-chip microcomputer, and FIFO (30 pin) represents that send buffer has data during for high level, represent during low level that buffer zone is empty.The FIFOP of CC2420 (29 pin) represents that send buffer overflows during for high level, otherwise does not overflow.CCA (28 pin) represents the data transmission channel free time during for high level, otherwise channel busy.SFD (27 pin) represents that start-of-frame receives during for high level, begins to receive data (comprising address information), and this port can keep high level always, till Data Receiving finishes.In receiving data procedures, if mistake appears in Address Recognition, the level of SFD can jump to low level, thereby stops the reception of data.
Shown in Fig. 2 (d), it is mainly data acquisition module and weak signal is nursed one's health the operating voltage that amplifier module provides 5V.At first utilize two joint dry cells that the input voltage of 1.5V～3.0V is provided for the MAX631 chip, 4 ports of MAX631 are as the input of cell voltage, 1,3 and 7 port ground connection, its 5 ports are as the output port after boosting then, in the normal situation of powered battery, the output voltage of this port is+5V.Simultaneously, the peripheral circuit of MAX631 is very simple, connects the energy storage inductor of a 330mH between 4 ports and anode, connects the electrochemical capacitor of a 100uF between 5 ports and ground, in order to remove noise.What the VCC shown in the figure promptly connect is 5 ports of MAX631.
Shown in Fig. 2 (e), this supply module mainly is to be used for powering to the radio frequency chip CC2420 in singlechip chip ATMega128L, wireless transport module and the wireless receiving module of data processing module.What this supply module adopted is the MAX1678 chip, the positive pole input of two joint dry cells is connected with its 1,4,7 ports, 5,6 ports link to each other with the negative pole of battery, 3.3V voltage after the output of 8 ports is boosted, between 1 and 7 ports, be connected into the inductance of a 47uH, connect the electrochemical capacitor of a 10uF between 8 ports and the ground.This 8 port links to each other with AVCC, VCC among Fig. 2 (b), and the operating voltage of ATMega128L chip is provided; This 8 port links to each other with DVDD_3.3V among Fig. 2 (c), and the operating voltage of radio frequency chip CC2420 is provided.
With reference to shown in Figure 3, the light on and off and the flicker of three pilot lamp of pilot lamp assembly major control are used to refer to system's current working state; Clock assembly is realized the control of timer, closes, opens timer, sets fixed time interval, and produces regularly interruption; The serial ports assembly is realized communicating by letter between embedded node and the host computer, carries out data transmission and produces Debugging message; The read-write operation of EEPROM assembly control EEPROM; The data sampling assembly is responsible for analog acquisition and analog to digital conversion, produces conversion and interrupts; Wireless communication components, the channel of control communication, the duty of radio frequency chip is carried out the wireless receiving and dispatching of data, thereby realizes internetwork communication.Whole embedded system is called mutually by above-mentioned intermodule and is cooperated, and realizes the allomeric function of radio detection.
With reference to shown in Figure 4, behind the program start, each port of beginning initialization single-chip microcomputer, register and radio frequency chip etc., after initialization was finished, whether detection node existed among the network, if there is not routed path, waited for that then host computer sends routing iinformation; If routed path is arranged, then begin image data and prepare to receive data, when the intact data of node collection or after receiving packet, judge whether to be control command information, if fill order then, dormancy or wake node up; If not command information judges then whether this node number is 0, if not, then press routed path and transmit; If then send to host computer by serial ports.
Claims (3)
1, a kind of bridge strain detection sensor based on wireless sensing network interface, comprise data acquisition module, weak signal conditioning amplifier module, data processing module, wireless transport module and wireless receiving module five parts are formed, it is characterized in that, the data acquisition module of this sensor is connected with weak signal conditioning amplification module, weak signal conditioning amplification module is connected with data processing module, data processing module is connected with wireless transport module, wireless transport module is connected with wireless receiving module, last wireless receiving module connects the PC terminal, and wherein the singlechip chip ATmega128L in the data processing module has ten ADC conversion port of eight passages.
2, sensor according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described data acquisition module is made up of a balanced bridge, the foil gauge that comprises two 1K in the electric bridge inserts respectively from Q1 and Q2, the potentiometer R1 and the R2 of two Precision trimmings, half brachium pontis of electric bridge is made of a foil gauge and a Precision trimming potentiometer series connection, non-earth terminal at two potentiometers, draw the differential input signal of two signal wires as amplification module, when foil gauge during because of stressed generation deformation, the electric bridge out of trim, thereby generation differential signal, this differential signal is connected with weak signal conditioning amplifier module, inserts 2,3 pin of the instrument amplifier AD620AN of weak signal conditioning amplifier module.
3, sensor according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, the data communication of data processing module and wireless transport module is based on spi bus, its corresponding port SI, SO, CSN, SCLK link to each other with MOSI, MISO, SS, the SCK port of single-chip microcomputer respectively to realize data communication, the signal of this wireless transmission is a digital signal, transmission frequency has 16 transmission channels at 2.4G～2.4835G Hz.
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| CN101894454A (en) * | 2010-06-24 | 2010-11-24 | 上海应用技术学院 | Oil derrick stress measurement and data acquisition system based on wireless sensor network |
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| CN102680155A (en) * | 2012-06-11 | 2012-09-19 | 中国矿业大学 | Stress and vibration measurement device for rotary machine |
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| CN104266580A (en) * | 2014-10-16 | 2015-01-07 | 国家电网公司 | Steel beam bending point measuring device and method |
| CN106323156A (en) * | 2016-08-06 | 2017-01-11 | 太原理工大学 | Frequency-hopping spread-spectrum communication-based bridge circuit-adjustable wireless strain sensing device |
| CN106323156B (en) * | 2016-08-06 | 2018-12-18 | 太原理工大学 | Frequency hopping spread spectrum communication means based on the adjustable wireless strain sensing device of bridge |
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