CN1015610B - Technology for cutting hard alloy steel die with laser - Google Patents
Technology for cutting hard alloy steel die with laserInfo
- Publication number
- CN1015610B CN1015610B CN90102625A CN90102625A CN1015610B CN 1015610 B CN1015610 B CN 1015610B CN 90102625 A CN90102625 A CN 90102625A CN 90102625 A CN90102625 A CN 90102625A CN 1015610 B CN1015610 B CN 1015610B
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- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- cutting
- laser
- millimeters
- minute
- steel
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Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K2103/00—Materials to be soldered, welded or cut
- B23K2103/02—Iron or ferrous alloys
- B23K2103/04—Steel or steel alloys
Abstract
The present invention relates to a technology for cutting hard alloy steel mould with laser; the thickness of a board is from three to five millimeters; the laser power is from 0.9 to 1.4 kilowatt. When the oxygen pressure is from one to five atmospheric pressures, the laser cutting limit power speed is within the range from 0.4 to 2 meters per minute. The laser cutting cleaning degree reaches the level of line cutting. Two to three microns of FeWO-[4] and Fe-W-C dispersion hard phases appear in the mould after cut by laser; consequently, the surface hardness and the intensity of surface-layer basal bodies are enhanced, and the anti-wear performance and the service life of the mould are enhanced.
Description
The present invention relates to mould processing technology, particularly steel alloy mould laser cutting parameter.
General Motors Overseas Corporation and Japanese Toyota Company adopt the common alloy tool steel mold of laser cutting to be used for industrial production.Japan's test only needs 10 hours with the folded formula punch die (every 1.2 millimeters) of 200 high-strength steel sheets of laser cutting, adopts machining or Wire-cut Electrical Discharge Machining or monoblock type mould then to need 100～200 hours.The open J63174-793-A of Japan Patent has reported with laser cutting chrome-bearing steel and stainless steel, improves the method for fineness.But the life-span of common alloy tool steel mold is not ideal enough, adopts steel bonded carbide (hereinafter to be referred as steel-bonded carbide), and particularly the steel-bonded carbide through forging is made mould, and its life-span is improved 10～20 times than common alloy tool steel.Owing to contain 40～50% tungsten carbides, balance iron in the steel-bonded carbide.Be a kind of high-melting-point, high rigidity, high abrasion resisting material, cutting processing is very difficult, general processing method is a Wire EDM at present, because its electric conductivity is relatively poor, production efficiency is very low, the cost height.Utilize the laser cutting high-melting-point, high rigidity, the nonmetallic materials of high abrasion, external existing report, for example the clear 63-80989 of Japan Patent JP discloses a kind of method of utilizing laser cutting silicon nitride agglomerated material, and the clear 62-224487 of JP discloses a kind of method of utilizing the laser cutting diamond.But how to utilize existing 40～50% nonmetallic phases of laser cutting (tungsten carbide) to have the steel bonded carbide of metal phase (iron-based body) to be still the problem that forefathers do not relate to again, exist the laser cutting steel bonded carbide whether can be used for the Mould Machining part processing precision and can fineness satisfy problems such as mould assembly precision requirement.
The objective of the invention is to address the above problem, seek a kind of process of laser cutting steel-bonded carbide mould, promptly satisfying mould fineness, under the precision conditions, seek laser power, limit cutting speed, steel bonded carbide thickness of slab, nozzle arrangements parameter, relation between the oxygen pressure, replace the line cutting processing to reach, improve work efficiency, the purpose that reduces cost.
In order to realize purpose of the present invention, the inventor has carried out a large amount of tests, is satisfying mould fineness, under the precision conditions, and the research laser power, oxygen pressure, the steel bonded carbide thickness of slab, nozzle arrangements is to the influence of limit cutting speed.For the purpose of simplifying the description, adopt simplification of terminology in case of necessity; For example laser power is called for short laser power or power; Oxygen pressure is called for short oxygen and presses; The laser cutting limit velocity is called for short the limit and cuts speed; Nozzle angle is called for short nozzle angle; It is wide that cutting slit width is called for short seam.Its embodiment is as follows:
Replace monoblock type carbide alloy or alloy tool steel mold with steel-bonded carbide (3～5 millimeters) thin slice of laser cutting and the combining structure of ordinary steel.This is a kind of steel-bonded carbide inserted-blade type mould.
The present invention tests the three coordinate laser cutting machine that adopts Shanghai laser to be introduced, and its main performance is as follows:
Laser instrument
Model 820 types
200～1500 watts of power brackets are continuous adjustable
Power stability ± 2%
Gas consumption He52.4 liter/hour
N
2O
211.3 rise/hour
CO
22.4 rise/hour
Numerical control table, NC table
2 meters * 1.5 meters of mesa dimensions
0.05 millimeter/meter of position accuracy
14 meters/minute of maximum reset speed
10 meters/minute of maximum cutting rates
The object of laser cutting of the present invention is the GW50 steel bonded carbide of quenching attitude 3～5 millimeters thick, and its chemical composition (weight %) is: tungsten carbide wc 50%, Cr0.35～0.5%, Mo0.15～0.25, C0.6～0.25%, Fe surplus, hardness: HRc68～72.
The condition of work of laser cutting is:
1.2 millimeters of nozzle diameters
5 inches of collector lens focal lengths
1/5 thickness of slab place under the focal plane position surface
Nozzle is from 1 millimeter of the height of plate face
Plate surface situation fineness
5～
6 spray is black
Be not less than in the fineness on cutting surface under 4 the condition, find thickness of slab, cutting power, oxygen to press and the limit is cut relation between the speed.The cutting conditional relationship that thickness of slab is 3 millimeters as shown in Figure 1, as seen from Figure 1, the limit is cut the raising that speed presses along with the increase of power and oxygen and is improved.When laser power is 1.4 kilowatts, it is in 3.5～4 barometric pressure range that oxygen is pressed, and the limit is cut 1～2 meter/minute of scooter.The cutting conditional relationship that thickness of slab is 4.5 millimeters as shown in Figure 2.As shown in Figure 2, power is in 1.2～1.4 kilowatts of scopes, and oxygen is pressed in 3～5 barometric pressure range, and the limit is cut speed between 0.7～1.2 meter/minute.When thickness of slab is 5 millimeters, as shown in Figure 3, cutting power is 1.2～1.4 kilowatts, oxygen is pressed when being 3～5 atmospheric pressure, limit merit speed is in 0.3～0.9 meter/minute scope, when oxygen presses solidly when being decided to be 5 atmospheric pressure, thickness of slab, power are cut fast influence as shown in Figure 4 to the limit, as can be seen from Figure 4, increase with thickness of slab, or power reduction, the limit is cut speed and is descended, and thickness of slab is 3～5 thickness, and power is 1.1～1.4 kilowatt hours, thickness of slab is increased to 5 millimeters from 3 millimeters, and limit merit speed drops to 0.4～0.8 meter/minute from 1.8～2.4 meters/minute.When laser power is 1.4 kilowatt hours, oxygen is pressed and is dropped to 3.0 atmospheric pressure from 5.0 atmospheric pressure, if thickness of slab is brought up to 5mm by 3mm, then limit merit speed drops to 0.5 meter/minute from 2.2 meters/minute, as shown in Figure 5.In sum, when 3 millimeters plates of cutting, preferably cutting condition is: 1.4 kilowatts of laser powers, and oxygen is pressed 4 atmospheric pressure, and it is 2 meters/minute that the limit is cut speed; When 4.5 millimeters plates of cutting, the excellent cutting condition of selecting is: 1.4 kilowatts of power, oxygen 5 atmospheric pressure, 1～1.2 meter/minute of limit merit scooter; When 5 millimeters plates of cutting, the excellent cutting condition of selecting is: 1.4 kilowatts of power, and oxygen 5 atmospheric pressure, it is 0.8～1 meter/minute that the limit is cut speed.
Studies show that structure of nozzle cuts speed to the limit and also have a significant impact.The test thickness of slab is 4.5 millimeters.1.3 kilowatts of laser powers, when oxygen pressure was 4 atmospheric pressure, nozzle angle was cut fast influence as shown in Figure 6 to the limit.As shown in Figure 6, nozzle angle is in 20 °～50 ° scopes, and with the increase of angle, the limit is cut speed and gone out 0.4 meter/minute and bring up to 1.0 meters/minute.Experiment greater than 50 ° of angles waits to replenish.Nozzle bore is cut fast influence as shown in Figure 7 to the limit.As seen from Figure 7, nozzle bore is in 1.2 to 2.0 millimeters scopes, and the limit is cut speed and changed in 0.8 meter/minute to 1.5 meters/minute scope, cuts 1.4～1.6 meters/minute of speed when nozzle bore has upper limit (UL) during at 1.6 millimeters.
The leading indicator that influences the mould accuracy of manufacture is the machining accuracy and the repetitive positioning accuracy of die cavity.These two precision are mainly guaranteed by the positioning accuracy and the repetitive positioning accuracy of cutting off machine itself.As everyone knows, during computer programming, preestablish " cutter is inclined to one side ".Therefore, the perpendicularity of cutting slit width degree tolerance and cut surface or glacing flatness also directly influence the machining accuracy of mould.Therefore studied the influence of laser cutting parameter to width of slit and glacing flatness.When 5 millimeters steel-bonded carbide plates of cutting, the cutting condition is: laser power is 1.4 kilowatts, 1.6 millimeters of nozzle diameter Φ, and the focal plane is positioned at 1/5 thickness of slab place under the plate face.Cut speed with reading microscope observation and measurement after the laser cutting and change to 1.2 meters/timesharing, the variation of joint-cutting shape from 0.52 meter/minute.The result shows, when cutting speed when slow, stitches wide broad, but whole seam is wide up and down relatively evenly, and speed is high to 1.1 meters/minute when cutting, and last loudspeaker are wide 0.48 millimeter, the bottom has only 0.2 millimeter, is significantly tapered, and having only when cutting speed is 0.6 meter/timesharing, the otch glacing flatness, perpendicularity is preferable, but cutting seam broad, going up wide is 0.45 millimeter, dark about 1 millimeter of horn mouth, following wide 0.33 millimeter.
Except that the cutting speed opposite joint wide influential, nozzle diameter and the angle opposite joint is wide also has a significant impact, when 3 millimeters thickness steel bonded carbide plates of cutting, select Φ 1.0 mm dia nozzles for use, 36 ° of nozzle angles, oxygen pressure 2～3 atmospheric pressure, power is greater than 825 watts, it is wide to obtain best seam, and its width is in 0.15～0.25 millimeter scope.
Measured excellent and selected under the cutting technique condition, the fineness on the cut surface, the result is: cut surface fineness can reach
4(Ra5～10 micron) extremely
(Ra2.5～5 micron), stitching wide is 0.25～0.3 millimeter.
Oxygen is pressed the influence of the limit being cut speed during 3 millimeters of Fig. 1 thicknesss of slab.
Oxygen is pressed the influence of the limit being cut speed during 4.5 millimeters of Fig. 2 thicknesss of slab.
Oxygen is pressed the influence of the limit being cut speed during 5 millimeters of Fig. 3 thicknesss of slab.
Fig. 4 thickness of slab and power are cut the influence of speed to the limit.
Fig. 5 thickness of slab and oxygen are pressed the influence of the limit being cut speed.
Fig. 6 nozzle coning angle is cut the influence of speed to the limit.
Fig. 7 nozzle bore and the limit are cut the relation of speed.
Fig. 8 harden zone hardness curve.
Fig. 9 steel-bonded carbide matrix ESEM pattern.
Figure 10 laser cutting harden zone tissue scanning Electronic Speculum pattern.
The energy spectrogram of Figure 11 harden zone passivation particle.
The energy spectrogram of Figure 12 original hase tagma hard-phase particles.
The x-ray diffraction collection of illustrative plates of Figure 13 laser cut and line cut surface.
Figure 14 YS oil can card blanking die schematic diagram.
Figure 15 the Changjiang river 750B type motorcycle parts blanking die schematic diagram.
Figure 16 motorcycle parts blanking die harden zone hardness curve.
In a word, studies show that and satisfying mould fineness that precision conditions limit inferior cutting speed improves with the increase of laser power and the raising of oxygen pressure, improve with the reduction of steel-bonded carbide thickness of slab, improve with the raising of nozzle angle, and relevant with nozzle bore. Study to such an extent that be applicable to that at laser technical parameters laser technical parameters is applicable to 3～5 millimeters steel-bonded carbide plates of laser cutting, its maximum cutting speed respectively can be up to 2 meters/minute; 1.2 rice/minute; 0.9 rice/minute, when 5 millimeters plates of cutting, the limit is cut fast lower limit also can reach 0.3 meter/minute. This effect is compared with the Wire EDM steel-bonded carbide, and productivity ratio improves tens times, and cost descends tens times, and finds to form the disperse hard phase after the laser cutting from microscopy, thus wearability and the service life of having improved mould.
After the laser cutting, for the laser cutting effect of Study on Steel joining gold mould how, sheet material to cutting seam both sides has carried out a series of detection, comprise the measurement of effects on surface fineness, harden zone hardness measurement and surface stress measurement and metallographic and ESEM and microcell power spectrum chemical composition analysis and X diffraction analysis. Studies show that on laser cutting seam both sides and formed a heat affecting harden zone. Laser cutting has significantly improved the case hardness of harden zone, Hv can reach 1100～1600, improve more than 35% than protocorm hardness, its degree of depth can reach 0.1～0.25 millimeter, and hardness is smoother to the Changing Pattern of depth development as shown in Figure 8, therefore can not produce internal stress, X diffraction approach surface stress measurement result shows and does not detect stress (Figure 13). Therefore when cutting 3～5 millimeters steel-bonded carbide plates, the spacing of adjacent two cut surfaces may diminish to 2 millimeters and do not ftracture, and is also indeformable after the cutting. Scanning electron microscope analysis result such as Fig. 9, shown in Figure 10. As seen from Figure 9, the hard phase of the non-heat affected area of steel-bonded carbide basically all bulky grain be the acute angle form. The hard phase of this acute angle has been cut apart matrix to a certain extent, has weakened the bond strength of hard phase and matrix. And through after the laser cutting, the high power electron microscopic observation of the laser cutting zone of influence is shown that Area Ratio of the hard phase in this district is more much higher than matrix area, reach more than 80%, and the hard phase Area Ratio in the protocorm only has about 40%. Also great changes have taken place for the granularity of hard phase, and its line average diameter narrows down to 2～3 microns by original 6～9 microns. And these acute angles by the hard phase of refinement have disappeared, and become the in obtuse angle particle of the disperse of pattern, as shown in figure 10. Above-mentioned hard phase is carried out the electron probe Microanalysis, find that variation has taken place the chemical analysis of the hard particles of these tiny purifying, it no longer is the W-C diadactic structure, but contains Fe-W-C ternary and FeWO that more iron forms4Compound, shown in Figure 13 such as Figure 11. And the sharp-pointed hard phase of bulk in the protocorm is still the W-C diadactic structure basically, as shown in figure 12. The hardening mechanism that this laser cutting process makes cut surface is different from the mechanism of the common quench hardening of steel-bonded carbide, it leans on the Ma Shi of Binder Phase to change to improve hardness unlike common quenching, but by the heating of the laser ultrahigh speed in the cutting process, material is re-started tungsten carbide particulate and the FeWO that the formed high diffusive of micro-smelting distributes4, Fe-W-C is multi-element alloyed reaches. This specific character makes the cutting edge of laser cutting have especially firm and wear-resisting structure, is that so far all process technology is unrivaled.
For above-mentioned reasons, make the mould of Laser cutting have height Wearability, therefore low stress significantly improves the mold use life-span.
Embodiment 1
YS-3 oil can card blanking die, its assembly figure sees Figure 14, and wherein die is cut out by laser, and material is the GM-50 steel-bonded carbide, and thickness of slab is 4.5 millimeters, the cutting technique parameter is:
1300 * 0.86 watts of material surface power
0.5 inch of the focal length of lens
0.7 meter/minute of cutting speed
Oxygen is pressed 4 atmospheric pressure
1.4 millimeters of nozzle bore Φ
After its cutting, otch fineness exists
4～
5, measure its surface stress with the X diffractometer, the result does not measure.Measure its hardness curve such as Fig. 8, downcut test piece in its heat affected area and carry out electron microscopic observation and energy spectrum analysis, its result is shown in Fig. 9,10,11,12.Produce to use and show that laser cutting process parameter of the present invention is feasible.Laser cutting process has dispersion-strengthened effect, has improved the wearability of mould, thereby has improved die life.
The punching die of the Changjiang river 750B type motorcycle parts, its die cuts out (Figure 15) by laser.Material is the GW-50 steel-bonded carbide, 5 millimeters of thicknesss of slab, and cutting technique is as follows:
1400 * 0.86 watts of material surface power
5 inches of the focal lengths of lens
0.7 meter/minute of cutting speed
Oxygen is pressed 5 atmospheric pressure
1.4 millimeters of nozzle bore Φ
The laser cutting time is 1.3 minutes, and otch fineness is
4～
5.Measure surface stress with the X diffractometer, the result does not measure.Record its hardness curve such as Figure 16.Produce use and show that this technology is feasible, can significantly reduce mould sharpening number of times.
Claims (6)
1, a kind of technology for cutting hard alloy steel die with laser that replaces Wire-cut Electrical Discharge Machining, it adopts the combining structure mould replacement monoblock type carbide alloy of three coordinate laser cutting machine cutting steel bonded carbide thin plate and ordinary steel or the laser cutting parameter of alloy tool steel mold, the invention is characterized in: satisfying mould fineness, under the precision conditions, limit cutting speed improves with the increase of laser power and the raising of oxygen pressure, reduction with the steel-bonded carbide thickness of slab improves, raising with nozzle angle improves, and it is relevant with nozzle bore, when laser power is brought up to 1.4 kilowatts from 1.2 kilowatts, oxygen pressure is brought up to 5 atmospheric pressure from 3 atmospheric pressure, lamella thickness is when 5 millimeters are reduced to 3 millimeters, limit cutting speed is brought up to 2 meters/minute from 0.3 meter/minute, when nozzle angle when 20 ° are brought up to 50 °, limit cutting speed is brought up to 1.0 meters/minute from 0.4 meter/minute, nozzle bore is in 1.2～2.0 millimeters scopes, and limit cutting speed changes in 0.8 meter/minute to 1.5 meters/minute scope.
2, technology for cutting hard alloy steel die with laser according to claim 1, it is characterized in that when 3 millimeters steel bonded carbide thin plates of cutting, its process conditions are: 1.4 kilowatts of laser powers, oxygen pressure 3.5～4 atmospheric pressure, limit cutting speed is 1～2 meter/minute.
3, technology for cutting hard alloy steel die with laser according to claim 1, it is characterized in that when 4.5 millimeters steel bonded carbide plates of cutting, its process conditions are: laser power is in 1.2～1.4 kilowatts of scopes, oxygen pressure is in 3～5 barometric pressure range, and limit cutting speed is 0.7～1.2 meter/minute.
4, technology for cutting hard alloy steel die with laser according to claim 1, it is characterized in that when 5 millimeters steel bonded carbide plates of cutting, its process conditions are: 1.2～1.4 kilowatts of laser powers, oxygen pressure are 3～5 atmospheric pressure, and limit cutting speed is 0.3～0.9 meter/minute.
5, technology for cutting hard alloy steel die with laser according to claim 1 is characterized in that laser power is 1.3 kilowatts when 4.5 millimeters steel bonded carbide plates of cutting, and when oxygen pressure was 4 atmospheric pressure, the optimum nozzle aperture was 1.6 millimeters of Φ.
6, technology for cutting hard alloy steel die with laser according to claim 1, it is characterized in that when 3 millimeters steel bonded carbide plates of cutting, adopt 1.0 millimeters of optimum Cutting parameters-nozzle diameter Φ, 825 watts of laser powers, cutting speed is 0.6～0.7 meter/minute, during oxygen pressure 2～3 atmospheric pressure, the minimum cut seam is wide to be 0.15～0.25 millimeter.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN90102625A CN1015610B (en) | 1990-05-03 | 1990-05-03 | Technology for cutting hard alloy steel die with laser |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN90102625A CN1015610B (en) | 1990-05-03 | 1990-05-03 | Technology for cutting hard alloy steel die with laser |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN1046303A CN1046303A (en) | 1990-10-24 |
| CN1015610B true CN1015610B (en) | 1992-02-26 |
Family
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN90102625A Expired CN1015610B (en) | 1990-05-03 | 1990-05-03 | Technology for cutting hard alloy steel die with laser |
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-
1990
- 1990-05-03 CN CN90102625A patent/CN1015610B/en not_active Expired
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|---|---|
| CN1046303A (en) | 1990-10-24 |
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