CN101560403A - Oil shale dry-process coking method and water spraying structure of gas retort - Google Patents
Oil shale dry-process coking method and water spraying structure of gas retort Download PDFInfo
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- CN101560403A CN101560403A CN 200910011819 CN200910011819A CN101560403A CN 101560403 A CN101560403 A CN 101560403A CN 200910011819 CN200910011819 CN 200910011819 CN 200910011819 A CN200910011819 A CN 200910011819A CN 101560403 A CN101560403 A CN 101560403A
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Abstract
The invention relates to an oil shale dry-process coking method and a water spraying structure of a gas retort. The gas retort adopting the water spraying structure is characterized in that steam is taken as a carrier of a gas barrier layer, the lower part of the gas retort is respectively introduced with saturated vapor and/or sprayed with water having the temperature of 25-80 DEG C, the pressure of the water is 8000 Pa, the vapor pressure is 7500 Pa, a water vapor barrier layer with the height of 2-3m is formed by the water vapor and/or water which enters the gas retort under the action of high temperature semi-coking, so that the gas is prevented from overflowing, and oxygen is avoided to enter the gas retort along with the air; when in running, the water spray pressure can be regulated to lead the pressure at a gas outlet of the gas retort to be micro-positive pressure and the semi-coking outlet pressure to be micro-negative pressure, so that dry-process coking can be realized; a spray pipe is arranged above a cooling water pipe and is vertical to a semi-coking channel, the end of the spray pipe is provided with an automatic regulating valve, and the spray pipe is also provided with an even spray hole. The invention decreases the volume of the gas by about one third, and reduces the subsequent technique, current management running cost or investment to the same extent.
Description
Technical field
The inventive method is applicable to the gas full-circulation oil-shale gas retort, and for implementing the gas retort structure that this method is transformed.
Background technology
In metallurgical, Coal Chemical Industry industry the dry quenching(of coke) technology is arranged at present, generally all adopt air or nitrogen cooling coke and reclaim heat.But this method is inapplicable to carbonization furnace, mainly is that in case surpass certain limiting the quantity of, oil recovery apparatus is blasted easily, and equipment can't be moved because not allowing oxygen in the oil shale distillation product sneaks into.Carbonization furnace both domestic and external, no matter be that the square stove in Fushun stove, Maoming, external Brazilian stove (Petrosix), Estonian Kiviter stove all adopt wet method to discharge of the coke, major cause is in order to prevent that the gas in the gas retort from escaping, destructive distillation gas contains toxic substances such as H2S, irritating smell is strong especially, and human body is had injury, contaminate environment.Therefore be equipped with the pond in the gas retort bottom, take the way of water seal that gas is sealed.Its shortcoming is: corresponding a large amount of aqueous semicokes have brought a series of reluctant technical problems, need to consume a large amount of water, and the water content in the semicoke is generally about 20%.The water loss of 3,000,000 tons of oil shale retort factory cooling semicoke is just up to more than 600,000 tons, and moisturely in the semicoke also can leak into underground polluting, and the semicoke calorific value reduction of band water, and freeze winter easily, problems such as bad transportation.
Northeast Electric Power University once proposed the oil shale oil-refining stove dry method technology of the discharging of the coke in 2006, patent publication No.: CN1986733A, because this technology needs gas retort is installed on the high platform of 8-10m, also to increase power-equipments such as roots blower, crusher, do not know it is which kind of reason, but up to the present, do not see that the user is arranged.
Adopt the dry method technical issues that need to address of the discharging of the coke: the one, particularly retort section, preheating section in the gas retort are until can not there be inclusion of air in the carbonizing gas exit; The 2nd, guarantee that the thermal equilibrium of gas retort is not destroyed, otherwise will cause the distillation process can not normal operation, therefore need a kind of carrier, can reclaim the waste heat of semicoke, can return the supply gas retort again, guarantee the caloric requirement of gas retort; The 3rd, should make the semicoke outlet be in micro-vacuum state, avoid occurring dust pollution; The 4th, the adjustment of local technology can not influence the pressure distribution of whole distillation process, particularly stove.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this invention is to provide the method that a kind of oil shale dry-process discharges of the coke and the water spraying structure of gas retort, can address the above problem with the carrier of water vapor, and the energy-saving and environmental protection effect is remarkable as the gas barrier layer.
The method that carbonization furnace dry method of the present invention is discharged of the coke, employing has the gas retort of water spraying structure, it is characterized in that with the carrier of water vapor as the gas barrier layer, feed saturated vapor respectively in the gas retort middle and lower part and/or spray into water about 25 ℃～80 ℃, the pressure 8000Pa of water, vapor pressure are 7500Pa, the water vapor and/or the water that enter gas retort form the high water vapor barrier of 2-3m under the effect of high temperature semicoke, prevent the gas effusion and stop oxygen with the air admission gas retort; Be in operation and regulate water spray pressure to make the gas export pressure of gas retort be that the top hole pressure of pressure-fired, semicoke is in micro-vacuum state, can realize that dry method discharges of the coke; Hot semicoke sprays into the water yield and calculates by following experimental formula in stove: G water=Jiao 0.12G
In the formula: G water be spray into 25 ℃ of normal-temperature water/hour weight;
G burnt for the dried semicoke of discharging/hour weight;
Implement the water spraying structure of the gas retort of aforesaid method, it is characterized in that changing the cold gas import of gas retort into the water vapor import, and water inlet pipe is set in its underpart, automatic regulating valve is installed on the water inlet pipe, regulate intake pressure and flow, water inlet pipe is connected with water jet standpipe in stove, and water jet standpipe has spray orifice perpendicular to the body of heater setting on the water jet standpipe.
The advantage that dry method is discharged of the coke:
The inventive method and water spraying structure produce the vapor film that enters pressure greater than hot gas in material bed bottom, steam carries the semicoke heat can only be toward rising, can not be toward descending, prevented that gas from overflowing together in company with semicoke.This barrier layer prevents the air admission retort section simultaneously again, and air is intercepted in the nethermost section of the discharging of the coke of gas retort.Because water vapor will rise and discharges out of the furnace from the top of gas retort in company with carbonizing gas, semicoke then relies on its deadweight to discharge out of the furnace with dried form (not moisture) from the bottom of gas retort after being cooled off by water vapour like this.
1. solved the moisture problem of bringing of semicoke.
Because semicoke is moisture about 20%, is sent to gas heating furnace, at first will evaporate moisture content wherein, the per kilogram semicoke need consume energy about 200 kilocalories approximately, accounts for 25% of semicoke calorific value, has improved the charging temperature of semicoke simultaneously, has saved heat energy.
Water content height in the semicoke, the northern area winter temperature is low, and extreme temperature makes semicoke freeze and can't transport below-30 ℃ easily.
Moisturely in the semicoke in stacking process, permeate the ground easily, pollute.
2. saving water of productive use
Water loss is about about 250 kilograms of semicokes per ton because the volatilization of the moisture and pond moisture content of semicoke, wet method are discharged of the coke.This reaches per capita for the water-deficient area, and the not rich whole nation of water all is a white elephant.
3. improve the recovery of semicoke heat, helped reducing the heat supply of gas retort.
By the waste heat of the cold gas recovery of original design usefulness semicoke, because the ratio of specific heat of methane gas appearance is little, semicoke can only drop to about 250 ℃, and semicoke can drop to 180 ℃ even lower after adopting this vapour method.This part heat all is recovered utilization.Improved the recycling of heat energy.
4. reduce the volume of destructive distillation product, reduced the investment and the daily administration expense of gas retort rear portion recovery system.
Water vapor and warm water are replaced after the cold circulating mash gas, and this part water promptly is cooled in the gas retort exit and condenses and oil is discharged together.The volume of gas will reduce about 1/3rd thereupon.For pipeline, the valve of after-treatment system, revolve catch, the treatment capacity of cold, electric fishing, desulfurization also will reduce about 1/3rd.Investment will be saved greatly, and simultaneously, the daily administration working cost also will reduce significantly.
Loaded down with trivial details and labour intensity during for the minimizing actually operating can be selected the automatic cycle variable valve for use.Semicoke wants further broken in use generally speaking, uses this mode of the discharging of the coke of the present invention, and the average particulate diameter of semicoke discharges of the coke little than wet method, and this is to collapse broken phenomenon because semicoke sharply cools off the heat of generation, helps the processing and utilization of semicoke.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram that dry method of the present invention is discharged of the coke;
Fig. 2 is the dry method structure facade view that discharges of the coke;
Fig. 3 is water spraying structure and watercooling jacket vertical view;
Fig. 4 a is the local ancient cooking vessel shape of a body of heater structure facade view;
Fig. 4 b is the A-A figure of Fig. 4 a;
Embodiment
The specific implementation way of handling on 300 tons of carbonization furnaces in the Huadian formula is: referring to Fig. 1, Fig. 2,
With former gas retort (the applicant in first to file 200810228891.0, " day handle 300 tons of resinous shale gas full circulation carbonization furnaces ") in the cold circulating mash gas import that enters change saturated vapor import 6 into, and settle water spraying structure in its underpart: have the water inlet pipe of variable valve 7 and be connected, have spout hole on the water jet standpipe 8 with water jet standpipe 8 in being located at stove.25 ℃-80 ℃ water perhaps feeds water vapor from water vapor import 6 simultaneously by the spout hole ejection of water jet standpipe 8, also can only use one; The pressure 8000Pa of water, vapor pressure are 7500Pa.Water vapor and water are all taken from the heat that the waste heat boiler in the distillation system reclaims, and need not increase thermal source newly.The ratio of water vapor and water can be adjusted for amount according to reality, and when 25 ℃ of water of whole employings, hot semicoke sprays into the water yield and calculates by following experimental formula in stove: G water=Jiao 0.12G
In the formula: G water be spray into 25 ℃ of normal-temperature water/hour weight;
G burnt for the dried semicoke of discharging/hour weight;
See the gas retort of Fig. 1, Fig. 2: conveying system 1 is delivered to material the feed bin 2 of stove top, the equal device of air 5 of ancient cooking vessel shape is arranged in body of heater 1 stage casing, the equal device of air of ancient cooking vessel shape has water vapor import 65 times, water spraying structure below water vapor import 6, watercooling jacket 12 is below water spraying structure.Housing promptly is a body of heater 1 among Fig. 3, and watercooling jacket 12 aligned gaps are semicoke passage 11, and the water jet standpipe 8 of water spraying structure vertically places the top of watercooling jacket 12 and semicoke passage 11, has the water inlet pipe of automatic regulating valve 7 to connect water jet standpipe 8, and water jet standpipe 8 has even spray orifice.
The equal device of air 5 of ancient cooking vessel shape is seen Fig. 4 a, Fig. 4 b: have three legs to be connected with body of heater 1, the space between three legs is a passage, and gas and resinous shale can pass through; Ancient cooking vessel shape center is the cylindrical chamber body structure, and the center is empty, has downward-sloping pore 16 on the cylindrical cavity top perimeter wall.Resinous shale and thermal circulation gas are blocked on outside the cylindrical cavity, and water vapor can enter cavity from the bottom of the equal device of air 5 of ancient cooking vessel shape, and sprays from the top pore.Hot gas import 14 in the body of heater 1 is perpendicular to equal device of air 5 cylindrical cavities of ancient cooking vessel shape, and hot gas enters the outer space ejection of back along cylindrical cavity.
The water vapor that absorbs behind the semicoke waste heat spray preheating section 3 that enters gas retort from pore 16, above herein is retort section 4, on it extremely the part near feed bin 2 be preheating section 3.The pressure that sprays when saturation steam enters gas retort is 7500Pa, and the pressure during the water ejection is 8000Pa.
Run into the high temperature semicoke after water vapor or the water ejection, be vaporized rapidly and be heated, water vapor reaches about 450 ℃ when rising to the top of the equal device of air 5 of gas retort ancient cooking vessel shape, and from its top ejection, preheating resinous shale.This pressure upwards overcomes the pressure of water vapor blocking section 13 and retort section 4, preheating section 3, to intercept in the above with the thermal circulation gas that 6000Pa pressure enters from thermal circulation gas import 14 simultaneously, can not be descending, can only discharge out of the furnace from stove top outlet 15 together in company with carbonizing gas at last., can not outwards overflow downwards owing to stopped by 3.0 meters high semicoke layer.The air that enters of bottom will semicoke lower floor passage 11 certain a bit and the pressure of water vapor reach balance, thereby reach the purpose of air obstruct outside gas retort.Semicoke from retort section 4 falls about 540 ℃, at first runs into the water vapor that enters from water vapor inlet pipe 6 and is reduced to about 400 ℃, falls to water jet standpipe 8 places and is water-cooled to about 180 ℃ again.Be cooled to 180 ℃ of semicokes and continue to fall, be cooled to 120 ℃ by the watercooling jacket 12 of semicoke passage 11 both sides, drop down onto in the semicoke storage hole 9, be negative pressure state herein, and environment cleans.The semicoke of discharging is transported to the place that needs with scraper-type drawing mechanism 10 again.The definite of the height of semicoke whereabouts passage 11 is little negative pressure decision with the semicoke exit, according to experience, generally should reach the height about 2-3 rice.This height should be determined according to the pressure drop of every meter bed of material and the factors such as drag losses of passage.The material bed of material pressure drop meeting that general particle is little is big, and semicoke passage 11 highly also can hang down.
Dry method of the present invention is discharged of the coke and the rising of cooling section local pressure may occur when actual motion, even the phenomenon of semicoke part channel jam, and this is because the high temperature semicoke runs into cryogenic water, the fierce vaporization of water, and volume sharply expands, and causes due to the local pressure rising.Should operate the water inlet variable valve when this phenomenon occurring, reduce injection flow rate or stop water spray and can alleviate or eliminate.
Claims (4)
1, the carbonization furnace dry method method of the discharging of the coke, employing has the gas retort of water spraying structure, it is characterized in that with the carrier of water vapor as the gas barrier layer, feed saturated vapor respectively in the gas retort middle and lower part and/or spray into water about 25 ℃～80 ℃, the pressure of water is that 8000Pa, vapor pressure are 7500Pa, the water vapor and/or the water that enter gas retort form the high water vapor barrier of 2-3 rice under the effect of high temperature semicoke, prevent the gas effusion and stop oxygen with the air admission gas retort; Be in operation and regulate water spray pressure to make the gas export pressure of gas retort be that the top hole pressure of pressure-fired, semicoke is in micro-vacuum state, can realize that dry method discharges of the coke; Hot semicoke sprays into the water yield and calculates by following experimental formula in stove: G water=Jiao 0.12G
In the formula: G water be spray into 25 ℃ of normal-temperature water/hour weight;
G burnt for the dried semicoke of discharging/hour weight.
2, a kind of discharge of the coke gas retort water spraying structure of method of the described oil shale dry-process of claim 1 of implementing, it is characterized in that the equal device of air of ancient cooking vessel shape (5) being arranged in body of heater 1 stage casing, the improved water vapor import of cold gas import (6) with gas retort is arranged under the equal device of air of ancient cooking vessel shape (5), water spraying structure below water vapor import (6), watercooling jacket (12) is below water spraying structure; Hot gas import (14) in the body of heater 1 is perpendicular to the equal device of air of ancient cooking vessel shape (5) cylindrical cavity.
3, the oil shale dry-process according to claim 2 gas retort water spraying structure of method that discharges of the coke, the water jet standpipe (8) that it is characterized in that water spraying structure is arranged on the top that water vapor import (6) is following, water jet standpipe (8) vertically places watercooling jacket (12) and semicoke passage (11), there is the water inlet pipe of automatic regulating valve (7) to connect water jet standpipe (8), spray orifice is arranged on the water jet standpipe.
4, the oil shale dry-process according to claim 2 gas retort water spraying structure of method that discharges of the coke, it is characterized in that the equal device of air of ancient cooking vessel shape (5) is arranged in the body of heater stage casing, there are three legs to be connected with body of heater, article three, the space between the leg is a passage, gas and resinous shale can pass through, ancient cooking vessel shape center is the cylindrical chamber body structure, and the center is empty, has downward-sloping pore (16) on the cylindrical cavity top perimeter wall.
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| CN 200910011819 CN101560403B (en) | 2009-06-02 | 2009-06-02 | Oil shale dry-process coking method and water spraying structure of gas retort |
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| CN 200910011819 CN101560403B (en) | 2009-06-02 | 2009-06-02 | Oil shale dry-process coking method and water spraying structure of gas retort |
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103666500A (en) * | 2013-12-18 | 2014-03-26 | 辽宁环宇环保技术有限公司 | Coke discharging system of full cycling retort with dry method |
| CN103695008A (en) * | 2013-12-18 | 2014-04-02 | 辽宁环宇环保技术有限公司 | Dry-type coke discharging system of half-cycle dry distillation furnace |
| CN104357088A (en) * | 2014-11-13 | 2015-02-18 | 王金树 | Down-draft biomass gasification furnace |
| CN104822802A (en) * | 2012-12-13 | 2015-08-05 | 金好建 | horizontal and continuous carbonizing device |
Family Cites Families (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4058205A (en) * | 1974-01-18 | 1977-11-15 | Reed Jr Thomas G | Apparatus for treating oil shale |
| CN101402870B (en) * | 2008-11-20 | 2010-05-12 | 沈阳成大弘晟能源研究院有限公司 | Complete alternation gas retort for treating 300 tons of wax shale mash gas a day |
-
2009
- 2009-06-02 CN CN 200910011819 patent/CN101560403B/en active Active
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104822802A (en) * | 2012-12-13 | 2015-08-05 | 金好建 | horizontal and continuous carbonizing device |
| CN103666500A (en) * | 2013-12-18 | 2014-03-26 | 辽宁环宇环保技术有限公司 | Coke discharging system of full cycling retort with dry method |
| CN103695008A (en) * | 2013-12-18 | 2014-04-02 | 辽宁环宇环保技术有限公司 | Dry-type coke discharging system of half-cycle dry distillation furnace |
| CN103666500B (en) * | 2013-12-18 | 2016-02-17 | 辽宁环宇环保科技股份有限公司 | Full circulation carbonization furnace dry method is discharged of the coke system |
| CN104357088A (en) * | 2014-11-13 | 2015-02-18 | 王金树 | Down-draft biomass gasification furnace |
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