The racemization method of chiral amino acid or derivatives thereof
Technical field
The present invention relates to the pharmaceutical chemistry field, relate in particular to a kind of racemization method of chiral amino acid or derivatives thereof.
Background technology
Nearly all biomacromolecule all has chirality, i.e. opticity.So-called racemization is meant chipal compounds generation part transformation of configuration, becomes the process of the steric isomer that does not have opticity.
Amino acid is widely used in fields such as health care already, and in recent years along with development and further investigation to life science and chiral drug, the scientific worker finds that non-natural chiral amino acid and derivative thereof have important effect in vital movement and medication preparation.The preparation of non-natural chiral amino acid and derivative thereof often obtains by splitting corresponding racemic modification, can only be approximately obtain needed enantiomorph with existing method for splitting with about 40% productive rate, this has just caused the generation of a large amount of discarded enantiomorphs, and the processing of these wastes has brought very big pressure to environment.In order to improve utilization ratio of raw materials, discarded enantiomorph amino acid after the fractionation and derivative thereof also should pass through racemization, recycling.So the research for amino acid and derivative racemization thereof just seems all the more significant.
Therefore the DL-amino acid that how to obtain racemization is the focus and the key point of research at present.
The article that Fang Baiying etc. deliver " indispensable amino acid racemization Study on Theory and proteinaceous nutrient " (" Food science " 1997,18 (8): 12-17) amino acid has been carried out heating racemization under the alkaline condition, the amino acid racemization rate that this method obtains is low, is not suitable for commercially producing.
U.S. Pat 3213106 discloses a kind of amino acid whose message approach, in sealed tube, 150-250 ℃ and water heat together 12 seed amino acids are carried out the racemization experiment, and racemization has in various degree taken place most of amino acid, but the degree of racemization and versatility are relatively poor.
Article " Method for the racemization of opticallyactive amino acids " (" J.Org.Chem. " 1983 that delivers by Yamada S etc., 48:843-846.) reported in organic acid, under the aldehyde catalyst action, amino acid is carried out racemization.
Chinese invention patent 200510038219 discloses the method for using microwave photolytic activity amino acid to be carried out racemization in the presence of catalyzer.This method is had relatively high expectations to plant and instrument, needs specific microwave generator, therefore is not suitable for suitability for industrialized production.
Chinese invention patent 88106108.5 has been set forth a kind of method with the acylamino acid recemase; near neutral water racemize N-acyl-alpha--amino acid only at ordinary times, it combines application with D or L acidylate amidohydrolase makes DL-N-acyl-alpha--amino acid generate optically-active D or L-a-amino acid at pH.This method is used two kinds of enzymes, because the specificity of enzyme and losing activity easily is difficult to widespread usage.
The racemization technology of amino acid and derivative thereof mainly contains following several method at present:
1. racemization under the high-temperature and high-pressure conditions;
2. in the presence of strong acid or highly basic, be total to hot racemization with water;
3. aldehyde catalysis racemization in the organic acid;
4. enzyme process racemization;
5. microwave promotes racemization.
Amino acid and derivative racemization technology thereof exist energy consumption of reaction higher at present, the operational condition harshness, and amino acid and derivative thereof decompose easily, and be poor to amino acid and derivative functional group tolerance thereof, and side reaction takes place easily, the low deficiency that waits of racemization speed.
Summary of the invention
The invention provides a kind of easy and simple to handle, process stabilizing, with low cost, the yield height, the racemization method that is fit to the amino acid or derivatives thereof of suitability for industrialized production, can will discard RS configuration amino acid and the derivative thereof that enantiomorph amino acid and derivative racemization thereof become to have pharmaceutical use, high yield obtains having the amino acid and the derivative thereof of pharmaceutical use.
The racemization method of one seed amino acid or derivatives thereof comprises the steps:
(1) the chiral amino acid or derivatives thereof is mixed with organic solvent A, initiator, mercaptan, stirring is warming up to 20~110 ℃ and carries out racemization, obtains containing the reaction solution of RS configuration amino acid or derivatives thereof (product after the racemization).
Thorough relatively for described racemization is carried out, generally adopt HPLC control reaction end, according to different raw materials, the general racemization time is 1~10 hour (preferred 1~8 hour).
Described organic solvent A is selected from toluene, p-Xylol, acetonitrile, methylene dichloride, ethyl acetate or o-Xylol.
Described initiator is selected from 2,2'-Azobis(2,4-dimethylvaleronitrile) (ABVN), Diisopropyl azodicarboxylate (AIBN), peroxidation two acyls, benzoyl peroxide (BPO) or dilauroyl peroxide (LPO).
With molar ratio computing, chiral amino acid or derivatives thereof: initiator: mercaptan=1: 0.2~1.6: 0.2~2.0, preferred 1: 0.6: 1.2.For organic solvent A, only be as solvent, consumption does not have strict restriction.
Because initiator decomposes easily at high temperature, once adding affiliation influences the activity of initiator, as preferably, initiator can gradation add (but also the organic solvent A wiring solution-forming slowly drips) in the reaction times, gradation adds and fashionablely adds once every 0.5~4h, and each add-on is 0.1~0.8 times of chiral amino acid or derivatives thereof mole number (by its total amount that initially feeds intake).
Described mercaptan selected from mercapto methyl propionate, Methyl Thioglycolate, positive eight mercaptan, sulfydryl methyl-butyrate, ethyl thioglycolate or mercaptopropionic acid ethyl ester.
Preferred 70~110 ℃ of the temperature of described racemization.
(2) aftertreatment
The reaction solution that contains RS configuration amino acid or derivatives thereof that step (1) is obtained is concentrated into dried, adds acid or alkali and is carried out to the salt that reactant salt obtains RS configuration amino acid or derivatives thereof; Add organic solvent B and carry out purification by liquid extraction, the salt of the RS configuration amino acid or derivatives thereof after obtaining purifying; Add the amino acid or derivatives thereof after alkali or acid make it be converted into purification in the salt of the RS configuration amino acid or derivatives thereof after purifying; Add the amino acid or derivatives thereof after organic solvent C extracts purification, remove organic solvent C again.
In the step (2), during salify, can add acid for adjusting pH value to 1~6 (preferred 1~4) and make amino acid or derivatives thereof salify, add organic solvent B again and extract the impurity of removing aqueous phase, after isolating organic phase, remaining water is neutralized to pH8~12 with alkali, make the salt of the amino acid or derivatives thereof of aqueous phase be converted into the amino acid or derivatives thereof, use organic solvent C aqueous phase extracted again, make the amino acid or derivatives thereof transfer to organic phase, will contain the RS configuration amino acid or derivatives thereof of organic phase after concentrate drying obtains purifying of amino acid or derivatives thereof.
The acid of regulating the pH value in the step (2) is mineral acid, specifically is selected from hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, nitric acid, Hydrogen bromide or phosphoric acid.Add acid for adjusting pH value and be in order to make amino acid or derivatives thereof salify, but, then be to need to add alkali make its salify at the more special N-acetylated amino acids of character.
Regulate pH value or in the alkali used with water can be selected from lithium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide, cesium hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide or ammoniacal liquor.
The organic solvent B, the organic solvent C that wherein extract usefulness are selected from propyl formate, propyl acetate, at least a in ethyl acetate, toluene, p-Xylol, acetonitrile, methylene dichloride, o-Xylol, ether, the methyl tertiary butyl ether.
Racemization method reaction formula of the present invention is as follows:
General common, can be
R
1Be alkyl or aromatic base;
R
2For hydrogen, alkyl or-COCH
3
R
3For-COOH ,-COOR`, (CH
2) nOH, CHR`OH or CRR`OH
R, R` are alkyl or aromatic base; The span of n is 1~6.
Described R
1, R
2, R
3, R, R` scope comprise that the institute that meets chiral amino acid and derivative thereof, Chiral Amine feature might group.
Chiral amino acid or derivatives thereof of the present invention is owing to all have amino, and the racemization condition that invention is adopted is carried out racemization at the amino that links to each other with chiral carbon atom, therefore can carry out racemization as raw material by the chiral amino acid or derivatives thereof of stable existence in racemization condition of the present invention.As preferably, described chiral amino acid or derivatives thereof is amino acid, amino acid whose ester, amino alcohol, N-acetylated amino acids or N-alkylation amino acid.
The racemization method of amino acid or derivatives thereof of the present invention is owing to be to carry out in organic solvent system, but a lot of chiral amino acid or derivatives thereofs are the form stable existences with salt (for example hydrochloride), so need carry out alkaline purification to the salt of chiral amino acid or derivatives thereof, make it can be dissolved in organic solvent, treating processes is as follows:
(A) salt with the chiral amino acid or derivatives thereof adds in the entry, and heating for dissolving obtains the aqueous solution of chiral amino acid or derivatives thereof salt.
In this step for the dissolving of the salt that is beneficial to the chiral amino acid or derivatives thereof, the may command Heating temperature is at 20~100 ℃, for the not strict restriction of the consumption of water, can add water in right amount according to the solubleness of the salt of chiral amino acid or derivatives thereof and follow-up concentration operation.
(B) drip alkali in the aqueous solution that step (A) obtains and regulate pH value to 8~12, add organic solvent D again and extract, the organic phase that separation obtains concentrates through anhydrous sodium sulfate drying, obtains containing the oily matter (concentrated solution) of chiral amino acid or derivatives thereof.
With alkali neutralization (regulating the pH value), can obtain free state amino acid and derivative thereof, described alkali is selected from lithium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide, cesium hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide or ammoniacal liquor.
Organic solvent D described in the step (B) is selected from toluene, p-Xylol, acetonitrile, methylene dichloride, ethyl acetate or o-Xylol.
The acid of the adjusting pH that each step of the present invention is mentioned, alkali do not have strict restriction to concentration, consider and be convenient to feed in raw material that often be made into the aqueous solution of low concentration, the run-of-the-mill percentage concentration is 5~25%.
The used reagent mercaptan of the present invention can recycle and reuse.Its concrete operations step is: after question response finishes, with Rotary Evaporators reaction solution is revolved evaporate to dryness, revolving the liquid that steams gained is the mixture of solvent and mercaptan, can directly this mixed solvent recovery set be used, also can obtain mercaptan according to the boiling point distillation of concrete mercaptan, the mercaptan that obtains can recycle.
The invention solves the waste problem of discarded amino acid and derivative thereof, can reduce waste, deal carefully with waste, and make castoff regenerative and recycle, meet the national sustainable development strategy.The present invention does not use expensive metal catalyst, do not need severe condition such as anhydrous and oxygen-free, do not need to use strong alkaline condition to compound functional group tolerance difference, reaction " one kettle way " is finished, easy and simple to handle, be fit to suitability for industrialized production, and versatility is good, is that the chirality carbon compound all has good racemization effect to amino α position.
Specific embodiments
Embodiment 1
According to mol ratio is L-phenylalanine methyl ester hydrochloride: AIBN: mercapto-propionate=1: 0.6: 1.2 carries out following reaction:
(1) L-phenylalanine methyl ester hydrochloride 10.6g (0.05mol) (the ee value is>99.5%) is dissolved in the 100ml water, it is clear to add thermosol.
(2) dropping ammonia is while hot regulated pH10, generates white oily matter L-phenylalanine methyl ester, toluene 60ml * 2 (toluene 60ml is used in extraction at every turn at twice) extraction neutralizer, organic phase anhydrous sodium sulfate drying, the concentrated oily matter that obtains.
(3) add 80ml toluene to the oily matter that obtains, add AIBN, the mercapto-propionate of 1/3 amount, 110 ℃ ± 5 ℃ of controlled temperature added 1/3 AIBN (until adding all initiators) that measures every 2 hours, and HPLC controls reaction end.
(4) concentration of reaction solution is regulated pH2~3 to doing with hydrochloric acid, and methyl tertiary butyl ether 60ml * 2 extractions abandons organic phase.After remaining water was neutralized to pH11 with ammoniacal liquor, ethyl acetate 40ml * 2 extractions, ethyl acetate layer concentrated after with anhydrous sodium sulfate drying, obtain final product 10.34g (productive rate is 97.5%).Detect through HPLC, the ee value is 3%.
Embodiment 2
According to mol ratio is D-benzidino-acetoacetic ester: AIBN: Methyl Thioglycolate=1: 0.6: 1.2 carries out following reaction:
(1) D-benzidino-acetoacetic ester 11.4g (0.05mol) (the ee value is>99.5%) is dissolved in the 100ml toluene, add 0.01molAIBN and 0.06mol Methyl Thioglycolate, 110 ℃ ± 5 ℃ of controlled temperature, added 0.01mol AIBN (until adding all initiators) every 2 hours, HPLC controls reaction end.
(2) concentration of reaction solution is regulated pH2~3 to doing with hydrochloric acid, and methyl tertiary butyl ether 60ml * 2 extractions abandons organic phase.After remaining water was neutralized to pH11 with ammoniacal liquor, ethyl acetate 40ml * 2 extractions, ethyl acetate layer concentrated after with anhydrous sodium sulfate drying, obtain final product 11.21g (productive rate is 98.3%).Detect through HPLC, the ee value is 3%.
Embodiment 3
According to mol ratio is L-to this glycine methyl ester hydrochloride of hydroxyl: AIBN: positive eight mercaptan=1: 0.6: 1.2 carry out following reaction:
(1) add L-p-hydroxyphenylglycine methyl ester hydrochloride 10.83g in the 95ml water, be heated to 90 ℃ ± 5 ℃ molten clear.
(2) be neutralized to pH11~12 with ammoniacal liquor, neutralizer extracts with ethyl acetate 50ml * 2, and the organic layer anhydrous sodium sulfate drying concentrates.
(3) add 110ml dimethylbenzene in the concentrated solution, 0.01molAIBN, positive eight mercaptan of 0.06mol stir and are warming up to 100 ℃ ± 5 ℃, add 0.01molAIBN (until adding all initiators) every 2h, and HPLC controls reaction end.
(4) concentration of reaction solution is regulated pH2~3 to doing with hydrochloric acid, and ether 40ml * 2 extraction neutralizers abandons organic phase.After remaining water was neutralized to pH11 with ammoniacal liquor, ethyl acetate 50ml * 2 extractions, ethyl acetate layer concentrated after with anhydrous sodium sulfate drying, are finally produced 10.67g (productive rate is 98.5%).Detect through HPLC, the ee value is 7%.
Embodiment 4
According to mol ratio is D-biphenyl-N-acetylated amino acids: AIBN: Methyl Thioglycolate=1: 0.8: 1.4 carries out following reaction:
(1) in 100ml toluene, adds 11.95g (0.05mol) D-biphenyl N-acetylated amino acids; 0.01molAIBN the Methyl Thioglycolate of 0.07mol is warming up to 110 ℃ ± 5 ℃; add 0.01molAIBN (until adding all initiators) every 2h, HPLC controls reaction end.
(2) concentration of reaction solution is regulated pH10~12 to doing with ammoniacal liquor, and ether 40ml * 2 extraction neutralizers abandons organic phase.After remaining water was neutralized to pH3 with dilute hydrochloric acid, ethyl acetate 50ml * 2 extractions, ethyl acetate layer concentrated after with anhydrous sodium sulfate drying, obtain final product 11.82g (productive rate is 98.9%).Detect through HPLC, the ee value is 1%.
Embodiment 5
According to mol ratio is N-ethyl-L-tryptophan methyl ester hydrochloride: peroxidation two acyls: Methyl Thioglycolate=1: 1: 1.2 carries out following reaction:
(1) in 140ml water, add 14.1g (0.05mol) N-ethyl-L-tryptophan methyl ester hydrochloride, be heated to 55 ℃ ± 5 ℃ molten clear.
(2) regulating pH with ammoniacal liquor is 11~12, and neutralizer extracts with methylene dichloride 40ml * 2, and the organic layer anhydrous sodium sulfate drying concentrates.
(3) add 100ml benzene in the concentrated solution, 0.05mol peroxidation two acyls, the 0.06mol Methyl Thioglycolate is warming up to 80 ℃ ± 5 ℃, HPLC detection reaction terminal point.
(4) concentration of reaction solution is regulated pH2~3 to doing with citric acid, and ether 40ml * 2 extraction neutralizers abandons organic phase.After remaining water is neutralized to pH11 with ammoniacal liquor, methylene dichloride 50ml * 2 extractions, the organic layer dried over anhydrous sodium carbonate concentrates, and obtains final product 14.00g (productive rate is 99.3%).Detect through HPLC, the ee value is 6%.
Embodiment 6
According to mol ratio is L-tyrosine ethyl ester hydrochloride: dilauroyl peroxide: positive eight mercaptan=1: 0.4: 1.2 carry out following reaction:
(1) in 140ml water, add 12.4g (0.05mol) L-tyrosine ethyl ester hydrochloride, be heated to 40 ℃ ± 5 ℃ molten clear.
(2) regulating pH with ammoniacal liquor is 11~12, and neutralizer extracts with toluene 30ml * 3, and the organic layer anhydrous sodium sulfate drying concentrates.
(3) add 80ml dimethylbenzene in the concentrated solution, 6.7mmol dilauroyl peroxide (LPO), positive eight mercaptan of 0.06mol stir and are warming up to 95 ℃ ± 5 ℃, added 6.7mmol dilauroyl peroxide (LPO) (until adding all initiators), HPLC detection reaction terminal point every 2 hours.
(4) concentration of reaction solution is regulated pH2~3 to doing with hydrochloric acid, and ether 40ml * 2 extraction neutralizers abandons organic phase.After remaining water was neutralized to pH11 with ammoniacal liquor, with ethyl acetate 50ml * 2 extractions, the organic layer dried over anhydrous sodium carbonate concentrated, and obtains product 11.87 (productive rate is 95.7%).Detect through HPLC, the ee value is 13%.
Embodiment 7
According to mol ratio is L-phenylpropyl alcohol amino alcohol hydrochloride (L-beta-amino phenylpropyl alcohol hydrochloride): AIBN: Methyl Thioglycolate=1: 0.6: 1.2 carries out following reaction:
(1) L-phenylpropyl alcohol amino alcohol hydrochloride 9.2g (0.05mol) (the ee value is>99.5%) is dissolved in the 100ml water, it is clear to add thermosol.
(2) dropping ammonia is while hot regulated pH10, generates white oily matter L-phenylpropyl alcohol amino alcohol, toluene 60ml * 2 (toluene 60ml is used in extraction at every turn at twice) extraction neutralizer, and the organic phase anhydrous sodium sulfate drying concentrates and obtains oily matter.
(3) add 40ml toluene in the concentrated solution, 0.01mol AIBN, the 0.06mol Methyl Thioglycolate is warming up to 110 ℃ ± 5 ℃ reactions, adds 0.01molAIBN (until adding all initiators), HPLC detection reaction terminal point every 2h.
(4) reaction solution is concentrated into driedly, regulates pH2~3 with hydrochloric acid, and ether 40ml * 2 extraction neutralizers abandons organic phase.After remaining water was regulated pH11 with ammoniacal liquor, with ethyl acetate 50ml * 2 extractions, the organic layer dried over anhydrous sodium carbonate concentrated, and obtains product 9.05g (productive rate is 98.4%).Check that through HPLC the ee value is 3%.