Background technology
Polymer Li-ion battery is the high-energy-density secondary cell system of new generation grown up on liquid lithium ionic cell basis.Such as, adopt the liquid state batteries specific energy of aluminum hull to be generally only 135-155Wh/Kg, and polymer Li-ion battery specific energy can reach more than 190Wh/Kg, specific energy improves nearly 30%.
As far back as 1994, Bellcore company of the U.S. at US5,296, disclose a kind of polymer Li-ion battery in 318.But due to the complexity of Bellcore technology in battery manufacture principle, make polymer Li-ion battery in implement scale production, encounter more difficulty compared to liquid state batteries.Because its manufacture process is designed into the very loaded down with trivial details operation such as plasticising, hot compound, extracting, imbibition.Technique is quite complicated, causes conforming product rate very low.
Such as, Chinese patent CN03100743.0 discloses and a kind ofly comprises polymer Li-ion battery of anode pole piece, cathode sheet and electrolyte and preparation method thereof, wherein, at least one pole piece in anode pole piece and cathode sheet is provided with matrix material film, this matrix material film polymeric material A and B to be made up of in mass ratio at 1: 10 ~ 2: 3, polymeric material A is poly-(methyl methacrylate-acrylonitrile-methacylate lithium), and polymeric material B is Kynoar or poly-(biasfluoroethylene-hexafluoropropylene).When prepared by battery, matrix material is directly applied at least one electrode plates in cathode sheet and anode pole piece.Can be used as the barrier film of battery after the matrix material film forming be coated with, after injecting electrolyte solution, be polymer dielectric.
Chinese patent application CN200410040214.8 discloses one and has relatively simple polymer Li-ion battery of production technology and preparation method thereof, it adopts material with carbon element as negative pole, containing the transition metal oxide of lithium as positive pole, the itrile group microporous polymer membranes of organic electrolyte solution plasticising is the ion conducting medium and just of battery, negative barrier film, aluminum-plastic packaged polymer Li-ion battery is formed with winding method, wherein itrile group microporous polymer membranes is made up of polymeric colloid particle, colloidal particle average grain diameter is less than 0.5 μm, mean pore hole is less than 100nm.
But above patent or the polymer Li-ion battery disclosed in patent application all be unable to do without the processes such as plasticising, extracting, imbibition, and manufacturing process is comparatively complicated.
Sony corporation of Japan is in Chinese patent 99800636.X, disclose a kind of technique preparing polymer Li-ion battery newly, electrolyte and the mixed colloidal solution of polymer solution to be directly coated in after the membrane surface of pole piece and liquid state batteries compound again by this technique, eliminate the processes such as plasticising, extracting, imbibition.But also there is larger obstacle in this Technique Popularizing, its subject matter is that battery production overall process almost all needs to carry out in dry environment, require very high to the automation of equipment, drying system investment is large, operating cost is high, cause battery manufacture cost very high, product price is difficult to commercially compete with liquid state batteries.
Chinese patent application 200610036146.7 also discloses a kind of technology of preparing of the polymer Li-ion battery without the need to the operation such as plasticising, extracting, but in anode sizing agent and cathode size, add high boiling chemical cross-linking agent monomer respectively in this technology, but the polymerized in-situ of this chemical cross-linking agent monomer, easily make that polymer battery internal resistance is high, heavy-current discharge platform is lower, sacrifice the performance of polymer Li-ion battery, and rate of finished products is low.
Therefore, be necessary to develop that a kind of preparation process is simple and easy to control, the polymer Li-ion battery manufacturing technology of products obtained therefrom function admirable.
Summary of the invention
The object of this invention is to provide that a kind of preparation process is simple and easy to control, the battery performance polymer Li-ion battery that especially cycle performance is excellent and preparation method thereof.
For achieving the above object, on the one hand, the invention provides a kind of method preparing polymer Li-ion battery, the method comprises the steps:
(1) anode pole piece is prepared:
By conductive agent, positive active material, polymeric material and solvent and dispersed with stirring is even, obtained anode sizing agent;
Then, above-mentioned obtained anode sizing agent being coated in metal forming as aluminium foil both sides dries, and roll-in afterwards, cuts, and obtains anode pole piece;
(2) cathode pole piece is prepared:
By conductive agent, negative electrode active material, polymeric material and solvent and dispersed with stirring is even, obtained cathode size;
Then, above-mentioned obtained cathode size being coated in metal forming as Copper Foil both sides dries, and roll-in afterwards, cuts, and obtains cathode pole piece;
(3) modified diaphragm is prepared:
Matrix barrier film apply or matrix barrier film be impregnated in vinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene copolymer solution, oven dry of heating, forming modified diaphragm;
(4) encapsulate:
The anode pole piece, cathode pole piece and the modified diaphragm that obtain with above-mentioned steps (1)-(2) form battery core, and encapsulate external package casing;
(5) electric conducting material is imported:
The liquid phase electrolyte comprising organic solvent and the conducting salt mixed is imported in the battery core that above-mentioned steps (4) obtains;
(6) electrolyte gelation:
By the battery vacuum seal that importing solvent and conducting salt in above-mentioned steps (5) obtain, be then cured at the temperature of 60-100 DEG C, make described anode pole piece, modified diaphragm become to be integrated with cathode pole piece, obtained polymer Li-ion battery.
Prepare in the method for polymer Li-ion battery in the invention described above, due to when preparing anode pole piece and cathode pole piece, all adopt polymeric material directly as bonding agent, and when diagram modification, by applying on matrix barrier film or matrix barrier film being impregnated in vinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene copolymer solution and complete, like this, the preparation process of whole polymer Li-ion battery does not relate to the problem of polymerized in-situ, make preparation process more simple, the internal resistance simultaneously avoiding polymer battery is increased.
Preferably, prepare in the method for polymer Li-ion battery in the invention described above, electrolyte gelation point two stages carry out, wherein, first stage to import battery that conducting salt obtains in above-mentioned steps (5) in the high temperature constant temperature atmosphere of 80-100 DEG C, to carry out hot mastication process; Second stage be by first stage hot mastication process after battery be placed in 5-20 DEG C of cryogenic thermostat atmosphere, carry out quenching process.Like this, on the one hand because the temperature of softening netted vinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene copolymer has brought up to 80-100 DEG C, production efficiency can improve significantly; On the other hand, quenching process makes softening shaping rear fast cooling, and can avoid again the material in battery, particularly conducting salt is as LiPF
6, the decomposition reaction brought when being in high temperature for a long time, and this decomposition reaction seriously can affect the performance of battery.
Further, step (1) and the polymeric material described in step (2) can for being selected from as one or more the material in next group material: polytetrafluoroethylene, Kynoar, butadiene-styrene rubber, carboxymethyl cellulose, polyethylene, Kynoar-hexafluoropropylene copolymer etc.; Be preferably one or more the material in Kynoar, polytetrafluoroethylene and Kynoar-hexafluoropropylene copolymer.
Above-mentionedly prepare in the method for polymer Li-ion battery, the positive active material in step (1) can the layer structure material of embedding property or its spinel structure material, such as LiCoO for lithium ion
2, LiNiO
2, LiMn
2o
4, LiCo
1-xni
xo
2, Li
1-xmn
2o
4, LiM
ymn
2-yo
4deng; Negative electrode active material in step (2) can be carbon-based material, tin-based material, aluminosilicate alloy material, transition-metal oxide, iron phosphide etc. or its compound, is preferably selected from as one or more the material in next group carbon materials: native graphite, electrographite, petroleum coke, carbonaceous mesophase spherules and hard carbon.
Above-mentionedly prepare in the method for polymer Li-ion battery, the conducting salt in step (5) can be LiPF
6, LiAsF
6, LiBF
4, LiClO
4, this conducting salt can mix with a certain proportion of organic solvent, forms liquid phase electrolyte.Organic solvent herein can be ethylene carbonate (EC), propylene carbonate ester (PC), dimethyl carbonate (DMC), diethyl carbonate (DEC), EMC (ethyl methyl carbonate), MBC (carbonic acid first butyl ester), DBC (dibutyl carbonate) or its mixture etc.
Above-mentionedly prepare in the method for polymer Li-ion battery, conductive agent in step (1) and step (2) can be carbon black, acetylene black, CNT (carbon nano-tube), graphite or their mixture, preferably a kind of conductive particle being selected from acetylene black and/or CNT (carbon nano-tube).
In the methods of the invention, solvent used in step (1)-step (3) can be volatile organic solvent, is preferably one of acetone, butanone, oxolane, dimethyl formamide, 1-METHYLPYRROLIDONE or its combination in any.
Matrix barrier film used in the inventive method step (3) can be: commercialization liquid lithium ionic cell polypropylene, polyethylene or polypropylene-polyethylene composite micro porous film, general selects thickness between 6-30 μm, composite micro porous film that porosity is greater than 30%.In addition, additive can be added in vinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene copolymer solution, strengthen modified effect, such as add ethyl acetate, propyl acetate etc., to increase the porosity being coated in vinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene copolymer on matrix barrier film, finally improve it and store electrolytical performance and the bonding solidification effect strengthening positive pole, negative pole and dielectric substrate.
On the other hand, present invention also offers a kind of polymer Li-ion battery, this polymer Li-ion battery comprises prepares anode pole piece, cathode pole piece and barrier film, wherein:
Anode pole piece comprises positive electrode metallic foil, positive conductive agent, positive active material and bonding agent, and positive conductive agent and positive active material are coated in the both sides of positive electrode metallic foil by bonding agent, and wherein, bonding agent is polymeric material;
Cathode pole piece comprises negative electrode metallic foil, cathode conductive agent, negative electrode active material and bonding agent, and cathode conductive agent and negative electrode active material are coated in the both sides of negative electrode metallic foil by bonding agent, and wherein, bonding agent is polymeric material;
Barrier film is a kind of modified diaphragm, and this modified diaphragm is that solution, the then oven dry by applying or flood on matrix barrier film vinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene copolymer on matrix barrier film is formed.
In above-mentioned polymer Li-ion battery, the bonding agent in anode pole piece and the bonding agent in cathode pole piece can for being selected from as one or more the material in next group material: polytetrafluoroethylene, Kynoar, butadiene-styrene rubber, carboxymethyl cellulose, polyethylene, Kynoar-hexafluoropropylene copolymer etc.; Be preferably one or more the material in Kynoar, polytetrafluoroethylene and Kynoar-hexafluoropropylene copolymer.
In above-mentioned polymer Li-ion battery, positive active material is that lithium ion can the layer structure material of embedding property or its spinel structure material, such as LiCoO
2, LiNiO
2, LiMn
2o
4, LiCo
1-xni
xo
2, Li
1-xmn
2o
4, LiM
ymn
2-yo
4deng.
In above-mentioned polymer Li-ion battery, negative electrode active material can be carbon-based material, tin-based material, aluminosilicate alloy material, transition-metal oxide, iron phosphide etc. or its compound, is preferably selected from as one or more the material in next group carbon materials: native graphite, electrographite, petroleum coke, carbonaceous mesophase spherules and hard carbon.
Compared with prior art, the preparation process of the whole polymer Li-ion battery of the present invention does not relate to the problem of polymerized in-situ, and make preparation process more simple, the internal resistance simultaneously avoiding polymer battery is increased.And the introducing of quenching process, conducting salt in battery can be avoided as LiPF
6producing decomposition because being in high temperature for a long time, causing battery performance to decline.
Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, further illustrate the present invention, but the present invention is not limited to these embodiments, any improvement or alternative on essence spirit of the present invention, still belongs to scope required for protection in claims of the present invention.
Specific embodiments
Embodiment 1
By following method polymer battery:
Prepared by positive pole: by NMP (1-METHYLPYRROLIDONE) solvent 40wt%, CNT (carbon nano-tube) 5wt%, LiCoO
2after 50wt% and PVdF 5wt% mixes, dispersed with stirring is even, controls CNT (carbon nano-tube), LiCoO
2with the one side coating density 180-190g/m of PVdF
2, slurry is coated in the aluminium foil both sides of 16 micron thickness of certain size and oven dry of heating, then pole piece roll-in is cut into anode pole piece, by positive pole ear high-frequency welding on pole piece to 120-125 micron thickness.
Prepared by negative pole: after NMP50wt%, CNT (carbon nano-tube) 5wt%, electrographite 50wt% and PVdF5wt% being mixed, dispersed with stirring is even, controls the one side coating density 80-90g/m of CNT (carbon nano-tube), electrographite box PVA
2, obtained slurry is coated in the Copper Foil both sides of 15 micron thickness by certain requirement and dries, and is cut to cathode pole piece by dividing after pole piece roll-in to 110-116 micron, by negative lug high-frequency welding or resistance welded on pole piece.
Matrix barrier film coating copolymer: by the vinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene copolymer 8wt% of molal weight between 350000 ~ 550000g/mol, ethyl acetate 5wt%, diethyl carbonate 87wt% are coated in the polypropylene diaphragm both sides of 20 micron thickness after mixing and oven dry of heating removes desolventizing.
Winding encapsulation: be wound into fuse after adopting the barrier film of coating copolymer to encase negative pole completely together with positive pole, the fuse after winding put into the outer packing shell of given shape, add heat-seal outer packing shell.
Import liquid phase electrolyte: be organic solvent and the LiPF of EC: DMC: EMC=1: 1: 6 by volume ratio
6mix (LiPF in rear importing battery
60.7mol/L).
Electrolyte gelation: battery two major surfaces apply 40 kilograms/cm2 pressure.Battery is placed in high temperature constant temperature 90 DEG C of atmosphere lower 30 minutes by the first stage; Battery is placed in low temperature 15 DEG C of atmosphere lower 30 minutes by second stage, obtains one and comprises gel-polymer electrolyte electrolyte cell.
Activated batteries: battery constant current 0.1 multiplying power is charged 3.5 hours.
Battery detecting: 1 multiplying power discharging capacity of test battery and internal resistance and 50 weeks circulation volume conservation rates.
Embodiment 2
The electrolyte gelation first stage adopts 85 DEG C of constant temperature 60 minutes, and battery is placed in low temperature 20 DEG C of atmosphere lower 60 minutes by second stage, and all the other techniques are identical with embodiment 1.
Embodiment 3
The electrolyte gelation first stage adopts 80 DEG C of constant temperature 90 minutes, and battery is placed in low temperature 10 DEG C of atmosphere lower 20 minutes by second stage, and all the other techniques are identical with embodiment 1.
Comparative example 1
The electrolyte gelation first stage adopts 50 DEG C of constant temperature 30 minutes, and battery is placed in low temperature 15 DEG C of atmosphere lower 30 minutes by second stage, and all the other techniques are identical with embodiment 1.
Comparative example 2
The electrolyte gelation first stage adopts high temperature constant temperature 90 DEG C of atmosphere process 30 minutes, and second stage does not take cryogenic condensation electrolyte, and all the other techniques are identical with embodiment 1.
Table 1 is tested for the embodiment 1 and comparative example 1-2 adopting different electrolyte gelation condition the battery performance obtained and is contrasted.
Table 1
Test number |
Design capacity (mAh) |
Actual measurement capacity (mAh) |
Internal resistance (m Ω) |
50 weeks circulation volume conservation rates |
Electrolyte conditions (dissection battery) |
Embodiment 1 |
652 |
658 |
33.2 |
96.5% |
Without liquid phase electrolyte, gel electrolyte is all bonded as one two major surfaces of positive and negative electrode and barrier film, and adhesion strength is large |
Comparative example 1 |
655 |
618 |
48.5 |
91.4% |
Electrolyte is flowable liquid phase, positive and negative electrode and barrier film non-caked, disconnected from each other |
Comparative example 2 |
649 |
595 |
56.8 |
87.5% |
Electrolyte is the flowable liquid phase in local, and some gelled electrolyte is positive and negative electrode and barrier film local bonding, and adhesion strength is little |
The data obtained as can be seen from above 3 different gelation conditions examples: in comparative example 1,50 DEG C of constant temperature, 30 minutes high temperature plasticization copolymer effects of electrolyte gelation first stage are undesirable, the temperature of 50 DEG C is not enough to allow the copolymer be coated on barrier film soften, even if therefore the condensing condition of second stage is identical with embodiment 1 the liquid phase electrolyte in battery can not be converted into gel-polymer electrolyte matter, just, negative plate and barrier film can not be bonded as one, the excessive transmission speed that have impact on lithium ion of spacing each other, the capacity reducing battery plays, internal resistance and circulation volume conservation rate etc., in comparative example 2, the electrolyte gelation first stage takes the condition identical with embodiment 1, the high temperature of 90 DEG C can allow the complete plasticization of the copolymer be coated on barrier film, softening, but the impact caused after the cryogenic condensation of second stage removes is---the conducting salt in electrolyte decomposes comparatively serious in long hot environment, and the capacity affecting both positive and negative polarity active matter plays.In addition, copolymer plasticization, softening after do not solidify setting completely, two major surfaces of positive and negative electrode and barrier film can not be bonded as one completely, only obtain a kind of electrolyte comprising liquid phase and gel state and coexist, also reduce the speed that lithium ion transmits in the electrolyte, cause the deterioration of battery performance.
Visible, in technique of the present invention, two the necessary condition hot mastication copolymers and the cryogenic condensation that obtain gel polymer electrolyte are all indispensable, its condition must be enough to allow and is coated on that copolymer on barrier film is completely softening at high temperature, low temperature solidifies setting completely, could obtain the solid lithium ion battery that chemical property is good.