CN101549631A - Power system of simple electric vehicle operation method thereof - Google Patents
Power system of simple electric vehicle operation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN101549631A CN101549631A CNA2009101168121A CN200910116812A CN101549631A CN 101549631 A CN101549631 A CN 101549631A CN A2009101168121 A CNA2009101168121 A CN A2009101168121A CN 200910116812 A CN200910116812 A CN 200910116812A CN 101549631 A CN101549631 A CN 101549631A
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title abstract description 4
- 230000001360 synchronised effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000011017 operating method Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 230000001172 regenerating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000007257 malfunction Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- GOLXNESZZPUPJE-UHFFFAOYSA-N spiromesifen Chemical compound CC1=CC(C)=CC(C)=C1C(C(O1)=O)=C(OC(=O)CC(C)(C)C)C11CCCC1 GOLXNESZZPUPJE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000875 corresponding effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000037361 pathway Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000026683 transduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010361 transduction Methods 0.000 description 1
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L15/00—Methods, circuits, or devices for controlling the traction-motor speed of electrically-propelled vehicles
- B60L15/20—Methods, circuits, or devices for controlling the traction-motor speed of electrically-propelled vehicles for control of the vehicle or its driving motor to achieve a desired performance, e.g. speed, torque, programmed variation of speed
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L2220/00—Electrical machine types; Structures or applications thereof
- B60L2220/10—Electrical machine types
- B60L2220/14—Synchronous machines
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L2240/00—Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
- B60L2240/40—Drive Train control parameters
- B60L2240/52—Drive Train control parameters related to converters
- B60L2240/525—Temperature of converter or components thereof
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
- H02P2207/00—Indexing scheme relating to controlling arrangements characterised by the type of motor
- H02P2207/05—Synchronous machines, e.g. with permanent magnets or DC excitation
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/64—Electric machine technologies in electromobility
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/72—Electric energy management in electromobility
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Transportation (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)
- Control Of Ac Motors In General (AREA)
Abstract
The present invention relates to a power system for simple electric vehicle and operational method thereof, including an AC permanent magnet synchronous machine (PMSM) and a motor control system, wherein the motor control system employs a digital signal processing (DSP) chip; the power system is controlled to switch among six modes of a inhibited mode, a zero torque mode, a speed mode, a torque mode, a alarm mode and a fault mode through a entire-car controller.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the car drive system, be specifically related to a kind of power system and operating method thereof of pure electric vehicle.
Background technology
At present, people's pay attention to day by day is to the protection of environment and the use effectively and reasonably of the energy.Therefore, pure electric automobiles efficient, energy-saving and environmental protection become one of auto trade development tendency.Pure electric drive system can be accomplished the purpose of low energy consumption and zero-emission, has market-oriented prospect.In car, use; be subjected to the restriction of installing space; volume size to motor driven systems requires harsh; and in the prior art; can't realize control and protection to power drive system; thereby also just can't guarantee the normal reliable operation of pure electric sedan power drive system, guarantee the traveling comfort of driving simultaneously.
Summary of the invention
The power system and the How It Works thereof that the objective of the invention is to a kind of pure electric vehicle, comprise AC permanent magnet synchronous motor PMSM and electric machine control system, wherein, electric machine control system adopts digital signal processing digital signal processing (Digital Signal Processing) dsp chip; By the vehicle control unit controls power system in prohibited mode, zero torque mode, velocity mode, torque mode, alarm mode, failure mode control transformation between totally six kinds of patterns.
The general sine wave permanent magnet synchronous dynamo that adopts in the pure electric automobile drive system, it has reliable, remarkable advantage such as volume is little, light weight, loss is few, efficient is high and shape and size are versatile and flexible, can not only drive car load, and can reclaim battery charge by braking energy, in this pure electric sedan electric machine control system, adopt the dsp chip of Ti company, the high-speed computation ability of DSP and efficient control ability towards motor are integrated in one.In order to guarantee the normal reliable operation of pure electric vehicle motor driven systems, six kinds of operation mode of operations have been adopted.
Concrete technical scheme is as follows:
A kind of power system of pure electric vehicle comprises AC permanent magnet synchronous motor PMSM and electric machine control system, and wherein, electric machine control system adopts digital signal processing digital signal processing (Digital SignalProcessing) dsp chip.
Described AC permanent magnet synchronous motor can carry out that normal torque drive, low speed are advanced, regenerating braking energy reclaims, driving power is provided.
Thereby electric machine control system is controlled and is realized that described normal torque drive, low speed are advanced, regenerating braking energy reclaims, driving power is provided.
Described AC permanent magnet synchronous motor has six kinds of operational modes, is respectively: forbid, zero moment of torsion, speed, moment of torsion, fault and alarm mode.
Entire car controller is controlled described six kinds of operational modes and is carried out control transformation.
A kind of operating method of power system of pure electric vehicle is characterized in that, by the vehicle control unit controls power system in prohibited mode, zero torque mode, velocity mode, torque mode, alarm mode, failure mode control transformation between totally six kinds of patterns.
Under prohibited mode, the PWM door drives output and inverter forbids that fault all is eliminated; When detected electric current less than demarcating restriction, control system is removed the locking of electric current hardware; In the scope that detected temperature is being demarcated, remove the locking of excess temperature hardware; After normally powering on, electric machine control system at first enters prohibited mode.
Zero torque mode is the switch transition pattern of velocity mode and torque mode, and under zero torque mode, inverter normal operation, motor Be Controlled provide zero moment of torsion output, when high speed, needs the weak magnetoelectricity in the machine winding to flow with the compacting counter electromotive force.
Under velocity mode, vehicle is in the low cruise state, is mainly used in gear and is in D Drive, the vehicle start when E-gas is zero; The electric machine control system control loop is regulated Motor torque to reach the speed that makes motor operate in appointment, and this moment of torsion can not become negative value, and when motor is driven to than requiring the higher rotating speed of speed, it is zero that control torque is clamped down on.
Under torque mode, when the car load driven, motor operates in this pattern, and this pattern provides driving torque and regenerative brake function, and torque control is the core of motor vector controlled, to the CAN information of motor demand torque instruction from entire car controller; The Motor torque that obtains when electric machine control system provides torque peak above motor, and this torque command is clamped down on is maximum torque; For offsetting the influence of counter electromotive force to motor, can reach the moment of torsion of demand, when high speed, use weak magnetic control system, the electric machine control system control loop is regulated moment of torsion and is remained to command value.
Under alarm mode, the inverter normal operation, when electric machine control system detect motor stator and inverter temperature in a limited range time moment of torsion be limited in certain scope.
Under failure mode, inverter and PWM door drive and all are under an embargo.
In sensor fault, door driving malfunction, fault of converter, excess temperature fault, overvoltage fault, over current fault take place one or several, electric machine control system enters failure mode, enters the removing that must realize by electric machine control system is resetted behind the failure mode fault.
Under the motor present mode, the input and output that initialization is all, initialization CAN communication, electric machine control system enters prohibited mode.
Under the prohibited mode, to detect whole vehicle state normal when entire car controller, and/or electric machine control system to detect the electric system state normal, and/or entire car controller allows inverter normal operation and request to enter zero torque mode, and/or gear is in neutral gear, then enters zero torque mode.
Under zero torque mode, when gear is in D Drive, and/or chaufeur is not operated efp, and/or entire car controller request motor enters the slow speed of revolution running state, and/or car load low speed starting, and/or chaufeur operates E-gas, and entire car controller request electric machine control system enters zero torque mode, and entire car controller request electric machine control system enters torque mode after entering zero torque mode.
Under zero torque mode/velocity mode, when gear is in D Drive or reverse, and/or chaufeur operates E-gas, and entire car controller request electric machine control system enters torque mode; When motor temperature or inverter temperature reach certain temperature range, then torque request is limited, prevent that motor or inverter excess temperature from making system enter failure mode.
Compare with present prior art; the present invention is by control and the protection of the realization of the switching between six kinds of operational modes of electric machine control system to power drive system; by six kinds of operational modes to the pure electric sedan electric machine control system; realize the normal reliable operation of pure electric sedan power drive system, guarantee the traveling comfort of driving simultaneously.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the mode converting scheme drawing;
Among the figure: 1. motor present mode, 2. prohibited mode, 3. 0 torque mode, 4. velocity mode, 5. torque mode, 6. failure mode
The specific embodiment
Describe the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings below, it is a kind of preferred embodiment in the numerous embodiments of the present invention.
Pure electric sedan system is to adopt AC permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) in the present embodiment, and it mainly provides four kinds of functions:
1, normal torque drive;
2, low speed is advanced;
3, regenerating braking energy reclaims;
4, provide driving power.
The realization of these functions realizes by the control module of motor.In this pure electric sedan system, motor has following six kinds of operational modes, and the control transformation between these six kinds of patterns realizes by the instruction of entire car controller.
(1) forbids
(2) zero moment of torsion
(3) speed
(4) moment of torsion
(5) fault
(6) report to the police
Wherein zero moment of torsion, speed, moment of torsion, reporting to the police is main actv. mode.Forbid with failure mode under inverter forbid.Six kinds of patterns are specific as follows:
1. electric machine control system prohibited mode
PWM door driving output and inverter are forbidden under prohibited mode.Any fault all is eliminated; If detected electric current is less than demarcating restriction, control system can be removed the locking of electric current hardware; If detected temperature in the scope of demarcating, is removed the locking of excess temperature hardware.After normally powering on, electric machine control system at first can enter prohibited mode.
2. zero torque mode
Inverter energy normal operation, motor Be Controlled provide zero moment of torsion output, when high speed, need the weak magnetoelectricity in the machine winding to flow with the compacting counter electromotive force.Therefore zero torque mode is velocity mode and torque mode switch transition pattern, for the motor operation provides reliable guarantee.Mode converting is illustrated in fig. 1 shown below: discontented foot Fig. 1 transduction pathway all be considered to fault.
3. velocity mode
This pattern only is used in vehicle low cruise state, is mainly used in gear and is in D Drive, the vehicle start when E-gas is zero; The motor control module control loop is regulated Motor torque to reach the speed that makes motor operate in appointment, and this moment of torsion can not become negative value, if motor is driven to when requiring the higher rotating speed of speed, it is zero that control torque will be clamped down on.
4. torque mode
Under the situation of car load driven, motor operates in torque mode.This pattern provides driving torque and regenerative brake function, and torque control is the core of this motor vector controlled; To the CAN information of motor demand torque instruction from entire car controller; Provide torque peak if the Motor torque that electric machine control system obtains surpasses motor, this torque command can be clamped down on is maximum torque.In order to offset the influence of counter electromotive force to motor, can reach the moment of torsion of demand, when high speed, use field weakening control method.The electric machine control system control loop can be regulated moment of torsion and remain to command value.
5. alarm mode
Inverter normal operation under this pattern; When electric machine control system detect motor stator and inverter temperature in a certain limited range the time torque request can be limited in certain scope.
6. failure mode
Inverter and PWM door drive and all are under an embargo under this pattern.
Failure mode at the system failure for example is: sensor fault, door driving malfunction, fault of converter, excess temperature fault, overvoltage fault, over current fault etc. are used for protecting electric driving control system hardware and motor.If DSP detects the fault relevant with controller hardware.Such as: inverter make mistakes, door driving power fault etc.DSP can control inverter and can not be produced drive signal.DSP can pass to entire car controller to breakdown signal by CAN, and entire car controller can be made corresponding action till system reset to hardware.
In conjunction with the accompanying drawings 1 and six kind of pattern, its conversion regime and condition are as follows:
A. current operation electric machine control system program; The input and output that initialization is all; Initialization CAN communication; Electric machine control system enters prohibited mode; Any fault all is eliminated; If detected electric current is less than demarcating restriction, control system can be removed the locking of electric current hardware; If detected temperature in the scope of demarcating, is removed the locking of excess temperature hardware.
B. entire car controller detection whole vehicle state is normal; It is normal that electric machine control system detects the electric system state; Entire car controller allows inverter normal operation and request to enter zero torque mode; Gear is in neutral gear.
C. gear is in D Drive; Chaufeur is not operated efp; Entire car controller request motor enters the slow speed of revolution running state; The starting of car load low speed; When chaufeur is operated E-gas, entire car controller request electric machine control system enters zero torque mode, successfully enter zero torque mode after entire car controller request electric machine control system enter torque mode.
D. gear is in D Drive or reverse; Chaufeur is operated E-gas; Entire car controller request electric machine control system enters torque mode; After motor temperature or inverter temperature reach certain temperature range, torque request is limited, prevent that motor or inverter excess temperature from making system enter failure mode.
E. take place under sensor fault, door driving malfunction, fault of converter, excess temperature fault, overvoltage fault, the over current fault situation, electric machine control system enters failure mode; Enter the removing that must realize by electric machine control system is resetted behind the failure mode to fault.
F. take place under sensor fault, door driving malfunction, fault of converter, excess temperature fault, overvoltage fault, the over current fault situation, electric machine control system enters failure mode; Enter the removing that must realize by electric machine control system is resetted behind the failure mode to fault.
G. take place under sensor fault, door driving malfunction, fault of converter, excess temperature fault, overvoltage fault, the over current fault situation, electric machine control system enters failure mode; Enter the removing that must realize by electric machine control system is resetted behind the failure mode to fault.
H. take place under sensor fault, door driving malfunction, fault of converter, excess temperature fault, overvoltage fault, the over current fault situation, electric machine control system enters failure mode; Enter the removing that must realize by electric machine control system is resetted behind the failure mode to fault.
In conjunction with the accompanying drawings the present invention has been carried out exemplary description above; obviously specific implementation of the present invention is not subjected to the restriction of aforesaid way; as long as the various improvement of having adopted method design of the present invention and technical scheme to carry out; or directly apply to other occasion without improvement, all within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (17)
1, a kind of power system of pure electric vehicle is characterized in that, comprises AC permanent magnet synchronous motor PMSM and electric machine control system, and wherein, electric machine control system adopts the digital signal processing dsp chip.
2, the power system of pure electric vehicle as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, described AC permanent magnet synchronous motor can carry out that normal torque drive, low speed are advanced, regenerating braking energy reclaims, driving power is provided.
3, the power system of pure electric vehicle as claimed in claim 2 is characterized in that, thereby electric machine control system is controlled and realized that described normal torque drive, low speed are advanced, regenerating braking energy reclaims, driving power is provided.
As the power system of each described pure electric vehicle among the claim 1-3, it is characterized in that 4, described AC permanent magnet synchronous motor has six kinds of operational modes, is respectively: forbid, zero moment of torsion, speed, moment of torsion, fault and alarm mode.
5, the power system of pure electric vehicle as claimed in claim 4 is characterized in that, entire car controller is controlled described six kinds of operational modes and carried out control transformation.
6, the operating method of the power system of the described pure electric vehicle of a kind of claim 1-5, it is characterized in that, by the vehicle control unit controls power system in prohibited mode, zero torque mode, velocity mode, torque mode, alarm mode, failure mode control transformation between totally six kinds of patterns.
7, as the operating method of the power system of pure electric vehicle as described in the claim 6, it is characterized in that under prohibited mode, the PWM door drives output and inverter forbids that fault all is eliminated; When detected electric current less than demarcating restriction, control system is removed the locking of electric current hardware; In the scope that detected temperature is being demarcated, remove the locking of excess temperature hardware; After normally powering on, electric machine control system at first enters prohibited mode.
8, as the operating method of the power system of pure electric vehicle as described in the claim 6, it is characterized in that, zero torque mode is the switch transition pattern of velocity mode and torque mode, under zero torque mode, the inverter normal operation, the motor Be Controlled provides zero moment of torsion output, when high speed, needs the weak magnetoelectricity in the machine winding to flow with the compacting counter electromotive force.
9, as the operating method of the power system of pure electric vehicle as described in the claim 6, it is characterized in that under velocity mode, vehicle is in the low cruise state, be mainly used in gear and be in D Drive, the vehicle start when E-gas is zero; The electric machine control system control loop is regulated Motor torque to reach the speed that makes motor operate in appointment, and this moment of torsion can not become negative value, and when motor is driven to than requiring the higher rotating speed of speed, it is zero that control torque is clamped down on.
10, as the operating method of the power system of pure electric vehicle as described in the claim 6, it is characterized in that, under torque mode, when the car load driven, motor operates in this pattern, this pattern provides driving torque and regenerative brake function, and torque control is the core of motor vector controlled, to the CAN information of motor demand torque instruction from entire car controller; The Motor torque that obtains when electric machine control system provides torque peak above motor, and this torque command is clamped down on is maximum torque; For offsetting the influence of counter electromotive force to motor, can reach the moment of torsion of demand, when high speed, use weak magnetic control system, the electric machine control system control loop is regulated moment of torsion and is remained to command value.
11, as the operating method of the power system of pure electric vehicle as described in the claim 6, it is characterized in that, under alarm mode, the inverter normal operation, when electric machine control system detect motor stator and inverter temperature in a limited range time moment of torsion be limited in certain scope.
12, as the operating method of the power system of pure electric vehicle as described in the claim 6, it is characterized in that under failure mode, inverter and PWM door drive and all be under an embargo.
13, as the operating method of the power system of claim 6-12 pure electric vehicle described in each, it is characterized in that, in sensor fault, door driving malfunction, fault of converter, excess temperature fault, overvoltage fault, over current fault take place one or several, electric machine control system enters failure mode, enters the removing that must realize by electric machine control system is resetted behind the failure mode fault.
14, as the operating method of the power system of claim 6-12 pure electric vehicle described in each, it is characterized in that, under the motor present mode, the input and output that initialization is all, initialization CAN communication, electric machine control system enters prohibited mode.
15, as the operating method of the power system of claim 6-12 pure electric vehicle described in each, it is characterized in that, under the prohibited mode, to detect whole vehicle state normal when entire car controller, and/or electric machine control system detection electric system state is normal, and/or entire car controller allows inverter normal operation and request to enter zero torque mode, and/or gear is in neutral gear, then enters zero torque mode.
16, as the operating method of the power system of claim 6-12 pure electric vehicle described in each, it is characterized in that, under zero torque mode, when gear is in D Drive, and/or chaufeur is not operated efp, and/or entire car controller request motor enters the slow speed of revolution running state, and/or car load low speed starting, and/or chaufeur is operated E-gas, entire car controller request electric machine control system enters zero torque mode, and entire car controller request electric machine control system enters torque mode after entering zero torque mode.
17, as the operating method of the power system of claim 6-12 pure electric vehicle described in each, it is characterized in that, under zero torque mode/velocity mode, when gear is in D Drive or reverse, and/or chaufeur operates E-gas, and entire car controller request electric machine control system enters torque mode; When motor temperature or inverter temperature reach certain temperature range, then torque request is limited, prevent that motor or inverter excess temperature from making system enter failure mode.
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CN2009101168121A CN101549631B (en) | 2009-05-18 | 2009-05-18 | Power system of simple electric vehicle operation method thereof |
PCT/CN2010/072841 WO2010133156A1 (en) | 2009-05-18 | 2010-05-17 | Power system for pure electric vehicle and operation method thereof |
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