CN101544709A - Active free radical polymerization adjusting and controlling agent and preparation thereof - Google Patents
Active free radical polymerization adjusting and controlling agent and preparation thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN101544709A CN101544709A CN200910050287A CN200910050287A CN101544709A CN 101544709 A CN101544709 A CN 101544709A CN 200910050287 A CN200910050287 A CN 200910050287A CN 200910050287 A CN200910050287 A CN 200910050287A CN 101544709 A CN101544709 A CN 101544709A
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Abstract
The invention discloses an active free radical polymerization adjusting and controlling agent and application thereof. The adjusting and controlling agent is a vulcanization accelerator, namely dithiodiisopropyl xanthate, can be applied to the reversible addition-cracking chain transfer free radical polymerization. A homopolymerization process comprises the following steps: before polymerization, mixing an initiator, the adjusting and controlling agent, a monomer and a solvent; placing the mixture into a reaction bottle; and starting a polymerization reaction at a certain temperature after three times of airtight freeze thawing deaeration. A chain extension process comprises the following steps: before polymerization, mixing the initiator, a macromolecular chain transfer agent, the monomer and the solvent; placing the mixture in the reaction bottle; and starting the polymerization reaction at a certain temperature after three times of airtight freeze thawing deaeration. The active free radical polymerization adjusting and controlling agent has good adjusting and controlling capabilities for a vinyl acetate monomer. In the homopolymerization process, the molecular weight is controllable, grows gradually, and is distributed narrowly; and the chain extension can be carried out based on a homopolymer to obtain a block copolymer. Simultaneously, the adjusting and controlling agent has no irritating flavor, a mature industrial preparation method and low cost.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the macromole field, relate in particular to a kind of active free radical polymerization adjusting control agent and application thereof.
Background technology
As in the active free radical polymerization important one, (ReversibleAddition-Fragmentation chain Transfer, RAFT) free radical polymerisation process has been obtained development rapidly at recent two decades in reversible addition-cracking chain transfer.Characteristics such as this polymerization process has mild condition, and monomer is applied widely are widely used in block, grafting, hyperbranched and star-like etc. have the synthetic of ad hoc structure polymkeric substance.
It should be noted that wherein adjusting control agent, or be called chain-transfer agent (CTA) and in the RAFT polymerization, play crucial effect that its activating group and leavings group have a direct impact reaction kinetics.Therefore nearly all discussion about RAFT mechanism, the synthetic design of the polymkeric substance of different structure all are around the CTA unfolded.
In the RAFT polymerization modal CTA be two thiobenzoic acid cumyl esters (cumyl dithiobenzoate, CDB) and two thiobenzoic acid α methyl benzyl esters (1-phenylethyl dithiobenzoate, PEDB).To some common monomers,, in the monomeric regulation and control of methyl acrylic ester, shown ability of regulation and control preferably as vinylbenzene.But the weak point of this class adjusting control agent also clearly.
At first, its preparation condition is comparatively harsh, complex steps, and its productive rate can not get effective assurance.
Secondly in the preparation process of this class CTA,, easily emit the sulfurous gas of band foul odour owing to will involve the problems such as acidifying of two sulfo-Grignard reagents, bigger to environmental influence and Health hazard.And this class CTA product itself also can be emitted extremely smelly smell, has caused certain obstruction for its industrial application.
In addition, the monomer that this class CTA can regulate and control is limited in scope, and is uncommon for the regulation and control of some common monomers (as the vinyl acetate class).
Based on above these shortcomings, it is a kind of industrial producible just to need us to seek, and itself does not have irritating smell, and can better regulate and control the CTA of vinyl acetate class monomer polymerization.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of novel active free radical polymerization adjusting control agent, this adjusting control agent is as reversible addition-cracking chain transfer radical polymerization adjusting control agent, for the vinyl acetate between to for plastic esters monomer ability of regulation and control is preferably arranged, the homopolymer molecular weight that makes is controlled and progressively increase, molecular weight distribution is narrower, on the basis of homopolymer, can carry out chain extension, obtain segmented copolymer, simultaneously, this adjusting control agent does not have tangible irritating smell, industrial making method maturation, with low cost.
For achieving the above object, the invention provides a kind of active free radical polymerization adjusting control agent, described adjusting control agent is a vulcanization accelerator, i.e. dithiodiisopropyl xanthate, its structure is as follows:
Above-mentioned adjusting control agent provided by the present invention can be applicable to reversible addition-cracking chain transfer radical polymerization.
Homopolymerization: before the polymerization, after initiator, adjusting control agent, monomer, solvent, place reaction flask, after the sealing freeze thawing degassing three times, begin polyreaction under the following conditions: wherein, the molar ratio of initiator and adjusting control agent is 1: 1-2: 1, and the molar ratio of monomer and adjusting control agent is 100-400, the volume ratio of monomer and solvent is 1: 2-2: 1; Temperature of reaction is 50-70 ℃, and the reaction times is 15-40 hours.
Wherein, above-mentioned monomer is the vinyl acetate between to for plastic esters monomer, and its structural formula is as follows:
R is an alkyl in the formula.
Chain extension: before the polymerization, after initiator, macromolecular chain transfer agent, monomer, solvent, place reaction flask, after the sealing freeze thawing degassing three times, begin polyreaction under the following conditions: wherein, the molar ratio of initiator and macromolecular chain transfer agent is 1: 2-1: 1, and the molar ratio of monomer and macromolecular chain transfer agent is 100-200, the volume ratio of monomer and solvent is 1: 2-2: 1; Temperature of reaction is 50-70 ℃, and the reaction times is 25-60 hours.
Wherein, above-mentioned macromolecular chain transfer agent is a polyvinyl acetate (PVA), and described monomer is the vinyl acetate between to for plastic esters monomer.
Preferably, in the above-mentioned chain extending reaction, described monomer is a tertiary ethylene carbonate.
Active free radical polymerization adjusting control agent provided by the present invention, compared with prior art, have following beneficial effect: RAFT polymerization adjusting and controlling provided by the invention agent is Industrial products, has the output height, cost is low, advantages such as mature production technology have comparatively significant meaning for the RAFT polymerization being pushed to industrialization; Polymerization adjusting and controlling agent provided by the present invention is different from common CTA because of structure, so itself does not have tangible irritating smell, and is less for user's health and environmental hazard influence; It is controlled to use radical polymerization adjusting control agent provided by the present invention can prepare molecular weight, the vinyl acetate between to for plastic esters polymer that molecular weight distribution is narrower, polymerization process has embodied the feature of active free radical polymerization, be the controlled and progressively growth of molecular weight, molecular weight distribution narrower (being generally between 1.3～1.6); And prepared polymkeric substance, can carry out further chain extension, be applied to novel block copolymer---the preparation of polyvinyl acetate (PVA)-poly-tertiary ethylene carbonate, the process of chain extension is the process of a living polymerization equally, molecular weight is controlled and progressively increase molecular weight distribution narrower (being generally between 1.3～1.6).
The enforcement of above-mentioned adjusting control agent is verified in an embodiment.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the GPC curve that the molecular weight of vinyl acetate polymerization system among the embodiment 1 changes.
Fig. 2 is the GPC curve that the molecular weight of vinyl acetate polymerization system among the embodiment 2 changes.
Fig. 3 is the GPC curve that the molecular weight of vinyl acetate polymerization system among the embodiment 3 changes.
Fig. 4 is the GPC curve that the molecular weight of tertiary ethylene carbonate polymerization system among the embodiment 4 changes.
The GPC curve that Fig. 5 changes for the molecular weight that carries out the tertiary ethylene carbonate chain extension on polyvinyl acetate (PVA).
The GPC curve that Fig. 6 changes for the molecular weight that carries out the tertiary ethylene carbonate chain extension on polyvinyl acetate (PVA).
The GPC curve that Fig. 7 changes for the molecular weight that carries out the vinyl acetate chain extension on polyvinyl acetate (PVA).
Embodiment
Further describe the present invention by the following examples, but be not limited thereto.
Embodiment 1
In 100ml single port bottle, add Diisopropyl azodicarboxylate AIBN (0.3g, 1.8mmol), adjusting control agent DIP (0.5g, 1.8mmol), vinyl acetate (34m1,0.36mol) and 20ml benzene.After the sealing, the freeze thawing degassing three times is reacted under 60 ℃, reacts 24 hours.Regularly by the sampling of minute hand head, the sample of taking-up places the liquid nitrogen quenching rapidly, and the back that thaws is by GPC observation change of molecular weight situation.Experimental result as shown in Figure 1.
Embodiment 2
In 150ml single port bottle, add AIBN (0.45g, 2.4mmol), DIP (0.5g, 1.8mmol), vinyl acetate (50ml, 0.54mol) and 30ml benzene.After the sealing, the freeze thawing degassing three times is reacted under 60 ℃, reacts 30 hours.Regularly by the sampling of minute hand head, the sample of taking-up places the liquid nitrogen quenching rapidly, and the back that thaws is by GPC observation change of molecular weight situation.Experimental result as shown in Figure 2.
Embodiment 3
In 250ml single port bottle, add AIBN (0.6g, 3.6mmol), DIP (0.5g, 1.8mmol), vinyl acetate (60ml, 0.62mol) and 100ml benzene.After the sealing, the freeze thawing degassing three times is reacted under 60 ℃, reacts 18 hours.Regularly by the sampling of minute hand head, the sample of taking-up places the liquid nitrogen quenching rapidly, and the back that thaws is by GPC observation change of molecular weight situation.Experimental result as shown in Figure 3.
Embodiment 4
In 50ml single port bottle, add AIBN (0.12g, 0.72mmol), DIP (0.2g, 0.72mmol), tertiary ethylene carbonate (16ml, 0.14mmol) and 16ml benzene.After the sealing, the freeze thawing degassing three times is reacted under 60 ℃, reacts 26 hours.Regularly by the sampling of minute hand head, the sample of taking-up places the liquid nitrogen quenching rapidly, and the back that thaws is by GPC observation change of molecular weight situation.Experimental result as shown in Figure 4.
Embodiment 5
In 150ml single port bottle, add AIBN (0.04g, 0.24mol), molecular weight is 11200 macromole CTA---PVA (5.4g, 0.48mmol), tertiary ethylene carbonate (22ml, 0.09mol) and 40ml benzene.After the sealing, the freeze thawing degassing three times is reacted under 60 ℃, reacts 50 hours.Regularly by the sampling of minute hand head, the sample of taking-up places the liquid nitrogen quenching rapidly, and the back that thaws is by GPC observation change of molecular weight situation.Experimental result as shown in Figure 5.
Embodiment 6
In 100ml single port bottle, add AIBN (0.04g, 0.24mol), molecular weight is 6000 macromole CTA---PVA (3g, 0.48mmol), tertiary ethylene carbonate (22ml, 0.09mol) and 20ml benzene.After the sealing, the freeze thawing degassing three times is reacted under 60 ℃, reacts 54 hours, and regularly by the sampling of minute hand head, the sample of taking-up places the liquid nitrogen quenching rapidly.Thaw the back by GPC observation change of molecular weight situation.Experimental result as shown in Figure 6.
Embodiment 7
In 50ml single port bottle, add AIBN (0.04g, 0.24mmol), molecular weight is 6000 macromole CTA---PVA (2g, 0.32mmol), vinyl acetate (9.2ml, 0.09mol) and 10ml benzene.After the sealing, the freeze thawing degassing three times is reacted under 60 ℃, reacts 24 hours.Regularly by the sampling of minute hand head, the sample of taking-up places the liquid nitrogen quenching rapidly, and the back that thaws is by GPC observation change of molecular weight situation.Experimental result as shown in Figure 7.
Claims (7)
1, a kind of active free radical polymerization adjusting control agent, it is characterized in that: described adjusting control agent is a vulcanization accelerator, i.e. dithiodiisopropyl xanthate, its structure is as follows:
2, adjusting control agent as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: described adjusting control agent is applied to reversible addition-cracking chain transfer radical polymerization.
3, the application method of adjusting control agent as claimed in claim 2 is characterized in that: before the polymerization, after initiator, adjusting control agent, monomer, solvent, place reaction flask, after the sealing freeze thawing degassing three times, begin polyreaction under the following conditions:
Wherein, the molar ratio of initiator and adjusting control agent is 1: 1-2: 1, and the molar ratio of monomer and adjusting control agent is 100-400, the volume ratio of monomer and solvent is 1: 2-2: 1; Temperature of reaction is 50-70 ℃, and the reaction times is 15-40 hours.
4, the application method of adjusting control agent as claimed in claim 3 is characterized in that: described monomer is the vinyl acetate between to for plastic esters monomer.
5, the application method of adjusting control agent as claimed in claim 2 is characterized in that: before the polymerization, after initiator, macromolecular chain transfer agent, monomer, solvent, place reaction flask, after the sealing freeze thawing degassing three times, begin polyreaction under the following conditions:
Wherein, the molar ratio of initiator and macromolecular chain transfer agent is 1: 2-1: 1, and the molar ratio of monomer and macromolecular chain transfer agent is 100-200, the volume ratio of monomer and solvent is 1: 2-2: 1; Temperature of reaction is 50-70 ℃, and the reaction times is 25-60 hours.
6, the application method of adjusting control agent as claimed in claim 5 is characterized in that: described macromolecular chain transfer agent is a polyvinyl acetate (PVA), and described monomer is the vinyl acetate between to for plastic esters monomer.
7, the application method of adjusting control agent as claimed in claim 6 is characterized in that: described monomer is a tertiary ethylene carbonate.
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Cited By (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102181001A (en) * | 2011-03-11 | 2011-09-14 | 北京化工大学 | Controllable/active free radical polymerization method |
| CN102952236A (en) * | 2011-08-29 | 2013-03-06 | 南开大学 | Molecularly imprinted polymeric microsphere resin applicable to aqueous solution system and preparing method thereof |
| CN103030755A (en) * | 2013-01-18 | 2013-04-10 | 复旦大学 | Method for synthesizing block polymers by reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer free radical polymerization |
| CN103214606A (en) * | 2013-04-28 | 2013-07-24 | 苏州大学 | Preparation method of cyclic polyvinyl acetate |
| CN103833915A (en) * | 2012-11-20 | 2014-06-04 | 南开大学 | Molecular imprinting polymer nanoparticles for pure biological sample, and preparation method thereof |
| CN103992441A (en) * | 2014-02-25 | 2014-08-20 | 上海大学 | High-molecular monomer method for preparing star polymer |
| CN104086682A (en) * | 2014-07-03 | 2014-10-08 | 苏州大学 | Method for synthetizing polyvinyl acetate with high molecular weight and narrow molecular-weight distribution |
| CN110627934A (en) * | 2019-09-19 | 2019-12-31 | 青岛科技大学 | Isotactic polypropylene with dithiobenzoic acid alpha-methylbenzyl ester as end group, and preparation method and application thereof |
| CN115785576A (en) * | 2022-12-06 | 2023-03-14 | 合肥工业大学 | Gamma-ray irradiation resistant ceramic flame-retardant fire-resistant cable sheath material and preparation method thereof |
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2009
- 2009-04-30 CN CN200910050287A patent/CN101544709A/en active Pending
Cited By (14)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102181001B (en) * | 2011-03-11 | 2013-01-23 | 北京化工大学 | Controllable/active free radical polymerization method |
| CN102181001A (en) * | 2011-03-11 | 2011-09-14 | 北京化工大学 | Controllable/active free radical polymerization method |
| CN102952236B (en) * | 2011-08-29 | 2017-07-07 | 南开大学 | It is suitable to molecular blotting polymer microsphere resin of water solution system and preparation method thereof |
| CN102952236A (en) * | 2011-08-29 | 2013-03-06 | 南开大学 | Molecularly imprinted polymeric microsphere resin applicable to aqueous solution system and preparing method thereof |
| CN103833915B (en) * | 2012-11-20 | 2018-04-13 | 南开大学 | Molecularly imprinted polymer nano particle suitable for pure biological sample and preparation method thereof |
| CN103833915A (en) * | 2012-11-20 | 2014-06-04 | 南开大学 | Molecular imprinting polymer nanoparticles for pure biological sample, and preparation method thereof |
| CN103030755A (en) * | 2013-01-18 | 2013-04-10 | 复旦大学 | Method for synthesizing block polymers by reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer free radical polymerization |
| CN103030755B (en) * | 2013-01-18 | 2015-04-22 | 复旦大学 | Method for synthesizing block polymers by reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer free radical polymerization |
| CN103214606A (en) * | 2013-04-28 | 2013-07-24 | 苏州大学 | Preparation method of cyclic polyvinyl acetate |
| CN103992441A (en) * | 2014-02-25 | 2014-08-20 | 上海大学 | High-molecular monomer method for preparing star polymer |
| CN104086682A (en) * | 2014-07-03 | 2014-10-08 | 苏州大学 | Method for synthetizing polyvinyl acetate with high molecular weight and narrow molecular-weight distribution |
| CN110627934A (en) * | 2019-09-19 | 2019-12-31 | 青岛科技大学 | Isotactic polypropylene with dithiobenzoic acid alpha-methylbenzyl ester as end group, and preparation method and application thereof |
| CN115785576A (en) * | 2022-12-06 | 2023-03-14 | 合肥工业大学 | Gamma-ray irradiation resistant ceramic flame-retardant fire-resistant cable sheath material and preparation method thereof |
| CN115785576B (en) * | 2022-12-06 | 2024-04-05 | 合肥工业大学 | Gamma-ray radiation resistant ceramic flame-retardant fire-resistant cable sheath material and preparation method thereof |
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Open date: 20090930 |