CN101539537B - Erbium-doped indium oxide gas-sensitive nano material, preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents

Erbium-doped indium oxide gas-sensitive nano material, preparation method and application thereof Download PDF

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CN101539537B
CN101539537B CN2009100836027A CN200910083602A CN101539537B CN 101539537 B CN101539537 B CN 101539537B CN 2009100836027 A CN2009100836027 A CN 2009100836027A CN 200910083602 A CN200910083602 A CN 200910083602A CN 101539537 B CN101539537 B CN 101539537B
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indium oxide
erbium
nano material
gas
sensitive
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CN101539537A (en
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郭广生
樊军
顾福博
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Beijing University of Chemical Technology
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Beijing University of Chemical Technology
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Abstract

The invention provides an erbium-doped indium oxide gas-sensitive nano material, a preparation method and application thereof. The erbium-doped indium oxide gas-sensitive nano material is an indium oxide nano material doped by erbium oxide and can be expressed as Er2O3-In2O3, wherein the molar ratio of Er to In is 0.25-2.5:100; the indium oxide is hollow spheres which consist of granules of 30 to60 nanometers and of which diameters are 200 to 300 nanometers; and the erbium oxide is attached to the surface of the indium oxide granules. The preparation method comprises the following steps: using indium salt, methanamide and m-dihydroxybenzene as raw materials to synthesize hollow indium hydroxide microspheres by adopting a hydro-thermal method, and drying and calcining the hollow microspheres to form indium oxide carriers; and then adding indium salt solution into the indium oxide, and grinding, drying and calcining the precipitate to obtain the erbium-doped indium oxide nano material. The gas-sensitive material has high sensitivity for ethanol, and can be used for manufacturing an ethanol gas sensor.

Description

Erbium-doped indium oxide gas-sensitive nano material
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of erbium-doped indium oxide gas-sensitive nano material and preparation method thereof.This gas sensitive has high sensitivity to ethanol, can be used to make alcohol gas sensor.
Background technology
Indium oxide is a kind of N-type semiconductor metal oxide, can be used as that testing environment is poisonous, the gas sensitive of harmful gas.Though tin oxide is to use one of the widest, that combination property is best gas sensitive at present, but still has some problems, people hope to search out better material.Indium oxide is as a kind of semiconductor material, has low resistivity, wide forbidden band and stable physical and chemical performance, and some gas meter is revealed better air-sensitive performance, has potential using value in the gas sensor field.The indium oxide nano material, because particle size reduces, specific surface area increases, and shows unique small-size effect and surface effect, and is more effective to the absorption of gas, thereby can greatly improve the sensitive property of material.
The indium oxide preparation of nanomaterials mainly contains: solid phase method, liquid phase method and vapor phase method.Wherein liquid phase method, device simple simple owing to the preparation method, appearance structure is controlled receives much concern.Liquid phase method can be divided into distinct methods such as coprecipitation, microemulsion method, hydro-thermal method, sol-gal process, template again.Hydro-thermal method extensively adopts because of its advantage at aspects such as granularity control, synthesis technique and costs is studied personnel.
Big quantity research shows: in indium oxide, mix sensitivity and selectivity that second component can significantly be improved indium oxide base gas sensor.
Document [1] Sensors and Actuators B; Among Chemical 135 (2008) 219-223 people such as T Chen in indium oxide according to 1: 1 the molar ratio CdO that mixed; Greatly improved the selectivity of sensor PARA FORMALDEHYDE PRILLS(91,95), and found that the calcining heat of material has very big influence to sensitivity and selectivity.Though the molar ratio of Cd/In investigated in article is 1: 1 the different performance of material under different calcining heats, and the influence of the doping content of Cd to the material air-sensitive performance is not discussed.
Document [2] Sensors and Actuators B, in indium oxide, mixed lanthana and precious metal palladium (Pd) of people such as V.D.Kapse significantly improved sensor to H among Chemical 137 (2009) 681-686. 2The sensitive property of S.Research shows: dopant has the effect of chemical sensitization and electronics sensitization to indium oxide.Noble metal has good catalytic performance, but cost is too high.
Patented claim CN1513807A) disclosed technical scheme is to be raw material with erbium nitrate and tin chloride; With ammoniacal liquor as precipitation agent; Adopt coprecipitation, prepared erbium oxide and tin oxide weight portion proportioning and be 1~5: 100 powder body material, and be applied to the CO gas sensor.
People such as B.X.Li utilizes the vesica that forms under the hydrothermal condition as soft template among document [3] Langmuir 22 (2006) 9380-9385, has synthesized indium oxide hollow microsphere nano material.Because hollow and porous nanometer structure, indium oxide hollow microsphere sensor to the sensitivity of ethanol and formaldehyde, improve a lot than indium oxide nano particle.
The present invention is on the basis of the pure indium oxide hollow ball nano material of document [3] preparation, and the doping erbium oxide obtains erbium-doped indium oxide gas-sensitive nano material, and this erbium-doped indium oxide gas-sensitive nano material is not seen document announcement.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is the erbium oxide that in indium oxide hollow ball nano material, mixes, so that a kind of erbium-doped indium oxide gas-sensitive nano material to be provided.Another object of the present invention is to provide a kind of preparation method who prepares erbium-doped indium oxide gas-sensitive nano material.This gas sensitive has high sensitivity to ethanol, can be used to make alcohol gas sensor.
Erbium-doped indium oxide gas-sensitive nano material provided by the invention is the indium oxide nano material that erbium oxide mixes, and can be expressed as Er 2O 3-In 2O 3, the Er/In mol ratio is 0.25~2.5: 100 in this nano material; Wherein indium oxide is the hollow ball of diameter 200~300nm of being made up of the particle of 30~60nm; Erbium oxide is attached to the indium oxide particle surface.
The present invention adopts Hydrothermal Preparation indium oxide hollow ball nano material, adopts infusion process doping erbium oxide then.
Concrete preparation process is following:
A. with formamide and water 1~5: 10 mixing by volume, form the formamide WS; Respectively indium salt and resorcinol were added in the above-mentioned formamide WS in 1: 5 in molar ratio, be made into and contain the mixed solution that indium ion concentration is 0.06~0.1mol/L; This mixed solution is added the teflon autoclave, and the reaction solution that is added accounts for 1/2~2/3 of agitated reactor volume, is stirred to reactant and dissolves fully; The sealing back rises to 140~180 ℃ by the programming rate of 28-36 ℃/min with reactor temperature; Reacted 10~12 hours, cooling at room temperature gets white precipitate after centrifuging, washing; In 50~100 ℃ of oven dry, 400 ℃~600 ℃ calcinings, promptly get indium oxide hollow nano material; It is the hollow ball of a kind of diameter 200~300nm that forms by the particle of 30~60nm; Described indium salt is InCl 3, In (NO 3) 3Or their hydrate.
B. solubility erbium salt is dissolved in that configuration concentration is the erbium salt solusion of 0.002~0.03mol/L in the solvent; Mol ratio 0.25~2.5: 100 according to Er/In is added drop-wise to the erbium salt solusion in the container that fills indium oxide hollow nano material; Fully grind to form pulpous state; Then with slurry 50~100 ℃ of dryings 3 hours, 400~600 ℃ of calcinings 3~5 hours down, promptly obtain erbium-doped indium oxide gas-sensitive nano material.Described solubility erbium salt is Er (NO 3) 3, ErCl 3Or their hydrate; Solvent is ethanol or water.
Erbium-doped indium oxide gas-sensitive nano material that obtains and pure indium oxide nano material are spread upon (ceramic pipe 4mm length on the ceramic pipe with ethanol modulation pulping respectively; The 1mm diameter; Two gold electrodes have been printed at two ends), carry out the air-sensitive performance comparative study of erbium-doped indium oxide nano material and pure indium oxide nano material.This gas sensor was calcined 3 hours down at 400 ℃, and worn out 24 hours down at 100 ℃.Measure its air-sensitive performance then.Definition sensitivity S=R Air/ R Gas, R AirAnd R GasBe respectively gas sensor and the resistance in the presence of the alcohol vapour arranged in the air neutralization.
Measurement result is seen accompanying drawing 1, and Fig. 1 pure zirconia indium hollow nano material that to be the synthetic material of embodiment 1, embodiment 2, embodiment 3 and embodiment 4 synthesize with embodiment 1 steps A is to the air-sensitive performance test result of ethanol, and the working temperature of test is 160 ℃.Can be drawn to draw a conclusion by Fig. 1: (1) is compared with pure indium oxide material, and in the scope of doping mol ratio 0.25~2.5: 100, the sensitivity of the material after erbium mixes is significantly increased, and along with the increase of erbium doping molar ratio, sensitivity increases increase; (2) when erbium doping mol ratio was 2.5%, erbium-doped indium oxide gas-sensitive nano material was the highest to the susceptibility of ethanol, and its sensitivity to 100ppm ethanol reaches 290.
Beneficial effect of the present invention
1. the preparation method that the present invention adopted, easy, the easy operation of process is easy to realize commercial production.
2. the indium oxide gas-sensitive nano material that prepared erbium mixes can be used for the preparation of the responsive gas sensor of ethanol.The remolding sensitivity that prepared gas sensor detects alcohol gas does not have pure zirconia indium nano material highly sensitive more than 3 times of erbium doped, reaches 290.The doping of erbium descends the working temperature of the optimum sensitivity of sensor.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the sensitivity curve figure that the erbium-doped indium oxide nano-sensor changes with concentration of alcohol
Fig. 2 is the SEM figure that implements the indium oxide hollow nano material of 1 steps A preparation
Fig. 3 is the SEM figure of amplification that implements the indium oxide hollow nano material of 1 steps A preparation
Embodiment
Embodiment 1
A. get analytically pure indium salt 1mmol, resorcinol 5mmol, formamide 5ml, deionized water 10ml respectively, they are added 22ml teflon autoclave, be stirred to reactant and dissolve fully.Directly putting agitated reactor into temperature is 160 ℃ baking oven reaction 12 hours.Reaction finishes, and cooling at room temperature gets white precipitate.With its washing, centrifugal three times.With 60 ℃ of dryings of white precipitate 5 hours, 400 ℃ of calcinings 3 hours, obtain faint yellow indium oxide powder then again, the scanning electron microscope diagram sheet of sample is seen Fig. 2 and Fig. 3.
B. getting the 0.03g indium oxide grinds in mortar.Take by weighing 0.1036g Er (NO 3) 37H 2O is dissolved in that configuration concentration is the solution of 0.00216mol/L in the 100ml deionized water, drips 0.25ml solution in mortar, fully grinds to form pulpous state.Then with slurry 60 ℃ of dryings 3 hours, 400 ℃ of calcinings 3 hours down.The mol ratio that promptly obtains Er/In is 0.25: 100 a erbium-doped indium oxide gas-sensitive nano material.
Embodiment 2
A. with instance 1
B. getting the 0.03g indium oxide grinds in mortar.Take by weighing 0.1036g Er (NO 3) 37H 2O is dissolved in that configuration concentration is the solution of 0.00216mol/L in the 100ml deionized water, drips 0.5ml solution in mortar, fully grinds to form pulpous state.Then with slurry 60 ℃ of dryings 3 hours, 400 ℃ of calcinings 3 hours down.The mol ratio that promptly obtains Er/In is 0.5: 100 a erbium-doped indium oxide gas-sensitive nano material.
Embodiment 3
A. with instance 1
B. getting the 0.03g indium oxide grinds in mortar.Take by weighing 0.1036g Er (NO 3) 37H 2O is dissolved in that configuration concentration is the solution of 0.0216mol/L in the 10ml deionized water, drips 0.125ml solution in mortar, fully grinds to form pulpous state.Then with slurry 60 ℃ of dryings 3 hours, 400 ℃ of calcinings 3 hours down.The mol ratio that promptly obtains Er/In is 1.25: 100 a erbium-doped indium oxide gas-sensitive nano material.
Embodiment 4
A. with instance 1
B. getting the 0.03g indium oxide grinds in mortar.Take by weighing 0.1036g Er (NO 3) 37H 2O is dissolved in that configuration concentration is the solution of 0.0216mol/L in the 10ml deionized water, drips 0.25ml solution in mortar, fully grinds to form pulpous state.Then with slurry 60 ℃ of dryings 3 hours, 400 ℃ of calcinings 3 hours down.The mol ratio that promptly obtains Er/In is 2.5: 100 a erbium-doped indium oxide gas-sensitive nano material.
Embodiment 5
A. get analytically pure indium salt 1mmol, resorcinol 5mmol, formamide 2ml, deionized water 12ml respectively, they are added 22ml teflon autoclave, be stirred to reactant and dissolve fully.Directly putting agitated reactor into temperature is 160 ℃ baking oven reaction 12 hours.Reaction finishes, and cooling at room temperature gets white precipitate.With its washing, centrifugal three times.With 60 ℃ of dryings of white precipitate 5 hours, 400 ℃ of calcinings 3 hours, obtain faint yellow indium oxide powder then again.
B. getting the 0.03g indium oxide grinds in mortar.Take by weighing 0.1036g Er (NO 3) 37H 2O is dissolved in that configuration concentration is the solution of 0.0216mol/L in the 10ml deionized water, drips 0.25ml solution in mortar, fully grinds to form pulpous state.Then with slurry 60 ℃ of dryings 3 hours, 400 ℃ of calcinings 3 hours down.The mol ratio that promptly obtains Er/In is 2.5: 100 a erbium-doped indium oxide gas-sensitive nano material.
Embodiment 6
A. get analytically pure indium salt 1mmol, resorcinol 5mmol, formamide 5ml, deionized water 10ml respectively, they are added 22ml teflon autoclave, be stirred to reactant and dissolve fully.Directly putting agitated reactor into temperature is 160 ℃ baking oven reaction 12 hours.Reaction finishes, and cooling at room temperature gets white precipitate.With its washing, centrifugal three times.With 60 ℃ of dryings of white precipitate 5 hours, 500 ℃ of calcinings 3 hours, obtain faint yellow indium oxide powder then again.
B. getting the 0.03g indium oxide grinds in mortar.Take by weighing 0.1036g Er (NO 3) 37H 2O is dissolved in that configuration concentration is the solution of 0.0216mol/L in the 10ml deionized water, drips 0.25ml solution in mortar, fully grinds to form pulpous state.Then with slurry 60 ℃ of dryings 3 hours, 400 ℃ of calcinings 3 hours down.The mol ratio that promptly obtains Er/In is 2.5: 100 a erbium-doped indium oxide gas-sensitive nano material.
Embodiment 7
A. get analytically pure indium salt 1mmol, resorcinol 5mmol, formamide 5ml, deionized water 10ml respectively, they are added 22ml teflon autoclave, be stirred to reactant and dissolve fully.Directly putting agitated reactor into temperature is 160 ℃ baking oven reaction 12 hours.Reaction finishes, and cooling at room temperature gets white precipitate.With its washing, centrifugal three times.Again with 60 ℃ of dryings of white precipitate 5 hours, then 600 ℃ of calcinings 3 hours, faint yellow indium oxide powder.
B. getting the 0.03g indium oxide grinds in mortar.Take by weighing 0.1036g Er (NO 3) 37H 2O is dissolved in that configuration concentration is the solution of 0.0216mol/L in the 10ml deionized water, drips 0.25ml solution in mortar, fully grinds to form pulpous state.Then with slurry 60 ℃ of dryings 3 hours, 400 ℃ of calcinings 3 hours down.The mol ratio that promptly obtains Er/In is 2.5: 100 a erbium-doped indium oxide gas-sensitive nano material.

Claims (3)

1. an erbium-doped indium oxide gas-sensitive nano material is the indium oxide nano material that erbium oxide mixes, and is expressed as Er 2O 3-In 2O 3, wherein the Er/In mol ratio is 0.25~2.5: 100; Wherein indium oxide is the hollow ball of 200~300nm for the diameter of being made up of the particle of 30~60nm; Erbium oxide is attached to the indium oxide particle surface.
2. the preparation method of the described erbium-doped indium oxide gas-sensitive nano material of claim 1, concrete preparation process is following:
A. with formamide and water 1~5: 10 mixing by volume; Respectively solubility indium salt and resorcinol were added in the above-mentioned formamide WS in 1: 5 in molar ratio, be made into and contain the mixed solution that indium ion concentration is 0.06~0.1mol/L; This mixed solution is added the teflon autoclave, and the reaction solution that is added accounts for 1/2~2/3 of agitated reactor volume, is stirred to reactant and dissolves fully; The sealing back rises to 140~180 ℃ by the programming rate of 28-36 ℃/min with reactor temperature; Reacted 10~12 hours, cooling at room temperature gets white precipitate after centrifuging, washing; In 50~100 ℃ of oven dry, 400 ℃~600 ℃ calcinings, promptly get indium oxide hollow nano material; It is the hollow ball of a kind of diameter 200~300nm that forms by the particle of 30~60nm; Described solubility indium salt is InCl 3, In (NO 3) 3Or their hydrate;
B. solubility erbium salt is dissolved in that configuration concentration is the erbium salt solusion of 0.002~0.03mol/L in the solvent; Mol ratio 0.25~2.5: 100 according to Er/In is added drop-wise to the erbium salt solusion in the container that fills indium oxide hollow nano material; Fully grind to form pulpous state; Then with slurry 50~100 ℃ of dryings 3 hours, 400~600 ℃ of calcinings 3~5 hours down, promptly obtain erbium-doped indium oxide gas-sensitive nano material;
Described solubility erbium salt is Er (NO 3) 3, ErCl 3Or their hydrate; Described solvent is ethanol or water.
3. the application of the described erbium-doped indium oxide gas-sensitive nano material of claim 1, this gas sensitive is used to make alcohol gas sensor.
CN2009100836027A 2009-05-06 2009-05-06 Erbium-doped indium oxide gas-sensitive nano material, preparation method and application thereof Expired - Fee Related CN101539537B (en)

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