CN101536296A

CN101536296A - Quantum vacuum energy extraction

Info

Publication number: CN101536296A
Application number: CN200680056350.3A
Authority: CN
Inventors: B·海施; G·摩德尔
Original assignee: Jovion Corp
Current assignee: Jovion Corp
Priority date: 2006-09-22
Filing date: 2006-09-22
Publication date: 2009-09-16
Also published as: JP5161225B2; IL197728A; WO2008039176A3; WO2008039176A2; EP2070183A2; JP2010504728A; EP2070183A4; IL197728A0

Abstract

A system (fig 2) is disclosed for converting energy from the electromagnetic quantum vacuum available at any point in the universe to usable energy in the form of heat, electricity, mechanical energy or other forms of power. Mode suppression of electromagnetic quantum vacuum radiation, known to result in the emission of energy, takes place in Casimir cavities (10). When atoms enter into suitable micro Casimir cavities a decrease in the orbital energy of electrons in atoms will thus occur. Such energy is captured by the claimed devices (24,26).

Description

Quantum vacuum energy extracts

Background of invention

The notion that Max Planck proposed zero point energy in 1912.This idea was studied by Alber Einstein and Otto Stern in 1913 subsequently, and in 1916, WaltherNernst proposed universe and has been full of zero point energy.The modern field of electrodynamics at random just is based on these ideas.

Simultaneously, the structure of atom and stability remain a mystery.Rutherford's model of atom is based on the analysis of planet (electronics) around the motion of the sun (atomic nucleus).But this is infeasible.Therefore the electronics of orbital motion can send Larmor's ray, promptly loses energy and enters in the atomic nucleus at the time scale inside spin less than trillionth second, thereby can not present stable status.Nowadays in the theoretical scope of electrodynamics (SED) at random, be known that and relate to a kind of possible scheme that absorbs zero point energy.Boyer proved the simplest possible atom and atom form in 1975, promptly was in the hydrogen atom of ground state, may be in the poised state that is on the appropriate radius of classical rutherford's hydrogen atom between the absorption of Larmor's radiation and zero point energy.

Because this solution is still unknown in the time of 1913,, suppose simply that promptly it is available discrete energy level only being arranged the electronics in atomic nucleus so Niels Bohr has adopted a kind of different mode.This line of reasoning causes the development of quantum theory in the twenties in 20th century.The notion of classical zero point energy passed into silence 10 years.But along with the appearance of the formula of Heisenberg's uncertainty principle, the same notion in the quantum scope reappeared in nineteen twenty-seven.According to described principle, the value of the least energy of harmonic oscillation is hf/2, and wherein h is a planck constant, and f is a frequency.Therefore can not from oscillatory system, remove this last random energies.

Because electromagnetic field also must be by quantization in quantum theory, therefore need between the ripple of the characteristic of quantum oscillator and electromagnetic field, make comparisons.Can draw such conclusion, promptly the least energy of any possible electromagnetic field mode that is made of frequency, the direction of propagation and polarization state is hf/2.All possible pattern by the field makes this energy multiplication will cause the electromagnetism quantum vacuum, and it has and Planck, Einstein, characteristic-energy density and spectrum that Stern is identical with the classical zero point energy that Nernst was studied before 10 years.

Relate to the research circuit that classical physics adds field at additional classical zero point and open again in nineteen sixty by TrevorMarshall and Timothy Boyer, and with its called after electrodynamics (SED) at random.SED has proposed such problem: " only the additional zero electromagnetic field can be explained which kind of Quantum Properties, process or law on the basis of classical physics ".Two early stage achievements be black matrix spectrum (promptly not relating to quantum physics) classical derive and for sending Larmor's ray but absorb classical orbital electron in the hydrogen atom of radiation at zero point has equilibrium orbit on classical Bohr radius discovery.The initial solution for this problem that is proposed by Timothy Boyer (1975) is perfect by H.E.Puthoff (1987).Their analysis is used as orbital electron as harmonic oscillator and is handled.

This result has obtained bigger new progress through the recent work of Daniel Cole and Y.Zou, they have simulated the orbital motion of conditional electronic in the true Coulomb field of proton, and find because the stochastic behaviour of emission and absorption process, this real electronics self can be in atomic nucleus in the scope of certain distance, this is consistent with quantum mechanics.Mean place is positioned on the correct Bohr radius, but actual position distribution has very accurately been duplicated accordingly The electronics probability distribution of equation is described In the equation, electronics is considered to be represented by wave function.(in the SED expression formula, electronics is not because it " is erased " for wave function, but because as the point-like particulate, it is subjected to the lasting disturbance of electromagnetism quantum vacuum fluctuation.)

The clear conclusions of this theory is owing to there is imbalance between Larmor's ray and the absorption, is moving the decay that reduces to cause orbital motion of the electromagnetism quantum vacuum under the corresponding frequency with electron orbit.

Described electromagnetism quantum vacuum energy spectrum and frequency cube proportional.If vacuum energy is suppressed under " normally " orbital motion frequency of electronics, then will cause electronics to enter the track of higher frequency to inside spin.Like this, thus it subsequently will be owing to cube the increase new equilbrium position suffer from electromagnetism quantum vacuum energy spectrum of energy spectrum with frequency.

If as Boyer, Puthoff, the analysis of Cole and Zou is shown, and it is correct that described SED explains for hydrogen atom, and then it must be applied in all other atoms and their the polyelectron structure equally.Under the sort of situation, electronics relates to from the rapid decay of a stable orbit to another stable orbit from the transition of excitation state to low-energy state, rather than instantaneous quantum jumps.The details on the basis of the stability of electron orbit still needs to determine by SED is theoretical so far, but concluding from the logic that single electron hydrogen atom situation obtains is very clearly: the balance that the electron orbit all atoms must pass through between emission and the absorption is determined, therefore will pass through the correction of the mode suppression that relates to the electromagnetism field at zero point under appropriate frequency.

It is said, the correction of electron orbit be in essence with atom in the identical process of natural transition between the electron energy level, therefore the energy that discharges in such process can be caught in the mode identical with common transition energy.

By atom being moved into micro-structural and shifting out from micro-structural, described micro-structural suppresses the suitable pattern of electromagnetism quantum vacuum, can finish from the electromagnetism quantum vacuum and extract energy.This can finish by miniature Casimir (Casimir) cavity.

Described electromagnetism quantum vacuum is represented by the noise in the lamb shift between s level in the hydrogen atom and the p level, Van der Waals force, A Hala Nuo Fu-Bo Mu effect and the electronic current as the true source of energy.

But the most important effect of electromagnetism quantum vacuum is the existence of Casimir power, and Casimir power is the power between the parallel conductive plate, and it can be interpreted as the radiation pressure effect of electromagnetism quantum vacuum energy.Has electromagnetic wave in the cavity of conductive wall owing to the relevant certain wavelengths that is confined to the cross stream component boundary condition on the wall surface.As a result, in fact in the Casimir cavity between parallel-plate, will suppress the radiation mode of those wavelength greater than distance between plates.Subsequently, the overvoltage of Wai Bu electromagnetism quantum vacuum radiation pushes away described plate together.As a problem (so-called " sticking ") and a kind of possible controlling organization, having a large amount of documents aspect the Casimir power, and the authenticity of described power also develops into microelectron mechanical structure (MEMS) technology from laboratory test.

The eliminating of pattern is not emergent when wavelength equals distance between plates d.Mode suppression is d or the strongest when bigger at wavelength, but when wavelength drop on " ladder " d/n between also can begin occur mode suppression equally, and reduce along with n increases described effect.We propose to use the partial mode during less than d to wavelength that occurs in this mode to suppress can use the Casimir cavity with maximum available actual size.

The researcher represents, does not run counter to the law of thermodynamics when energy is " extracted " from zero point energy, and this is because of energy still conservation and does not also run counter to described second law.Cole and Puthoff implement and the thermodynamic analysis of announcement shows the situation that does not have to run counter to law.In fact, the thought experiment of Forwrad (1984) shows a kind of simple but be the Energy extraction experiment of non-practical application.

In the electrodynamics at random (SED) of hydrogen atom was explained, ground state was interpreted as in fact being equivalent to the typical orbital motion electronics that speed is c/137.Because in classical electromagnetic emission and from the balance between the absorption of electromagnetism field at zero point, described track is stable at the Bohr radius place.This viewpoint is obtained first by Boyer (1975), refine by Puthoff (1987) subsequently, and this viewpoint is by Cole and Zou (2003,2004) be reinforced once more by detailed simulation, the probability density distribution that has reproduced Schrodiner wave function in the random motion of electronics described in this explanation has been proved in this simulation.Notice that a notable difference between this explanation and the quantum-mechanical explanation is in quantum mechanics, the 1s state of electronics is considered to have the zero angle momentum, and in SED explained, described electronics had the momentary angular momentum of mcr/137=h/2 π.But the SED simulation of Nickisch demonstrates, and as in the quantum situation because the disturbance at zero point on the orbit plane, the time average angular momentum is zero.Therefore, will be full of the spherical symmetric volume around atomic nucleus to the average of this " conditional electronic " of enough " track ", wherein said atomic nucleus has the radially probability density identical with Schrodiner wave function and is zero clean angular momentum, and this meets Quantum Properties fully.

In the SED viewpoint, Bohr radius is 0.529A (dust).The wavelength that this means the radiation at zero point of being responsible for the orbit keeping operation is 2* π 0.529*137=455A (0.0455 micron).It is said, in the Casimir cavity radiation at zero point on this wavelength and the inhibition on the shorter wavelength will cause electrons decay to arrive lower energy state, described lower energy state determines that by the typical emission of accelerated charge and the new balance between radiation at the zero point of λ＜455A wherein λ depends on Casimir distance between plates d.Note, the afterbody of the described quantum probability density of electronics (identical with the SED simulation of Cole and Zou) extends to outside five Bohr radius, even make perhaps being on 0.1 micron-0.2 micron the quite long wavelength, also can realize some variation in the energy balance.

Because the frequency of this track is 6.6 * 10 ¹⁵S ^-1, therefore no matter how electronics is promptly injected in the Casimir cavity, and described process is still slow in the process of orbital motion electron institute experience.Therefore we suppose the decay of new inferior bohr (sub-Bohr) ground state be will be referred to the progressively release of the energy of hot form, rather than unexpected optical radiation signal.

Because the binding energy of electronics is 13.6eV, our hypothesis exergonic amount in this process is about 1 to 10eV with in the Casimir cavity of hydrogen atom being injected (perhaps aforesaid even bigger cavity) about d=250A or 205A.In case the disengaging cavity, described electronics will absorb energy and will be energized to its normal condition once more from the field at zero point.The energy that extracts in the described process (heat) obtains under the situation of loss field at zero point, and it flows with the light velocity in whole universe in the explanation of SED.In fact we extract energy and replenish it globally in the part.Imagine the water that from the ocean, extracts full packages.Yes, actual consequence does not take place thus just depleted but have in the ocean thereupon.

Because the hydrogen that nature exists under standard temperature and pressure (STP) (STP) is diatomic molecule, therefore before hydrogen atom being injected in the Casimir cavity, need to carry out resolution process.We have avoided above-mentioned complicated and utilized polyelectron correction (multi-electron modification), wherein said monoatomic gas to have safety and cheap advantage simultaneously by working with monatomic (inertia) gas one.

The inert gas that we utilize nature to exist has three reasons:

(1) do not need resolution process.

(2) heavier element atomic ratio hydrogen atom is approximately big 2 to 4 times, and therefore can utilize and be subjected to the influence of the bigger Casimir cavity that is easy to make.

(3) heavier element has a plurality of shell electrons, and several shell electrons can be subjected to the influence that reduces of the radiation at zero point in the Casimir cavity simultaneously.

Below be five kinds of inert gases that are fit to potentially:

He(Z＝2，r＝1.2A)

Ne(Z＝10，r＝1.3A)，

Ar(Z＝18，r＝1.6A)

Kr(Z＝36，r＝1.8A)

Xe(Z＝54，r＝2.05A)。

All these elements include the ns electronics.He has two 1s electronics.Ne has each two 1s and 2s electronics.Ar has each two 1s, 2s and 3s electronics.Kr has each two 1s, 2s, 3s and 4s electronics.Xe has each two 1s, 2s, 3s, 4s and 5s electronics.

Suppose outermost electron fully by other electronic shield (a kind of rough hypothesis), its orbital velocity is weighed is r ^-1/2(Kepler's cycle commonly used square with major radius cube proportional), thus λ (proportional) with r/v will to be weighed be r3/2.If in this case, then bigger radius r ^3/2Transfer in the bigger Casimir cavity that the energy response to outside electron shell exerts an influence.Therefore we will be understood that the Casimir cavity of d=0.1 micron (or even greatly to a micron) has the effect of the energy level that reduces outermost S duplet ... and may be to p electronics and the same influence of subshell s electron production.

Have reason expectation, 0.1 micron Casimir cavity is to injecting the He in this cavity at every turn, Ne, and Ar, Kr or Xe can produce 1 to 10eV release.

According to the theory of the Jordan Maclay that finishes theoretic Casimir cavity calculating, oval cylindrical cavity causes producing inside power on described cavity.In the explanation of " the pattern eliminating " of Casimir power, this expression diameter is that 0.1 micron cylindrical cavity will produce desirable shell electron decay and the release of energy subsequently.

Have realized that now it is necessary in form that electromagnetism quantum vacuum field is stablized for the atom in the classic quantum theory (Milonni1994).This notion is called as electrodynamics at random in the physics field, and it is demonstrated by basis theoretical and that simulate as the electronic ground state in the hydrogen atom.Classical bohr track is determined by the balance between Larmor's emission and the energy absorption from the fluctuation at zero point of the electromagnetism quantum vacuum the SED theory.Subsequently, in case suppress suitable fluctuation at zero point, described balance will be broken, and makes electrons decay arrive the lower energy grade that is difficult to discovery in fact usually, and releases energy in this transition process.The Casimir cavity of appropriate size can realize that this fluctuation at zero point suppresses.The Casimir cavity refers to the arbitrary region that electromagnetic mode is suppressed or limits.In case enter the Casimir cavity of this suitable design, electron energy level will change and will release energy.In case break away from from the Casimir cavity, described electronics will be got back to its common state by absorb energy from the fluctuation at zero point of surrounding environment.This can be that cost realizes the Energy extraction circulation with the fluctuation at zero point.Although can't be proved in theory, but Larmor's emission and the basis that must become the electronic state of all atoms from the similar balance between the energy of fluctuation absorption at zero point, be not only hydrogen, thereby allow arbitrary atom can be used as the catalyst that zero point energy (with the relevant energy of fluctuation at zero point) extracts.Believe to also have a kind of similar method also to can be used as the basis of molecular link, thereby produce similar Energy extraction circulation.

Below relate to the enumerating of patent of correlated phenomena:

Patent 5,018,180, Energy conversion using high charge density (using the power conversion of high charge density), Kenneth R.Shoulders.It relates to the generation of the electric charge bunch in the sparkover.The Coulomb repulsion that its infers electric charge is overcome in electric charge bunch by class Casimir power.This invention does not relate to the energy of atom in the Casimir cavity and discharges, and therefore irrelevant with the present invention.

Patent 5,590,031, System for converting electromagnetic radiationenergy to electrical energy (electromagnetic radiation energy being converted into the system of electric energy), Franklin B.Mead and Jack Nachamkin.This invention does not relate to the energy of atom in the Casimir cavity and discharges, and therefore irrelevant with the present invention.

Patent 6,477,028, Method and apparatus for energy extraction (method and apparatus of Energy extraction), Fabrizio Pinto.Propose to change one or more in the various physical factors that influences Casimir power, perhaps by in the various environmental factors that change this physical factor of influence any one, so to have presented Casimir power system be irreversible.This invention does not relate to the energy of atom in the Casimir cavity and discharges, and therefore irrelevant with the present invention.

Patent 6,593,566, Method and apparatus for energy extraction (method and apparatus of Energy extraction), Fabrizio Pinto.Method and apparatus based on particle surface interaction acceleration or deceleration particle.This invention does not relate to the energy of atom in the Casimir cavity and discharges, and therefore irrelevant with the present invention.

Patent 6,665,167, and Method for energy extraction-I (energy extraction method-I), Fabrizio Pinto.With 6,477,028 is similar.This invention does not relate to the energy of atom in the Casimir cavity and discharges, and therefore irrelevant with the present invention.

Summary of the invention

The invention discloses a kind of system, its part that is used to the energy of the electromagnetism quantum vacuum that obtains of optional position that can be in universe is converted into the utilisable energy of heat, electricity, mechanical energy form or other power form.This is to utilize by the effect of the electronic structure of the atom of electrodynamics theory (SED) prediction at random to realize.In the theoretical scope of SED, predicted that the electron energy level in the atom is by Larmor's radiation and definite from the balance between the electromagnetism quantum vacuum absorption emittance.By under appropriate frequency, suppressing the electromagnetism quantum vacuum energy, electron energy level is changed, and this will cause the energy emission or discharge.The change of this energy is similar to when the standard emission of electronics from excitation state photon during to low-yield attitude transition, but just on long time scale, and described change be continue rather than from of " jump " of an energy level to another energy level.The known mode suppression that the radiation of electromagnetism quantum vacuum will take place in the Casimir cavity.The Casimir cavity refers to the arbitrary region that electromagnetic mode is suppressed or limits.When atom enters in the suitable miniature Casimir cavity, the minimizing of the orbital motion energy of the electronics in the atom will appear, and this effect is the most remarkable concerning shell electron.This energy will be caught by the application's equipment required for protection.In case break away from from this miniature Casimir cavity, described atom will be by electromagnetism quantum vacuum energy supply once more on every side.Like this, energy is extracted partly and is replenished globally by the electromagnetism quantum vacuum from the electromagnetism quantum vacuum.This process can be repeated unlimitedly.This process meets the conservation of energy equally, and wherein all utilisable energies obtain by the energy that consumes the electromagnetism quantum vacuum.The invention discloses two exemplary variant of system, these two modification allow repeatedly to extract the electromagnetism quantum vacuum energy in gas passes the process of a series of miniature Casimir cavitys, and these two modification are carried out in the mode of independent operating, recirculation.By producing similar effect to molecular chain action.Disclosed equipment is transformable dimensionally, and the range of application of its energy output can be from substituting the generator of little battery to the competitor size.Because the disperse of electronics quantum vacuum is in whole universe, therefore, the equipment that obtains energy in the application's mode required for protection from the electronics quantum vacuum will be effective nexhaustible energy source.

Description of drawings

Can be by the present invention being understood with reference to the detailed description that combines with the accompanying drawing of following concise and to the point description.

Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram according to one group of passage of the present invention, and wherein each passage comprises multiple Casimir cavity;

Fig. 2 is according to the schematic diagram that is used for quantum vacuum energy is converted into the system of local utilisable energy of the present invention;

Fig. 3 is the schematic diagram according to a collection of pipeline of the present invention, and wherein each pipeline comprises a plurality of Casimir cavitys;

Fig. 4 A-4D is according to the schematic diagram that is arranged in the Casimir passage of binding slices of the present invention;

Fig. 5 A-5C is for to be used to make fluid oscillating to pass the schematic diagram of the equipment of Casimir passage according to of the present invention;

Fig. 6 A and 6B are the schematic diagram according to the equipment of the reflection characteristic of the wall that is used to change the Casimir cavity of the present invention;

Fig. 7 A and 7B are the schematic diagram according to Casimir cavity wall of the present invention interval equipment;

Fig. 8 is according to the schematic diagram that is combined with the equipment of asymmetric Casimir cavity entrance and exit of the present invention.

Embodiment

First embodiment of this notion has utilized the Casimir cavity that is made of volume, wherein air-flow passes or passes in and out in this volume, and this volume shows as the zone that the parallel-plate that is made of electric conducting material defines on the yardstick of atom level, the size of wherein said plate is much larger than distance between plates; The zone that perhaps described volume performance is defined for the cylinder that is made of electric conducting material, the length of wherein said cylinder is much larger than its diameter.Applicant statement, the Casimir cavity of other form also can produce similar effects, and term Casimir cavity will be used to represent to realize any volume of the mode suppression in zone at zero point.Necessary condition is, mode suppression ability and the electron energy level of Casimir cavity are complementary, and the mode of coupling causes the significant difference of the electron energy level in the described cavity inboard and the outside.

These embodiment have proved following notion:

A kind of method comprises: (a) use a device, this device comprises a series of Casimir cavity and makes specific gas flow through described cavity, the structure of described Casimir cavity and the selection of described specific gas are feasible, along with described gas stream is crossed described cavity, and this gas release energy; And the device that (b) is used to collect at least a portion of described d/d energy.

A kind of method comprises: a device (a) is provided, this device comprises at least one Casimir cavity and makes specific gas enter described cavity and leave described cavity subsequently, the structure of described Casimir cavity and the selection of described specific gas make, when described gas enters described cavity, this gas release energy; (b) be used to collect the device of at least a portion of described d/d energy.

A kind of device that causes electronic structure to change.An a kind of part of the energy with the obtainable electromagnetism quantum vacuum in any position in the universe is converted into the system of the utilisable energy of heat, electricity, mechanical energy form or other power form.

A kind of device that in the energy dispose procedure, causes electronic structure to change.

A kind of permission is by being exposed to the device that electronic structure is carried out energy supply again in the electromagnetism quantum vacuum radiation on every side.

The use of micro-structural, described micro-structural is made of the many zones that can freely propagate the Casimir cavity that replaces and the radiation of electromagnetism quantum vacuum.

On opposed facing paired plate, use conducting strip, make atom pass to make the zone that a part that they are exposed to the graded area of electromagnetism quantum vacuum spectrum completely and spectrum is blocked.The result is that they discharge (or radiation) energy difference to local medium.

Use distance piece to separate described paired layer.

Use a plurality of conducting strips to amplify described effect with (greatly).

Pile up these have conducting strip on both sides plate, make wherein a pair of top become a pair of bottom down, and they each to all having identical conducting strip, these conducting strips all use paired sheet formation Casimir cavity each centering.

By the use of the interlayer that constitutes with nonconducting plate of the conduction that replaces, the hole of in described plate, introducing micron or sub-micron diameter by etching or some other method with micron order thickness.

These interlayers are piled up, and common registration and alignment are to form a plurality of parallel have Casimir section alternately and non-conductive section Casimir pipelines.

Use a plurality of sections to amplify described effect with (greatly).

In this system, use monoatomic gas as medium.

In this system, use molecular gas to be used for discharging the change molecular link by the energy of following.

A kind of closed circulation system, these processes take place in this closed circulation system.

Structure and the size that can make He can work, but claim is not limited only to these certain embodiments.

A kind of device that in closed-system, starts and keep air-flow.

A kind of Conversion of energy that the electron orbit change is discharged is the device of the utilisable energy of heat, electricity, mechanical energy form or other power form.

The Casimir passage

Embodiment shown in Fig. 1 relates to two square parallel-plates 12 and 14, illustrates and is of a size of 10 * 10cm.5000 width are installed are 10 microns, total length on each plate is the conducting strip 16 of 10cm, and described conducting strip is separated by 10 microns non-conductive.Perpendicular to described be provided be spaced apart 0.1 to 1cm, highly be 0.1 micron spacer materia 18.Described plate is placed face-to-face, and made described alignment, thereby form 5000 Casimir sheets.

If our hypothesis is parallel to described distance piece and be 10cm/s perpendicular to described gas flow rates, then this will cause 1.3 * 10 ²⁰Inferior transition/second.

21 to 210 watts the energy that the energy of each transition from 1 to 10eV discharges corresponding to whole Casimir cavity discharges.Stacked group that can make 10 or more this layer to produce 210 to 2100 watts energy to 10 * 10 * 10cm piece zone.

This can utilize hot photoelectricity processing directly to convert electricity to or convert to indirectly by the use heat exchanger.As in embodiment before, a kind of means of catching emitted radiation are to surround described equipment with tank (water bath).

Above-mentioned size only is an example.Described equipment can be designed to littler or very large size.

The main building block that this energy as shown in Figure 2 generates equipment is:

(1) one row has the parallel Casimir passage of conducting strip 10;

(2) provide pump 22 by the lasting gas circulation of described pipeline;

(3) be used to catch the device 24 of emitted energy;

(4) a kind of can be hot photoelectricity, heat exchanger or the miscellaneous equipment 26 of the power of electricity or other available form with the thermal transition of output.

The ideal characterisitics of described system is energy and the overall ability that absorbs this energy that its partial radiation gathers.Therefore, surprisingly, the device 24 that is used to catch emitted energy can be caught emitted energy under the situation that does not hinder the gas entrapment quantum vacuum energy.This is because vacuum field has been full of all spaces and can not be blocked such fact.(reason that attention Casimir cavity has the vacuum energy pattern that reduces is not that they have stopped vacuum field, but because destructive interference makes them can not allow some electromagnetic modes in their inner existence.) described device 24 can not stop that second reason of catching of vacuum energy of a quantum is that the energy that absorbed is mainly the more short wavelength electromagnetic modes that can not be absorbed by device 24, and emittance can be longer wavelength, installs 24 pairs of these longer wavelength and has bigger absorption coefficient.For example, when device 24 comprised tank, that's how things stand.

Preceding two parts can be enclosed in the hermetically-sealed construction.Third and fourth parts can be in the inside or the outside of this structure.

The modification of the said equipment comprises plywood, makes a pair of top become a pair of down bottom etc.

The Casimir pipeline

An embodiment of the described notion shown in Fig. 3 is 0.1 micron Casimir pipeline for a plurality of parallel diameters.If we make the length of cylinder is 100 times of width, the length that then will make the Casimir pipeline is the z=10 micron.The pipeline that we propose segmentation comprises alternately conduction and non-conductive material, and each length is 10 microns.In the length of 1cm, it is right to have 500 such conductions and non-conducting material in fragment, thereby 500 energy release events (at every turn producing 1 to 10eV) take place in the each transition that causes atom to pass the Casimir pipeline of the long segmentation of whole 1cm.

Consider one cubic centimetre " Casimir piece ", it constitutes the alternating layer of 10 micron thickness as shown in Figure 3.Suppose that diameter is that 0.1 micron pipeline 32 can bore saturating cube perpendicular to layer 34 (this is practically impossible certainly; The manufacturing of pipeline must be different therewith).10 cross section comprises the inlet of about 1,300,000,000 pipelines.The amount of d/d energy will to pass the flow velocity of these pipelines proportional with gas.

Pass 0.1cm ²The 10cms of entire cross section ^-1The gas that the per second that flow velocity produces flows through described pipeline is 1cm ³, under STP, should be 2.7 * 10 ¹⁹Individual atom.A kind of closed loop pumping system of very simple seal can keep this lasting gas flow.Because each atom interacts 500 times in the process that it passes through, therefore can produce 1.3 * 10 each second in one cubic centimetre whole cube ²²Inferior transition.2150 to 21500 watts of energy that 1 to 10eV the energy that each transition is discharged discharges corresponding to the whole Casimir cube of segmented conduit.

Obviously, drilling through 1,300,000,000 diameters is that 0.1 micron pipeline is impossible.But, utilize the microchip technology at first on single layer etch-hole, to assemble stacked more subsequently be feasible.This finishes needs to stacked very accurate registration and alignment.

This can use hot photoelectricity processing directly to be converted into electricity or be converted into indirectly by the use heat exchanger.

A kind of means of catching emitted energy are that equipment is surrounded with tank.Water absorbs infrared radiation very effectively.For 2 microns to 200 microns wave-length coverage, the absorption coefficient of water is greater than 10cm ^-1Therefore, thickness is that 1mm and the water layer that surrounds described equipment will be enough to absorb nearly all infrared radiation that is launched.Water will be heated, and these heat are converted into the energy of ideal form.

Above-mentioned size only is for example.Described equipment can be designed to littler or very large size.

The main building block of this class arrangement for acquiring energy is:

The parallel segmentation Casimir pipeline 32 of (1) one row

(2) provide gas to pass through the pump 22 that described pipeline continues circulation

(3) be used to catch the device 24 of emitted energy

Casimir passage in the binding slices

Basic conception of the present invention is to make gas flow into a plurality of Casimir cavitys and flow out from a plurality of Casimir cavitys.When described gas was positioned at Casimir cavity outside, the quantum-mechanical-vacuum electromagnetic mode of wide range all was available, exerted an influence with the electron orbit state to the atom of gas.When gas entered in the Casimir cavity, the scope of enabled mode was limited and gas gives out some electromagnetic energy, made that this energy is local available.When in a single day gas flows out from the Casimir cavity once more, the atom electron orbit state energy of described gas is replenished from the quantum-mechanical-vacuum field once more.Therefore energy can be collected globally and be carried partly.

The configuration of basic equipment comprises the binding slices shown in Fig. 4 A-4D.Top view as shown in Figure 4.Described equipment is 1 square centimeter.As from shown in the southern edge 41 Fig. 4 B, this equipment comprises two substrates 42 and 44, and described two substrates are separated by a series of distance pieces that extend across described equipment to the north from the south.These distance pieces have height d, width w ₁, centre-to-centre spacing s ₁The fine gap that is limited by distance piece 48 extends to the opening (shown in Fig. 4 B) and the northern edge at edge, equipment south.As seeing over from the east margin of Fig. 4 C, each all is coated with the conducting strip 46 that extends to western edge from east margin top substrate 44 and lower substrate 42.These sheets are discontinuous, make discontinuous situation can occur described each location that is spaced apart part 48 cross-section separations.These sheets have width w ₂, centre-to-centre spacing s ₂In the central area of equipment, such zone is arranged, promptly two substrates are removed to form from extend to the conduit 43 near western edge near east margin.This conduit does not extend to described edge always, but sealed in each end 45, shown in Fig. 4 A.At last, shown in Fig. 4 D, it shows the east side view of center cross-sectional, and in Fig. 4 D, hole 47 extends through top substrate.Shown in Fig. 4 A and 4C, this hole is connected on the described pipeline 43.Can see also that from Fig. 4 A and 4D the connector ring 49 that surrounds described hole is fixed on the described top substrate.

In order to make equipment operation, as shown in Figure 2, flue 28 is attached to from the connector ring 49 of top substrate extension, is tightly connected with formation.Gas-pressurized flows through the hole 47 in described pipe and the last substrate, enters in the conduit 43 between the described substrate.From described conduit 43, the slit that gas flows through from the central area between the substrate arrives northern edge and southern edge.Described distance piece guiding gas makes gas alternately in the zone that is coated with conducting strip 46 with do not cover between the zone of these conducting strips and flow, and arrives northern edge and southern edge up to it, and at this moment gas is overflowed from the slit between the substrate.Escaping gas around the shell (not shown) in be hunted down, and be pumped and pass pipeline 28 and get back in the hole of equipment top center, thereby form closed-loop system.Gas a plurality of Casimir cavitys of flowing through by this way.When described gas atom or molecule are in non-conductive zone, absorb energy, and subsequently when they enter slit between the conductive covering layer, in the time of promptly in the Casimir cavity, discharge part energy from peripheral electromagnetic field.

Described equipment surrounds by catching the device 24 that is released energy, as shown in Figure 2 tank.Water can absorb infrared radiation very effectively.For 2 microns to 200 microns wave-length coverage, the absorption coefficient of water is greater than 10cm ^-1Therefore, thickness is the infrared radiation that 1mm and the water layer that surrounds described equipment will be enough to absorb most of emission, provides heat energy to add hot water.This energy can directly be used as heating source, or is converted to the energy of ideal form by device 26 known to a person of ordinary skill in the art.

Described material and size in the preferred embodiment are as follows.Top substrate 44 and lower substrate 42 are to see through many sapphires of electromagnetic spectrum on every side, and it is can be heat conducting, and it is a rigidity and firm.The thickness of each substrate is 250 microns.Described conductive region 46 is formed by the standard photoetching process of well known to a person skilled in the art.The width w of each conducting strip ₂Be 2 microns, and separate, to form 4 microns centre-to-centre spacing s by 2 microns non-conductive zone ₂Described has the slit, and distance piece 48 is formed at this place, slit.Described conductive covering layer 46 is a platinum, and thickness is 40nm.Described distance piece 48 is made of silicon dioxide, and by well known to a person skilled in the art that standard set-up deposits and form pattern.The total height d of distance piece is 200nm, its width w ₁Be 5 microns, and centre-to-centre spacing s ₁Be 0.5mm.Described distance piece forms by depositing the thick layer of 100nm and subsequently they are linked together on each substrate.Use standard diamond saw cuts in substrate and forms described centre pipe zone 43.Described kerf width is 100 microns, and the degree of depth is 50 microns, and it forms the conduit of about 100 square microns.The diameter that bores the hole 47 of top substrate is 1mm, and is the ring encirclement of 2.5mm by diameter.Described ring 49 is fixed on the top substrate by epoxy resin.Described substrate by direct combination (

, 1999) and pressure combines, and described combination is formed between each on-chip silicon dioxide spacer spare layer.

The step of the apparatus processing process of clearly describing not is known in those skilled in the art.

According to the calculating that proposes in the background technology, concerning 8 atmospheric input pressures, estimate between 1 to 10 watt by the power that single this equipment produces.

Pump gas is passed the Casimir hole needs power.We check needs for how much power, with as can not checking greater than the power that is produced by equipment to required drive.Consider 1cm ²Comprising diameter on the zone is the Casimir piece in the hole of 200nm, and it has the porosity of 1cm thickness and 0.25.We have found under standard temperature and pressure (STP) (STP), produce per second 1cm ³Pressure that flux is required and power.

According to the Figure 10 in the paper of people such as Roy (1993) (a), by the about 5mol/m that passes 60 micron thickness ²The pressure of mobile generation 760 holders (equaling an atmospheric pressure) of-s falls, and its corresponding gas flow rate is 10cm/s.Described speed is reduced to original 1/10th, does suitable unit conversion, the result be multiply by 1cm (10 ⁴Micron) divided by 60 microns thickness ratios, the result who provides is pressure 1700Pa, corresponding to 17 atmospheric pressure, promptly produces the required pressure of desirable gas flow.This result be multiply by 1cm ³s ^-1Gas flux (gas flux) to obtain power demand be 1.7 milliwatts.These results only are similar to, and will produce resistance because can reckon with the temperature and the structural change of passing the Casimir hole, and this resistance will need slightly larger pressure subsequently.Under any circumstance, the power demand of about 1.7 milliwatts will discharge far below 2.2 to 22 kilowatts the power that we estimate, the power of generation is far away more than the power that is used to produce air-flow.

Should be appreciated that but described size and material can make bigger change still be the part of this invention.Below be enumerating of some such variations, exhaustive but it is far from:

I. described substrate can be other insulating material or partially conductive material, as silicon, glass, pottery, plastics etc.

Ii. described conducting strip can be formed by other conductor, as copper, aluminium, gold, silver, silicide, transparent conductor such as indium oxide etc.

Iii. described is recessed into by the etched recesses that deposits conductor, or be recessed into, rather than deposit described and make them stretch out from the surface and disturbing flow potentially by using planarization technique to utilize industrial technique known between described, to be coated with insulating layer coating.

Iv. described spacer materia can be formed by for example polymer, metal and other material as photoresist and electron sensitive resist.

V. except that the described distance piece of deposition, they can form by be etched with the formation groove on one or two substrate.

Vi. the height of distance piece can be 1nm to several microns.

Vii. described substrate can or use the mode such as cyanoacrylate (cyanoacrylics) adhesive to connect by the pressure combination.

Viii. the size of unitary construction can from single be that several meters big template all changes to the distance between distance piece and the conductor/non-conductor zone to width.

Ix. described independent equipment can be clipped together to form thick structure.For example, replacing the substrate of 250 micron thickness, can used thickness be 50 microns or littler miniature plate, thereby forms compact structure.

X. except that the inert gas of describing before, described working fluid can also be various gases, makes all gas atoms of mentioning can expand to various types of molecules.

Xi. described working fluid can be a liquid, makes gas and gas atom that all are mentioned can expand to various types of liquid.In order to operate in up to about 100 ℃ of scopes, a kind of available liquid is ethylene glycol.For high-temperature operation, described fluid can be a sodium.

Xii. can be used for gas pump is passed described passage by the micro motor that uses microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) technology to form.

Xiii. the Casimir cavity can be made of carbon nano-tube.

Xiv. described pattern can form by using self assembly layer (self-assembled layers).

Xv. described equipment can be combined with the structure that nature forms.For example, (Goho, 2004a), described feature comprises the hole that is of a size of the dozens of nanometer to have the diatom test that the silicon dioxide of following feature constitutes by pattern.Can be as required to their coated conductor to form the Casimir cavity.

Xvi. tank can be by other material or the equipment replacement that can fully absorb the energy wavelength that is discharged arbitrarily.This material comprises the various Available Materials known to glass, organic polymer, hot optoelectronic device and those skilled in the art.

Xvii. described absorbing material can be arranged in the described equipment, the described passage that flows through of coating gas for example, rather than around entire equipment.In the gas that this set can allow absorbent roughly to reside to release energy with radiation wavelength.

The Casimir passage is passed in the gas vibration

The equipment of Miao Shuing is by passing the gas atom pumping on a plurality of transition layers in the aforementioned embodiment, thereby they are exposed to a large amount of transition layer between Casimir cavity area (between the conductive layer) and the exposed region (not having described conductive layer).Gas atom can vibrate between Casimir cavity and exposed region simply back and forth, rather than gas pump is passed described equipment.

A kind of mode (still unnecessary is the most effective working equipment) of simply describing this phenomenon is the equipment of considering among Fig. 4 A-4D, but will seal the slit that is positioned at northern edge and southern edge.Described ring is sealed by the thin metal film sheet, rather than is connected to pipeline by connector ring.Before the described equipment of sealing, it is filled desirable working gas.Subsequently ultrasonic transducer is coupled on the described diaphragm.When described ultrasonic transducer was powered, it promptly compressed and the described gas of decompress(ion), made its vibration back and forth between Casimir and exposed region.

Vertical Oscillation Flows equipment has been shown among Fig. 5 A-5C.Fig. 5 A shows vertical view, wherein is formed with many apertures 54 at substrate surface.This equipment be connected device ring 58 around.The cross section of the amplification in described hole has been shown among Fig. 5 B.Described hole 54 has diameter d, centre-to-centre spacing s, degree of depth t ₂, and the thickness of lip-deep conductive region 56 is t ₁The center cross-sectional of entire equipment has been shown among Fig. 5 C.It shows substrate (hole and conductive layer are not shown), is positioned at peripheral connector ring and the diaphragm 57 that is attached to described connector ring top.

Described slit and hole are filled selected working gas 59.Ultrasonic transducer or other high frequency vibration source are placed with described film 57 and contact and be energized.This will be created in upper and lower air pressure vibration upwards alternately, and described air pressure vibration forces gas atom to pass to be formed at the Casimir zone 55 at the place, top in each hole.Can form a plurality of conductive layers that replace and non-conductive layer at the place, top in described hole, rather than form single conductive layer, to double this effect at the place, top.Shown in the embodiment among Fig. 4 A-4D, described equipment is released energy by absorption device such as tank 24 centers on.

Described equipment is made as follows.By using vacuum moulding machine to deposit described conductive layer 56, perhaps from liquid, deposit described conductive layer 56 by anodic deposition or electroless deposition such as sputter.Described layer is by well known to a person skilled in the art that mode forms pattern, for example the dull and stereotyped photoetching of electron beam or xerox photoetching.Perhaps, as known to those skilled in the art, described hole 54 can form by using self-assembled monolayer, to generate mask.Described hole can be etched into by ion(ic) etching (ion milling) has big aspect ratio, and for example the degree of depth-diameter ratio is 20.Described external rings 58 uses epoxy resin attached, and described zone is filled desirable working gas 59, and diaphragm 57 is attached with epoxy resin.

Material and size in the preferred embodiment are as follows.Described substrate 52 is a sapphire, and its diameter is 2.54cm, and thickness is 250 microns.Described conductive layer 56 is an aluminium, thickness t ₁It is 1 micron.The degree of depth t in hole 54 ₂It is 4 microns.The diameter d in described hole is that 0.2 micron and centre-to-centre spacing s are 0.3 micron.

Should be appreciated that described shape, size, modulation technique and raw material can change significantly, but still be a part of the present invention.Be enumerating of some this variations below, but far be not exhaustive:

I. described Casimir cavity can be made of carbon nano-tube.

Ii. except that the inert gas of describing before, described working fluid can also be various gases, makes all gas atoms of mentioning can expand to various types of molecules.

Iii. described working fluid can be a liquid, makes gas and gas atom that all are mentioned can expand to various types of liquid.In order to operate in up to about 100 ℃ of scopes, a kind of available liquid is ethylene glycol.For high-temperature operation, described fluid can be a sodium.

Iv. described vibration can be produced by the thermal vibration (for example Brownian movement) of surrounding environment, rather than makes the gas atom vibration into and out of described Casimir cavity area on one's own initiative.

V. the configuration of described equipment can be similar with the configuration of the MEMS equipment shown in the 7B to Fig. 7 A (as the part explanation of back embodiment), makes working gas be promoted back and forth between left field and right side area.

Vi. described pattern can use the self assembly layer to form.

Vii. described equipment can be combined with the structure that nature forms.For example, have the diatom test that the silicon dioxide of following feature constitutes by pattern, described feature comprises the hole that is of a size of the dozens of nanometer.Can be as required to their coated conductor to form the Casimir cavity.

Viii. described pump can drive by abiogenous mechanism.For example, have been found that some yeast cells can be in 1.6kHz (Goho, 2004b) natural vibration down.Can utilize this phenomenon to make gas vibration back and forth between Casimir cavity and exposed region.

Ix. described tank can be by any other material or the equipment replacement that can fully absorb d/d energy wavelength.This material comprises the various Available Materials known to glass, organic polymer, hot optoelectronic device and those skilled in the art.

X. described absorbing material can be arranged in the described equipment, the described passage that flows through of coating gas for example, rather than around entire equipment.In the gas that this set can allow absorbent roughly to reside to release energy with radiation wavelength.

Casimir cavity in the flexible polymer body

Do not adopt and move it (Fig. 4 A-4D) by working gas is flowed or make its vibration into and out of this dual mode of described Casimir cavity (Fig. 5 A-5C), but can change the characteristic of the wall of described cavity, this will cause the conversion of the pattern that cavity allows.This will produce the identical result of derivation (tapping) vacuum electromagnetic energy who produces with the flowing gas equipment of the embodiment of Fig. 4 A-4D.A kind of mode of finishing this is to make working gas enter the slit that forms in flexible photonic crystal (flexible photonic crystals).Photonic crystal stops and through the electromagnetic radiation band, and the wave-length coverage of wherein said band depends on the spacing of material behavior and little repetitive construct.Flexible photonic crystal can form by implantation array or rigid objects (as the silicon post) in the flexible polymer body thin film.Electromagnetism (or optics) characteristic of this two-dimensional flat plate photonic crystal structure is (Park, 2002) known in those skilled in the art.

Fig. 6 A and 6B show this photonic crystal device.Fig. 6 A is a vertical view, and it shows the metallic supports 62 at thin polymer film 64 two ends.The described rigid posts that forms photonic crystal is embedded in the polymer.When described film was stretched in the plane at paper place, described column was reducing perpendicular to the spacing in the plane of paper, and this has changed the electromagnetism passband.Fig. 6 B is an end view, and it shows the slit that is full of working gas 69 in strutting piece 62, thin polymer film 64 and the film.(for clarity sake, not shown described column.) size in described slit is enough narrow, 200nm for example is to produce significant Casimir effect.Length or width need enough little of to keep described narrow slit, for example 1 micron.Stretching is that the vibrator that another strutting piece is attached to such as piezoelectric crystal by a strutting piece is attached to fixed object produces, and described vibrator is from being attached on another securing supports in its opposite side.As the embodiment among Fig. 4 A-5D, described equipment surrounds by being used to absorb device such as the tank 24 that releases energy.

Should be appreciated that described shape, size, modulation technique and material can carry out bigger change, but still be a part of the present invention.Be enumerating of some this changes below, but it far can not be exhaustive:

(1) can modulate polymer by the acoustical signal of passing air or passing the liquid that surrounds polymer, rather than the described polymer that stretches.

(2) can modulate polymer by thermal vibration on every side, rather than the described polymer that stretches.Along with described working gas and the heating of described structure, vibration also can increase.

(3) polymer that is embedded with rigid posts can form the bead that is full of working gas.By enclosed volume and in whole described volume modulated pressure or by making acoustical signal pass described volume or the mode by thermal vibration, these balls are full of or part is full of the modulated therein volume of described pressure.This modulation makes around the passband of the photonic crystal of described working gas and changes.Although the shape of described equipment is different with shown in Fig. 6 A-6B basically, function is the same.

(4) except that previously described inert gas, described working fluid can be all gases, makes all gas atoms of mentioning can expand to various types of molecules.

(5) described working fluid can be a liquid, makes gas and gas atom that all are mentioned can expand to various types of liquid.In order to operate in up to about 100 ℃ of scopes, a kind of available liquid is ethylene glycol.For high-temperature operation, described fluid can be a sodium.

(6) described tank can be by any other material or the equipment replacement that can fully absorb d/d energy wavelength.This material comprises the various Available Materials known to glass, organic polymer, hot optoelectronic device and those skilled in the art.

(7) described absorbing material can be arranged in the described equipment, the described passage that flows through of coating gas for example, rather than around entire equipment.In the gas that this set can allow absorbent roughly to reside to release energy with radiation wavelength.

Modulation Casimir cavity wall spacing

Can modulate the spacing of the wall of described cavity, rather than move it (Fig. 4 A-4D) by working gas is flowed, make its vibration into and out of described Casimir cavity (Fig. 5 A-5C) or the characteristic of wall of changing described cavity is to change these three kinds of modes of passband (Fig. 6 A and 6B).This will produce the identical result of derivation zero point energy who produces with the flowing gas equipment of previous embodiment.A kind of mode of finishing this adjustment is to make working gas enter the slit that forms in microelectromechanical systems (MEMS).

The MEMS technology utilizes the dull and stereotyped photoetching technique of semiconductor to set up milli machine equipment.In MEMS equipment, obviously found described Casimir effect.In calendar year 2001, the Chan of Bell LabsLucent Technologies and colleagues have at first proved the effect of the Casimir power in the MEMS equipment.Near MEMS lever oar (seesaw paddle), described lever oar is made of the polysilicon films that hangs on the substrate top on the thin torsion bar with gold-plated spheroid.The researchers of Bell Labs have proved the effect of the Casimir power when shaking described plate.

In the present invention, we utilize the MEMS technology to adjust spacing between the wall in Casimir space.(notice that we do not utilize Casimir power to change this spacing, because this method is finished in the demonstration of Bell Labs.) Fig. 7 A and 7B show and be used to finish this and operate employed basic MEMS equipment.End view is shown in Fig. 7 A.Two conductive electrodes that illustrate are positioned on the substrate 72.The pivot polysilicon films 74 that illustrates is suspended in the top of substrate 72.Conductive layer 77 be formed at this plate below.Vertical view is shown in Fig. 7 B.Pivot plate 74 forms the rectangular area, center, and slit 73 surrounds described zone.Pivotal arm 75 is connected to the peripheral region in the top and the bottom of described rectangle with this plate.As in embodiment before, described equipment is used to absorb device 24 such as the tank that releases energy and surrounds.

The function of described equipment is as follows: working gas is full of the zone between pivot plate 74 and the substrate 72.At first between described pivot plate and left electrodes, apply voltage.This will cause the left side of described plate and the distance between the substrate to reduce, and therefore change the size of the Casimir cavity that is formed by these two surfaces.Change into subsequently between described pivot plate and right electrodes and apply voltage.This causes that described plate pivots, and makes that the distance between described plate right side and the substrate reduces, thereby has changed the size of the Casimir cavity that is formed by these two surfaces.Described alternating voltage ground is changed between these two electrodes, causes that described plate vibrates back and forth.Described oscillation action is strengthened significantly by reversing of pivotal part, and making needs considerably less energy to keep this vibration.

The technology that is used to make this MEMS equipment is well known to a person skilled in the art.

Should be appreciated that described shape, size, modulation technique and material can change significantly, but be still a part of the present invention.Be enumerating of this change below, but it far is not exhaustive:

I. described Casimir cavity can be formed between the conductive gate of substrate and suspension, rather than uses MEMS equipment.Though have bigger spacing, similar technology has been used to form the static acoustic speaker.

Ii. the slit can be formed in the polymer, and the both sides in described slit all are coated with conductor, and described slit is full of working gas.Described subsequently polymer can be stretched, as shown in the embodiment of Fig. 6 A and 6B, and the feasible spacing that can adjust the Casimir cavity that forms by two conductors.Very alike shown in the figure of this operation and Fig. 6 B.

Iii. can be by passing air or pass around the acoustical signal of the liquid of described polymer polymer is modulated, rather than the described polymer that stretches.

Iv. can modulate polymer by the thermal vibration of surrounding environment, rather than the described polymer that stretches.Along with working gas and structure heating, described vibration will aggravate.

V. the inner surface polymer that is coated with conductor can form the bead that is full of working gas.By enclosed volume and in whole described volume modulated pressure or by making acoustical signal pass described volume or the mode by thermal vibration, can make these balls be full of the modulated therein volume of described pressure.The spacing that this modulation will cause holding the Casimir cavity of described working gas changes.Although the shape of described equipment is different with Fig. 7 A and 7B basically, function is identical.

Vi. except that the inert gas of describing before, described working fluid can be various gases, makes all gas atoms of mentioning can expand to various types of molecules.

Vii. described working fluid can be a liquid, makes gas and gas atom that all are mentioned can expand to various types of liquid.In order to operate in up to about 100 ℃ of scopes, a kind of available liquid is ethylene glycol.For high-temperature operation, described fluid can be a sodium.

Viii. tank can be by other material or the equipment replacement that can fully absorb the energy wavelength that is discharged arbitrarily.This material comprises the various Available Materials known to glass, organic polymer, hot optoelectronic device and those skilled in the art.

Ix. described absorbing material can be arranged in the described equipment, the described passage that flows through of coating gas for example, rather than around entire equipment.In the gas that this set can allow absorbent roughly to reside to release energy with radiation wavelength.

We notice that the MEMS equipment of Fig. 7 A and 7B can be used to described working gas is moved around equally between left field and right side area.This function is consistent into and out of the embodiment of Casimir cavity with the working gas vibration among Fig. 5 A-5C.

The entrance and exit that comprises the asymmetric Casimir cavity of absorption plant

As the beginning to this embodiment, we look back the process that the present invention relates to.The general conception of this whole invention is to make the gas that balances each other with the external electromagnetic pattern that comprises vacuum field (being also referred to as the field at zero point) enter the Casimir cavity.For this whole invention, the Casimir cavity is defined as the limited arbitrary region of electromagnetic mode.In case enter this zone, the electromagnetic mode that the space is supported will be restricted, and the electron orbit energy of gas atom reduces.As this consequence that reduces, superfluous energy is launched away and is absorbed by described equipment, thereby heat energy is provided.At that time, described atom is arranged in the Casimir cavity, and nearly all excess energy is radiated (unless gas flow is very fast).Described gas atom is through the Casimir cavity, and in case break away from from this zone and to enter the zone of supporting the electromagnetic mode of wide region more, and the electron orbit energy of gas atom is allowed to rise to the value before it once more so.Compensation to energy shortage is provided from electromagnetic mode on every side.

One of aim of the present invention is, the excess energy that discharges when gas enters described Casimir cavity is carried partly, and the energy shortage that must compensate when described cavity breaks away from when gas is provided by the overall energy.By this way, electromagnetic field is on every side derived (tapped), so that the available energy to be provided.Have such a case, i.e. the supply of the release of excess energy and not enough energy all is local, can not provide net energy in this case.Similarly, have such a case, i.e. the supply of the release of excess energy and not enough energy all is overall, also can not provide net energy in this case.For fear of these possibilities occurring, we provide dissymmetrical structure in described equipment, and energy shortage is supplied with globally to guarantee excess energy to be discharged partly.

The notion of embodiment has been shown among Fig. 8.This accompanying drawing shows passage 88, and it is similar to the passage shown in before some embodiment.Gas is limited between two

substrates

82 and 83, and flows through described passage along the direction shown in the arrow.As under situation before, gas flows to zone 86 from the zone 87 of the uncoated conductive layer of substrate.The difference has here provided zone line 84, and in described zone line, described substrate is coated with absorbed layer.This absorption region absorbs when atom and enters Casimir cavity (conduction) energy from the surplus of atomic radiation when regional.Described absorption region is nonconducting basically, therefore is not limited in the electromagnetic mode of supporting in the described zone basically.In case leave described Casimir cavity (conduction) zone, atom enters in another zone that does not have absorption region 87 immediately.Therefore, in case enter described Casimir cavity, because being absorbed zone 87, the excess energy of atom absorbs, so force described atom to carry the energy of their surpluses partly.In case gas atom breaks away from from the Casimir cavity, will force the non local ground of gas atom, promptly supply with their energy shortage globally, this is because there is not the local energy source of this energy.

As a kind of selection, another aspect of the present invention is when the emission of described gas atom, and described absorbed layer zone roughly is in the distance of an emission wavelength of gas atom.When gas atom breaks away from and is supplied to energy, in such distance, do not provide this layer from the Casimir cavity.Described substrate is chosen to make it not absorb emission wavelength.

Described absorbed layer can comprise glass (amorphous silica has impurity usually), and described substrate can comprise sapphire.For far infrared, glass has the absorption band wideer than sapphire.More other material of wide region also can be used to form described absorbed layer and non-absorption or few attract substrates.This material is known in those skilled in the art, and can obtain from form and handbook.

Can repeat the regional order shown in Fig. 8, with the sort of multi-disc structure among the embodiment that forms Fig. 4 A-4D.

Size among the embodiment of the size of described passage and equipment and Fig. 4 A-4D is approximate identical.Equally, those that describe among the others that offer attached, the distance piece of air-flow and equipment and Fig. 4 A-4D are similar.The length of conductive layer is chosen to make that the atom that breaks away from does not utilize basically from the absorption region radiation emitted.Note, different with the embodiment of Fig. 2, need not to surround described equipment to be used to absorb device 24 such as the tank that releases energy.

Because the manufacturing of described equipment is known in the field, therefore describe no longer clearly.

Should be appreciated that described size and material can be changed significantly, but be still a part of the present invention.Be enumerating of this change below, but it far is not exhaustive:

I. described substrate can be other insulation or partially conductive material, as silicon, glass, pottery, plastics etc.

Iii. described can be recessed in the described substrate, and perhaps described outstanding from the surface.

Iv. described independent equipment can be clipped together to form thick structure.For example, replacing the substrate of 250 micron thickness, can used thickness be 50 microns or littler miniature plate, thereby forms compact structure.

V. except that the inert gas of describing before, described working fluid can be various gases, makes all gas atoms of mentioning can expand to various types of molecules.

Vi. described working fluid can be a liquid, makes gas and gas atom that all are mentioned can expand to various types of liquid.In order to operate in up to about 100 ℃ of scopes, a kind of available liquid is ethylene glycol.For high-temperature operation, described fluid can be a sodium.

Vii. the micromachine that utilizes microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) technology to form can be used for gas pump is passed described passage.

Viii. described Casimir cavity can be made of carbon nano-tube.

Ix. described pattern can form by using the self assembly layer.

Described equipment can be combined with the structure that nature forms.For example, have the diatom test that the silicon dioxide of following feature constitutes by pattern, described feature comprises the hole that is of a size of the dozens of nanometer.For the needs of scope, can be as required to their coated conductor to form the Casimir cavity.

Although provided specific representative embodiment and details in order to describe the present invention, yet those skilled in the art can be apparently make various changes to disclosed method and apparatus here without departing from the present invention, and scope wherein of the present invention is defined by claims.

Claims

1, a kind of system from surrounding environment extraction and collection electromagnetic radiation comprises:

(a) fluid supply source is characterized in that having following ability: (i) absorption of electromagnetic radiation from surrounding environment, and discharge the described energy of at least a portion when (ii) making described fluid in flowing into the Casimir cavity;

(b) first structure, it is configured to collect at least a portion electromagnetic radiation of described release of fluid;

(c) second structure, it comprises the device that defines a specified path, is used for holding described fluid along described path;

(d) the 3rd structure, it comprises the Casimir cavity, described Casimir cavity be positioned in the described specified path and with described second respective outer side edges, thereby when described fluid being flowed into and flowing out described Casimir cavity, described Casimir cavity is oriented to fully be communicated with surrounding environment and described first structure, thereby (i) when the fluid that includes the electromagnetic energy that absorbs from surrounding environment flows into described Casimir cavity, make described fluid discharge the described energy of at least a portion to described first structure, and (ii) when described fluid flows out, make described fluid absorption of electromagnetic energy from surrounding environment once more from described Casimir cavity.

2, system according to claim 1, wherein said second structure construction becomes to make described fluid to flow into along described path and flows out described Casimir cavity.

3, system according to claim 1, wherein said second structure becomes to make described Casimir cavity with respect to described fluid motion with described the 3rd structure construction, so that equally also make described fluid inflow and flow out described Casimir cavity.

4, system according to claim 1, the wherein said device that defines described specified path has defined the close access that is used to hold described fluid, and described second structure construction becomes to make identical circulation of fluid to flow into and flows out described Casimir cavity.

5, system according to claim 4, wherein said path has defined a circular path, and described second structure comprises and is configured to make described fluid to cross described path and flow into and flow out the mechanism of described Casimir cavity around described path flow.

6, system according to claim 4, wherein said second structure comprise the mechanism that is used to make described fluid flow through described path back and forth and flows into and flow out described Casimir cavity.

7, system according to claim 1, wherein said fluid is a gas.

8, system according to claim 7, wherein said gas is monoatomic gas.

9, system according to claim 7, wherein said gas is molecular gas.

10, system according to claim 1, wherein said first structure comprises the container that is made of the material that is used for absorption of electromagnetic energy, described absorbing material surrounds described at least Casimir cavity.

11, system according to claim 6, wherein said absorbing material is a liquid.

12, system according to claim 11, wherein said fluent material is a water.

13, system according to claim 3, wherein said the 3rd structure construction becomes described Casimir cavity is moved back and forth between first and second spaced positions.

14, system according to claim 1, wherein said Casimir cavity comprises relative wall, described the 3rd structure construction becomes to make the position of the wall of described Casimir cavity to move back and forth between first and second spaced positions.

15, a kind of system that extracts and collect electromagnetic energy from electromagnetism quantum vacuum on every side comprises:

(a) defined first structure of at least one Casimir cavity, described Casimir cavity configuration becomes to make the described energy of described gas release at least a portion when the gas that has the electromagnetic energy that obtains from electromagnetism quantum vacuum on every side flows into described Casimir cavity;

(b) be arranged in second structure of electromagnetism quantum vacuum on every side, described second structure comprise described gas the source and with the mechanism of described first respective outer side edges, so that described gas is gone into described Casimir cavity from described electromagnetism quantum vacuum-flow on every side, from described Casimir cavity, flow out subsequently and flow back into described around in the electromagnetism quantum vacuum, thereby described gas discharges part energy at least when flowing into described Casimir cavity, subsequently flow back into described around absorption of electromagnetic energy from electromagnetism quantum vacuum on every side once more in the electromagnetism quantum vacuum time, described mechanism and described first structure cooperate each other, make described gas flow into by the relative motion between described Casimir cavity and the described gas and flow out described Casimir cavity;

(c) be used to catch the 3rd structure by at least a portion electromagnetic energy of described release of fluid, described the 3rd structure comprises with respect to described Casimir cavity location so that the device of being caught by described absorber by at least a portion electromagnetic energy of described gas release.

16, a kind of system comprises:

(a) comprise first structure of a plurality of Casimir cavitys, each Casimir cavity all is configured to make the described electromagnetic energy of described release of fluid at least a portion when the fluid that has the electromagnetic energy that obtains from surrounding environment flows into described Casimir cavity;

(b) be arranged in second structure of surrounding environment, described second structure comprise described fluid the source and with the device of described first respective outer side edges, so that described fluid flows into each described Casimir cavity from described surrounding environment, from described Casimir cavity, flow out subsequently and flow back in the described surrounding environment, thereby described fluid discharges part energy at least when flowing into described Casimir cavity, absorption of electromagnetic energy from surrounding environment once more when flowing back into described surrounding environment subsequently, described device and described first structure cooperate each other, make described fluid flow into by the relative motion between described Casimir cavity and the described fluid and flow out described Casimir cavity;

(c) be used to catch the 3rd structure by at least a portion electromagnetic energy of described release of fluid.

17, system according to claim 16, wherein said device comprises from described surrounding environment and extends into and pass described Casimir cavity and return at least one fluid passage the described surrounding environment, described Casimir cavity is defined by a series of conducting strips that are arranged in described path, second group of isolated conducting strip that the opposite side that described a series of conducting strip comprises the first group of isolated conducting strip that is positioned at described path one side and is positioned at described path aligns with described first group corresponding conducting strip, each in the paired conducting strip of described alignment is to locating relative to each other with formation Casimir cavity.

18, a kind of method comprises:

(a) provide first structure that has defined at least one Casimir cavity, described Casimir cavity configuration becomes to make the described energy of described release of fluid at least a portion when the fluid that has the electromagnetic energy that obtains from surrounding environment flows into described Casimir cavity;

(b) provide the source of described fluid;

(c) make described fluid flow into described Casimir cavity from described surrounding environment, from described Casimir cavity, flow out subsequently and turn back in the described surrounding environment, thereby described fluid discharges part energy at least when flowing into described Casimir cavity, absorption of electromagnetic energy from surrounding environment once more in the time of subsequently in flowing back into surrounding environment flows into described fluid and flows out described Casimir cavity by the relative motion between described Casimir cavity and the fluid; And

(d) catch at least a portion electromagnetic energy by described release of fluid.

19, a kind of method of extracting and collecting electromagnetic radiation from surrounding environment comprises:

(a) provide the fluid supply source, it is characterized in that having following ability: (i) absorption of electromagnetic radiation from surrounding environment, and discharge the described energy of at least a portion when (ii) making described fluid in flowing into the Casimir cavity;

(b) provide first structure, described first structure construction becomes to collect at least a portion electromagnetic radiation by described release of fluid;

(c) provide second structure, described second structure comprises the device that defines a specified path, is used for holding described fluid along described path;

(d) provide the 3rd structure, described the 3rd structure comprises the Casimir cavity that is positioned in the described specified path;

(e), described fluid is flowed into and flow out described Casimir cavity when when described specified path holds described fluid; And

(f) described Casimir cavity is positioned to fully be communicated with surrounding environment and described first structure, thereby (i) when the fluid that includes the electromagnetic energy that absorbs from surrounding environment flows into described Casimir cavity, make described fluid discharge the described energy of at least a portion to described first structure, and (ii) when described fluid flows out, make described fluid absorption of electromagnetic energy from surrounding environment once more from described Casimir cavity.

20, a kind of system comprises:

(a) define first structure of at least one mechanism, wherein said mechanism design becomes when the given fluid that has the electromagnetic energy that obtains from surrounding environment flows into described mechanism, makes atom and the molecule of forming described given fluid change its configuration in the mode that discharges the described energy of at least a portion;

(b) be arranged in second structure of surrounding environment, described second structure comprise described fluid the source and with the device of described first respective outer side edges, so that described fluid flows into described mechanism from described surrounding environment, from described mechanism, flow out subsequently and flow back in the described surrounding environment, thereby described fluid discharges part energy at least when flowing into described mechanism, absorption of electromagnetic energy from surrounding environment once more in the time of subsequently in flowing back into described surrounding environment, described device and described first structure are fitted to each other, and make described fluid flow into by the relative motion between described mechanism and the described fluid and flow out described mechanism; And