CN101535389A - 一种保护基底免受热流和火焰损伤的组合物及其方法 - Google Patents
一种保护基底免受热流和火焰损伤的组合物及其方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及火焰或热流防护性涂料组合物,该组合物含有分散于硅树脂中的玻璃纤维。本发明还涉及火焰或热流防护板,该防护板含有片状形式的玻璃纤维和硅树脂,其中玻璃纤维分散于硅树脂中或者玻璃纤维是包被硅树脂的编织布。本发明还涉及应用火焰或热流的防护涂层或防护板形式的物件以及用火焰或热流防护涂料组合物包被物件的方法。
Description
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求2006年8月1日递交的申请号为60/834,696的美国临时申请的优先权,并将其内容通过引用并入本文。
关于受联邦政府资助研究的声明
美国政府拥有本发明的已缴费的许可,并在有限的情况下,有权要求专利所有人在根据由美国陆军获得的基金W15QKN-06-P-0262所提供的期限而制定的合理期限内许可他人。
背景技术
热障涂层(TBC)从延长的或过度的热流中隔离和保护基底,并使得基底材料在使用保留其机械性能的完整性。系统类型及其成分的选择取决于用途。热量可以通过几种方法从基底中耗散,包括热沉、主动冷却、蒸腾冷却、辐射冷却以及膨胀。
需要当受到机械压力时能够保护基底免于高温暴露,对破损具有高应力(即韧性),并且在恶劣低温下具有粘附性的涂料。
发明内容
本发明涉及一种火焰或热流防护性涂料组合物,该组合物含有分散于硅树脂中的玻璃纤维。本发明还涉及一种火焰或热流防护板,该防护板含有片状形式的玻璃纤维和硅树脂,其中玻璃纤维分散于硅树脂中或者玻璃纤维是包被硅树脂的编织布。本发明还涉及用火焰或热流防护涂层包被物品的方法,以及应用火焰或热流的防护涂层或防护板形式的物件。
附图说明
图1是阐述被测试涂层产品规格的表格。
图2是火焰测试中温度对时间作图得到的图。
图3是描述平均火焰测试结果图。
发明的详细描述
玻璃纤维成分给予本发明中的组合物高辐射系数。辐射系数作为其温度的函数,是材料吸收和辐射能量的能力,在本文中定义为材料辐射给同温度的黑体的总能量比率。黑体吸收全部电磁辐射,是辐射系数为1的理想辐射体。所有非黑体物体的辐射系数都小于1,并由物体的温度、表面特性、几何形状和尺寸,以及化学组成所决定。为了散热,接近1的高辐射系数值是理想的。玻璃纤维的辐射系数在0.87-0.95之间。
玻璃纤维为涂料组合物提供相对低的导热率,因此也具有高热绝缘值。例如,一股玻璃纤维的一端能够在高温时从其包被基底上将热辐射掉,而同一股玻璃纤维的另一端能够使基底隔绝辐射的热量。
玻璃纤维成分以适于热暴露时促进有效辐射冷却的量存在。在一种实施方案中,玻璃纤维成分存在的量为组合物重量的约4%至约14%。优选地,玻璃纤维的存在的量为组合物重量的约8%-约14%,更加优选组合物重量的约8%-约12%。
玻璃纤维成分可以具有合适的纤维长度和直径。玻璃纤维成分还可以包含具有混合的适当长度和直径的纤维。优选地,纤维长度范围为大约1毫米至大约20毫米。优选的纤维直径为大约6微米至大约19微米。可选择地,在与硅树脂成分结合之前从玻璃纤维成分中去除至少一部分胶料。
硅树脂成分为涂层提供机械柔性和在宽温度范围内(例如,-110-400℉)的热稳定性。此外,高温下(例如,超过400℉)硅树脂成分分解成为二氧化硅和氧化硅,可从热源中吸收大量能量。另外,作为硅树脂降解的结果,玻璃纤维的大表面积暴露出来。暴露的玻璃纤维的缠绕网加深了涂层辐射降温的程度,并通过停留在植根于温度较低的接近被保护的基底表面的硅树脂底层而隔热。
优选地,硅树脂成分包括二甲基硅氧烷和聚二甲基硅氧烷。
本发明的另一方面涉及应用火焰或热流防护涂料组合物于物件的至少一部分的方法,其中所述的组合物包括分散于硅树脂中的玻璃纤维。在优选的实施方案中,涂料通过刷涂的方法涂在基底上。在另一个实施方案中,通过将基底浸泡于涂料组合物中而将涂料涂在基底上。当涂覆涂料时,均匀的层并不是关键性的,但涂层必须足够的厚,厚到看不到下垫面。
本发明的另一方面涉及一种物件,该物件至少一部分被含有分散于硅树脂的玻璃纤维的组合物涂覆。
用于包被物件的合适基底包括,例如,热塑性塑料、热塑性塑料复合材料、聚乙烯、木材、石材、金属(例如,钢)、陶瓷、玻璃、砌体材料(举例来说,砖块、大理石、花岗岩、钙华、石灰石、混凝土砌块、玻璃砖、瓦,等等),及类似物。例如,美国专利6,191,228、5,951,940、5,916,932、5,789,477和5,298,214公开了由生活和工业废塑料制成的结构可再生的塑料木材复合材料,其中聚烯烃与聚苯乙烯或热塑性塑料包被的诸如玻璃纤维的纤维材料混合。这五个专利的公开都以引文形式并入本文。
被涂覆的物件可以具有任何形状或形式,例如,圆形截面,矩形截面,环状截面,呈片状,或其组合。塑料复合材料的示例性的形式公开于2003年7月8日提交的美国专利申请60/486,205,2005年5月19日提交的美国专利申请60/683,115,2006年1月9日提交的美国专利申请10/563,883,以及2006年5月19日提交的国际申请PCT/US06/19311。所有上述公开都以引文形式并入本文。在一个实施方案中,物件为L型梁、I型梁、C型梁、T型梁,或其组合。
适于用本发明所述组合物涂覆的示例性物件包括,但不限于,钢弹盒、铁路轨枕、塑料管材、木材、板桩、船壳、轻型货车车身、汽油罐、汽车油箱、飞机、船舶,以及潜艇,诸如点火室的高温作业组件附近区域,基础设施,例如建筑支持结构和悬索桥中的缆索,高压储罐,等等。
本发明中的组合物也可以呈现为片状形式。例如,硅树脂和玻璃纤维成分可以在挤压机中结合,并挤压入板材挤出模具。在另一个实施方案中,编织的玻璃纤维布用硅树脂成分被覆。
本发明的这种片状形式的示例性涂覆包括,但不限于,织物,例如防火服和防火毯,以及涂覆于上文提到的适合包被本发明中的组合物的任一物件的片状形式。
在此给出的下文中的非限制性实例阐述了本发明的某些方面。
具体实施方式
实施例1-样品制备
制备含有痕量硅树脂油,玻璃纤维在硅树脂中占重量比4、6、8、10、12和14%的混合物。在搅拌机中混合这些成分,并用油灰刀涂于钢片,目标厚度为1.6毫米或以下。玻璃纤维/硅树脂涂层与七种商品化的产品比较(图1),进行低温弯折测试以及直接高温火焰测试。涂层涂覆于标准的76×152×0.735毫米钢片。两个试验中每一个样品或涂层类型都测试三份样本。
实施例2-低温弯折测试
涂布的钢板在0.64厘米芯棒旁以180°角弯曲,随后在干冰(约-79℃)上退火至少15分钟。在测试过程中,每个样本在弯曲30°、90°和180°时都拍下照片。目测观察提供一种涂层结合于钢基底时对于热冲击的反应,并且指示由于低温下弯折所产生的表面损伤的类型和严重程度。成功的涂覆在测试之后没有表面损伤。在弯折时,涂层拉伸以适应基底新的更大的表面积。涂层的表面具有张力,并且弯折时受到最高百分比的张力。因此,裂纹开始在涂层表面形成。涂层的破坏是通过在涂层和分层中的裂纹发展和扩展来表征的。常见的失败模式包括变形区中平行于弯曲轴的细小裂纹形成,造成成块的涂料脱落和基底暴露的大裂纹,以及一些脆性破损。在某些情况下,涂层本身也会分层。这些类型的表面破损表明具有低应力的涂层在低温下会受到破坏,并将脱离或分层,暴露出基底,产生辐射换热的点源。
如图1所示,产品A、B、C、D、E和G由于裂纹的形成而没有通过低温弯折测试。当采用更大的弯折角时,初始裂纹简单传播,导致成块的涂层从基底脱落,以及/或者涂层分层。在产品C的样品中,三个样本中有两个通过测试,而在产品G的样品中,三个样本中有一个通过测试。然而,每个样品的全部样本都必须通过测试,才能被认定为成功。产品H,一种基于硅树脂的涂料,是测试的商品化涂料中唯一遭受任何表面损伤并通过低温弯折测试的。玻璃纤维/硅树脂复合材料涂层没有遭受任何表面损伤,在弯折过程中保持附着于基底,并通过了低温弯折测试。涂层的厚度看来并没有显著影响低温性能。对于产品E和玻璃纤维/硅树脂复合材料,制备了各种厚度的样本。所有的产品E样本都没有通过测试,而所有玻璃纤维/硅树脂复合材料样本都通过了测试。
实施例3-火焰测试
由丙烷火炬产生的火焰常规应用于样品的涂层侧。红外传感器(Omega OS550系列红外工业高温计)对准火焰轴,垂直的钢片背面测量的温度为时间的函数。将火焰的内圆锥长度调整至3.175厘米,内锥的尖端,火焰温度最高的部分,直接定位至样品表面距底边2.54厘米上方,横跨样品幅宽的中心。这种构造给予高温直接点加热的最严酷的条件。丙烷绝热的火焰温度大约在1,927℃+/-38℃。使用的火焰总持续时间为10分钟。如果某种涂层经红外传感器检测到的最高温度超过316℃,则认为该涂料火焰测试失败。每种涂层所达到的最高温度与对照样本无涂层钢板比较以作参考。
火焰测试结果在图2和图3中以图形化展示。每个样品的火焰测试过程中的平均温度对时间数据展示于图2中,每个样品的平均最高温度和标准差展示于图3中。在所有的涂层中,12%玻璃纤维/硅树脂涂层保持最低的最高温度值。在图3中,黑色的水平线表示通过/失败温度限值316℃,并从那些失败的涂层中区分出通过火焰测试的涂料(例如,具有低于这条线的最高温度涂层通过测试,而高于此的则失败)。
具有低于限值的最高温度的涂层是产品D和产品E以及玻璃纤维/硅树脂复合材料涂层(除了6%玻璃纤维组合物)(图1)。产品A、B、C、F、G和H的平均最高温度超过限值,因此测试失败。
上述实施例和优选实施方案的描述应该被视为举例说明,而不是对本发明如权利要求所界定的保护范围的限制。容易被接收的是,就上面提出的特征的诸多变化和组合可以被应用而不偏离权利要求界定的本发明。这些变化不能被认为是偏离本发明的实质内容和文字表达,所有这样的变化都将视为包含在所附权利要求书的范围内。
Claims (13)
1.一种火焰或热流防护涂料组合物,其特征在于,所述组合物包含分散于硅树脂中的玻璃纤维。
2.根据权利要求1所述的组合物,其特征在于,所述玻璃纤维在组合物中存在的数量为组合物重量的约8%至约14%。
3.根据权利要求2所述的组合物,其特征在于,所述玻璃纤维在组合物中存在的数量为组合物重量的约8%至约12%。
4.根据权利要求1所述的组合物,其特征在于,所述玻璃纤维包含长度为约1毫米至约20毫米的纤维。
5.根据权利要求1所述的组合物,其特征在于,所述玻璃纤维包含直径为约6微米至约19微米的纤维。
6.根据权利要求1所述的组合物,其特征在于,至少一部分胶料从所述玻璃纤维中去除。
7.一种物件,其特征在于,所述的物件含有至少一部分用权利要求1中所述组合物包被的表面。
8.根据权利要求7所述的物件,其特征在于,所述的表面含有选自下述组的材料,所述的组包括金属,热塑性塑料、热塑性塑料复合材料、聚乙烯、木材、石材、陶瓷、玻璃、砌体材料以及其组合。
9.根据权利要求7所述的物件,其中所述物件选自下述组,该组包括钢弹盒、铁路轨枕、塑料管材、木材、板桩、船壳、轻型货车车身、汽油罐、汽车油箱、飞机、船舶、潜艇,高温作业组件附近区域、基础设施、建筑支持结构、悬索桥中的缆索,以及高压储罐。
10.一种含有片状形式的玻璃纤维和硅树脂的火焰或热流防护板,其特征在于,所述玻璃纤维分散于硅树脂中,或者所述玻璃纤维是一种包被硅树脂的编织布。
11.一种含有权利要求10中所述板材的物件,所述物件选自下述组,该组由织物、钢弹盒、铁路轨枕、塑料管材、木材、板桩、船壳、轻型货车车身、汽油罐、汽车油箱、飞机、船舶、潜艇、高温作业组件附近区域、基础设施、建筑支持结构、悬索桥中的缆索,以及高压储罐组成。
12.根据权利要求11所述的物件,其特征在于,所述织物用于防火服或防火毯。
13.一种用火焰或热流防护涂层包被物品的方法,其特征在于,该方法包括将权利要求1所述的组合物涂敷于所述物品的至少一部分。
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US11939265B2 (en) | 2018-03-13 | 2024-03-26 | Lydall Performance Materials (Us), Inc. | High temperature thermo-acoustic barrier material with low smoke and odor |
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US11512208B2 (en) | 2006-08-01 | 2022-11-29 | Rutgers, The State University Of New Jersey | Compositions and methods for the protection of substrates from heat flux and fire |
US7955996B2 (en) * | 2006-08-01 | 2011-06-07 | Rutgers, The State University Of New Jersey | Compositions and methods for the protection of substrates from heat flux and fire |
US9609857B2 (en) | 2012-08-09 | 2017-04-04 | Todd Nugent | Device and method for pest control |
MX2016007457A (es) | 2013-12-10 | 2016-10-03 | General Cable Tech Corp | Composiciones termoconductoras y sus cables. |
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US20050266219A1 (en) * | 2000-11-17 | 2005-12-01 | Hodgson Peter C | Coupling of reinforcing fibres to resins in curable composites |
US20060025510A1 (en) * | 2004-08-02 | 2006-02-02 | Dean David M | Flame retardant polymer blend and articles thereof |
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US11939265B2 (en) | 2018-03-13 | 2024-03-26 | Lydall Performance Materials (Us), Inc. | High temperature thermo-acoustic barrier material with low smoke and odor |
CN111936729A (zh) * | 2018-03-20 | 2020-11-13 | 利达性能材料(美国)有限公司 | 具有低烟雾和气味的高温热声屏障 |
CN111936729B (zh) * | 2018-03-20 | 2022-11-04 | 利达性能材料(美国)有限公司 | 具有低烟雾和气味的高温热声屏障 |
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IL196819A0 (en) | 2009-11-18 |
BRPI0714821A2 (pt) | 2013-05-21 |
MX2009001173A (es) | 2009-04-23 |
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KR20090075661A (ko) | 2009-07-08 |
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