CN101534269A - Underwater sound communication system - Google Patents
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- CN101534269A CN101534269A CN200910038603A CN200910038603A CN101534269A CN 101534269 A CN101534269 A CN 101534269A CN 200910038603 A CN200910038603 A CN 200910038603A CN 200910038603 A CN200910038603 A CN 200910038603A CN 101534269 A CN101534269 A CN 101534269A
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Abstract
The invention discloses an underwater sound communication system, wherein a transmitter comprises an MIMO space multiplexing unit, a plurality of spectrum spreading units, a plurality of SC-FDE pretreatment modules and a plurality of transmitting sonars; a plurality of output ends of the MIMO space multiplexing unit are in one-to-one connection with the plurality of the spectrum spreading units; each spectrum spreading unit is connected to one SC-FDE pretreatment module; each SC-FDE pretreatment module is connected to one transmitting sonar; a receiver comprises a plurality of receiving sonars, a plurality of filtering detecting units, a plurality of SC-FDE modules, a plurality of dispreading units, and an MIMO demultiplexing unit; each receiving sonar is connected with one filtering detecting unit; each filtering detecting unit is connected to one SC-FDE module; each SC-FDE module is connected to one dispreading unit; and the plurality of the dispreading units are in one-to-one connection with a plurality of input ends of the MIMO demultiplexing unit. The system can resist multipath interface, improve frequency spectrum utilization ratio, channel capacity, information transmission rate and confidentiality, compensate Doppler frequency shift and reduce signal-to-noise ratio.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the water sound communication technique field, be specifically related to a kind of underwater sound communication system.
Background technology
The applied natural environment of water sound communication technique is generally the shallow sea.In the shallow sea, main ambient noise has hydrodynamic noise, and ((50kHz～200kHz) etc., long-range underwater acoustic channel can only transmit the following signal of 15kHz mostly for 500Hz～50kHz), seawater thermal noise.Compare with wire communication with radio communication, the random narrow-band channel that change when underwater acoustic channel is, space-variant, frequency become, disturb on serious many ways and Doppler frequency deviation is the high main cause of the underwater sound communication error rate, multipath transmisstion effect, ocean current influence, energy cause the signal time domain broadening in the factors such as propagation in seabed, thereby cause frequency selective fading; The kinetic scattering in influence, sea of relative motion between transmit-receive platform, ocean current (as morning and evening tides, interior ripple, whirlpool etc.), the signal fadeout in the seawater etc. can cause Doppler's expansion of multipath signal, be a kind of frequency expansion of the signal fadeout process that causes by the Doppler frequency shift phenomenon, claim time selective fading again.When water quality one timing, Doppler frequency shift all is directly proportional with the translational speed of carrier frequency and travelling carriage.
Band spectrum modulation is by the signal that injects a higher frequency baseband signal to be expanded to a radio-frequency (RF) communication system in the wideer frequency band, and the energy that promptly transmits is extended in the wideer frequency band it is seemed as noise.That spread spectrum has is anti-interference, anti-many ways, strong security and be easy to realize the not available premium properties of the many narrow band communications of code division multiple access, and the related gain of spread-spectrum signal can be so that carry out the recovery of signal under the condition of negative signal to noise ratio, be applicable to low under water property make an uproar than environment.Spread spectrum comprises direct sequence spread spectrum, frequency hopping, code division multiple access (Code Diversion MultipleAccess, CDMA) and direct sequence spread spectrum codes divide multiple access (Direct Sequence Code Diversion Multiple Access, technology such as DS-CDMA).But the underwater sound communication available band is limited, and multipath effect makes the chip rate can not be too big, so the frequency expansion sequence pulsewidth is bigger usually; If existing spread-spectrum modulation technique is incorporated in the underwater sound communication system directly, individually, will cause spread spectrum underwater acoustic system loaded information speed very low.
The straightforward procedure that overcomes the intersymbol interference that channel multi-path produces is to leave sufficiently long wait time slot between each chip, make between its code element interval greater than the multipath maximum delay, but this method can cause traffic rate very low.At present, disturb, improve that major part research that communication quality carried out all concentrates on spread spectrum or OFDM is modulated (OrthogonalFrequency Division Multiplexing to overcoming multipath, OFDM) technical, and the OFDM technology generally is applied in the communication system (as radio communications system) of channel width broad; And to how overcoming research that multipath in the underwater sound communication disturbs still in the early stage.
Single carrier frequency domain equalization (Single Carrier-Frequency Domain Equalization, SC-FDE) and OFDM all be the physical layer key technology that the IEEE802.16 system is formulated air-interface standard, both have a lot of similarities on principle and implementation structure, as all having utilized fast fourier transform (Fast Fourier Transform, FFT), and at each frame symbol front interpolation Cyclic Prefix (Cyclic Prefix, CP), to overcome the intersymbol interference that multipath causes, difference mainly is fast fourier transform and anti-fast fourier transform (Inverse Fast Fourier Transform, IFFT) position difference, for single carrier frequency domain equalization, FFT and IFFT position are all at receiving terminal.The computation complexity of single carrier frequency domain equalization is little more a lot of than corresponding time domain equalization computation complexity, and its complexity is with the linear variation of logarithm of channel chromatic dispersion length (code element extension length), and time domain equalization is with the linear variation of channel chromatic dispersion length.
Single-carrier frequency domain equalization system can remedy the deficiency of ofdm system, and has the unexistent advantage of many OFDM simultaneously:
(1) there is not the stack of a plurality of carrier waves in SC-FDE, compares with OFDM to have reduced peak-to-average power ratio greatly, this means that the linearity to power amplifier requires to have reduced, and can adopt cheaper power amplifier;
(2) SC-FDE is responsive unlike OFDM for carrier wave frequency deviation;
(3) SC-FDE can provide the performance much at one with OFDM under very long situation of channel impulse response duration, as it is strong to overcome frequency selective fading, spectrum efficiency height, ability of anti-multipath;
(4) the SC-FDE system is structurally similar with ofdm system, and is suitable substantially on computation complexity.
Solve the multipath interference problem and also can pass through diversity technique.Multiple-input, multiple-output (Multiple Input Multiple Output, MIMO) the abundant development space resource of technology, utilize a plurality of antennas to realize MIMO, the signal that each transmitting antenna sends simultaneously takies same frequency band, not needing to increase under the situation of frequency spectrum resource and antenna transmission power, can improve channel capacity exponentially.The MIMO technology can be utilized multipath component in the propagation to a certain extent, that is to say that MIMO can the anti-multipath decline.The MIMO technology is broadly divided into two kinds of Space Time Coding and spatial reuses, and wherein the Space Time Coding technology can improve diversity gain, thereby reduces the error rate of signal.Spatial reuse can not need to increase under the condition of frequency band, increases channel capacity, thereby improves transmission rate.Transceiver can adopt underwater acoustic transducer battle array mode to realize the MIMO technology.
By information theory as can be known, the channel capacity of smooth mimo channel is:
In the formula, Q is defined as
Wherein H is a channel matrix, ρ=P
r/ N
0Be average received signal to noise ratio, n
R, n
TBe respectively reception antenna and number of transmit antennas.
Channel h between each antenna
IjWhen uncorrelated, E (HH
*) all characteristic value γ approximately equal all.The capacity of mimo channel can be expressed as:
By following formula as seen, the mimo channel capacity is the minimum value z=min[n with transmitting antenna and reception antenna number
r, n
t] be linear and increase.If two different spatial spacings are greater than the correlation distance between the antenna (being separated by ten usually more than the signal wavelength), just think that the signal at two places is uncorrelated fully, so antenna distance should suitably draw back,, realize increasing the mimo channel capacity to guarantee the mutual independence of emission, acknowledge(ment) signal.
The MIMO technology can be utilized the multipath component in the propagation, i.e. anti-multipath decline, and can under the condition that does not increase bandwidth, increase channel capacity, improve the rate of information throughput, but for the frequency selectivity deep fade, the MIMO technology is still powerless.The SC-FDE technology can suppress the frequency selective fading of signal, improve the availability of frequency spectrum, spread spectrum can be anti-interference, anti-multipath, and can realize reliable communication under low signal-to-noise ratio, good confidentiality, but multipath effect makes the chip rate can not be too big under water, thereby spread spectrum underwater acoustic system loaded information speed is very low, so, be necessary MIMO technology, spread spectrum and SC-FDE technology are combined, the multipath that can not only suppress underwater acoustic channel disturbs, can also overcome the frequency selectivity deep fade of signal, increase channel capacity, improve the rate of information throughput.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is shortcomings and deficiencies, proposed the underwater sound communication system that a kind of anti-multipath disturbed, improved the availability of frequency spectrum, increase channel capacity, the rate of information throughput that improves, raising confidentiality, compensating for doppler frequency shifts, realization low signal-to-noise ratio (even negative signal to noise ratio) at prior art.
Purpose of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions: a kind of underwater sound communication system, comprise transmitter and receiver, it is characterized in that: described transmitter comprises multiple-input, multiple-output spatial reuse unit (being MIMO spatial reuse unit), several spectrum-spreading units, several single carrier frequency domain equalization pretreatment module (being the SC-FDE pretreatment module) and several emission sonars, wherein several outputs of multiple-input, multiple-output spatial reuse unit and several spectrum-spreading units connect one to one, each spectrum-spreading unit is connected to a single carrier frequency domain equalization pretreatment module, and each single carrier frequency domain equalization pretreatment module is connected to an emission sonar; Described receiver comprises that several receive sonar, several filtering detecting units, several single carrier frequency domain equalization modules (being the SC-FDE module), several despread unit and multiple-input, multiple-output demultiplexing unit (being the MIMO demultiplexing unit), wherein each reception sonar links to each other with a filtering detecting unit, each filtering detecting unit is connected to a single carrier frequency domain equalization module, each single carrier frequency domain equalization module is connected to a despread unit, and some inputs of several despread unit and multiple-input, multiple-output demultiplexing unit connect one to one.
Described each spectrum-spreading unit comprises a replication module, several spread spectrum multipliers; The input of replication module is connected with an output of multiple-input, multiple-output spatial reuse unit, and several outputs of replication module and several spread spectrum multipliers connect one to one; Each spread spectrum multiplier is connected with the single carrier frequency domain equalization pretreatment module; Described each despread unit comprises several despreading multipliers, a merging module; Each despreading multiplier is connected with the single carrier frequency domain equalization module; Several inputs and several despreading multipliers that merge module connect one to one, and the output that merges module is connected with an input of multiple-input, multiple-output demultiplexing unit.
Described each single carrier frequency domain equalization pretreatment module comprises successively the interpolation Cyclic Prefix submodule (promptly adding the CP submodule) that connects, add pilot tone and synchronizing signal submodule, the parallel serial conversion submodule; Add the Cyclic Prefix submodule and be connected with spectrum-spreading unit, the parallel serial conversion submodule is connected with the emission sonar; Described each single carrier frequency domain equalization module comprises serial to parallel conversion submodule, deletion Cyclic Prefix submodule, fast fourier transform submodule (being the FFT transformation submodule), channel estimation and equalization submodule, the anti-fast fourier transform submodule (being the IFFT transformation submodule) that connects successively; The serial to parallel conversion submodule is connected with the filtering detecting unit, and anti-fast fourier transform submodule is connected with despread unit.
Described pilot tone and the synchronizing signal submodule of adding is for adding dressing pilot tone and synchronizing signal submodule, and promptly the pilot signal of being added is the dressing pilot signal.
The time span of the Cyclic Prefix of described interpolation Cyclic Prefix submodule is 2～4 times that the maximum delay of underwater acoustic channel is expanded root-mean-square value; Symbol period length is 5 times of circulating prefix-length.
Described emission sonar is the emission sonar that modulates the signal on the carrier frequency and increase the fixing general line signal be used to detect Doppler frequency shift outside the shared frequency band of communication data; Described filtering detecting unit is for carrying out the filtering detecting unit of filtering, Doppler shift compensation to signal.
Principle of Communication of the present invention is: at transmitting terminal, by transmitter communication data is carried out demixing time space by MIMO spatial reuse unit, obtain being transmitted into the data of several spectrum-spreading units afterwards; Each spectrum-spreading unit by same spreading code spread spectrum, is issued each SC-FDE pretreatment module with the data behind the spread spectrum with data; Each SC-FDE pretreatment module is carried out signal map, is added synchronizing signal communication data, through sending to each emission sonar unit behind the parallel serial conversion; Each emission sonar unit sends to underwater acoustic channel with communication data after being used to detect the fixedly spectral line signal of Doppler frequency shift toward the interior interpolation of communication data.At receiving terminal, receive sonars from the underwater acoustic channel received signal by several of receiver, and send to each filtering detecting unit; Each filtering detecting unit utilizes synchronizing signal that the signal that is received is carried out filtering, Doppler shift compensation, signal is sent to each SC-FDE module again; After each SC-FDE module is carried out serial to parallel conversion, deletion CP, FFT conversion to signal, obtain frequency domain communication data and pilot frequency information, utilize pilot frequency information that channel is carried out channel estimating, and utilize and estimate that the channel frequency domain characteristic that obtains carries out frequency domain equalization to communication data, again balanced data is carried out the IFFT conversion and obtain the time domain communication data, and separate mapping, send to each despread unit; Despread unit is with carrying out despreading with the same spreading code of crossing to the time domain communication data in the spectrum-spreading unit, and the data after the despreading are obtained the communication data that transmitting terminal sent after by the MIMO demultiplexing unit.
By technique scheme and Principle of Communication as can be known, the present invention is on the basis of Digital Signal Processing and high speed device development, MIMO coding techniques, spread spectrum and SC-FDE technology are in the same place by combination of hardware, make full use of advantage separately, realize the underwater sound communication system of high reliability communication.Compare with prior art, have following advantage:
1, because the MIMO space multiplexing technique can not need to increase under the condition of frequency band, increases channel capacity, improve transmission rate, and can disturb by anti-underwater acoustic channel multipath.
2, spread spectrum technic has advantages such as anti-interference, much more anti-ways, strong security, and the related gain of spread-spectrum signal can be so that carry out the recovery of signal under the condition of negative signal to noise ratio, be applicable to hang down under water property make an uproar than environment.
3, SC-FDE technology availability of frequency spectrum height, anti-frequency selective fading ability is strong, and the anti-multipath interference performance is strong, and peak-to-average power ratio is low, and can satisfy the systematic function requirement by enough simple channel equalization techniques.
4, pass through the fixedly frequency displacement detection of spectral line, but the estimating Doppler frequency displacement, so that signal is carried out frequency drift compensation.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of transmitter of the present invention, wherein, and 10-MIMO spatial reuse unit, 20-replication module, 30-SC-FDE pretreatment module, 310-interpolation CP submodule, 320-add pilot tone and synchronizing signal submodule, 330-parallel serial conversion submodule, 40-emission sonar;
Fig. 2 is the addition manner schematic diagram of CP of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is the inserted mode schematic diagram of Comb Pilot of the present invention;
Fig. 4 is the structural representation of receiver of the present invention, wherein, 50-reception sonar, 60-filtering detecting unit, 70-SC-FDE module, 710-serial to parallel conversion submodule, 720-deletion CP submodule, 730-FFT transformation submodule, 740-channel estimation and equalization submodule, 750-IFFT transformation submodule, 80-merging module, 90-MIMO demultiplexing unit.
Embodiment
Describe the present invention in detail below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, but embodiments of the present invention are not limited thereto.
Transmitter circuitry module of the present invention mainly is added CP submodule 310, Nt by MIMO spatial reuse unit 10, a Nt replication module 20, N * Nt multiplier, a Nt SC-FDE pretreatment module 30, Nt and is added pilot tone and synchronizing signal submodule 320, a Nt parallel serial conversion submodule 330, Nt and launch formation such as sonar 40 as shown in Figure 1.
MIMO spatial reuse unit 10 will need the communication data S (t) that transmits to be divided into the parallel convey of Nt bar branch road through demixing time space, become
Send to the branch road at Nt spectrum-spreading unit place respectively.
In Nt spectrum-spreading unit any, each spectrum-spreading unit is made up of 1 replication module 20 and N spread spectrum multiplier, sends to wherein each information symbol, copies as N identical data by replication module 20; Again by the particular length spread-spectrum code chip that is N to its spread spectrum.If the data S on the i bar branch road
i(t) (i=1,2 ..., N
t) in j symbol S
i(j), copy as the sequence { S that length is N by replication module 20
i(j), S
i(j) ..., S
i(j) }; Again with spreading code C (1), C (2) ..., C (N) } and sequence { S
i(j), S
i(j) ..., S
i(j) } the realization spread spectrum that multiplies each other obtains sequence { S
i(j) * C (1), S
i(j) * C (2) ..., S
i(j) * C (N) }.Wherein spread spectrum code sequence can adopt pseudo noise code (being the PN sign indicating number) sequence, and the PN sequence is that others is ignorant, is equivalent to the key of symmetric cryptography, promptly plays secret effect.Data behind the spread spectrum are sent into the SC-FDE pretreatment module 30 that is attached thereto.
SC-FDE pretreatment module 30 is carried out signal map with the data that receive, send into 310 pairs of data of interpolation CP submodule and add CP, by adding pilot tone and synchronizing signal submodule 320 interpolation pilot frequency informations,, adopt Comb Pilot again for changing channel circumstance under water soon.Be data { S
i(j) * C (1), S
i(j) * C (2) ..., S
i(j) * C (N) } be mapped as { b
1, b
2..., b
N; Again with { b
1, b
2..., b
NAdd CP{b by the mode of Fig. 2
N-m+1, b
N-m+2..., b
N, obtain { b
1, b
2..., b
N+m; in actual applications; the time span of the general CP that adds should be 2～4 times of the maximum delay expansion root-mean-square value of underwater acoustic channel; could effectively overcome intersymbol interference; the signal length of selecting a frame is 5 times of CP length; even also add behind the CP signal period be 5 times of CP length, like this owing to insert and protect the signal to noise ratio loss that bit caused to have only about 1dB; Again to { b
1, b
2..., b
N+mAdd Comb Pilot by the mode of Fig. 3, obtain { d
1, d
2..., d
N+m+n; Add synchronizing signal again, synchronizing signal can be N+m+n 1, and promptly the data-signal of first frame all is changed to 1; Carry out parallel serial conversion by parallel serial conversion submodule 330 again, at last with serial data { d
1, d
2..., d
N+m+nSend to the emission sonar 40 that is attached thereto.N
t Individual emission sonar 40 is modulated to the signal that receives on the carrier frequency, and outside the shared frequency band of communication data, increases fixing, spectral line signal that continue, that be used to detect Doppler frequency shift, sends by underwater acoustic channel together.
Receiver circuit module of the present invention mainly receives formations such as sonar 50, a Nr filtering detecting unit 60, a Nr SC-FDE module 70, a Nr serial to parallel conversion submodule 710, a Nr deletion CP submodule 720, a Nr FFT transformation submodule 730, a Nr channel estimation and equalization submodule 740, a Nr IFFT transformation submodule 750, N * Nr despreading multiplier, a Nr merging module 80, MIMO demultiplexing unit 90 by Nr as shown in Figure 4.
Concerning Nr any that receives in the sonar 50, each receives the signal that sonar 50 receives in the underwater acoustic channel, and sends it to the filtering detecting unit 60 that is attached thereto.Filtering detecting unit 60 utilizes synchronizing signal to carry out filtering, Doppler shift compensation to received signal, obtains serial data
Again data are sent to one by one the SC-FDE module 70 that is attached thereto.
The serial data that SC-FDE module 70 sends over each filtering detecting unit 60
Carry out serial to parallel conversion by serial to parallel conversion submodule 710, obtain parallel data
And send to deletion CP submodule 720 and delete CP, obtain data
And send to FFT transformation submodule 730 and carry out the FFT conversion, obtain communication data
And pilot frequency information
Channel estimation and equalization submodule 740 utilizes pilot frequency information that channel is carried out channel estimating, and utilizes the channel frequency domain characteristic of estimating to obtain to communication data
Carry out frequency domain equalization, obtain
Again balanced data is carried out the IFFT conversion by IFFT transformation submodule 750, obtain
And data are separated mapping,
Send it to each again and merge module 80.
Merge module 80 with received signal
Multiply by spreading factor C (1), C (2) ..., C (N) }, and merge and obtain despread signal
These data are sent to MIMO demultiplexing unit 90.MIMO demultiplexing unit 90 merges the data that module 80 is sent with Nr
The decoding back obtains described communication data S (t) when carrying out the layering sky.
The above; only for the preferable embodiment of the present invention, but protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and anyly is familiar with those skilled in the art in the technical scope that the present invention discloses; the variation that can expect easily or replacement all should be encompassed within protection scope of the present invention.Therefore, protection scope of the present invention should be as the criterion with the protection range of claim.
Claims (7)
1. a underwater sound communication system comprises transmitter and receiver, it is characterized in that:
Described transmitter comprises multiple-input, multiple-output spatial reuse unit, several spectrum-spreading units, several single carrier frequency domain equalization pretreatment module and several emission sonars, wherein several outputs of multiple-input, multiple-output spatial reuse unit and several spectrum-spreading units connect one to one, each spectrum-spreading unit is connected to a single carrier frequency domain equalization pretreatment module, and each single carrier frequency domain equalization pretreatment module is connected to an emission sonar;
Described receiver comprises that several receive sonar, several filtering detecting units, several single carrier frequency domain equalization modules, several despread unit and multiple-input, multiple-output demultiplexing unit, wherein each reception sonar links to each other with a filtering detecting unit, each filtering detecting unit is connected to a single carrier frequency domain equalization module, each single carrier frequency domain equalization module is connected to a despread unit, and some inputs of several despread unit and multiple-input, multiple-output demultiplexing unit connect one to one.
2. a kind of underwater sound communication system according to claim 1 is characterized in that:
Described each spectrum-spreading unit comprises a replication module, several spread spectrum multipliers; The input of replication module is connected with an output of multiple-input, multiple-output spatial reuse unit, and several outputs of replication module and several spread spectrum multipliers connect one to one; Each spread spectrum multiplier is connected with the single carrier frequency domain equalization pretreatment module;
Described each despread unit comprises several despreading multipliers, a merging module; Each despreading multiplier is connected with the single carrier frequency domain equalization module; Several inputs and several despreading multipliers that merge module connect one to one, and the output that merges module is connected with an input of multiple-input, multiple-output demultiplexing unit.
3. a kind of underwater sound communication system according to claim 2 is characterized in that: the spread spectrum code sequence of described spread spectrum multiplier is a pseudo-random code sequence.
4. a kind of underwater sound communication system according to claim 1 is characterized in that:
Described each single carrier frequency domain equalization pretreatment module comprises successively the interpolation Cyclic Prefix submodule that connects, add pilot tone and synchronizing signal submodule, the parallel serial conversion submodule; Add the Cyclic Prefix submodule and be connected with spectrum-spreading unit, the parallel serial conversion submodule is connected with the emission sonar;
Described each single carrier frequency domain equalization module comprises serial to parallel conversion submodule, deletion Cyclic Prefix submodule, fast fourier transform submodule, channel estimation and equalization submodule, the anti-fast fourier transform submodule that connects successively; The serial to parallel conversion submodule is connected with the filtering detecting unit, and anti-fast fourier transform submodule is connected with despread unit.
5. a kind of underwater sound communication system according to claim 4 is characterized in that: described pilot tone and the synchronizing signal submodule of adding is for adding dressing pilot tone and synchronizing signal submodule.
6. a kind of underwater sound communication system according to claim 4 is characterized in that: the time span of the Cyclic Prefix of described interpolation Cyclic Prefix submodule is 2～4 times that the maximum delay of underwater acoustic channel is expanded root-mean-square value; Symbol period length is 5 times of circulating prefix-length.
7. a kind of underwater sound communication system according to claim 1 is characterized in that:
Described emission sonar is the emission sonar that modulates the signal on the carrier frequency and increase the fixing general line signal be used to detect Doppler frequency shift outside the shared frequency band of communication data;
Described filtering detecting unit is for carrying out the filtering detecting unit of filtering, Doppler shift compensation to signal.
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